河北省保定市三校2021届高三统一联合考试含答案

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2021年保定市第三中学高三英语第三次联考试卷及参考答案

2021年保定市第三中学高三英语第三次联考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AVienna Concerts 2021Every day, one to three dozen Vienna concerts are staged. You can use this checklist to find a fantastic Vienna concert that is worth its money.Vienna Chamber OrchestraThe Vienna Chamber Orchestra has existed for more than 70 years. The international reputation of the Vienna Chamber Orchestra is documented by worldwide tours. The length is 65 minutes.Date: 20th JuneLocation: Minoritenkirehe, Minoritenplatz 1, 1010 ViennaTickets: 30 Euros per adult and free admission for childrenVienna Philharmonic OrchestraIn 2021, famous conductor Gustavo Dudamel will lead the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. Expect an amazing show with top quality classical music and fireworks. The concert lasts one and a half hours. You have to arrive at least 20 minutes early to find a place to sit.Date: 4th and 5th OctoberLocation: Schonbrunn Palace, palace gardens, in front of Naptune fountain, Schonbrunner Schlossstrasse 47, 1130 Vienna.Tickets: 30 Euros（students, children and senior citizens will receive a 10% discount per ticket）Mozart Piano Sonatas（奏鸣曲）On Saturdays and Sundays, the St. Peter’s church opens its basement to a small group of Mozart fans. In simple but elegant surroundings, international pianists perform Mozart piano sonatas on a Steinway piano. The concerts start in the early evening and last 90 minutes.Date: throughout the yearLocation: St. Peter’s basement, Petersplatz 1, 1010 ViennaTickets: 29 Euros for adults and 16 Euros for children between 8 and 14（children below 8 can enterfor free.）Vivaldi: The Four SeasonsTo point out Vivaldi’s connection to Vienna, the Italian violinist lived in the city for some time, and eventually died there. Closer to where he was buried, the church St. Charles Borromeo regularly stages The Four Seasons, Vivaldi’s main work. The concerts start at 8:15 pm on weekends and last 60 minutes. People can arrive and enter anytime during the performance.Date: throughout the yearLocation: Church St. Charles Borromeo（Karlskirche）, Kreuzherrengase 1, 1040 ViennaTickets: 25 Euros for all ages（free cancellation 24 hours before the event）1.For a couple with their 10-year-old child, which is the cheapest?A.Mozart Piano Sonatas.B.Vienna Chamber Orchestra.C.Vivaldi: The Four Seasons.D.Vienna PhilharmonicOrchestra.2.What do the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra and Mozart Piano Sonatas have in common?A.They last one and a half hours.B.They are held in closed surroundings.C.They offer a discount for students and the aged.D.They are suitable for people who prefer pop music.3.What can we know about the concert—The Four Seasons?A.It forbids people to enter after 8:15 pm.B.It describes Vivaldi’s stories related to Vienna.C.It allows you to return your ticket for free a day in advance.D.It was created by the Church St. Charles Borromeo to memorize Vivaldi.BFor 30 years we have been told how temperatures have been rising rapidly to unheard of levels. This is causing polar ice to melt, sea-levels to rise and has brought about adangerous increase in extreme weather events. These intense climatic changes would likely present challenges to our society and environment.The causes of climate change are mainly anthropogenic (人为的) in nature. Since the industrial revolution, human activities have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The increased amount of gases which absorb heat has led to more heat being kept in the atmosphere, causing global warming.The certainty of global warming can be seen through some of the natural phenomena like the effect on crops and extreme weather conditions around the world. The most recent assessment report says that the earth’s average temperature has risen by 0. 74 degrees in the period from 1906 to 2005, and that the averagetemperature will continue to rise. There have also been more violent downpours, sea levels have risen and the ice at the world’s poles and on its mountains is melting. The rising sea level is flooding the low-lying countries inAsiaand small islands in the Pacific. This may lead to the displacement of millions of people, loss of millions of land and consequently billions of dollars.Troubled by the serious situation, world leaders came together for the 2015 United Nations (UN) Climate Change Conference inParis. The climate talks led to 196 countries reaching a landmark agreement that will, for the first time, commit nearly every country to lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions to address global climate change. That was certainly an encouraging step forward for our earth and mankind!As the world leaders continue to commit themselves to monitor our sick planet, we need to continue to take small steps to heal the world. We are left with not much of a choice. If only we could just pack our bags and migrate to Mars!4. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. The information of industrial revolution.B. The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.C. The reasons of climate change.D. The result of extreme weather events.5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. We have made great achievements.B. Some measures are still required to take.C. Mars is suitable for people’s living.D. Some countries will receive urgent aid.6. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. Long Live Planet Earth!B.Environment Changes Rapidly!C. What Serious Global Warming!D. How Important the UN Agreement Is!7. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?A. B.C. D.CRecently, I experienced a wonderful lesson in how little things still meana lot. My brother, mother and I live in Hawaii. Our farm is at least a dozen miles from even the most basic of services. Therefore, I take weekly trips to the shop to gel supplies. About a month ago, I finished loading up the car and was about to leave when a piece of paper on the ground caught my eye. I picked it up and read it carefully.Immediately, I was grateful that I had done that___4___It was a receipt (收据) from the State Motor Vehicle Division, recording the owner's payment of her Vehicle's Registration fees. I put myself in his or her shoes and thought: no one would throw this away. I looked over the receipt for any personal data, perhaps a license plate (车牌) or telephone number, but failed. How could I find the owner in the busy, crowded parking lot? Had it been lying there for a few minutes or a week? So I checked the date, the fees paid and the name of the owner, who must live in our town. I decided that the best and easiest step to take was to put the receipt in an envelope and send it to the owner first the next morning.By the end of the week, I received a beautiful “thank you” letter from a woman including a handwritten message and a card. In the letter, the woman explained how the wind took her receipt from a pocket in her car's passenger door. She had searched everywhere for quite some time before giving up.It felt great to know I had helped someone avoid a loss by doing something that seemed little and unimportant.8. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 mean?A. He was lucky to learn the lesson.B. It was a good idea to do shopping that day.C. He was right to pick up the paper.D. It turned out the paper belonged to the writer.9. What information did the writer get from the paper?A The woman's license plate number.B. The woman's phone number.C. The woman's name.D. The woman's address.10. How did the woman lose the receipt?A. She forgot where she had put it.B. A strong wind blew it away.C. It fell onto the floor.D. She left it in the parking lot.11. What can be the best title for the text?A. A Lesson I Will Never ForgetB. Never Lose Heart or Give upC. Little Things Still Mean a LotD. Think Carefully Before You ActDHappiness is not a warm phone, according to anew study exploring the link between young life satisfaction and screen time. The study was led by professor of psychology Jean M. Twenge at San Diego State University (SDSU).To research this link, Twenge, along with colleagues Gabrielle Martin at SDSU and W. Keith Campbell at the University of Georgia, dealt with data from the Monitoring the Future (MtF) study, a nationally representative survey of more than a million U. S. 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-graders. The survey asked students questions about how often they spent time on their Phones, tablets and computers, as well as questions about their face-to-face social interactions and their overall happiness.On average found that teens who spent more time in front of screen devices — playing computer games, using social media, texting and video chatting — were less happy than those who invested more time in non-screen activities like sports, reading newspapers and magazines, and face-to-face social interactions."The key to digital media use and happiness is limited use," Twenge said. "Aim to spend no more than two hours a day on digital media, and try to increase the amount of time you spend seeing friends face-to-face and exercising — two activities reliably linked to greater happiness."Looking at historical trends from the same age groups since the 1990s, it's easy to find that the increase of screen devices over time happened at the same time as a general drop-off in reported happiness inU. S.teens. Specifically, young peopled life satisfaction and happiness declined sharply after 2012. That's the year when the percentage of Americans who owned a smartphone rose above 50 percent. By far the largest change in teens' lives between 2012 and 2016 was the increase in the amount of time they spent on digital media, and the following decline in in-person social activities and sleep.12. Which method did Twenge's team use for the study?A. Calculating students' happiness.B. Asking students certain questions.C. Analyzing data from a survey.D. Doing experiments on screen time.13. How does the author develop the finding of the study in paragraph 3?A. By making a comparison.B. By giving an example.C. By making an argument.D. By introducing a concept.14. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A. To draw a conclusion from the study.B. To offer some advice to the readers.C. To prove social activities' importance.D. To support the researchers' finding.15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Quitting Phones Equals HappinessB. Screen Time Should Be BannedC. Teens' Lives Have Changed SharplyD. Screen-addicted Teens Are Unhappier第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021年河北保定市第三中学高三生物第一次联考试卷及参考答案

2021年河北保定市第三中学高三生物第一次联考试卷及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 科学家在细胞膜成分和结构的探索过程中，运用了假说，学习了“细胞膜的流动镶嵌模型”一节后，某同学作如下比喻，错误的是()A. 把静态的三维结构比作“三明治”或“三合板”B. 细胞膜流动镶嵌模型比作“枣糕”，如图1所示C. 细胞膜流动镶嵌模型比作“正在煮着的粥”，如图2所示D. 细胞膜外表面的糖蛋白比作“信号接收塔”2. 夏季晴朗的一天，甲乙两株同种植物在相同条件下CO2吸收速率的变化如图所示，下列说法正确的是A. 甲植株在a点开始进行光合作用B. 乙植株在e点有机物积累量最多C. 曲线b-c 段和d-e段下降的原因相同D. 两曲线b-d段不同的原因可能是甲植株气孔无法关闭3. 近年诞生的具有划时代意义的CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术可简单、准确地进行基因定点编辑。

