六级强化翻译讲义——菜鸟课程上课讲义
大学英语六级救命班电子讲义
2020 年12 月大学英语六级救命班电子讲义六级时间分配试卷结构测试内容测试题型题目数量分值比例考试时间写作写作短文写作1 15% 30 分钟听力理解长对话选择题（单选）8 8% 30 分钟听力篇章7 7% 讲话/报道/讲座10 20% 阅读理解词汇理解选词填空10 5% 40 分钟长篇阅读匹配10 10% 仔细阅读选择题（单选）10 20% 翻译汉译英段落翻译1 15% 30 分钟合计57 100% 130 分钟第一部分写作六级作文常见题型：论说文谚语警句图画图表书信1. 常见土单词排行榜：1）think have been convinced that be of the opinion that cling to the perspective that maintain contend assert argue assume claim 2) many a sea of multitudes of immense amounts ofnumerous innumerable plentiful 3) people we us private individuals youngsters and teenagers all children and adults experts and professors parents kids offspring businessmen youngsters on campus 4) very exceedingly distinctly strikingly more than extraordinarily outstandingly 5) important significant crucial critical indispensable play a crucial role in sth 句子的分类结构上分为简单句并列句复合句语序上分为倒装和正常语序语态上分为主动和被动一、短句的写法A man comes.He is attractive. I love him. I will give him a dog. It can make him happy. 二、被动很多人认为合作比个人能力更重要。
21六级翻译强化2讲
六级强化翻译（二）重点笔记真题练习：定语连接东西方的路线（route ）a route that connects the East and the Westa route connecting the East and the West卸任的政府官员（governor ）a governor who has quitted his job违反限排规定（limitations of emission ）的行为behaviors that are against the limitations of emission修饰：状语（状：先决状态或条件，修饰动作、情感或完整事件）状语的形式：副词介词短语、分词短语状语从句真题练习：状语有了这个明确的目标，中国城市就可以更好地规划其发展。
With the clear purpose,Chinese cities are able to plan their developments better.他们会坚持自己的决定，即使孩子根本不感兴趣。
They will insist their decision,though the kids are not interested at all.漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观。
Walking in the garden,people can see a series of well-designed landscapes.六级翻译的思路和步骤六级翻译要求：整体构思，清晰构句，保证准确，力求质量六级翻译只有一种句子：复杂的长难句翻译步骤：0.根据各句主语和各句长度，进行整体构思1.拆：分析句子，找出主干和修饰（借助中文，解剖句子）2.换：中文——英文转换句子形态（各个部分，如何翻译）3.译：中文——英文注意单词使用（思路转换，力求准确）六级翻译真题精讲精练2013年12月第一套重点单词：·一系列…a series of…认准惊呼网·路线n.route·延伸v.extend·火药n.gunpowder·双向的adj.mutual （相互的）·传遍全球spread all over the world·商品modity 重点句型：·…发挥了重要作用：…play an irreplaceable role·同样，xxx…：Also,xxx…/Similarly,xxx….闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。
英语六级翻译王牌讲义
六级汉译英讲义一、汉译英应试原则和基本程序(一)汉译英应试原则手法灵活(如遇难译之处，换用其它相近说法表达)语法正确(避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误)内容忠实(必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来，不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删)语言闪光(译文符合英语表达习惯，且用词准确、多样)(二)汉译英基本程序1.理解通读并透彻理解原文含义2.翻译确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词3.审校首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译;其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。
发现错误，及时改正。
二、汉译英专项练习一、倍数增减的表示法1) Force N1 ____ is 2.5 times greater than Force N2___________(比力N2大2.5倍).2) This substance __ reacts three times as fast as the other one _____________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).3) The earth __is 49 times the size of the moon_____________(是月球大小的49倍).4) The landlord __ wants to raise the rent by a third _____________(想将租金提高三分之一).5) They __ plan to double their investment_____________(计划将投资增加一倍).二、时态1) Be quick, __ or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church_____________(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).2) When she got home, _ the children had fallen asleep ______________(孩子们已经睡着了).3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _ my sister will be taking hervacation at the seaside ______________(我姐姐将在海边度假).4) I_ have been revising my resume all the morning ______________(一上午都在修改我的简历).5) Do you often go on holiday? _ No. It has been five years since I went on holiday______________(不，我已经有五年没有度假了).6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _ He has been in the army for 5 years______________(他参军已五年了).三、被动语态1) The blackboard and chalk _ is being replaced by the computer and the projector______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).2) The book _ will have been published by the end of this year______________(到今年年底就将已出版).3) Computer models _ can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work______________(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).4) When the bill of fare was brought, __ I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated_____________(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料).5) _ Effective measures must be taken immediately ______________(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.四、情态动词1) The phone is ringing, _ but there is no answer. She can’t be at home______________(但是没人接听。
谭剑波老师四六级翻译作文讲义
文都名师： 谭剑波Tangible
时间：2015年5月30日
目录：பைடு நூலகம்
第一部分: 写作高分策略 第一讲 写作的形式 第二讲 四六级写作题型 第三讲 各题型第一段设置 第四讲 各题型第二三段内容设置 第五讲 操练作文 第二部分: 翻译得分策略 第一讲: 翻译四大策略 第二讲: 翻译练习
• 三、文字类作文第一段 （提纲必须自拟，题目中一般没有提纲，开放式作文）
• 2014年六级作文：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to put all your eggs in one basket. You can give examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. • 第一段框架： There is an old famous saying saying that ( 名言 ), which is very thought-provoking. This famous saying tells us an undeniable truth that+（完整句 子： it is very dangerous to put all the eggs in one basket, and we should take many factors into consideration and get better prepared）
第一部分 写作高分策略
2020年6月六级专项精讲听力讲义(学生版)
强化听力第一章总论1.对词汇的敏感是英语学习的关键，对词汇与句型的敏感是听力和口语的核心。
