口腔医学课件：牙周疾病的预防和治疗(英文版)
牙周病学疾病课件PPT模板
华立
苏大附一院口腔科
概念
Periodontology研究牙周组织的结构、生理和 病理变化
Periodontics研究牙周病的诊断、治疗和预防 牙周病 Periodontal diseases 发生在牙周
支持组织的各种疾病
牙龈病 Gingival diseases 牙周炎 Periodontitis
龈乳头gingiva papilla
又称牙间乳头
呈锥形充满于相邻两牙接触区根方 的龈楔状隙中
颊舌侧乳头在邻面的接触区下方汇 合处略凹下，称为龈谷(牙周病易始 发于此)
牙周韧带（Periodontal ligament）
又称牙周膜，由许多成束状的胶原纤维及束间 的结缔组织构成。牙周韧带的胶原纤维两端 分别埋入牙骨质及牙槽骨内，起到将牙齿悬 吊固定于牙槽窝内的作用。
1970s
硬组织扩增时代
1980s GTR, 种植时代（开始）
1990s 牙周成形手术时代, 种植时代（继续）, GTR（细 胞来源、膜的研制、根面处理、生长因子的作用
骨替代品、诊断方法的改进等）
种植牙
现代牙周病学的发展
药物治疗 抗菌、抗炎、促愈合、天然药 小剂量局部缓释
长期保持疗效，保健品的研制
附 着 龈 attatched gingiva
位于游离龈根方并与之相连续。附着龈无粘膜下层， 由固有层直接紧附于牙槽骨表面骨膜，血管较少， 因此附着龈呈粉红色，坚韧，不能移动。附着龈表 面有桔皮样点状凹陷，称为点彩，是由数个上皮钉 突融合并向结缔组织内突起所形成。点彩可增加牙 龈对机械刺激的抗冲击作用，保护牙龈。当牙龈发 生炎症时，点彩消失。附着龈与牙槽粘膜的分界称 为膜龈联合。附着龈宽度即为龈沟底到膜龈联合的 距离，其值因人而异1—9mm。
牙周病学绪论和解剖生理双语第版同济口腔医学课件
“好诗应该是这样的， 它是茁壮成长的树木， 根深深地扎在土地里； 它是有源的水，可以追 溯到源头。
赵文博诗集《大地流泉》
牙周组织的健康，是口腔 其他学科治疗成功的基础
所谓牙周病，顾名思义，就是发生在 牙齿支持(周围)组织的一类疾病。这些组 织叫做牙周组织
牙周组织的主要功能是将 牙齿稳固地固定在牙槽窝内， 使牙齿得以实施其咀嚼功能。
Chapter One INTRUDUCTION
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek(1683 荷兰 人)，developed the microscope and used it to discover microorganisms, cellular structure, blood cells, sperm(精 子), and various other microscopic structures, including the tubular structure of dentin. 。
美国第一个以专门从事牙周病治疗和研究的牙医 1,首先提出牙周病发展的4个阶段; 2,首先提出牙周治疗的4个步骤;
1947年美国牙医学会才将牙周病学指定 为牙医学中的一个专科
现代-牙周医学的提出
Chapter One INTRUDUCTION
19世纪,不同牙医发明的 早期洁治工具
Chapter One INTRUDUCTION
(精品)口腔医学课件：牙周疾病的预防和治疗(英文版)
Moderate: AL of 34mm or loss of the bone covering up to 1/2 0f the root length
Severe: AL of 5+mm or loss of the bone covering greater than 1/2 0f the root length
It must be determined after the diagnosis is made and before treatment is planned.