其原理是由一条单链向导RNA引导核酸内切酶Cas9到一个特定的基因位点进行切割。

通过设计向导RNA中20个碱基的识别序列，可人为选择DNA上的目标位点进行切割（见下图）。

下列相关叙述错误的是（）A.Cas9蛋白由相应基因指导在核糖体中合成B. 向导RNA中的双链区遵循碱基配对原则C. 向导RNA可在逆转录酶催化下合成D. 若α链剪切点附近序列为……TCCAGAA TC……，则相应的识别序列为……UCCAGAAUC……4. 今年年初，一场冠状病毒(目前已知RNA病毒中基因组最大的病毒)引起的疫情在世界各地不断蔓延，使世界各地的人们陷入恐慌。

科学家研究证实，新型冠状病毒主要的传播途径是近距离传播，比如呼吸道飞沫传播和接触传播等。

对这种可怕病原体的描述，下列叙述正确的是（）A.该病原体为原核细胞，无细胞壁B.该病原体遗传物质中含有8种核苷酸C.新型冠状病毒不能独立存活，对高温耐受性差D.新型冠状病毒是生命系统最基本的结构层次5. 如图是根据细胞器的相似或不同点来进行分类的，下列选项中不是此图分类依据的是（）A.有无膜结构B.单层膜还是双层膜C.有无色素D.是否普遍存在于动植物细胞中6. 如图表示最适温度下反应物浓度对酶催化的化学反应速率的影响。

2021年河北省保定市第三中学高三语文联考试卷含解析

2021年河北省保定市第三中学高三语文联考试卷含解析一、现代文阅读（35分，共3题）1. 阅读下面的文字，完成（1）~（4）题。

（25分）明月寺叶弥“山上有一座明月寺，寺里头就只有住持夫妇两人。

两人本是城里人，七零年春天来的，不知道为什么要来。

来了快三十年了，从来不见有亲戚来看他们……男的叫罗师傅，女的叫薄师傅。

两个人虽说是寺院住持，但从来就是俗家打扮，一直夫妇相称。

你说奇怪不奇怪？”因了这话，我走进了竹林掩映里的明月寺。

这是一座小庙，进了门，眼前一黑，过了片刻才看清室内的陈设。

救苦救难的观音菩萨摆在屋子正中的木龛里。

薄师傅从木龛后面走出来。

一看见她，我就知道这是薄师傅。

她是个清瘦的老妇人，薄薄的身体，薄薄的头发，皮肤是暗白的，带着一点灰，与这幽暗的屋子很相配。

她的眼神很特别，清而亮。

她看人的时候，眼神专注，让人感到里面仿佛有许多要紧的内容，但仔细一看，里面什么都没有。

她看了我一眼，说道:“要不要求签?”又补充了一句:“我这寺里的签，和别处不一样，不分上中下签。

只要签上说的话对你有些用处，那就是上签。

”于是我在观音面前焚香，磕头，在竹筒里抽了一支签，上面说道:海市蜃楼过眼云烟落花流水浮生若梦我突然无可抑制地感到悲戚。

薄师傅又注意地看我一眼，说:“求签就像读书，在信与不信之间，最好。

”我问她:“那到底是信还是不信?”她素白的脸上略略有些笑容了，她说:“这个我说不清楚。

”又说，“我像你这么大的时候，也像你这样喜欢泾渭分明。

”我突然有个感觉，薄师傅以前可能是个教师，如果她是个教师的话，她一定是语文老师。

我立刻把我的感觉对薄师傅说了。

我看见她先惊后喜，喜悦之色在脸上一掠而过，代之以淡淡的悲戚。

当我陷入无言的时候，薄师傅却说话了:“我领你看我种的花去。

”薄师傅对我说，大部分是她从山上移下来的。

譬如这种花，叫“剪春罗”。

她特地用手指向我指示。

我对薄师傅说:“哦，我知道了。

‘剪春罗’里面有个‘罗’字，‘罗’，就是罗师傅--这花是你为了罗师傅种的。

2021年保定市第三中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及参考答案

2021年保定市第三中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe Internet has revolutionized our lives to such an extent (程度) that for most people, the global network has become more than just a tool but rather an important aid in everyday life. More and more people go online as wireless networks have brought the Internet closer and closer: it’s on our mobile phones, in our cars and TV sets, in hospital surgery rooms and in fishing boats that battle the waves of the Atlantic.And this revolution has brought along with it a new way of shopping. Both big and small, e-business websites have flooded the Internet by the hundreds of thousands. Anything you can buy from a brick and mortar store (实体店) you can also buy online: from food and clothes to toys, no matter what you’re looking for, you’re bound to find the right online store with just a few clicks of the mouse. You can use the Internet to find new suppliers, post buying requests or search for products and services.This revolution has affected brick and mortar business owners greatly. And what was their reaction? They’ve opened online stores to go hand in hand with their conventional business.But do the big players have reasons to be afraid? Are we going to start seeing ghostly, deserted Walmarts (沃尔玛) across the country? Probably not in the near future but the day will come when most people will just stop shopping offline anymore. A trip to Walmart wastes time, burns gas.The recent advancements in mobile technology and the introduction of mobile phones with enhanced (提高的) web capabilities have even made some people order their groceries when they get out from work and have them delivered at their doorstep by the time they get home. And as “Time is money”, this practice is lifesaving for people whowork two jobs.Technology will continue to advance and e-business will follow closely in its footsteps. Everything will become easier and less time consuming, leaving us more time to enjoy the things that really matter in life: the ones we love, our friends and hobbies.1. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?A. The popularity of mobile phones.B. The great influence of the Internet.C. The importance of the Internet.D. The function of the global network.2. In response to the threat of online business, the brick-and-mortar store owners________.A. have stopped their traditional businessB. have started their dislike of the InternetC. have established their own websiteD. have opened their online stores3. What would be the best title for the passage?A. A New Way of Shopping.B. The Internet Revolution.C. What is the Reaction to Online Shopping?D. Is Online Shopping the Future of E-business?BThe health benefits of staying active are already well-known. It can help you manage weight, keep blood sugar levels down and reduce risk factors for heart disease.Now, a new study suggests that regularly playing sports, especially badminton or tennis, is not only healthy but also reduces your risk of death, at any age, by approximately 50%. This is a big scale population study to explore the health benefits of sports in terms of death rate. The study evaluated responses from 80, 306 adults aged 30 and above inEnglandandScotland, who were surveyed about their health, lifestyle and exercise patterns.After adjusting factors such as age, sex, weight, smoking habits, alcohol use, education and other forms of exercise besidesthe named sports, the researchers compared the risk of death among people who took part in a sport to those who didn’t. The percentage of reduced risk of death was found to be: 47% for racket（球拍）sports, 28% for swimming and 15% for cycling.In addition to this, the study didn’t find any significant reduction in the risk for sports like running and football. The findings also exposed that over 44% of the participants met the guidelines for the recommended exercise levels to stay fit and healthy, which amounts to 150 minutes of moderate(适度的) physical activity in a week.Does this mean you stop running or playing football and switch to tennis instead? Every kind of sport and physical activity has different physical, social and mental benefits attached to it. The apparent lack of benefits of running and football could result from several variables that were not taken into account.Being active helps you feel happier and live longer. So, the most important step is to take part in any kind ofsport that you are likely to enjoy and follow in the long term.4. How is the study conducted?A. By doing comparative experiments.B. By analyzing previous data.C. By evaluating survey information.D. By tracking participants for a long time.5. What does the underlined part “the named sports” refer to?A. Ball sports.B. Racket sports.C. Individual sports.D. Traditional sports.6. What can we infer from paragraph 5?A. Few people will play football.B. Tennis will become more popular.C. The result of this study is wrong.D. The study needs to be further improved.7. What does the author advise people to do?A. Stick to any sport that you like.B. Play badminton and tennis only.C. Stop running and playing football.D. Do any sport according to guidelines.CThere is no such thing as a “safe" level of drinking, with increased consumption of alcohol associated with poorer brain health, according to a new study.In an observational study, which has not yet been peer-reviewed, researchers from the University of Oxford studied the relationship between the self-reported alcohol intake of some 25,000 people in the UK, and their brain scans. The researchers noted that drinking had an effect on the brain's gray matter-regions in the brain that make up "important bits where information is processed," according to leadauthor Anya Topiwala, a senior clinical researcher at Oxford.“The more people drank, the less the volume of their gray matter,“ Topiwala said via email. "Brain volume reduces with age and more severely with dementia(痴呆症).Smaller brain volume also predicts worse performance on memory testing,“ she explained. "While alcohol only made a small contribution to this(0. 8%), it was a greater contribution than other "modifiable" risk factors," she said, explaining that modifiable risk factors are “ ones you can do something about, in contrast to aging.”The team also investigated whether certain drinking patterns, beverage types and other health conditions made a difference to the impact of alcohol on brain health. They found that there was no "safe" level of drinking-meaning that consuming any amount of alcohol was worse than not drinking it. They also found no evidence that the type of drink— such as wine, spirits or beer—affected the harm done to the brain. However,certain characteristics, such as high blood pressure, obesity or binge-drinking, could put people at higher risk, researchers added.The risks of alcohol have long been known：Previous studies have found that there's no amount of liquor, wine or beer that is safe for your overall health. Alcohol was the leading risk factor for disease and premature death in men and women between the ages of 15 and 49 worldwide in 2016, accounting for nearly one in 10 deaths, according to a study published in The Lancet in 2018.“It has been known for decades that heavy drinking is bad for brain health," Sadie Boniface, head of research at the UK's Institute of Alcohol Studies, said via email. "We also shouldn't forget alcohol affects all parts of the body and there are multiple health risks. ”8. What is the function of gray matter?A. Control the mount of alcoholB. Process informationC. Scan the brainD. Predict the performance on memory9. Which is NOT true in the following statements according to the study?A. Drinking alcohol is worse than not drinking.B. With people getting older, brain volume reduces.C. Alcohol was the major risk factor for disease and premature death.D. The less people drink alcohol, the more the volume of their gray matter.10. Which is one of the "modifiable" risk factors?A. SmokingB. AgingC. DeathD. Disease11. What is the main idea of the text?A. The mount of alcohol is not related to people's health.B. People drinking alcohol do harm to their brain health.C. People drinking alcohol lead to dementia.D. Theresa great deal of liquor, wine or beer that is safe for health.DYour best friend that follows you around when the sun comes out - your shadow - doesn’t serve an important function like your heart or brain, but what if you could use shadows to create electricity? When using solar panels (电池板) that are powered by light, shadows can be boring because it means electricity can’t be created. However, researchers from the National University of Singapore have engineered a way to create power from the shadows present everywhere.A team of the university created a machine that can collect energy from shadows. It is created by placing a thin coating of gold onto silicon (硅). Like in a normal solar panel, when put in light, the silicon electrons (电子) become energized and the energized electrons then jump from the silicon to the gold. The voltage (电压) of the part of the machine that is placed in the light increases to the dark part and the electrons in the machine flow from high to low voltage. They are sent through an external circuit (外电路) creating a current that can be used to power another machine. The greater the contrast between light and dark, more energy is provided by the machine.The team isworking on improving the performance of the machine, borrowing approaches from solar panels to gather light. Increasing the amount of light the machines can receive allows them to better make use of shadows, as well as developing shadow energy collecting panels that can successfully gather from indoor lighting. The team is also researching the use of other materials other than gold to drop the price of the machine, meaning they would be more cost effective and easier to apply in society.Shadows are present everywhere and perhaps one day in the future we will be able to collect energy from them by placing the shadow-effect energy machine around the world in places that have been considered unfit for solar panels to work, or indoors. “A lot of people think that shadows are useless,” Tan says, but “anything can be useful, even shadows.”12. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?A. Your best friend always stays with you after the sunrise.B. The shadow has the same function as the heart and brain.C. Shadows can stop solar panels from creating electricity.D. Researchers have found a way to create power from shadows.13. What is the key working principle of the machine mentioned in the text?A. The silicon produces electricity when it is in the light.B. The gold produces power with the help of the silicon.C. The energized electrons flow from high to low voltage.D. An external circuit creates current using another machine.14. How does the team improve the performance of the machine?A. Using solar panels in the machine.B. Increasing the amount of light received.C. Developing light energy collecting panels.D. Bringing down the price of gold.15. Which of the following is the best place to apply the machine?A. A gym.B. A park.C. A farm.D. A playground.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021年河北保定市第三中学高三语文第四次联考试题及答案解析