2.六级听力题型介绍Section A长对话Directions：In this section，you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation，you will hear some questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.笔记：Section B短文听力Directions：In this section，you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage，you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.笔记：Section C讲座听力（重点）Directions：In this section，you will hear recordings of lectures or talks followed by some questions.The recordings will be played only once.笔记：3.六级听力总策略第二章讲座听力题型详解第一讲讲座听力题型介绍（大纲样题）Now listen to the following recording and answer questions16to19.1.A）They investigate the retirement homes in America.B）They are on issues facing senior citizens in America.C）They describe the great pleasures of the golden years.D）They are filled with fond memories of his grandparents.（通过17/18/19猜测本题答案）2.A）The loss of the ability to take care of himself.B）The feeling of not being important any more.C）Being unable to find a good retirement home.D）Leaving the home he had lived in for60years.（看原文回顾分析）3.A）The loss of identity and self-worth.B）Fear of being replaced or discarded.C）Freedom from pressure and worldly cares.D）The possession of wealth and high respect.（研究所有选项可以排除其中两个选项）4.A）The urgency of pension reform.B）Medical care for senior citizens.C）Finding meaningful roles for the elderly in society.D）The development of public facilities for senior citizens.（一起回顾最后一段：最后即所得）Moderator：Hello Ladies and Gentleman，it gives me great pleasure to introduce our keynote speaker for today’s session，Dr.Howard ler，Professor of Sociology at Washington University，has written numerous articles and books on the issues facing older Americans in our graying society for the past15years.ler：Thank you for that introduction.Today，I’d like to preface my remarks with a story from my own life which I feel highlights the common concerns that bring us here together.Several years ago when my grandparents were well into their eighties，they were faced with the reality of no longerbeing able to adequately care for themselves.My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear，that of leaving the only home they had known for the past60years.（最后即所得原则）Fighting back the tears，he spoke proudly of the fact that he had built their home from the ground up，and that he had pounded every nail and laid every brick in the process.The prospect of having to sell their home and give up their independence，and move into a retirement home was an extremely painful experience for them.It was，in my grandfather’s own words，like having a limb cut off.He exclaimed in a forceful manner that he felt he wasn’t important anymore.For them and some older Americans，their so-called“golden years”are at times not so pleasant，for this period can mean the decline of not only one’s health but the loss of identity and self-worth.（not only—but also转折后重心原则）In many societies，this self-identity is closely related with our social status，occupation，material possessions，or independence.Furthermore，we often live in societies that value what is“new”or in fashion，and our own usage of words in the English language is often a sign of bad news for older Americans.I mean how would your family react if you came home tonight exclaiming，“Hey，come to the living room and see the OLD black and white TV I brought!”Unfortunately，the word“old”calls to mind images of the need to replace or discard.Now，many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on the issues of pension reform，medical care，and the development of public facilities for senior citizens.And while these are vital issues that must be addressed，I’d like to focus my comments on an important issue that will affect the overall success of the other programs mentioned.This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group，and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.First of all，I’d like to talk about...1.What does the introduction say about Dr.Howard Miller’s articles and books?（前言部分也出题）2.What is the greatest fear of ler’s grandfather?3.What does ler say the“golden years”can often mean?4.What is the focus of ler’s speech?第二讲讲座听力实战操练第一篇（音频1）：通过中心去掉部分选项：16.A）because only in this way can they feel much better in their daily lifeB）because by doing this individuals can recognize their personalitiesC）because by doing so they can focus on acknowledging the stressD）because only in this way can they recover from the stress17.A）to get away from a stressful situation and take part in low stress activityB）to pay no attention to our physical needsC）doing body exercise as much as you canD）to learn to relive yourselves of stress from work18.A）catching up with others in workB）doing some manageable tasks at a proper speedC）doing the whole job within one dayD）trying to slow down instead of speeding upThe first thing that most psychologists suggest is to learn to recognize your own stress signals. We all have different types of stress signals，but individuals should monitor themselves for stress signals，so that they can focus on minimizing or acknowledging the stress before it gets out of control.And common early signs for many people include irritability，insomnia，weight loss or even weight gain，smoking，drinking，increases in small errors，all kinds of things that people get which could be an early signal of stress.You can consider ways to protect yourself when you start seeing these signs coming on.So you might decide to withdraw from a stressful situation or reward yourself with