Temporary
Final
Factors to be considered
Overall Clinical Systemic/
Prosthetic/
P
adequate maintenance possible, acceptable cooperation, limited systemic r
factors
o
v
Poor: moderat-to advanced bone loss,tooth mobility, Fi:1-2, difficult –to-
Location of remaining bone in relation to the individual tooth surfaces
Furcation involvment Tooth morphology
Anatomic Factors
Developmental grooves
Anatomic Factors
After the diagnosis and prognosis have been established, the treatment is planned
口腔医学课件：牙周病的预防和治疗
控制炎症
通过洁治、戒烟、饮食调整等 方式减少炎症。
牙齿根面清洁
定期刮治牙齿根面，去除菌斑 和牙石。
牙齿保留
努力保留患有牙周病的牙齿， 避免牙齿脱落。
牙周病的药物治疗
抗菌药物 口腔抗菌漱口水 抗炎药物
用于控制病情，减少菌斑和炎症。 用于预防和治疗牙周病。 减轻牙周组织的炎症反应。
牙周病的手术治疗
1
牙龈移植术
2
将健康的牙龈组织移植到受损区域来自加强支持。3牙周病手术
手术治疗包括根面刮治、牙槽骨磨平等。
牙周组织再生术
通过骨颗粒或其他生物材料促进牙周组 织再生。
牙周病的口腔清洁方法
正确刷牙
用正确的刷牙方式和合适的牙刷 清洁牙齿。
使用牙线
使用牙线清洁牙缝和牙齿之间的 区域。
漱口水
使用漱口水清洁口腔，并杀灭细 菌。
口腔医学课件：牙周病的 预防和治疗
牙周病是一种常见口腔疾病，本课件将介绍牙周病的预防和治疗，包括定义、 症状、分类，以及预防措施、治疗原则、药物治疗和手术治疗等内容。
牙周病的分类
慢性牙周炎
最常见的牙周病类型，症状 包括牙龈红肿、流血和牙龈 退缩。
侵袭性牙周炎
进展迅速且严重的牙周炎， 症状包括牙龈溢脓、气味、 牙齿松动。
坏死性牙周炎
炎症引起的牙龈组织坏死， 症状包括口臭、剧痛和牙齿 脱落。
牙周病的预防措施
1 良好口腔卫生
刷牙、使用牙线和漱口水 来清洁牙齿和牙周组织。
2 定期口腔检查
定期去牙医处检查，以及 接受定期的牙齿洗涤和洁 治。
3 健康的生活习惯
戒烟、限制酒精摄入、保 持饮食均衡，可以帮助预 防牙周病。
牙周病的治疗原则
牙周病学-PPT课件
4. 结合上皮的位置和生物 学宽度（biological width） ：牙冠、釉牙 骨质界或牙根上，龈沟 底（结合上皮的冠方） 到牙槽嵴顶之间的恒定 距离称为生物学宽度 2mm±.
5. 龈牙接合部(dento-
gingival junction)是指
牙龈组织借结合上皮与
牙面连接，良好地封闭
了软硬组织交界处
龈的顶部。无角化有上皮钉突
3. 结合上皮(junctional epithelium)：龈沟上皮的根方 呈领圈状附着于牙冠或牙根的
上皮。无角化无上皮钉突。
❖ 上皮附着（epithelial
attachment）：结合上皮靠基
底板和半桥粒与牙釉质或牙骨
质形成的有机性附着
10
二、正常牙龈的结构和代谢特征
研究牙周病的诊断、治疗和预防等的临床学科
2
第一章 绪论
4. 广义的牙周病：
泛指发生于牙周组织的各种病理情况
牙龈病（gingival diseases) 牙周炎（periodontitis）
5. 狭义的牙周病：
• 破怀性牙周病(destructive periodontal diseases): 造成牙齿支持组织破坏的牙周炎
7
8
❖
牙 周 病 易 发 部 位 龈 谷
9
-
二、正常牙龈的结构和代谢特征
（一）牙龈上皮的结构和代谢特征
1. 口腔龈上皮(oral epithelium): 覆盖于游离龈顶端、外表面和 附着龈表面角化或不全角化的
复层鳞状上皮
2. 沟内上皮(sulcular epithelium)： 从结合上皮的冠方伸延到游离
3
第一章 绪论
6. 牙周病学的发展简史
口腔预防医学 英语
口腔预防医学英语Oral Preventive Dentistry.Oral preventive dentistry is the practice of preventing oral diseases, such as tooth decay and gum disease. It includes regular dental checkups and cleanings, as well as good oral hygiene habits at home.Regular Dental Checkups and Cleanings.Regular dental checkups and cleanings are an important part of oral preventive dentistry. During a checkup, your dentist will examine your teeth and gums for signs of disease. They will also clean your teeth to remove plaque and tartar, which can cause cavities and gum disease.It is generally recommended to see your dentist for a checkup and cleaning every six months. However, yourdentist may recommend more frequent visits if you are at high risk for developing oral diseases.Good Oral Hygiene Habits at Home.Good oral hygiene habits at home are also essential for preventing oral diseases. These habits include:Brushing your teeth twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste. Fluoride helps to strengthen teeth and prevent cavities.Flossing your teeth once a day. Flossing helps to remove plaque and food particles from between your teeth, where your toothbrush can't reach.Using a mouthwash. Mouthwash can help to kill bacteria and freshen your breath.Other Preventive Measures.In addition to regular dental checkups and cleanings and good oral hygiene habits at home, there are a number of other things you can do to prevent oral diseases. Theseinclude:Eating a healthy diet. Eating a healthy diet that is low in sugar and processed foods can help to reduce your risk of developing cavities.Avoiding tobacco use. Tobacco use is a major risk factor for oral