2021年河北保定市第三中学高三语文第四次联考试题及答案解析一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面文字，完成各题。

金观涛先生发表了题为“反思‘人工智能革命’”的文章，文中表达的结论大致是今天面对信息文明高度繁荣的学者们的共识：科学与人文的隔阂甚至对立，对人类科技进步中社会性因素的忽视，导致了技术理性的张扬和人文精神的退化。

这个视角，从人工智能发展历史来看却似乎不成立。

在人工智能研究史上，人们对智能研究的理论基础还是比较重视的，也有过多次重大的争议和讨论，不同研究领域具有强弱各不相同的立场，从而反映出它们在智能基础问题上的重大差异。

人工智能具有工程和科学两种不同的维度，前者并不以理解人类智能为前提，主要是利用计算机、数据等资源通过算法加工来完成人类实践生活中的任务；后者则需要从人类智能原理出发来实现人工智能。

例如当前的类脑计算研究，是放弃传统的计算机，改为从结构上模仿人脑来开发芯片，从而希望从结构仿真的功能涌现中来产生智能。

对人类智能的认识是科学家当今面临的难题，在研究过程中由于对科学原理的不了解，不得不在工程上进行简化，即不对智能做任何明确的定义，而是在利用人工智能探索智能行为机制的过程中来逐步了解和解释智能的本性，这是任何具有工程和科学双重性质的技术性科学中不得不采取的务实态度，没有这种务实态度，简单地将工程实践和原理在认识论上对立起来，可能会对知识的进步产生不利影响。

人工智能虽不是理论物理学那样高度成熟和形式化的科学，不具有严密的理论形式，但是其经验性定律及其使用的概念框架、假设也是在特定的历史和文化条件中形成的。

因此当这些定律和概念框架与常识知识中的表述不一致时，往往会形成冲突，但这种冲突可以通过对其定律、理论假设和模型的科学解释，来弥补表达日常经验的常识语言与其定律解释之间的差距，从而推动人工智能学科理论的成熟。