equal amounts of low stress activity time.That’s really the first important way to deal with stress appropriately.The second important way to deal with stress is to pay attention to your body’s demands.Most psychologists are finding that a good exercise program，good nutrition，decreases the amount of stress，or the effect of stress on the body or in the mind.And this seems quite apparent because exercise can provide a stress-free environment away from your usual stresses and it keeps your body busy and preoccupied with non-stressful things.OK，the third thing to reduce stress is to make plans and act when appropriate.What is suggested is that rather than wasting energy on worrying，an individual can direct his or her energy to plan the steps and act.And often，just the planning of the action helps to reduce the stress，because it reduces the worrying.And also the results of the plans or action may serve to remove or weaken the original cause of the stress.Please notice that I just now said“when appropriate”.And this next suggestion has to do with that idea of when appropriate.The third suggestion was to make plans and act when appropriate，rather than just sit around and worry.But the fourth plan，or fourth idea，says to learn to accept situations which are out of your control.These two then go hand in hand.You can make plans and act when it’s appropriate，but when it’s not appropriate，or when it’s impossible，the only way is to learn to accept that some things are unchangeable and out of your hands.So，for example，if you are in traffic，lateness caused by traffic is out of your hands.There’s no sense in getting really crazy about that.If you do so，it only increases your stress to waste energy trying to resist what’s inevitable or what can’t be avoided.The last item that psychologistssuggest is to pace your activities.By“pace”，I mean giving yourself some manageable tasks to do at a reasonable speed.That is，you go at a speed that you can handle，break your task into manageable parts，rather than try to deal with the whole task all at once.So，as an example in your lives as students，a whole term paper might feel overwhelming.But if you say to yourself，today I’m going to the library and gather resources，tomorrow，I’m going to read three articles，and so on，you’ll have broken this one large task，that’s writing a term paper，down into many smaller and more manageable tasks.This will certainly reduce your stress.Ok.Having said all these，I want you to remember that the problem is not in the stressful experiences themselves.We all experience stress and stressful events.The problem is in our reactions to these experiences.And each of us has our own limits for stress and our own ways of coping with stress.So long as we have our own appropriate ways，stress or stressful situations can certainly be dealt with.Ok.That’s all for today’s lecture.See you next week.16.Why should individuals monitor themselves for stress signals?（重复居多正确原则）17.What is the first important way to deal with stress properly?（注意同义替换）18.What does the psychologist mean by“pacing the activities”?（所听所得原则）第二篇（音频2）：（201813.51-17.50）Questions16to18are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A）About half of current jobs might be automated.B）The jobs of doctors and lawyers would be threatened.C）The job market is becoming somewhat unpredictable.D）Machine learning would prove disruptive by2013.17.A）They are widely applicable for massive open online courses.B）They are now being used by numerous high school teachers.C）They could read as many as10，000essays in a single minute.D）They could grade high-school essays just like human teacher.18.A）It needs instructions throughout the process.B）It does poorly on frequent，high-volume tasks.C）It has to rely on huge amounts of previous data.D）It is slow when it comes to tracking novel things.Section C Recording One听力原文：Here is my baby niece Sarah.Her mum is a doctor and her dad is a lawyer.By the time Sarah goes to college，the jobs her parents do are going to look dramatically different.In2013，researchers at Oxford University did a study on the future of work.[16]They concluded that almost one in every two jobs has a high risk of being automated by machines.Machine learning is the technology that’s responsible for most of this disruption.It’s the most powerful branch of artificial intelligence.It allows machines to learn from data and copy some of the things that humans can do.My company，Kaggle，operates on the cutting edge of machine learning.We bring together hundreds of thousands of experts to solve important problems for industry and academia.This gives us a unique perspective on what machines can do，what they can’t do and what jobs they might automate or threaten.Machine learning started making its way into industry in the early90s. It started with relatively simple tasks.It started with things like assessing credit risk from loan applications，sorting the mail by reading handwritten zip codes.Over the past few years，we have made dramatic breakthroughs.Machine learning is now capable of far，far more complex tasks.In2012，Kaggle challenged its community to build a program that could grade high-school essays.