cancer and other oral diseases.Getting enough sleep. Getting enough sleep can help to improve your overall health, which can in turn help to improve your oral health.Benefits of Oral Preventive Dentistry.Oral preventive dentistry can provide a number of benefits, including:Preventing oral diseases. Oral preventive dentistry can help to prevent oral diseases, such as tooth decay and gum disease.Maintaining a healthy smile. Oral preventive dentistry can help to keep your teeth and gums healthy and strong.Saving money. Oral preventive dentistry can help to save you money in the long run by preventing oral diseases that can be expensive to treat.Conclusion.Oral preventive dentistry is an important part of maintaining a healthy smile. By following good oral hygiene habits at home and seeing your dentist for regular checkups and cleanings, you can help to prevent oral diseases and keep your teeth and gums healthy for life.。
牙周病免疫英文版
Defense Mechanisms of Pefiodontal Tissues
• (四)saliva
The active ingredient in saliva, flow and the flow rate of saliva is closely related to protecting function. 1. Effective saliva flow and flow rate to provide the necessary lubrication to help deliver food, remove bacteria and epithelial shedding, add fresh antibacterial ingredient. 2. Salivary proteins form saliva biofilm, conducive to bacterial attachment and setting. 3. The antimicrobial composition of saliva : Lysozyme :cause that bacteria decomposition and death。 Peroxidase:Generating nascent oxygen, kill bacteria substance. Lactoferrin: Competition for nutrients iron with bacteria, inhibit bacterial growth.
Defense Mechanisms of Pefiodontal Tissues
• (一) epithelial barrier
1. Junctional epithelium update rate is about 5 days. Surface senescent cells shed into the gingival sulcus, while take away the bacteria attached to the junctional epithelium. 2. Junctional epithelium cell produce antibacterial substances: defensins, interleukin8 , interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor a, they induce and activate special defensive cells such as polymorphonuclear leukocyte.
“牙周病课件-牙周病的预防和治疗”
己和周围的人带来困扰。
最终导致牙齿脱落。
增加心脏疾病的患病率。
牙周炎的发病机制
1
牙垢和牙菌斑
局部牙齿和颊黏膜出现白色、黄色或绿
牙龈红肿
2
色的沉积物。
牙龈出现红肿、疼痛，出血或脓性分泌
物。
3
牙龈收缩
牙龈边缘侵蚀，出现齿槽骨吸收、牙周
膜松驰。
牙周病的预防措施
坚持刷牙
使用牙线
定期洗牙
每天至少两次刷牙，用正确次，彻底清除牙石
刷牙方法刷牙。
清除的菌斑。
和菌斑。
牙周病的治疗方法
洁牙
洗牙
手术治疗
牙周病早期洁牙能有效控制病情，
重度牙周病患者需要进行手术治
晚期牙周病需进行慢性乳腺炎和
去除牙菌斑和牙石。
疗，洗除牙垢和牙石。
修补齿孔等手术。
牙周病的饮食调理
戒烟戒酒
多吃蔬菜水果
少吃高脂肪食品
成牙周炎。
牙周病分类及症状
牙龈炎
牙齿松动
蛀牙
牙龈炎是牙周病的早期表现，表
牙齿松动是牙周病晚期的表现，
牙周病早期牙龈受刺激容易感染，
现为牙龈红、肿。
严重时会导致牙齿脱落。
导致蛀牙。
牙周病的危害
1
口气难闻
2
牙齿脱落
3
心脏病风险增加
牙周病会导致口臭，给自
牙周病会导致齿龈炎症，
牙周病菌会进入血液循环，
3
挑选适宜的漱口水
按照口腔专家的建议使用漱口水，有效
杀菌和抗菌。
预防和治疗牙周病
牙周病是一种常见的口腔疾病，它可以导致牙龈疼痛、口臭和牙齿脱落。本
课件将详细介绍如何预防和治疗牙周病。
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Fair: less-than-adequate remaining bone support, some teeth mobility, Fi:1
Stress
Systemic/Environmental Factors
Prognosis for individual teeth
•Tooth Mobility : the principle causes •The destructive degree of periodontal tissue
presence of systemic factors
n
a
l
Hopeless: advanced bone loss, nonmaintainable areas, extraction(s) indicated,
presence of uncontrolled systemic factors
Prognosis for Patients
Determination of The Prognosis
Excellent : NO bone loss, excellent gingival condition, good cooperation
no systemic factors
Good : adequate remaining bone support, adequate possibilities to control
• The presence of apical disease also worsen the prognosis
• The periodontal prognosis of treated nonvital teeth is not different from that of vital tooth.