问题是对于经验定律或理论模型的科学解释是依赖于语境和具体实践的，这种语境反映了解释者所处的历史、文化和社会背景。

2021届河北保定市第三中学高三英语第三次联考试卷及答案

2021届河北保定市第三中学高三英语第三次联考试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe COVID -19 pandemic has affected all aspects of life, including the way we travel. But for those who are looking to expand their horizons while still staying safe, the following three travel trends in 2021 may provide inspirations. Let’s take a look.StaycationWith many travel restrictions during the pandemic, people preferred traveling to nearby places in 2020. This trend continues in 2021. According to search data, 62 percent of people are interested in taking a vacation within driving distance of home. People who live in large cities want to get back in touch with nature. Travelers are looking for places different from their everyday accommodations, for example, farm stays, villas and cottages.Pod travelWhile 2020 saw a rise in solo travel and isolated adventures, 2021 shows that people want to be more connected. “Pod travel”, or gathering in isolated spaces with loved ones, is growing in popularity. 85 percent of survey respondents favor traveling with family or friends, and over half of the trips searched include three or more people. Pod travel is here to stay for those who want to safely be together while reducing risks associated with socializing with others.Remote working and travelingMany people worked and learned from home in 2020 because of the pandemic. Remote working blurs the line between working and traveling. There was a 128 percent increase in the mention of phrases such as “relocation”, “relocate”, “remote work” and “trying a new neighborhood”. People are actively booking longer stays (e. g. two plus week trips) in small to mid—size cities with access to immersive natural surroundings and wide—open spaces.1.What can we learn about Staycation?A.Travelling to the countryside.B.Taking an isolated adventure.CHaving holidays in nearby places. D.Staying indoors all by oneself.2.What’s special about Pod travel?A.Traveling alone.B.Traveling far away.C.Traveling while working.D.Traveling with loved ones.3.Where might we find the text in a magazine?A.Medicine.cation.C.TourismD.Career.BI waschecking out at the supermarket counter on Wednesday night, ready to pay for my bananas, when all ofa sudden, fear came upon me. My wallet was gone. And I could only have left it one place: the G9 bus, from which I had gotten off minutes earlier and which was now speeding to some stops. The moment of realizing it was gone was followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the credit cards, the driver's license, the expensive lipstick ($ 55!).Two hours after I was back at my house, I heard a knock on the door. My husband answered while I sat in the dining room on the phone with a credit card company. "Does Jennifer live here?" I heard someone say. In her hand was my wallet, without a penny missing. She left before I could offer my gratitude to her.After I posted the story, I heard from her boyfriend, who identified the good citizen as Erin Ball, a 26-year-old girl working for a trade organization.Once I figured out her, I called to thank her. She said she spotted my wallet and thought that it's more dangerous to go to a stranger's house than leaving the wallet with the driver, but she still decided to take the chance. "If I were in that situation, I would want someone to try to find me," she said. Ball doesn't find her actions particularly excellent. She added, "It's not hard to do small things for people."After Ball found my wallet, she decided to post a picture of my driver's license online before going to my house, trying to see if anyone knew me. No sooner had she left my doorstep than I got emails from two neighbors who recognized my face, both offering to help me find my missing property.Ball found my house on a bitterly cold night,for which I was extremely grateful. Looking back, I'm not surprised someone had wanted to help a stranger. A warm current of honesty and harmony is running through this town.4. What do we know about the author according to paragraph 1?A. She missed the G9 bus.B. She paid for her bananas.C. She replaced the credit cards.D. She found she had left her wallet on the bus.5. Who helped the author find Ball?A. The G9 driver.B. The girl's boyfriend.C. The author's neighbors.D. The author's husband.6. What did Ball do first after finding the wallet?A. Ball called the author.B. Ball went to the author's house.C. Ball gave the wallet to the bus driver.D. Ball posted a photo of the author's driving license.7. Which of the following best describes Erin Ball?A. Humorous and kind.B. Generous and demanding.C. Honest and warm-hearted.D. Caring and outgoing.CThe cumulative rainfall in Henan province during the four days was the highest since the province has records, the provincial meteorological service said. The rain was heaviest in the provincial capital, Zhengzhou, for a short period on Monday and Tuesday. Northern, western and central parts of Henan also experienced downpours, the service said. Zhengzhou's biggest one-hour precipitation (降水量) —201.9 mmbetween 4 and 5 pm on Tuesday—was also the highest on the Chinese mainland. The previous record was 198.5 mmin the village of Linzhuang in Zhumadian in August 1975, the National Meteorological Center said. The city's precipitation duringthe four days exceeded that of its average annual precipitation, the center said.Chen Tao, chief forecaster at the National Meteorological Center, said abundant water vapor (水蒸气) brought by Typhoon In-Fa and the province's special geographical features led to Henan's rain. “Partly affected by the typhoon, large amounts of water vapor have been transported to China's inland areas, including Henan,” he said.From Thursday to Monday, rain was forecast to continue in Henan. However, rainfall will gradually subside in Zhengzhou and the province's northern and central regions, though the storms will increase the risk of mountain torrents and other geological disasters. By Monday, lighter rain is forecast for parts of Henan, the provincialweather service said. However, local authorities are still urged to bevigilantand prepare to prevent or cope with flooding and other possible disasters.Predicting such weather events remains a challenge worldwide because it involves many meteorological phenomena, the center said. “The formation of this kind of extreme weather, including rainstorms and high temperatures, is complex,” Chen said. “We still lack effective solutions and methods for such forecasting”, he said. “We are now putting a lot of effort into tackling the difficulty. We believe that as the technology improves, we can better forecast the events.”8. What message does the author mainly want to convey in the first paragraph?A. heavy rain fell in Zhengzhou.B. The rain in Henan lasted four days.C. Zhumadian also suffered the similar heavy rain.D. Henan experienced the biggest rainfall of all time.9. What can be indicated from Chen Tao's words?A. It is not easy to forecast the extreme weather.B The rain of Henan is mainly caused by Typhoon In-Fa.C. The center hasn't put a lot of effort into solving the problem.D. Rainstorms and high temperatures can account for the heavy rain.10. What does the underlined word “vigilant” probably mean?A. Relaxed.B. Alert.C. Reluctant.D. Communicative.11. Where might the text be most probably taken from?A. history book.B. A novel.C. A news report.D. A science magazine.DWhy isn’t science better? Look at career incentive(激励).There are oftensubstantial gaps between the idealized and actual versions of those people whose work involves providing a social good. Government officials are supposed to work for their constituents. Journalists are supposed to provide unbiased reporting and penetrating analysis. And scientists are supposed to relentlessly probe the fabric of reality with the most rigorous and skeptical of methods.All too often, however, what should be just isn’t so. In a number of scientific fields, published findings turn out not toreplicate(复制), or to have smaller effects than, what was initially claimed. Plenty of science does replicate — meaning the experiments turn out the same way when you repeat them -but the amount thatdoesn’t is too much for comfort.But there are also waysin which scientists increase their chances of getting it wrong. Running studies with small samples, mining data for correlations and forming hypotheses to fit an experiment’s results after the fact are just some of the ways to increase the number of false discoveries.It’s not like we don't know how to do better. Scientists who study scientific methods have known about feasible remedies for decades. Unfortunately, their advice often falls ondeaf ears.Why? Why aren't scientific methods better than they are? In a word: incentives. But perhaps not in the way you think.In the 1970s, psychologists and economists began to point out the danger in relying on quantitative measures for social decision-making. For example, when public schools are evaluated by students’ performance on standardized tests, teachers respond by teaching “to the test”. In turn, the test serves largely as of how well the school can prepare students for the test.We can see this principle—often summarized as “when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure”—playing out in the realm of research. Science is a competitive enterprise. There are far more credentialed (授以证书的) scholars and researchers than there are university professorships or comparably prestigious research positions. Once someone acquires a research position, there is additional competition for tenure grant funding, and support and placement for graduate students. Due to this competition for resources, scientists must be evaluated and compared. How do you tell if someone is a good scientist?An oft-used metric is the number of publications one has in peer-reviewed journals, as well as the status of those journals. Metrics like these make it straightforward to compare researchers whose work may otherwise be quite different. Unfortunately, this also makes these numbers susceptible to exploitation.If scientists are motivated to publish often and in high-impact journals, we might expect them to actively try to game the system. And certainly, some do—as seen in recent high-profile cases of scientific fraud(欺诈). If malicious fraud is the prime concern, then perhaps the solution is simply heightened alertness.However, most scientists are, I believe, genuinely interested in learning about the world, and honest. The problem with incentives is that they can shape cultural norms without any intention on the part of individuals.12. Which of the following is TRUE about the general trend in scientific field?A. Scientists are persistently devoted to exploration of reality.B. The research findings fail to achieve the expected effect.C. Hypotheses are modified to highlight the experiments' results.D. The amount of science that does replicate is comforting.13. What doesdeaf earsin the fourth paragraph probably refer to?A. The public.B. The incentive initiators.C. The peer researchers.D. The high-impact journal editors.14. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?A. Good scientists excel in seeking resources and securing research positions.B. Competition for resources inspires researchers to work in a more skeptical way.C. All the credentialed scholars and researchers will not take up university professorships.D. The number of publication reveals how scientists are bitterly exploited.15. According to the author, what might be a remedy for the fundamental problem in scientific research?A. High-impact journals are encouraged to reform the incentives for publication.B. The peer-review process is supposed to scale up inspection of scientific fraud.C. Researchers are motivated to get actively involved in gaming the current system.D. Career incentives for scientists are expected to consider their personal intention.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021年保定市第三中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案

2021年保定市第三中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ANothing beats live music, but the venue makes a difference. When you're able to score tickets to an incredible concert in an incredible place, you won't forget the experience. Here are some of the coolest music venues from around the world. If you haven't been to any of these, you've got some traveling to do.Red Rocks, Morrison, the United StatesRed Rocks might be the most beautiful and famous venue in the United States. At 6,450 feet above sea level, Red Rocks is a geologically formed natural stage. Its massive sandstone provides a perfect stage for jam bands. If you're into the blues and jazz, you'll have no trouble finding something in line with your interests.Meet Factory, Prague, Czech RepublicSmallest venues on this list, Meet Factory is an art gallery, theater, and music venue. The venue only accommodates 1,000 people, so you won't see any huge names come through. Still, it's a great place to see up-and-coming local acts, and if you've got an eye for contemporary art, you'll love your time here.Arena of NÎmes, NÎmes, FranceOriginally built around A. D. 70, the Arena of Nimes presents concertgoers with an interesting question: Should they enjoy the music, or marvel at the architecture? The Arena is, after all, one of the world's best-preserved Roman theaters. Many major touring acts plan stops at the Arena of Nimes, especially during the venue's annual festival.Sydney Opera House, Sydney, AustraliaThe Sydney Opera House is one of the world's most famous performing venues. I's also one of the most distinctive buildings in Sydney, thanks to the breathtaking design by Danish architect Utzon. It hosts about 40 events per week, so whether you're into jazz, rock, classical music, or opera, you'll find something to watch.1.Where can you enjoy music in natural beauty?A.At Red Rocks.B.At Meet Factory.C.At Arena of Nimes.D.At Sydney Opera House.2.What is special about Meet Factory?A.It enjoys breathtaking scenery.B.It hosts both musical and artistic events.C.It is the largest venue of all.D.It is famous for contemporary music.3.What do the listed music venues have in common?A.They have a long history.B.They are built near the sea.C.They accommodate thousands of people.D.They are beautiful tourist attractions.BAs we all know, there are plenty of different parks to visit in theUK. All theme parks inBritainhave cafes, restaurants, picnic areas and gift shops, so you'll still have plenty to see and do when you and the kids have been on enough rides. There are usually smaller “funfair“ rides and games as well, so younger children won't get bored. Several theme parks also have other attractions next to them, e. g. water parks often open all year round, unlike the theme parks.Whenever you are inBritain, there's likely to be a theme park within one or two hours,drive, bus ride or train journey. Several theme parks even have accommodation(膳宿)so you can stay for a day or two if you want to make a trip into a short holiday.Prices forUKtheme parks vary considerably; some have an entrance price which allows you to go on all the rides, while in others you have to pay for every ride individually. It can also make a difference whether you go during peak time or not. For example, tickets always cost more during school holidays and weekends than they do during the weekdays.Theme parks always get very busy during the summer months, so if you don't like crowds ifs usually a good idea to go earlier or later in the year!If you're thinking of visiting aUKtheme park, it's worth having a look for special offers on tickets. Products such as chocolate bars and cereals sometimes have " buy one get one free" offers on theme park tickets, so keep a look out in shops and supermarkets.4. This passage mainly talks about all the following EXCEPT.______.A. things to doB. prices for theme parksC. rules to obeyD. special offers5. If you go to the theme park during the weekdays, you'll probably.______.A. have to spend moreB. save some moneyC. win a big prizeD. get something free6. According to the passage, what should you do if you are tired of crowds in the theme park?A. Avoid the busiest months.B. Go earlier or later in the daytime.C. Choose one with few visitors.D. Go there when no one is in it.7. The best title for the text would be ______.A. What to Do in the Theme ParkB. Theme Parks in theUKC. Visiting the Theme ParkD. Introduction to Famous Theme ParksCSix Neanderthals who lived in what is now France were eaten by their fellow Neanderthals some 100,000 years ago, according to fearful evidence of the cannibalistic (食人的) event discovered by scientists in a cave in the 1990s. Now, researchersmay have figured out why the Neanderthals, including two children, became victims of cannibalism: Global warming.While previous studies have examined Neanderthal remains to find proof of cannibalistic behavior, this is the first study to offer clues as to what may have led Neanderthals to become cannibals. Scientists found that rapid changes in local ecosystems as the planet warmed may have wiped out the animal species that Neanderthals ate, forcing them to look elsewhere to fill their stomachs.The researchers examined a layer of sediment (沉积物) in a cave known as Baume Moula-Guercy, in southeastern France. In that layer, charcoal (碳) and animal bones were so well-preserved that scientists could reconstruct an environmental picture representing 120,000 to 130,000 years ago. They discovered that the climate in the area was likely even warmer than it is today, and that the change from a cold, dry climate to a warmer one happened quickly. “Maybe within a few generations”, study co-author Emmanuel said. As the animals that once populated the landscape disappeared, some Neanderthals ate what they could find — their neighbors.Cannibalism is by no means unique to Neanderthals, and has been practiced by humans and their s “from the early Palaeolithic to theBronze Age and beyond,” the study authors reported. The behavior adopted by the starving Neanderthals in the Baume Moula-Guercy should therefore not be viewed as “a mark of bestiality (兽性) or sub-humanity”, but as an emergency adaptation to a period of severe environmental stress, according to the study.8. What does the study mainly focus on?A. The social behavior of Neanderthals.B. The reason for cannibalism among Neanderthals.C. The climate change in southeasternFrance.D. The influence of global warming on ancient animals.9. What can possibly be used to describe the climate in southeasternFrance120,000 to 130,000 years ago?A. It was no warmer than it is today.B. It was first warm while later cold and dry.C. Its change was mild and went through quite a long process.D. Its change is a chief factor contributing to cannibalism.10. Which of the following might the study authors agree with?A. Neanderthals’ cannibalism showed their bestiality.B. Cannibalism was actually a measure the Neanderthals had to adopt to survive.C. Neanderthals’ cannibalism guaranteed their rule over other tribes.D. Only Neanderthals were found to have cannibalism in human history.11. Where can you most possibly find this passage?A. In a science journal.B. In a travel brochure.C. In a history book.D. In a geography book.DIn the U. S., speaking more than one language fluently is not very common except in Los Angeles, California.The city has one of the largest population in the U. S. of young people between the ages of 18 and 34. This generation is often called millennials (新千年一代). More than half of millennials in Los Angeles are bilingual (双语的), which means they speak more than one language.Maria Elena Burgos is cooking a Mexican breakfast. She says making Mexican food is just one of the many traditions in her home. Another is speaking Spanish to her children.“We want them to be bilingual. We want to keep the Spanish somewhere in their learning too, not only at home.”When Ms Burgos first came to the United States from Mexico, she learned English. She knew her children would learn English quickly. So she wanted them to speak Spanish at home and study the language at school.She says being bilingual will give them more opportunities in the future. Knowing Spanish also means the children can talk with their s in Mexico.“When we had our children, one of the decisions we as parents made was to name them with a name that was easily pronounced in English and Spanish.”Elizabeth wants to know her family’s culture.” “The culture-to go back to our roots because that’s part of whowe are.”Monica wants to pass on the culture to her children“It’s nice to know our culture and then to be able to pass it onto our children and grand-children and everyone to let them know where we come from.”And, Monica says she does not speak only English and Spanish. She has even learned some Korean in school.12. Which of the following is a tradition of Maria?A. Cooking breakfast for her s.B. Talking with her children in Spanish.C. Talking with her s in Spanish.D. Forcing her children to speak Spanish.13. What can be inferred from Monica’s words?A. She doesn’t care where she comes from.B. She looks forward to learning Spanish.C. Everyone should know his own culture.D. She doesn’t like American culture.14. Which of the following is mentioned about children speaking more languages?A. It can give children more chances in the future.B. It can make children feel proud before their friends.C. It can give the children a chance to go to a good college.D. It can let children go to the places where they want to go.15. What’s the main purpose of this passage?A. To entertain the readers with a funny story.B. To inform the readers of a shocking experiment result.C. To encourage more persons to learn a second language.D. To tell a truth that many people in Los Angeles are bilingual.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021届保定市第三中学高三英语第一次联考试题及参考答案