[17]The winning programs were able to match the grades given by human teachers.Now，given the right data，machines are going to outperform humans at tasks like this.A teacher might read10，000essays over a40-year career.A machine can read millions of essays within minutes.We have no chance of competing against machines on frequent high-volume tasks，but there are things we can do that machines cannot.Where machines have made very little progress is in tackling novel situations.Machines can’t handle things they haven’t seen many times before.[18]The fundamental limitation of machine learning is that it needs to learn from large volumes of past data.But humans don’t.We have the ability to connect seemingly different threads to solve problems we’ve never seen before.16.What did the researchers at Oxford University conclude?17.What do we learn about Kaggle company’s winning programs?18.What is the fundamental limitation on machine learning?第三篇（音频3）Questions19to21are based on the recording you have just heard.（注意：当很难听懂时，根据已知中心猜测答案）19.A）The engineering problems with solar power.B）The generation of steam with the latest technology.C）The importance of exploring new energy sources.D）The theoretical aspects of sustainable energy.20.A）Drive trains with solar energy.B）Upgrade the city’s train facilities.C）Build a new ten-kilometer railway line.D）Cut down the city’s energy consumption.21.A）Build a tank for keeping calcium oxide.B）Find a new material for storing energy.C）Recover super-heated steam.D）Collect carbon dioxide gas.Recording Two听力原文：We’ve talked recently about the importance of sustainable energy.[19]We’ve also talked about the different theories on how that can be done.So far，our discussions have all been theoretical.Now I have a practical question for you all.Can you run a140，000-kilogram train on just the steam generated by solar power?Well，one engineer，Tim Kasselman，believes it’s possible. And his home city of Sacramento，California should see the technology’s first test.As part of the upgrading of its rail yard，Kasselman，who is an inventor and self-proclaimed“steam visionary’’，is campaigning for a new steam train that runs without any fire and could run on an existing ten-kilometer line，driving tourists and perhaps offering city commuters a green alternative to their cars.[20]Kasselman wants to build an array of solar magnifying mirrors at one end of the line to collect and focus heat onto water-filled tubes.This would generate steam that could be used to fill tanks on a small steam train without the use of fire.“Supplying power to trains in this way would offer the shortest distance from well to wheels，”he says，“with the least amount of energy lost.”According to Harry Vallentine，a Canadian engineer who is researching modem steam technology，a special tank measuring2by10metres could store over750kilowatt hours of energy as high pressure steam，enough to pull a two-cart train for an hour or so.Energy to drive a steam locomotive can be stored in other materials besides water.[21]For example，a team at Tohoku University in Japan has studied materials that can store large amounts of heat.When heated，these materials turn from a solid into a liquid，absorbing energy as they change phase.The liquid is maintained above its melting point until steam is required，at which point the liquid is allowed to turn back into a solid，releasing its stored energy.Another team at Nagoya University in Japan has tested calcium compound as an energy storage material.Heating this chemical compound drives off carbon dioxide gas，leaving calcium oxide.The gas can be stored under pressure in a tank.To recover the energy，the gas is fed back over the calcium oxide.“In theory，’’says Vallentine，“this can create a high enough temperature to generate super-heated steam.”19.What has the speaker previously talked about?20.What is Tim Kasselman trying to do in Sacramento?21.What has a Japanese research team tried to do?第四篇（音频4）Questions22to25are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A）The lack of supervision by both the nation and local government.B）The impact of the current economic crisis at home and abroad.C）The poor management of day centers and home help services.D）The poor relation between national health and social care services.23.A）It was mainly provided by voluntary services.B）It mainly caters to the need of the privileged.C）It called for a sufficient number of volunteers.D）It has deteriorated over the past sixty years.24.A）Their longer lifespans.B）Fewer home helpers available.C）Their preference for private services.D）More of them suffering serious illness.25.A）They are unable to pay for health services.B）They have long been discriminated against.C）They are vulnerable to illness and diseases.D）They have contributed a great deal to society.Recording Three听力原文：Today’s crisis in care for older people in England has two main causes.First，people are living longer with a lot more complex needs.[22]Second，they rely on a system that has long been marked by a poor relation between national health and social care services.Current services originate in two key measures.They are the National Health Service and the 1948National Assistance Act.This required local governments to provide residential accommodation for older people and supervise care homes run by independent organizations.They also provided home and community services including meals，day centers and home helpers and other subsidized services.The National Health Service was free and wholly publicly provided.It delivered the best health care for all.No such vision guided residential and community care though.