定语从句与非谓语动词
定语从句与非谓语动词
定语从句与非谓语动词
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定语从句与非谓语动词
二.定语从句:
定语从句三步:第一找出先行词(被修饰的那个名词或代词);第二看从句缺少什么成份(如主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的引导词.
从句中所缺成份 指人 指物
主语 that who that which
宾语 (that who whom) (that which)
时间状语 when =相应的介词+ which
地点状语 Where =相应的介词+ which
---的 whose 或 of which
注意:引导词在介词后,指人只能用 whom 指物只能用which
高考对定语从句的考查常涉及以下几个方面:
【考点6】正确区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的结构;理解关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的作用;特别注意指代整个主句内容的关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句,从意义上来说,是对主语的补充说明,从结构上来看,先行词和定语从句之间用逗号隔开,He makes great progress in his English
learning, which makes his mother very happy。
⑧ I shall never forget the day _____ Shenzhou V was launched, _____ has a great
effect on my life。
A. when; which B. that; which C。 which; that D。 when; that (2004北京东城)
【考点7】关系代词that,who,which以及as的用法区别.
指人时常只用who不用that的情况;
指物时只用which不用that的情况;
只用that不用which的情况;
关系代词as与which的用法区别;
the same … that … 与the same … as …的区别:
1 其中that, who(whom),都可以指人,那么他们在指人时有什么区别呢。[本条记忆技巧:用who 不用 that 的情况 “there be” “one,ones,anyone,nobody,
those ” 被分割。 那里有(there)很多万(one)被那些人(those)分割。]
〈1〉先行词为those, one, anyone, nobody 等词时,用who不用that,例如:The
one who knows me well is Tom.
〈2〉在分隔型定语从句中,若先行词是人,用 who不用that, 例:
A new teacher will come who will teach you German.
在本句中,先行词“teacher”和修饰限定它的从句 “who will teach you German
" 分离,所以我们用 who 不用 that。
<3〉先行词为“there be”结构的主语时,例如
There is a man who wants to see you。
在本句子当中a man是There is a man 这句当中的主语,所以用who不用that
2其中,that 和 which 都可以指物,它们在指物时的区别:
用that不用which
<1〉先行词前有形容词最高级,序数词,all, every, little, no, any, much,
the only, the very, the last 等修饰时,例如:
I have read all the books that you gave me。
〈2〉先行词为all, few, nothing, everything, little, much 等不定代词时: 定语从句与非谓语动词
He did all that he could do to help us.
〈3〉主语以who或which开头时
Who is the man that just called you just now?
〈4>关系代词在从句中做表语时
China is not the country that is was。
<5>既指人又指物时
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
2, 先行词表示物时, 用which不用that 的情况
〈1> 引导非限制性定语从句时,例如:
She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart to her mouth。
<2〉当关系代词做介词宾语时,例如:
He wrote a book in which he could learn about his life.
在上一例句中,引导词 “which"作了介词 “in”的宾语,所以不可以用 “that”代替.
关于as
1在一些结构,如“such …as" “the same…as” “as…as”等结构中,定语从句的引导
词经常要用到as,例如
This is not such a book as I expected.
the same as和the same that 的区别。例句: This is the same tool as I used last
time。
This is the same tool that I used last time.
在例句中,第一句的意思是这个工具和我上次用的一样,但是第二句的意思是这就是我上次用的工具
2 as 和which 的比较
相同点:两者都可以引导非限制性定语从句,先行词都可以是整个句子,都可以在从句中
做主语,宾语表语。
不同点: 〈1> as 引导的从句可以放在句首和句尾,而which 引导的从句只可放在句尾。
〈2〉as 还有正如、正象的意思.
As Marx pointed out, labor created man himself。
当先行词,虽然表示时间地点,但是引导词在从句中不是做状语,而是做宾语时,不能用when, where引导,而只能用that, which 等引导.比较以下两个句字:
I will never forget the days when I first went to Beijing .
I will never forget the days that (which) we spent together
⑨ There is no such place ___ you dream of in all this world. (2004北京西城·5月)
A。 that B。 what C。 which D。 as
【考点8】区别that引导的定语从句与that引导的同位语从句。that引导同位语从句时,that是纯连词,在从句中不充当任何成分;that引导定语从句时,that是关系代词,在从句中充当主语或宾语等。
比较:
The news that they had won the game arrived soon.
The news that you told me yesterday is true。
⑩ Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
(2002上海春季)
A。 he explained B。 what he explained 定语从句与非谓语动词
C. how he explained D。 why he explained
【考点9】定语从句中谓语动词须与先行词在人称与数上保持一致。
⑾ He is the only one of the students who ________ a winner of scholarship in
three years。
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been (2002上海春季)
【考点10】在先行词为time,place,reason时,常可用that代替when,where,why,并常常省去。
如:That was the reason (that) / why / for which he left home.