2021届保定市第三中学高三英语第一次联考试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAQUILA Children’s Magazine is the most intelligent read for curious kids. Full of enthusiastic articles and challenging puzzles, every issue covers science, history and general knowledge. AQUILA is a quality production, beautifully illustrated with contemporary artwork throughout.● Intelligent reading for 8-12 year-olds● Cool science and challenging projects● Inspires self-motivated learning● Exciting new topic every issueAQUILA is created and owned by an independent UK company. It has 28 pages,printed on high-quality paper and there are no advertisements or posters. Instead it is full of well-written articles, thought-provoking ideas and great contemporary artwork. Each monthly issue is centred around a new topic.AQUILA works as a superb learning extension to current primary (or KS2 and KS3) curriculum (课程), but it is much more than that! Entertaining and always surprising, AQUILA is recommended because it widens children’s interest and understanding, rather than encouraging them to concentrate only on their favourite subjects. It gives children a well-rounded understanding of the world, in all its complexity.The concepts in AQUILA can be challenging, requiring good comprehension and reading skills. 8 years is usually a good age to start. Some gentle interest from an adult is often helpful at the start.In 2020 AQUILA will have been in publication for 28 years, but it has never appeared in newsstands or shops. We are subscription only.AQUILA SubscriptionUK: 12 Months £55 - 4 Months £30Europe: 12 Months £60 -4 Months £35World: 12 Months £70 - 4 Months £35BirthdaysSelect the Birthday option, write a gift message and choose the birthday month. We will dispatch to arrive at the start of the month you have entered. The package posts in a blue envelope marked ‘Open on your birthday’.1.What is special about AQUILA?A.It is available in shops.B.It is for kids of all ages.C.It has no advertisements.D.It prints readers’ artworks.2.What does AQUILA offer its readers?A.Articles on modern art.B.Family reading materials.C.Ideas on improving readingskills.D.Knowledge beyond school subjects.3.AQUILA is intended for ________.A.foreign language learnersB.children with learning difficultiesC.parent-child reading loversD.curious kids with good comprehensionBMasks that helped save lives during the Covid-19 pandemic（疫情）are proving a deadly risk for wildlife, with birds and sea creatures trapped in many facial coverings in animal habitats.Single-use masks have been found on the ground, waterways and beaches worldwide since countries required（heir use in public places to slow the pandemic's spread. Worn once, the thin protective materials can take hundreds of years to break down. "Face masks aren't going away any time soon-but when we throw them away, these items can harm the environment and the animals who share our planet," Ashley from anima! rights group PETA said.Monkeys have been found playing with used masks in the hills outsideMalaysia's capitalKuala Lumpur. And in an incident inBritain, a seagull was saved inChelmsfordafter its legs got caught in an abandoned mask for a week.However, the biggest influence is in the water. More than 1.5 billion masks made their way into the world's oceans last year, accounting for around 6200 extra tons of ocean plastic pollution, according to environmental group OceansAsia. “Masks and gloves are particularlyproblematicfor sea creatures," says George Leonard, chief scientist from NGO. "When those plastics break down in the environment, they form smaller and smaller particles （颗粒）.Those particles then enter the food chain and influence the entire ecosystem,“ he added.Campaigners have urged people to deal with masks properly after using them. OceansAsia has also called on governments to increase punishment for littering and encourage the use of washable masks.4. What bring（s）a great danger to wildlife now?A. Waste masks.B. Covid-19.C. Polluted water.D. Damaged habitats.5. What does the underlined word “problematic”in paragraph 4 mean?A. Important.B. Attractive.C. Common.D. Troubling.6. What can we infer from the text?A. Monkeys learned to wear masks from humans.B. Plastics are less harmful after becoming particles.C. Used masks have a worse effect on sea creatures.D. Waste masks arc the main ocean plastic pollution.7. How should we solve the problem from the last paragraph?A. Keep masks after they' re used.B. Call on governments to stop littering.C. Punish those who wear single-use masks.D. Put used masks in the recycling box.CNowadays organic food hasbecome a fashion. Organic food sales reached a record of $ 45.2 billion in 2017, making it one of the fastest-growing parts of American agriculture. Some people may buy organic food for these reasons like resource cycling and biodiversity, but most people may choose organic food because they think it's healthier. While a small number of studies have shown relationships between eating organic food and reducing risks of being ill, no studies, up to now, have answered the question whether eating organic food can improve health.According to the United States Department of Agriculture(USDA), organic food does not suggest anything about health. In 20155 Miles McEvoy, then chief of the National Organic Program for the USDA, refused to admit any health benefits of organic food, saying the question has nothing to do with the National Organic Program. Instead, the USDA thinks that organic refers to a production method that increases cycling of resources keeps ecological balance, and protects biodiversity.I'm an environmental health scientist who has spent over 20 years studying pesticides that do harm to human beings. Several years ago, I was part of the study on whether an organic diet can reduce pesticide exposure. Thisstudy focused on a group of pesticides which have always been harmful to children's brain development. We found that children who ate traditional diets had nine times higher exposure to these pesticides than children who ate organic diets.Last month, I published a small study that suggested a path forward to answering the question whether eating organic food actually improves health. My study got a lot of attention. While the results were novel, they didn't answer the big question. As I toldThe New York Timesin 2003, “What does this really mean for the safety of my kids? But we don't know. Nobody does. It was true then, and it's still true now.”8. Why do most people prefer to buy organic food?A. For its health benefits.B. For biodiversity.C. For its delicious taste.D. For resource cycling.9. What does the USDA suggest about organic food?A. It can improve people's health.B. It is produced in an environment-friendly way.C. It can reduce risks of being ill.D. It has nothing to do with the National Organic Program.10. What can be concluded from the author's study?A. Pesticides don't harm children's brain.B. Traditional diets benefit people's health.C. Organic diets can reduce pesticide exposure.D. The results are meaningful to children's safety.11. What is the best title for the text?A.What Is Organic Food?B. Is Organic Food Healthier?C. How Should We Avoid Pesticides?D. What Are the Benefits of Organic Food?DIn ancient times, Chinese used plant leaves or bird feathers as a fan during the summer time. This was the earliest form of the fan. The first real fan was made back in the era of Yao and Shun period thousands of years ago. Since then,Chinese-made fans have become a vital part of Chinese art and culture. At the beginning, the fan functioned as a tool to generate a current of air in the hot weather. Now electric fans such as ceiling fans and other technological breakthroughs have taken the place.Long ago, fans caught the attention of ancient Chinese artists by chance. Thereafter, a unique fan art gradually took shape in the history of Chinese culture. Fan art usually includes Chinese calligraphy, paintings, or poems on the sectors（扇区）. Special skills are needed to write or paint on them.Due to its history and partly because of its unique shape, Chinese would soon develop the tradition of using fans as ornaments（装饰品）. Fans are made in different sizes and different color1 s to meet the needs of eachrequest. Other Chinese ornaments, such as the Chinese knot, the green jade, and the Spring Festival picture, are often combined in each design.The value of fans depends mainly on the materials used and the level of craftsmanship that is involved during the process. Feather, paper, jade, bamboo and silk have all been used as ideal materials to make fans. Ancient Chinese even made iron fans to serve as deadly weapons（武器）in Chinese martial arts. Fans made by famous craftsmen are often characterized by pretty designs and detailed workmanship, and thus become favorites of collectors. Fans with masterpiece fine art like calligraphy or paintings are even more valuable.12.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The origin of fans.B. The materials of fans.C. The popularity of fans.D. The production of fans.13. Why do Chinese use fans as ornaments?A. They are made of valuable materials.B. They reflect the beauty of Chinese culture.C. They convey literature works on the sectors.D. They are often combined with other ornaments.14. Which of the following makes a fan favored by most collectors?A. Its advanced function.B. Its complex character.C. Its artistic handicraft.D. Its various applications.15. What can we infer about the fan from the text?A. Chinese send fans to their friends as gifts.B. Chinese ornaments can meet different requests.C. Traditional fans have lost their functional value.D. The fan plays different roles with the change of time.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021届保定市第三中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案解析