[23]The care was substantially provided by voluntary services，which worked together with local authorities as they long had with eligibility based on income.Today，life expectancy has risen from66for a male at birth in1948to around80now.In addition，there is better overall health and improved medical knowledge and care.This means an unprecedentednumber of people are surviving longer in conditions requiring expert support.Families provide at least as much care as they ever did.Even so，they can rarely without subsidized support address serious personal needs.Care for older people faced persistent criticism as these trends became apparent.From the early1960s，local authorities were required to plan health and welfare services. The aim was to enable older people to remain in their own homes for as long as possible，but this increased concern about the lack of coordination between free health and paid-for social care. Through the1970s，a number of measures sought to improve matters.However，at a time of financial crisis，funding diminished and little changed.[24]In the1980s，the government cut spending.Meanwhile，preference for private over public services made management even more difficult.Simultaneously，the number of sick older people ernments emphasized the need to improve services.They did so though while doing little to stop the erosion of available aid. Services were irregular across authorities.Unless you were prepared to pay，they were increasingly difficult to obtain for any but the most severely disabled.Why has60years of criticism produced so little change?[25]Discrimination against older people has a long history.Additionally，those affected by inadequate health and social care are too vulnerable to launch the protests that have addressed other forms of discrimination.22.What is one cause of the current crisis in care for the elderly in England?23.What does the speaker say about residential and community care?24.What made management of care for the elderly more difficult in the1980s?25.What does the speaker say about older people in England?第三章长对话总策略：真题演练第一篇：（音频5：0-3.45秒）Questions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A）It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike.B）It lists the various challenges physicists are confronting.C）It describes how some mysteries of physics were solved.D）It is one of the most fascinating physics books ever written.2.A）Physicists’contribution to humanity.B）Stories about some female physicists.C）Historical evolution of modem physics.D）Women‘s changing attitudes to physics.3.A）By exposing a lot of myths in physics.B）By describing her own life experiences.C）By including lots of fascinating knowledge.D）By telling anecdotes about famous professors.4.A）It avoids detailing abstract concepts of physics.B）It contains a lot of thought-provoking questions.C）It demonstrates how they can become physicists.D）It provides experiments they can do themselves.听力原文：M：Hey，I just read a great book about physics.I think you’d like it.It’s called The Physics of the World.It’s written by a scientist named Sylvia Mendez.W：Oh，I read that book.It was great.The writer is a warm and competent guide to the mysteries of physics.[1]I think it promises enrichment for any reader from those who know little about science to the career physicist.M：And it’s refreshing to see a strong，curious，clever woman adding her voice to the scientific discourse and a field that has been traditionally dominated by man.[2]I think she is to be commended for making an effort to include anecdotes about little known female scientists.You know，they were often victims of a generation firmly convinced that the woman’s place was in the home.W：[3]I like how the book is clearly written with each chapter brought to life by pieces of fascinating knowledge.For example，in one chapter she exposes a myth that I’ve heard taught by university physics professors.I’ve often heard that medieval glass windows are thicker at the bottom because glass flows like a fluid.This，she shows，is not true.The distortion is actually thanks to a peculiarity of the glassmakers’process.M：[4]Yeah，I like how she cultivates scientific engagement by providing a host of“Do It Yourself’experiments that bring the same foundational principles of classical physics that govern everything from the solar system to your kitchen table，from using complex laws of physics to test whether a spinning egg is cooked to measuring atmospheric pressure by lifting a piece of cardboard. Her hands-on examples make her book a truly interactive read.W：Yes，I must say this equation-free book is an ideal read for scientists of all stripes，anyone teaching science and even people who dislike physics.1.What does the woman say about the book the man recommended?2.What can we find in the book the man recom-mended?3.How does the author bring her book to life?4.How does the book cultivate readers’interest in physics?真题演练第二篇（音频6：3.45-7分0秒）Questions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A）He is too busy to finish his assignment in time.B）He does not know what kind of topic to write on.C）He does not understand the professor’s instructions.D）He has no idea how to proceed with his dissertation.6.A）It is too broad.B）It is outdated.C）It is challenging.D）It is interesting.7.A）Biography.B）Nature.C）Photography.D）Beauty.8.A）Improve his cumulative grade.B）Develop his reading ability.C）Stick to the topic assigned.D）List the parameters first.