Prognosis for Patients with
Periodontitis
• Overall prognosis • Prognosis for individual teeth
Overall Clinical Factors
Patient Age:
Older is better Type of periodontitis
presence of systemic factors
n
a
l
Hopeless: advanced bone loss, nonmaintainable areas, extraction(s) indicated,
presence of uncontrolled systemic factors
The Treatment Plan
Enamel projection
Poor crown:root ratio
Anatomic Factors
Tooth adjacent to edentulous areas Relation to adjacent teeth
Extraction of severely involved tooth to preserve bone on adjacent teeth
I
maintain areas/or doubtful cooperation, presence of systemic factors
t
i
Questionable: advanced bone loss, tooth mobility, Fi:2-3, inaccessible areas, o
etiologic factors and establish a maintainable dentition, adequate cooperation, no systemic factors/or well controlled
Fair: less-than-adequate remaining bone support, some teeth mobility, Fi:1
Determination of The Prognosis
Excellent : NO bone loss, excellent gingival condition, good cooperation
no systemic factors
Good : adequate remaining bone support, adequate possibilities to control
Smoking
The severity of
periodontal destruction
The healing potential of
the periodontal tissue
Systemic Disease/Condition
Diabetes
Genetic Factors: •Genetic polymorphisms •Familial aggregation
Overall Clinical Factors
Plaque control
Effective
Patient compliance/cooperation
Desire
Willingness
Ability
Overall Clinical Factors
Systemic/Environmental Factors
It must be determined after the diagnosis is made and before treatment is planned.
Temporary
Final
Factors to be considered
Overall Clinical Systemic/
Prosthetic/
• A 20-year-old girl
• Gingival inflammation
• Periodontal pockets
• Pathologic migration
• Severe bone destruction
• GAgP
Disease Severity
History of previous periodontal disease
I
maintain areas/or doubtful cooperation, presence of systemic factors
t
i
Questionable: advanced bone loss, tooth mobility, Fi:2-3, inaccessible areas, o
Moderate: AL of 34mm or loss of the bone covering up to 1/2 0f the root length
Severe: AL of 5+mm or loss of the bone covering greater than 1/2 0f the root length
with Gingival Disease
• If inflammation is the only pathologic change , the prognosis is favorable.
• If inflammatory changes are complicated by systemically caused tissue changes, gingival health may be improved temporarily through local therapy alone.
Factors
Environmental Local Factors Restorative
Factors
Factors
Patient age Disease severity Plaque control Patient compliance
Smoking Systemic diseasee Genetic factors stress
P
adequate maintenance possible, acceptable cooperation, limited systemic r
factors
o
v
Poor: moderat-to advanced bone loss,tooth mobility, Fi:1-2, difficult –to-
Plaque/calculus Restorations Anatomic factors
Abutment selection Caries Nonvital teeth Root resorption
Determination of The Prognosis
Prognosis
?
Risk Factors
Periodontal treatment requires long-range planning
The periodontal condition of the teeth are retained is more important than the number of such teeth
After the diagnosis and prognosis have been established, the treatment is planned
Unforeseen developments during treatment may necessitate modification of the initial treatment plan