2021届保定市第三中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AMy Biggest ChallengeAs a writer on an adventure sports magazine, I’dalways fought shy of doing the adventurous stuff myself, preferring instead to observe the experts from a safe distance and relay their experiences to readers in the form of written language. Thus, when I was challenged to take part in a mountain climb in aid of raising money for charity-and to write about it afterwards-I was unwilling, to say the least.I was lucky enough to have a brilliant climbing coach called Keith, who put me through my paces after my daily work. He gave me knowledge about everything from the importance of building muscle groups to how to avoid tiredness through nutrition. It quickly became apparent that the mechanics of climbing were more complex than I had imagined. There was the equipment and techniques I’d never even heard of, all of which would come in handy on the snow-capped peak I’d be climbing.Aware of the challenge, Keith made a detailed action plan and I forced myself to stick to it, doing a daily workout at the gym and going on hikes with a heavy pack. I perfected my technique on the climbing wall and even went to climb the mountains to get vital experience. My self-belief increased alongside my muscle power and I became confident about finishing the climb.All too soon I was on a plane to my destination. On that day, when I looked up at the mountain, I thought of abandoning it. But then I remembered all the hard work I’d done and how disappointed Keith would be if I gave up at the last minute-not to mention letting down the charity and the sense of failure I’d experience myself. With a deep breath I gathered my equipment and headed out into the sunshine to meet the rest of the group.And as I sit here now, tapping away on my laptop, I’m amazed at the details in which I can recall every second of the climb: the burning muscles, the tiredness, the minor problems along the way. Could I have been better prepared? Possibly. Would I be back for another go? Thankfully not. The feeling of being excited when I stood on top of the world is a never-to-be-repeated experience but one I will enjoy forever nevertheless.1. At the beginning of the activity, the author revealed his ______.A. disappointment in the coming adventure.B. expectation of writing about his experience.C. lack of enthusiasm for the challenge he’d been offered.D. curiosity about taking part in the mountain climb for charity.2. What did the author realise during his climb training?A. The knowledge about climbing was really confusing.B. The equipment was the key factor to reach the peak.C. Climbing was much more complicated than expected.D. Hard training was far more important than making plans.3. How did the author feel after he succeeded in climbing the mountain?A. He was relieved that he wouldn’t have to do it again.B. He was well satisfied that he had done his best for it.C. He was surprised that he had managed to complete it.D.He was regretful that it wasn’t as smooth as imagined.BRecently, I read about a promotion from a home builder in San Diego where consumers (消费者) could buy a 4,000 square foot house for $1.6 million and get a smaller home bythe developer valued at $400 thousand for free. This sounds like a fantastic deal, but I am alwayswary ofany promotion labeled (给……加标签) with“buy one get one free”, and here is why.Oftentimes, “buy one get one free” ends up being “buy two at the regularprice”. For example, I often see “buy one get one free” ads for orange juice at the supermarket, but the first box always costs over $5.00. At the same time, the juices not in the promotion are selling for $2.50 to $2.99 a box.Another problem with “buy one get one free” is that oftentimes you do not need the second item. I only consume one gallon of milk every two weeks. If I were talked into buying a second gallon in a “buy one get one free” promotion, then the second gallon would go bad before I have time to consume it. That creates waste instead of savings.In the case of theSan Diegodeveloper, so far they have received one offer on their expensive houses, but the buyer does not want the cheaper house for free. Instead, he wants the value of the smaller home taken away from his purchase price. I think this guy is quite wise because he saw right through the marketing of “buy one get one free”.Finally, it is up to you to see how much you need and how much you are willing to spend. Knowing the regular price of things also helps you in deciding whether a “buy one get one free” promotion is truly a great deal.4. What does the underlined part “wary of” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. annoyed atB. careful aboutC. familiar withD. puzzled about5. Why does the author mention milk in Paragraph 3?A. To show that there are many promotions of food.B.To suggest that people think twice before they shop.C. To prove that the second item isn’t always as good as the first one.D. To show that people often buy more than they need in the promotion.6. What does the house buyer want to do?A. Buy the smaller house only.B. Get the smaller house for free.C. Buy the larger house for $1.2 million.D. Buy both the larger and smaller houses for $2 million.7. How does the author organize the text?(P: Paragraph)A. B. C. D.CWhen Rich Jean wanted to help his daughter, Abigail, learn to read, he took her to the library near their home in Brooklyn, N. Y. That's where they met Hasina Islam, who Jean says arose her interest in reading and the library.“You see what you started? You see that spark that you put in this child?” Jean told Hasina Islam at aStoryCorpsconversation in 2016. At the time, Abigail was 7 and Islam was 27. Their friendship began when Abigail was 3. Through the years, Islam has offered book suggestions that Abigail has read with great enthusiasm. “What's cool is that Hasina has recommended a lot of books that I, at the time, thought might be a little too advanced for you," Jean told Abigail. “Like Charlie and the Chocolate Factory." Abigail said.Islam's own love of the library was sparked when she was in the third grade. She lived near the main branch of the Queens Public Library in New York City, and she went there to research Henry Hudson, an English explorer,for a school project."The librarian made me feel so special. She remembered my name, and my favorite thing was that she gave me book recommendations," she said." When I was graduating from college, I thought about how I was going to make a difference in the world. And I remembered my librarian，and I remembered that feeling that she gave me every single time I went to the library. ”8. When might Abigail and Hasina Islam first meet?A. In 2012.B. In 2016.C. In 2018.D. In 2020.9. What do we know about Charlie and the Chocolate Factory from the text?A. It was Islam's favorite book.B. It might be hard for Abigail.C. It was a best seller at that time.D. It was important for Abigail.10. How did Hasina Islam help Abigail?A. By offering books to her.B. By reading together with her.C. By giving advice on books.D. By introducing great libraries.11. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A. Islam's special college life.B. Islam's working experiences.C Islam's living conditions. D. Islam's reasons for loving library.DSaroo Brierley, a 4-year-old boy, livedin ruralIndia. One day, he played with his brother along the rail line and fell asleep. When he woke up, he found himself alone. So he got on the train in front of him to search for his brother.That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a totally strange city. He lived on the streets, and then in an orphanage (孤儿院), where he was adopted by an Australian family and taken to Tasmania.Brierley is a famous writer now, and in his new book,A Long Way Home, he wrote he couldn’t help but wonder about his hometown back inIndia. He remembered landmarks, but since he didn’t know his town’s name, finding a small neighborhood in a vast country seemed impossible.Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program’s satellite pictures. In 2011, he came across something familiar. He studied it and realized he was looking at a town’s central business district from a bird’s-eye view. He thought, “On the right-hand side you should see the three-platform train station”—and there it was. “And on the left-hand side you should see a big fountain”—andthere it was. Everything matched!Standing in front of the house where he grew up as a child, he saw a lady standing at the entrance. It took him a few seconds but he finally remembered what she used to look like.In an interview Brierley says, “My mother came forth and walked forward, and I walked forward, my eyes filled with tears and my brain blank. I just didn’t know what to say, because I never thought seeing my mother would ever come true. And here I am, standing in front of her.”12. Why did Brierley get on the train when he was a little boy?A. To go back to his home.B. To look for his brother.C. To travel toTasmania.D. To follow a stranger.13. What made it difficult for Brierley to find his hometown?A. The vast area ofIndia.B. The fact that he was nobody then.C. His not remembering the town’s name.D. The distance betweenAustraliaand his hometown.14. How did Brierley find his hometown?A. By studying digital maps.B. By analyzing old pictures.C. By travelling all aroundIndia.D. By spreading his story via his book.15. What’s the best title of the passage?A. Love for MotherB. Union with BrotherC. Memory of HometownD. Long Way back Home第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021年保定市第三中学高三英语第三次联考试卷及答案