听力原文：M：Hi，professor.I was hoping I could have a moment of your time if you’re not too busy.[5] I’m having some problems getting started on my dissertation and I was hoping you could give me some advice on how to begin.W：Sure，I have quite a few students though.So can you remind me what your topic is?M：The general topic I chose is aesthetics，but that’s as far as I’ve got.I don’t really know where to go from there.W：Yeah，[6]that’s much too large a topic.You really need to narrow it down in order to make it more accessible.Otherwise，you’ll be writing a book.M：Exactly.That’s what I wanted to ask you about.I was hoping it would be possible for me to change topics.[7]I’m really more interested in nature than beauty.W：[8]I’m afraid you have to adhere to the assigned topic.Still，if you’re interested in nature，then that certainly can be worked into your dissertation.We’ve talked about Hume before in class，right?M：Oh，yeah，he’s the philosopher who wrote about where our ideas of beauty come from.W：Exactly.I suggest you go to the library and get a copy of his biography.Start from there，but remember to stick to the parameters of the assignment.This paper is a large part of your cumulative grade，so make sure to follow the instructions.If you take a look at his biography，you can get a good idea of how his life experiences manifest themselves in his theories of beauty，specifically，the way he looked towards nature as the origin of what we find beautiful.M：Great.Thanks for taking the time to answer my questions，professor.I’ll let you get back to class now.W：If there’s anything else you need，please come see me in my office any time.5.What is the man’s problem?6.What does the professor think of the man’s topic?7.What is the man really more interested in?8.What does the professor say the man has to do?真题练习第四篇（音频7）19.A）A notice by the electricity boardB）Ads promoting electric appliancesC）The description of a thief in disguiseD）A new policy on pensioners’welfare总结：20.A）Speaking with a proper accentB）Wearing an official uniformC）Making friends with themD）Showing them his ID总结：21.A）To be on the alert when being followedB）Not to leave senior citizens alone at homeC）Not to let anyone in without an appointmentD）To watch out for those from the electricity board总结：22.A）She was robbed near the parking lotB）All her money in the bank disappearedC）The pension she had just drawn was stolenD）She was knocked down in the post office总结：19.what does the woman want the man to read in the newspaper?20.How did the man mentioned in the newspaper try to win further trust from the victims?21.what is the warning form the police?22.what does the woman speaker tell us about the old lady第四章短文听力短文总策略：真题演练第一篇（音频8；2018.7分-10分22）Questions9to11are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A）The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland.B）The collapse of ice on the northern tip of Greenland.C）The unusual cold spell in the Arctic area in October.D）The rapid change of Arctic temperature within a day.10.A）It has created a totally new climate pattern.B）It will pose a serious threat to many species.C）It typically appears about once every ten years.D）It has puzzled the climate scientists for decades.11.A）Extinction of Arctic wildlife.B）Ice less summers in the Arctic.C）Emigration of indigenous people.D）Better understanding of ecosystems.During the Arctic winter from October to March，the average temperature in the frozen north typically hovers around minus20degrees Celsius.But this year，the Arctic is experiencing much higher temperatures.[9]On February20，temperature in Greenland climbed above freezing or zero degree Celsius and it stayed there for over24hours.Then on February24，the temperature on Greenland’s northern tip reached six degrees Celsius.Climate scientists describe the phenomenon as stunning.[10]Weather conditions that drive this bizarre temperature surge have visited the Arctic before. They typically appear about once in a decade.However，the last such increase in temperature took place two years ago.This is troubling as climbing Arctic temperatures combined with rapid sea ice loss are creating a new type of climate feedback loop，which could accelerate Arctic warming.Indeed，sea ice cover in the Arctic is melting faster than expected.Without those masses of cooling sea ice，warm air brought to the Arctic can penetrate further inland than it ever did before. The air can stay warmer，longer too.This drives additional melting.Overall，earth is warming at a rapid pace.2014through2017rank as the hottest years on record and the Arctic is warming twice as fast as any place else on earth.This raises unique challenges for Arctic wildlife and indigenous people，who depend on Arctic ecosystems to survive. Previously，climate forecasts predicted that Arctic summer ice would disappear entirely by around 2060，[11]but based on what scientists are seeing now，the Arctic may be facing summers without ice within20years.9.What did climate scientists describe as stunning?10.What does the passage say about the temperature surge in the Arctic?11.What may occur in20years according to scientists’recent observations?