⑿ What surprised me was not what he said but _______ he said it. (2004湖北)
A。 the way B。 in the way that C. in the way D. the
way which
【考点11】定语从句应特别注意的几个问题
Ⅰ.关系代词which
例1. The Greens will move into the new house next Monday, _____it
will be completely finished.
A. by the time B. by which
time C. that D. which
例2.Water boils at 100℃, _____it changes to gas.
A. at which temperature B. at which C. by which
temperature D. by which
析:which 引导定语从句时,在从句中除了作主语或宾语外,还可以作定语修饰名词,常用于“介词+which+名词”结构中,相当于“and+介词+this/that+名词”.所以例1选B;例2选A。
Ⅱ.关系副词when
例1.Could you suggest a time _____it would fit you to visit us and
try out the machine﹖
例2.Think of a time _____you were happiest.(Senior3,L93)
例3.There was a time _____all scientists were willing to share
非谓语动词作定语
二、非谓语动词作定语
非谓语动词做定语有以下几种形式;
doing 1、作动名词讲时做定语表示用途。比如、living room, swimming pool.
2、作现在分词讲时,所修饰名词或代词与其是一种主谓(主动)关系,有时还表进行。如; falling leaves, the rising sun, boiling water, a developing country,
the boy standing on the ground, the man introducing modern technology into China.
done(过去分词) 表示被动(与所修饰的词是动宾关系)或完成。如;fallen
leaves, the risen sun, boiled water, a developed country, the players selected from
the whole country.
being done 现在分词的被动结构,表是正在被……只做后置定语,即放在所修饰名词之后 。如;the bridge being built, the meeting being held.
to do (to be done)动词不定式做定语常表示将来,有主动与被动两种形式。
1、 所修饰的词与不定式动作是一种被动关系(也可以说动词不定式与所修饰的词是一种动宾关系,即所修饰的词是不定式动作的对象,)这时注意选择是用to
do ,还是to be done.
1、I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.
2、His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.
2、所修饰的词与不定式是是一种主谓(主动)关系,这些词前面常常有 the
(完整版)从句与非谓语之间的转换
(完整版)从句与非谓语之间的转换
从句与非谓语之间的转换
一、当从句的主语与主句的主语一致(定语从句的主语与先行词一致),如果从句中是:
1)从句用be动词作谓语
be + doing; 省略be;(例10)
be + done;省略be;(例4)
be + 介词短语;省略be;(例2)
be + 形容词 / 副词; be变为being;(例9)
be + 名词; be变为being;(例1)
2)如果从句中是其他行为动词作谓语
是一般现在时或一般过去时就一律用doing的进行时化简;(例3)
是完成时态或after引导的一般时态,用having done化简.(例7和11)
二、当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不一致时,也可按上面第一条中方法化简复合句。
化简后的短语前加上原从句中的主语即可(既是独立主格结构)。(例5、6、8)
1. When he was a young boy,he used to ask lots of questions。 = Being a young boy, he used to
ask lots of questions.
2. When he was in the classroom, he read his book aloud。 = In the classroom, he read his book
aloud。
3. They went to the teacher for help who taught them English. = They went to the teacher teaching
them English for help。
4. When the earth is seen from space, it looks like a huge water ball。 = Seen from space, the
earth looks like a huge water ball。
非谓语动词及从句
非谓语动词及从句
非谓语动词有关从句
1. 非谓语动词概括: 2. 非谓语动词与名词性从句 3. 非谓语动词与定语从句 4. 非谓语动词与状语从句
There are some people insisting that
they shouldn ’t learn English.
一、 非谓语动词概括: 动名词 Ving ;此刻分词 Ving; 过去分词 ved; to do 不定式
1. 分词短语从实质上而言:是由动词派生而来的形容词。如, a sleeping baby, a
used car, a frightening experience, a
frightened child, etc.
A baby who is sleeping.
A car which is used
2. ving 形式由动词的主动形式派生而来;表示主动的动作或正在进行的动作
Ved 形式由动词的被动形式派生而来:表
示被动的动作或已达成的动作
The fallen leaves
The falling leaves
The custom fascinates me. 非谓语动词及从句
The fascinating custom has been the
subject of many books.
The baby will sleep until eight.
Try not to wake a sleeping baby.
Some movies are rated X.
Children shouldn ’ t see X-rated movies.
My leg was broken in three places.
My broken leg is healing slowly.
