高三二轮复习阅读理解之二主旨大意(学案)

阅读专题二——主旨大意（学案）一、常见命题方式：(1)The subject/topic of the article is ……(2)Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?(3)What does the passage/author mainly discuss?(4)What’s the main point/main idea/central thought of the passage?(5)Which of the following is the best title of the passage?二、方法点拨(一)段落大意类任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。

抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。

段落中心思想常常由主题句( Topic sentence)来表达。

一个段落的主题句常常出现在段首或段尾处, 有时也在段落中间。

【经典例题】1. Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?Q：What is the main idea ?A. cigarette smoking can cause cancerB. smoking can cause the most serious and terrible diseaseC. smoking also can cause other health problemsD. smoking is harmful.【解析】D 此题属于开门见山类型，开篇就点明主旨，然后用细节支撑主题句。

2. Before learning how to use words to express their feelings, babies could only use their cry. They may cry for the simple reason that they are hungry, thirty, or not comfortable. Once more thing you should not forget is that they may cry just to attract your attention. All in all, as a young mother, you should learn more about their different cry, otherwise, you may feel helpless when they cry.Q: What is the paragraph mainly talking about?A. Baby use cry to express their feelings.B. How does baby learn to use words.C. Young mother should learn more about the crying.D. What does the baby’s cry mean?【解析】C 此题属于段末总结类型。

先表述细节, 后归纳要点结论, 概括主题。

3. If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only ＄79. Two days sale. Hurry.”However, when you go to the store ready to buy，You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you”It costs ＄395. This sales trick is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.Q：The paragraph is mainly talking about _________.A. buying a TV set on saleB. thinking twice before buy things on saleC. the clever shop assistantD. how to sell a TV set【解析】B 欲擒故纵类。

先表述细节, 后归纳要点, 然后再进一步阐述主题。

但后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味，而不是简单的重复。

或者通过提出一个问题或者观点，然后回答这个问题或者否定这个观点来提出主题句。

然后再细细表述。

4. Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.Q: The main idea of this paragraph is that ______.A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.【解析】D 字里行间类型，即全文没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。

必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。

【学以致用】1. ……Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws on how children learn ,but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort ---the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world---is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive systems that make young children feel good about feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, ”It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”Q：What is the main idea of the paragraph?A. The world may be m ore clearly explained through children’s play.B. Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science.C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.D. One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.2. ……Our results indicate that mind body interventions（介入）can reduce individual disease burden as well as the utilization of healthcare resources and are well suited to the changing healthcare environment. Mind body interventions are inexpensive relative to the cost of an emergency room visit, a hospitalization, or even other alternative medicine treatments.Q: What does the sixth paragraph mainly tell us?A. The change of healthcare resources.B. The advantages of mind body interventions.C. The variety of mind body interventionsD. The comparison of mind body interventions and emergency.(二)全文大意类【经典例题】Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ).The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headac he,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the children’s department.Last November the two groups started “Dog Day Afternoon”in the children’s department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes r eceived a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.Q：What is mainly discussed in the text?A.Children’s reading difficulties.B.Advantages of raising dogs.C. Service in a public library.D. A special reading program.【解析】D【学以致用】Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed ,for many of the poorest regions(地区)of the world, it remains the next big thing——finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better.Television’s most powerf ul effect will be on the lives of women. In India, researchers Robert Jensen and Emily Oster found that when TVs reached villages, women were more likely to go to the market without their husbands’ approval and less likely to want a boy rather than a girl. They were more likely to make decisions over child health care.TV is also a powerful medium for adult education. In the Indian state of Gujarat, Chitrageet is a popular show that plays Bollywood songs with words in Gujarati on the screen. Within six months, viewers had made a small but significant(有意义的) improvement in their reading skills.Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide.Q：What is the main idea of the passage? will rule the world will disturb the world will better the world will remain in the world(三)标题归纳类这类试题要求考生在把握文章主旨的基础上给文章选择一个合适的标题。