2021年保定市第三中学高三英语第三次联考试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABird migration is described as the regular, seasonal movement of bird populations from one place to another and back again.The longer days and rich food of the northern summer provide greater chances for birds to feed their young. The longer daylight hours and enormous food resources allow birds to lay larger eggs than those of related non-migratory species that remain in the tropics all year round. As the days shorten in autumn and the breeding period is over, the birds return to warmer regions where the available food supply differs little with the seasons changing. The advantages of migration make up for the high stress, physical exertion（消耗）, and other risks of the migration.Day length is the primary environmental factor that encourages birds to prepare for migration. They have an increased appetite which results in weight gaining, giving them the fat reserves that provide energy for their migratory flight. They also show more activity at night, which is when most birds migrate. While the length of day is the primary reason for migration, birds also respond to temperature changes. For example, if a spring is late and the temperature is lower than normal, birds delay migration; if a spring is early, birds also begin migration early.The timing of the migratory cycle must allow birds to arrive on the breeding site so that there is time tobuild a breeding place, mate, lay the eggs, and hatch the young before the rich food is available to feed the young in the nest. Similarly, if birds wait until the climate in their northern breeding grounds becomes tolerable(可忍受的), there will be no time togain the necessary weight that provides the energy needed for their southbound migration.1. Why do birds migrate to the north in spring?A The temperature in the south has risen.B. They like traveling and enjoy the journey.C. The summer there is warmer than that in the south.D. The environment there is more suitable for them to feed their baby birds.2. What are the two factors that cause birds to migrate?A. Day length and food supply.B. Night length and high stress.C. Temperature changes and daylength.D. Food supply and temperature changes.3. Which can be the best title for the text?A. Birds' LifeB. Birds' MigrationC. Birds' Breeding HabitsD. Birds' Living EnvironmentBAbout a billion birds die from flying into buildings each year inNorth America. Suspicions havebeen that birds may regard the open areas behind glass as safe passageways. Or they may mistake the reflected trees for the real thing.Researchers would like to reduce collisions, which requires a solid understanding about what makes a bird more or less likely to die by crashing into a building in the first place.“There was ly little known at a broad scale. Previous studies were at one small study site.'' Jared Elmore, a graduate student in natural resource ecology and management atOklahomaStateUniversity. So he and his colleagues used a previously created data set of building collisions for birds at 40 sites throughoutMexico,Canadaand theU.S.The first finding was obvious: bigger buildings with more glass kill more birds. But the details were more remarkable. "We found that life history predicted collisions. Migrants(候鸟), insect-eaters and woodland-inhabiting species collided more than their counterparts(同类).”Most migratory species travel at night, when lights near buildings can distract or disorient(使迷失方向)them. And Elmore thinks that insect-eating birds might be attracted to buildings because their insect prey(猎物)is attracted to the lights. He suspects that woodland species get tooled by the reflections of trees and bushes in the windows. The results are in the journal Conservation Biology.By understanding which birds are more likely to collide with buildings, researchers can perhaps determine the best way to adapt buildings, or their lighting, to help prevent such accidents. And by knowing risks, along with migration timing and behavior, building managers can better predict when birds are at their greatest danger - and improve lighting strategics accordingly.Elmore's next project will use radar to help predict bird migrations. " I think that would maybe go a long wayin terms of providing information to people, to the public, to building managers, on when they can get the most benefit in terms of lights-out policies."4. What is the possible reason for birds' crashing into buildings?A. They didn't see the buildings.B. They took reflections for reality.C. They assumed the windows to be open.D. They considered buildings as safe routes.5. What is Jared Elmore's study different from the previous ones?A. It created a new data set.B. It went beyond national borders.C. It covered a wider range of sites.D. I’ll studied some specific bird species.6. What was the most noticeable finding of Jared Elmore's study?A. Migratory species travel at night.B. Birds tend to be misled by glasses.C. Bigger buildings cause more collisions.D. Birds living habits give rise to collisions.7. Which of the following can help reduce bird collision?A. Adjust the lightening system.B. Attach radars to each building.C. Adopt strict lights-out policies.D. Ban using glasses on buildings.CMusic is said to be a universal language. But for Chase Burton, a deaf filmmaker fromTexas, music has always been a totally different experience.“When I was a kid, I’d lie on the floor so I could feel the vibrations (震动，颤动) from my brother’s band rocking out below my body, ” the 33-year-old man said. “That was one of the first times I began building a relationship with music.”In 2016, his ability to experience music changed dramatically, thanks to California-based technology company Not Impossible Labs. It designed a vibrating suit that enables deaf people to “feel” music through their skin.Consisting of a body harness (背带), ankle and wrist belts, the suit translates audio into a range of vibrating pulses that are felt at 24 contact points.Burtonhas been trialing the suit for four years.“The sound hits different parts of your body, ” saidBurton. “Maybe it will strikeme down in my ankles first. And then I’ll start to feel the vibrations in my back. And then I’ll feel some pulsations in my wrist.”The creators want to extends the tactile (触觉) musical experience beyond the deaf community. In 2018, they gave out 150 of the suits at a rock concert inLas Vegaswhere half the audience members were deaf and half were able to hear.Since then, Not Impossible Labs has been working to improve the technology and says it’s ready to go to market soon. Eventually, the creators want the suit to become a consumer product, accessible to all. The company’s talent and business development director, Jordan Richardson, said that the technology could be used in live sports broadcasts, video games and theme parks.As a writer and director who’s been working to make the movie world more accessible,Burtonhopes that the vibrating suit will be available to his film audiences in the future. He believes the suit canenhanceemotions while watching a movie – for hearing as well as deaf people. “I see the tech as a real opportunity to help people understand that music for movies doesn’t always need to be enjoyed through the ears”.8. Why would Chase Burton lie on the floor when he was a kid?A. To feel some pulsations in his wrist.B. To feel the vibrations from his brother’s band.C. To expand the tactile musical experience.D. To begin building a bond with films.9. What do we know about Not Impossible Labs from the passage?A. It was started by Chase Burton in 2016.B. Its products have been used in live sports broadcasts.C. It is a technology company based inCalifornia.D. Its administrative director is Jordan Richardson.10. Which can replace the underlined word “enhance” in the last paragraph?A. createB. expressC. coverD. strengthen11. What is the best title for the passage?A. Vibrating Suit Allows Deaf People to “Feel” MusicB. Tech Company Provides Free Suits for Deaf PeopleC. Deaf People Enjoy Rock Music with Free SuitD. Movies Need to Be Enjoyed Through the EarsDEmojis are very popular among mobile phone and social media users. While there are emojis of almost every kind imaginable, from dinosaurs to joyful tears and eggplants, there is no emoji for forgiveness. Seeing the need to show understanding, aFinnish group decided it was time for a "forgiveness" emoji.Every year, the Unicode Consortium, which sets the standards, adds new emojis to the emoji keyboard on mobile phones and computers. In 2019, the Forgivemoji campaign was launched. Forgivemoji's site made an open call to the public to give their designs for a new forgiveness emoji, with the goal of presenting the symbol to the Unicode Consortium and getting it accepted by people.Tuomo Pesonen, communications director of the Unicode Consortium, explained why the forgiveness emoji isindispensablein today's world. “In our modern communication culture, emojis are an important way of expressing human feelings beyond words.” The campaign gained popularity, reaching over two million people around the world. They received many designs, including a bandaged heart, two holding hands, and people from different cultures hugging.After hundreds of people offered their ideas for this emoji, the winner was announced in February 2020. Former Finnish president Tarja Halonen was selected to choose the winner as she has been important in building bridges between people. The emoji that will be presented to the Unicode Consortium is an image of two hands giving a thumbs-up symbol in front of a heart. If the Unicode Consortium accepts the design, it will become available to the public in late 2021.The Forgivemoji campaign goes far beyond having a strong influence on social media. The message of showing forgiveness and understanding is helpful for the world at large.12. What's the idea behind the Fogivemoji campaign?A. people develop pleasant habits.B. To get people more friendly to each other.C. To pick a forgiveness emoji for the public to use.D. To make mobile phones and computers more convenient to use.13. What does the underlined word “indispensable” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Necessary.B. Different.C. Changeable.D. Interesting.14. Why was Tarja Halonen selected to choose the winner for the campaign?A. She launched the campaign herself.B. She designed the most popular emoji.C. She was familiar with the emoji history.D. She played an important role in relating people.15. What can be the best title for the text?A. Forgiveness is important for peopleB. Emoji for forgiveness is on the wayC. Emojis are becoming interestingly popularD. Finnish people explore the stories of emojis第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

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河北省保定市三校2021届高三统一联合考试语文试卷一．现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