The sinking ship= the ship that was
sinking
The sunken ship=the ship that has sunken.
The transformation between the attributive clause and the non定语从句和非谓语动词作定语的转换
1 定语从句和非谓语做定语的转换
适用学科 高中英语 学生姓名
学习目标 掌握定语从句与非谓语动词的转换规则
学习重点 转换成非谓语动词的复合句时主被动的确定
学习难点 非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系的确定
定语从句和非谓语动词都是高中阶段的重要语法知识点,应用十分的广泛。无论是阅读理解、完形填空还是其他题型,往往都成为理解句意的关键。很多同学因为无法正确判断主从句和非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系,导致无法正确判断句子结构,从而错误理解或曲解了原句意思,导致失分。另外,定语从句和非谓语动词也常常是是写作中提升作文层次和增加句式结构灵活多样性的重要句型,能够熟练掌握两者之间的相互转换,对于理解句子和提升运用能力都十分重要。
一、当定语从句是be doing,be done,be to do结构时与非谓语动词的转换
规则1:如果先行词在从句中作主语,直接将引导词和be动词去掉,翻译方法与定语从句的翻译方法相同。
E.g.1:定语从句:The girl who is wandering on the pavement is a star in our school.
非谓语动词:The girl wandering on the pavement is a star in our school.
在人行道上漫步的那个女孩在我们学校是一个明星。
E.g.2:定语从句:Journey To The West which was written by Wu Cheng’en is very famous in Asian
countries.
非谓语动词:Journey To The West written by Wu Cheng’en is very famous in Asian countries.
吴承恩的西游记在亚洲国家中非常出名。
(完整版)定语从句和非谓语做定语的转换
(完整版)定语从句和非谓语做定语的转换
1 定语从句和非谓语做定语的转换
非谓语做定语是定语从句的简化形式
Please replace the underlined part with relative clauses
1. The picture hanging on the wall is painted by my nephew.
2. The Olympic Games, held in 776 B。C。, did not include women players until 1912.
3. The first text books written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th
century。
4. Are you going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow?
5. a developed/developing country
6. He is a student loved by all the teachers.
7. The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school。
8. She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.
9. Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.
10. We have nothing to worry about。
11. I have a lot of things to do today。
12. Have you got anything to say at the meeting?
非谓语在定语从句的用法
龙源期刊网
非谓语在定语从句的用法
作者:郑江涛
来源:《新校园·中旬刊》2011年第01期
摘要:非谓语为定语从句的简化提供理论基础,使复杂的从句简化为简单句,语言简练,提升阅读力和写作力,本文从个人体会,理论加实例详细阐述其原理。
关键词:非谓语;不定式;分词
什么叫非谓语呢?通俗地讲,就是不能做谓语的动词的几种特殊形式,包括动词不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。动词不定式的构成:肯定式:to+动词原形;其否定式:not+to+动词原形。切记,动词不定式本身表示将来时。动词不定式在句子中起名词,形容词或副词的作用,可以作主语,表语,宾语,定语,宾语补足语和主语补足语。
现在分词的构成:肯定形式为动词原形+ing。其否定形式为not+动词原形+ing。现在分词相当于形容词和副词,在句中可以作定语,状语,表语,宾语补足语。切记,现在分词表示正在进行的动作或经常做的动作,其完成式表示已经完成的作。
过去分词的构成:肯定形式为动词原形+ed;否定形式为not+动词原形+ed,不规则动词无统一形式。在句中起形容词和副词的作用,可以作定语,状语,表语和宾语补足语。切记,过去分词表被动和完成的动作。
动名词由于其不在定语从句和状语从句中作成份,此处不作详细阐述。
在多年的教学中我总结出这样一段不完善的理论,但是却很实用于英语教学。定语从句的简化理论:在定语从句中,如果关系代词作作主语,那么定语从句可以简化为分词短语作先行词的后置定语,取决于从句的语态而不是时态。如果定语从句是主动语态,从句变为现在分词作后置定语;如果从句是被动语态,从句变为过去分词短语作后置定语;如果从句是主系表结构,只留下表语作后置定语;从句是将来时或含有情态动词,从句简化为动词不定式作后置定语;从句如果是完成时,这时候不分主动或被动,可以简化为having+过去分词或者having
高考语法复习之非谓语动词做定语及与定语从句的转换
高考语法复习之非谓语动词做定语及与定语从句的转换
高考语法复习之非谓语动词做定语及与定语从句的转换
编辑整理:
尊敬的读者朋友们:
这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望(高考语法复习之非谓语动词做定语及与定语从句的转换)的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈,这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改,如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅,最后祝您生活愉快 业绩进步,以下为高考语法复习之非谓语动词做定语及与定语从句的转换的全部内容。
高考语法复习之非谓语动词做定语及与定语从句的转换
非谓语动词作定语
一:如何轻松精准的做此类题呢只需把握住两点:
一先看非谓语动词与其逻辑主语(即定语的先行词)之间的关系,主动与被动
二看非谓语动词与谓动的时间关系1与谓动同时发生2在谓动之前3在将来发生
二:做题步骤:先搞清非谓语动词与先行词之间的逻辑关系
1如果是主动关系,再看时间,与谓动同时发生用doing 将来发生用to do
2如果是被动再看时间,与谓语动词同时发生用being done 在谓动之前用done表将来用to