真题演练第二篇（音频9.7分-10分22）Questions12to15are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A）A good start.B）A detailed plan.C）A strong determination.D）A scientific approach.13.A）Most people get energized after a sufficient rest.B）Most people tend to have finite source of energy.C）It is vital to take breaks between demanding mental tasks.D）It is most important to have confidence in one’s willpower.14.A）They could keep on working longer.B）They could do more challenging tasks.C）They found it easier to focus on work at hand.D）They held more positive attitudes toward life.15.A）They are part of their nature.B）They are subject to change.C）They are related to culture.D）They are beyond control.听力原文：[12]A good dose of willpower is often necessary to see any task through，whether it，s sticking to a spending plan or finishing a great novel.And if you want to increase that willpower，a new study suggests，you just simply have to believe you have it.[13]According to the study，what matters most is what we think about our willpower.If we believe it’s a finite resource，we act that。
2019年英语六级听力考试讲义与笔记(五)
2019年英语六级听力考试讲义与笔记(五)医院场景：1、医生难找2、病情如何3、有病耽误课 miss the class缺课的原因：1、生病 get ill2、睡过头 over sleep3、traffic （车坏了，或者交通的问题）医院的线索词：operation 手术infirmary （校内）医务室；cafeteria 饭堂；tuition 学费treat, treatment 治疗（过程）cure 治愈（结果）[study, learn; search, find; try, manage]clinic 诊所ward 病房student health center 学生健康中心medical center 医疗中心prescribe 开处方；preview 预习；interview 面试；international 国际的fill the prescription 抓药refill the prescription 再抓药check out 办理出院手续emergency department 急诊室[P24-3]A) To meet Tom Wang.B) To work in his office.C) To go to hospital.D) To attend a meeting.M： This is Tom Wang speaking. Could you tell me Mr. Smith’s schedule for tomorrow? I would like to meet him at his convenience.W：Let me see. He’ll go to see his doctor at 8, and chair a meeting at 10 in the morning. Well, he will be in the office the whole afternoon.Q：What does Mr. Smith plan to do at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning?注：chair 主持打电话场景：1、约人肯定约不到 make an appointment （约医生）2、约会去不了come up 突然来临reschedule 重新安排时间fit me in 安排3、电话打不通，打错电话run out of coin 硬币用光cut off 通话被中断hang up 挂断电话receiver 听筒hook 挂钩telephone book 电话簿yellow pages 电话簿yellow press 色情出版物dial the number 打电话打电话步骤：look up the number in the telephone;pick up the receiver;drop the coins in the slot 投币孔;dial the number you wanted.[P25-4]A) She was afraid she might be kept too late.B) She would have something more important to do.C) She had to meet a friend of hers.D) She was not in the mood to attend the party.W：Hello, Steve. This is Susan. I’m afraid I won’t be able to come to the party. I was just asked to go to a meeting.M：Do come after your meeting, Susan. Our party won’t be over until midnight.Q： Why did the woman say that she could not join in the party?注：be in the mood to do sth. 愿意做某事，有这种心情做某事[P25-9]A) To write a check.B) To find a telephone number.C) To ring up somebody.D) To check the telephone service.W：I’m sorry, but the number you are dialing is not in service.M： Bu t that’s impossible. I just spoke to him this morning. Could you please check it for me?Q： What is the man trying to do?注：operator 接线员[P27-2]A) The woman is being interviewed by a reporter.B) The woman is asking for a promotion.C) The woman is applying for a job.D) The woman is being given an examination.M： Now, I'm going to start off by asking you a difficult question. Why would you like to get this post?W： Well-first of all I know that your firm has a very good reputation. Then I've heard you offer good opportunities for promotion for the right person.Q： What do we know from this conversation?。
六#级精品班讲义
CET6综合高分班电子教材教材说明：本电子教材word文档的顺序跟老师的声音完全一样，学员只需顺序来学习即可。
请提前预习、认真学习、及时复习，祝广大学子考试取得成功！一：六级考试几大题型各自的比重安排：1.听力35%2.阅读35%3.写作15%4.改错、完型10%5.翻译5%二：与单词有关的准备六级考试在06年12月底公布的最新大纲中指出：新六级的词汇增加到了5500左右。
其中4500是新四级考试的规定。
（1）单词对六级考试的影响和作用（2）背单词的方法1：边听边背单词法2：词汇书A：选六级词汇书的两个必要条件a：要具备六级考试中5500的词汇量b：词汇书一定要配有朗读的磁带3：准备笔记本三：综合部分题的特点：（改错或完型填空）完型和改错难点：1：做题时间减少如何在四五分内做好题2：考的方面广：单词辨析固定搭配常见语法现象上下文逻辑推理四：改错大纲的要求改错部分要求考生根据对文章的理解，运用语篇、语法和词汇知识辨认文章中出现的语言错误并加以改正。
改错部分的短文长度是250字----280字。
五：七大错：1.平行结构错2.动词错3.连词错4.代词指代错5.语意矛盾错6.词性错7.固定搭配错七：凭借理性认识改错1.在准备改错的过程中，在课下、课后、课间都禁止练习和复习。
2.在考场做改错时，大多数情况下禁止阅读和翻译原文。
八：对英语理性认识的规律和方法1.同样意思的中文和英文的句子区别：语序的差别eg：中文：我早上6：30起床。
英文：I get up at 6:30 in the morning.2.中文、英文的最大区别：中心词至上原则Eg：中国北京海淀区的中关村大街旁边的一栋房子里的一间房间里的一把椅子上的一条虫。
There is a worm on the chair in the room in the big house in ZhongGuan Cun Street in Hai Dian District Bei Jing China3. 一个很长的英文句子，假如各个单词都不认识，该怎么翻译？a：抓住这个英文句子的谓语动词就可以。
大学英语六级写作精讲班讲义
大学英语六级写作精讲班讲义大学英语六级写作精讲班第9讲讲义复合句（下）6. 将下面每组中的两个句子合并，将其中一个改为同位语从句。
1)He is growing old.Nothing could hide the fact.2)He works hard.The fact does not necessarily mean that he is a competent leader.3)I have a complacent feeling.I feel that I’m highly intelligent.4)He explained that he didn’t see the notice.The explanation is unsatisfactory.5)He holds that there is no advantage in introducing the new method.Most of us don’t agre e with his view.6)He won the first gold medal at the 23rd Olympic Games.The news soon spread throughout the country.7)He has suggested that intelligence is a relative matter.His suggestion is not universally accepted.8)I moved that the vote be postponed.He seconded my motion.9)He feared that he might not be able to finish the work.The fear disturbed him greatly.10)We expressed a hope.That hope was that Mr. and Mrs. Morrison would come and visit China again.11)I’ve come from Mr. L in with a message.It says that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.12)Suzy is the right person for the job.There can be no doubt about it.定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句是定语从句。
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六级翻译强化提高班——菜鸟课程主讲：董仲蠡欢迎使用菜鸟课程电子讲义出题形式《关于大学英语四、六级考试题型调整的说明》原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。
翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。
四级长度为140-160个汉字；六级长度为180-200个汉字。
--全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会2013年8月14日翻译？Translating is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor.——Columbia Encyclopedia翻译本身一种错误？Translation is like dancing with chains.Translation is like a girl, the more beautiful, the more unfaithful.Translation is the art of failure.四六级翻译评分标准分数档标准特征符合定义13-15 译文准确表达了原文的意思。
用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
雅10-12 译文基本上表达了原文的意思。
文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。
达7-9 译文勉强表达了原文的意思。
用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。
信大师如何说翻译？译事三难：信、达、雅。
--严复The standard of true;The standard fluent;The standard of beauty.--林语堂翻译本天成，妙手偶得之STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is inprivateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business.--Francis Bacon读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。
其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博采也，最见于高谈阔论之中，其长才也，最见于处事判事之际。
王佐良译Able was I ere I saw Elba.我在到俄尔巴岛之前是有能力的。
在我看到Elba岛之前，我曾所向无敌。
不到俄岛我不倒。
弱至孤岛孤至弱。
孤至厄岛厄至孤。
困遇孤岛孤遇困。
若非孤岛孤非若（弱）。
落败孤岛孤败落。
Nobody grows merely by the number of years; we grow old by deserting our ideals. ?年年有加，并非垂老；理想丢弃，方至暮年。
Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.?岁月悠悠，衰微只及肌肤；热忱抛却，颓唐必至灵魂。
--王佐良译Youth翻译本天成，妙手偶得之Never mind, I'll find someone like you.毋须烦恼，终有弱水替沧海。
I wish nothing but the best, for you too.抛却纠缠，再把相思寄巫山。
--Adele Adkins Someone like youIf I should meet thee, after long years.How should I greet thee, with silence and tears.-- George Gordon Byran异化（foreignization）翻译：多年后，如果我们相逢。
我将以何来面汝，以沉默以眼泪。
归化（domestication）翻译：多年惜别后，抑或再相逢。
相逢何所语？泪流默无声。
归化：《三国演义》二十一回：“龙能大能小，能升能隐；大则兴云吐雾，小则隐介藏形；升则飞腾于宇宙之间，隐操曰：则潜伏于波涛之内。
”A dragon can assume any size, can rise in glory or hide from sight. Bulky, it generates clouds and evolves mist; attenuated, it can scarcely hide a mustard stalk or conceal a shadow. Mounting, itcan soar to the empyrean; subsiding, it lurks in the uttermost depths of the ocean.巧妇难为无米之炊。
t cook a meal without rice. 'Even the cleverest housewife cant make bread without flour. Even the cleverest housewife can'尴尬的翻译) 人之初：At the beginning of life. (白话文：生命的起初) 性本善：Sex is good. (白话文：性是美好的) 白话文：基本上，所有的性行为是差不多滴性相近：Basically, all the sex are the same. () 白话文：但还是得依照个人的喜好而为之习相远：But it depends on the way you do it. (思考Always meaning to meaning.Never word to word.人之初，性本善。
性相近，习相远。
Man at birth,Being of worth.The same natureVaries on nurture.判断一下？Red Cliff 《赤壁》红岩All men are Brothers 《水浒传》都他妈是兄弟《霸王别姬》Farewell, My Concubine别了，我的情儿判断一下？要想皮肤好，早晚用大宝。
信：If you want good skin, you should use Dabao every morning and night.达：We can have a beautiful face by using Dabao every day.雅：A fair face now, Dabao knows how.汉语（通常情况）1.修饰结构在前2.分离可反复主动居多3.4.一句可多动词英语（通常情况）1.修饰结构在后2.合并避反复3.善用被动4.动词要有主有次做题步骤1.调整语序2.直接翻译（信、达）3.美化翻译（雅）试题演练●我国的端午节（the Dragon Boat Festival）是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。
The Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan.●喝茶聊天是中国人中最流行的打发时间的方式。
Chatting with cups of tea is the most popular way to spend time among Chinese.●过中秋节的习俗于唐代早期在中国各地开始流行。
The tradition of celebrating Mid-Autumn festival became popular throughout China in the earlyTang dynasty.●旅游业是最近二十年来在世界各地迅速发展的一个行业，现在正引起中国公众越来越大的注意。
Tourism is a fast developing industry for the last two decades all over the world, which now drawsmore and more attention of Chinese public.思考：“是”？“是”的翻译技巧●世界贸易组织是成立于1995年1月1日的，目的是确保一个稳定的全球贸易经济环境。
The WTO was founded on January 1st, 1995, which aims to ensure a stable environment oftrading and economy in the world.改变一下？●《三国演义》由罗贯中创作于14世纪，是一部中国历史题材小说。
Romance of Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese historynovel (a novel based on Chinese history stories).●大学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。
The competition among graduates has become more and more fierce, which results that the chancethat any individual graduate finds a job has decreased.●对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。
For those who earn less but eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city,the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford.欣赏寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚；乍暖还寒时候；最难将息。
seek, seek; search, search; cold, cold; bare, bare;Grief, grief; cruel, cruel griefNow warm, then like the autumn cold againHow hard to calm the heart!寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚；乍暖还寒时候；最难将息。
I look for what I missI know not what it isI feel so sad, so drear,So lonely, without cheer,How hard is itTo keep me fitin this lingering cold.——许渊冲许先生也有逗B翻译：君莫舞！君不见，玉环飞燕皆尘土？Do not dance then! Have you not seen both plump and slender beauties turn to dust?我爱你青松气质，我爱你红梅品格。