be done
一. 用不定式做定语的几种情况:
(1)不定式表将来。如:
The car to be bought is for his sister。
(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或 no, all, any 等限定的中心词。如:
He is the best man to do the job。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games。
(3)用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式,常见的有:
ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt,
非谓语在定语从句用法论文
非谓语在定语从句的用法
摘要:非谓语为定语从句的简化提供理论基础,使复杂的从句简化为简单句,语言简练,提升阅读力和写作力,本文从个人体会,理论加实例详细阐述其原理。
关键词:非谓语;不定式;分词
什么叫非谓语呢?通俗地讲,就是不能做谓语的动词的几种特殊形式,包括动词不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。动词不定式的构成:肯定式:to+动词原形;其否定式:not+to+动词原形。切记,动词不定式本身表示将来时。动词不定式在句子中起名词,形容词或副词的作用,可以作主语,表语,宾语,定语,宾语补足语和主语补足语。
现在分词的构成:肯定形式为动词原形+ing。其否定形式为not+动词原形+ing。现在分词相当于形容词和副词,在句中可以作定语,状语,表语,宾语补足语。切记,现在分词表示正在进行的动作或经常做的动作,其完成式表示已经完成的作。
过去分词的构成:肯定形式为动词原形+ed;否定形式为not+动词原形+ed,不规则动词无统一形式。在句中起形容词和副词的作用,可以作定语,状语,表语和宾语补足语。切记,过去分词表被动和完成的动作。
动名词由于其不在定语从句和状语从句中作成份,此处不作详细阐述。
在多年的教学中我总结出这样一段不完善的理论,但是却很实
用于英语教学。定语从句的简化理论:在定语从句中,如果关系代词作作主语,那么定语从句可以简化为分词短语作先行词的后置定语,取决于从句的语态而不是时态。如果定语从句是主动语态,从句变为现在分词作后置定语;如果从句是被动语态,从句变为过去分词短语作后置定语;如果从句是主系表结构,只留下表语作后置定语;从句是将来时或含有情态动词,从句简化为动词不定式作后置定语;从句如果是完成时,这时候不分主动或被动,可以简化为having+过去分词或者having been+过去分词短语作后置定语。接下来我们详细介绍并举例说明。
非谓语,定从,名从
八.非谓语动词
I. 非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成:
非谓语形式 构成
特征和作用
时态和语态 否定式 复合结构
不定式 to do
to be doing
to have done to be done
to have been
done
在非谓语前加not for sb.
to do
sth. 具有名词,副词和形容词的作用
在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语
分词 现在分词 doing
having done being done
having been
done
具有副词和形容词的作用
在句中做定、表、宾补和状语 过去分词 done
动名词 doing
having done being done
having been
done sb’s
doing 具有名词的作用
在句中做主、宾、定和表语
II. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较:
情况 常用动词
只接不定式做宾语的动词 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide,
pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise,
happen
只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语 mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish,
escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike,
avoid, risk, resist, consider
can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get
down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of,
take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look
高二 非谓语动词与定语从句用法巩固
卓越个性化教案 GFJW0901
学生姓名
刘司惠 年级
高二 授课时间 2012-01-01 教师姓名 胡芳 课时 2
课题 英语基础语法:非谓语动词与定语从句
教学目标 非谓语动词的用法讲练与定语从句巩固
重点 非谓语动词的分类及定语从句的使用
难点 非谓语动词与定语从句的灵活运用
非谓语动词
非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词,形容词或副词作用的动词形式,而不是作谓语的动词形式。
动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式。
Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用)
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ..分词起形容词作用)
He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch ...不定式起副词作用)
谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别:
1) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
Miss Mary teaches us English. 玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语)
Mr. Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. (to have a talk.... 不定式作状语)
2) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
Mike likes the pop music. (动词用单数第三人称形式)
Lucy has nothing to do today。(do 用原形)
非谓语动词的特征:
1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词,后面须跟宾语。
Studying English is my favorite.(studying 后跟宾语)