材料一：非虚构文学首先要面对的就是非虚构在文学中的合法性问题，也即“真实”在文学中的合法性问题。

就文学而言，“真实”是一个很奇怪的词语。

在通行的文学标准中，“真实”只是最低级的文学形式。

韦勒克在《文学理论》中谈到现实主义时认为，“现实主义的理论从根本上讲是一种坏的美学，因为一切艺术都是‘创作’，都是一个本身由幻觉和象征形式构成的世界”。

“真实”从来都不是艺术的标准。

但是，必须注意到，韦勒克所反对的“现实”和“真实”是就其最基本意义而言的，是指物理意义的现实和真实。

“那儿有一朵玫瑰花”，这是物理真实，但这还不是文学。

文学要求比物理真实更多的真实，“那儿是哪儿?庭院、原野、书桌?谁种的，或谁送的?那玫瑰花的颜色、形态、味道是什么样子?”这才进入文学的层面，因为关于这些会是千差万别的叙述。

即使是非虚构写作，也只能说：我在尽最大努力接近“真实”。

在“真实”的基础上，寻找一种叙事模式，并最终结构出关于事物本身的不同意头和空间，这是非虚构文学的核心。

非虚构文本并不排斥叙事性，相反，这也是它的必由之路。

上世纪50年代至70年代的美国出现了大量的非虚构作品，“一种依靠故事的技巧和小说家的直觉洞察力去记录当代事件的非虚构文学作品的形式”。

非虚构文学融合了新闻报道的现实性与细致观察及小说的技巧与道德眼光——倾向于纪实的形式，倾向于个人的坦白，倾向于调查和暴露公共问题，并且能够把现实材料转化为有意义的艺术结构，着力探索现实的社会问题和道德困境。

一个最基本的逻辑是，只有在你声称自己是进行非虚构写作时，你才面临着“是否真实”的质疑，假借“真实”之名，你赢得了读者的基本信任，并因此拥有了阐释权和话语权。

它使你和你的作品获得了某种道德优势，更具介入性，影响力和批判性。

同样的题材，同样的人物故事，当以虚构文学面目出现的时候，读者可能会读出趣味、人性和某种幽深的意蕴；但当以非虚构面目出现的时候，这一趣味和人性叙述就更具现实感和迫近感，它打开一个内部场景，让读者从“旁观者”变为“剧中人”，从“品味把玩”变为“息息相关”。

非虚构文学，作为近几年才在国内被频繁提起的概念，总是容易被和虚构文学对立起来谈。

作家一方面被吸引，因为它在短时间内引起的关注要大于虚构性文学，并且里面似乎包含着某种朴素且深远的品质；另一方面又有所疑惑，认为它与文学的本质，即虚构性——不相符合。

但我认为，通往文学的道路有多条，好的文学作品总是能够挑战既有的文学概念，从而使我们对文学本质、文学与生活的关系进行新的思考和辨析。

(摘编自梁鸿《非虚构的真实》）材料二：从概念的严谨性来看，“非虚构写作”无疑有值得商榷之处，因为它似乎涵盖了虚构之外的所有文体。

但倘若就目前已发表的一些作品来看，它又呈现出某些独特的文体特征、譬如，它与报告文学、纪实文学颇不相同，不追求事件记叙的完整性，不强调话语表达的公共性，也不崇尚主题意旨的宏大性，而是以非常明确的主观介入性的姿态，直接展示创作主体对事件本身的观察、分析和思考。

同时，它又不同于一般的叙事散文，不仅拥有较长的篇幅，而且在突出其现场纪实性的过程中，多以理性的思考和辨析为主，少有感性的抒情和诗性的怀想。

抛开概念的学理性纠缠，依据我的阅读感受和思考，“非虚构写作”的最大魅力，在于当代作家对历史和现实的深度介入。

这种介入，是积极主动的，是微观化的，是现场直击式的。

譬如李辉的《封面中国》，就是以《时代》周刊封面上的中国人物作为聚焦，通过大量的史料梳理，在一系列微观化的细节呈现中，传达作家对这些人物以及历史事件的有效思考。

而梁鸿的《中国在梁庄》和《梁庄在中国》，则以故乡梁庄作为考察坐标，通过田野调查的方式，记录梁庄的社会变化与存在的问题，也跟踪了梁庄人在全国各地谋生的艰辛与尴尬，并从中展示了作者对中国乡村现代化进程的独特反思。

无论是面对历史还是现实，“非虚构”所体现出来的这种现场式的介入性写作姿态，都有着非常重要的意义。

它改变了当代作家习惯蛰居书斋的想象性写作，激发了作家观察社会的兴趣，使作家能够带着明确的主观意愿或问题意识，深入某些具有表征性的社会现实领域，通过田野调查的手段，获取第一手资料，也获得最为原始的感知体验。

同时，它还体现了作家对社会历史的研究意愿，以及对某种重要问题的深入思考。

现在，有不少作家仅仅通过媒介资讯了解社会，只是凭借既往的经验惯性来处理现实，由此导致很多作品因为“不接地气”而问题频仍。

读这些作品，我们常常觉得很“隔”，用本雅明的话说是“经验的贫乏”。

而“非虚构写作”的兴起，表明了作家们置身生活现场，开始积极地介入历史或现实内部，直面复杂的生存逻辑与伦理秩序，既展示自己的精神姿态和思想作为，也为人们了解中国社会的现代化进程提供独特的思考。

当然，这种以独特的现场感和真实感作为主要审美目标的写作，艺术性上有时会偏弱些。

那些现实调查类作品尤其明显。

毕竟，它们突出的是“实录”之后的分析和思考，彰显的是创作主体的特定感受和理性思索。

但是，如果当代作家都能够抽出一些时间，亲身介入社会历史之中，进行一些必要的“非虚构写作”，我以为，这会为他们的虚构性写作提供巨大的帮助。

(摘编自洪治纲《人民日报：“非虚构写作”的价值》）1. 下列对“非虚构文学(写作)”的理解不正确的一项是( )A. 非虚构文学(写作)颇有纪实性，不仅具有真相揭示和事实还原的意味，还体现了积极勘探和理性反思的特质。

B. 非虚构文学(写作)享有“真实“优势，同样的题材，以非虚构面目出现时，就更具介人性、影响力和批判性。

C. 非虚构文学(写作)直接展示作品主人公对事件本身的观察、分析和思考，表现出非常明确的主观介入性姿态。

D. 非虚构文学(写作)虽不排斥叙事性，但强调独特的现场感和真实感，少有感性抒情和诗性怀想，艺术性有时偏弱。

2. 下列对材料相关内容的理解和分析，正确的一项是( )A. “非虚构文学(写作）”作为新的概念，被作家关注又引发顾虑，因它与既有文学概念里的文学虚构性本质对立。

B. “非虚构文学(写作）”概念在学理上很难被厘清，但某些代表作品呈现出独特文体特征，印证了其概念的严谨性。

C. 当代作家只有积极主动、深度介入社会历史，进行“非虚构”写作，才对他们的虚构性写作大有裨益。

D. 材料一圈绕“真实”二字论述“非虚构文学(写作)”，材料二角度不同，但同样表现出对非虚构文学(写作)的极大肯定。

3. 下列说法中，可以作为论据来支撑材料二主要观点的一项是（）A. “创造性的一个最好的标志就在于选择题材之后，能把它加以充分的发挥，从而使大家承认压根想不到会在这个题材里发现那么多的东西。

”B. “非虚构为文学提供了一种生机，让人物和故事具有某种实证性……保留可靠的真实经验和生活场地。

”C. “我有时候告诉别人一个故事的轮廓，人家听不出好处来，我总是辩护似的加上一句‘这是真事’，仿佛就立刻使它身价百倍。

”D. “我所掌握到的很多资料都是独门的，但我还是觉得和那段历史隔着一层不可逾越的时空，所以决定去马来西亚作一次实地的旅行。

”4. 材料二论证充分，逻辑严密，请结合文本简要分析。

5. 如何理解非虚构文学的“真实”?请结合材料一简要分析。

（二）现代文阅读（本题共4小题，16分）阅读下面的文章，完成下面小题。

那一片幸存的原始林梁衡像一场战争突然结束，2014年林区宣布了禁伐令，喧闹的伐木场顿时门前冷落车马稀。

在打扫“战场”时，人们意外地发现了一片原始林。

2016年盛夏时分我有缘造访了这最后的一片原始林。

虽然天正降大雨，我们还是义无反顾地向林地进发，不一会儿就消失在茫茫林海中。

正走着，忽然听见右边不远处有哗哗的流水声。

踩着朽木、草墩，钻过横七竖八的灌木。

忽然眼前一亮，一条溪流从山上奔腾而下。

眼前这条溪流无法与我见过的任何一条流水相比较，因为它没有留下一丝人类活动的痕迹。

仰望山顶只见远远近近的山、层层叠叠的树、朦朦胧胧的雨，半山一道歪歪斜斜的激流，跌跌撞撞地碰着那些大大小小、圆圆滚滚的石头，或炸起雪白的浪花，或绕行成一条飘飘的哈达。

我们退回老林，雨时停时下，云忽开忽合，大家就举着手机、相机抓紧时间照相采景。

人类虽然早已进入现代文明，但是总忘不了找寻原始。

这是因为它，一是大自然的原点，可由此研究自然界的进化，包括人类自己；二是人类走出蛮荒的出发的起点，是生命的源头，我们有必要回望一下走过的来路。

判断一个地方是不是够原始，一个简单的办法就是看有没有人的痕迹。

从纯自然的角度来说，人的创造是对自然的种种干扰和玷污。

所以探险家总是去寻找那些还没有人文污染过的地方。

没有人来过，无路;奇景第一次示人，无名;前人没有留下诗词，无文。

今天我们进入的正是这种“三无”之境，只有你与自然在悄悄地私语。

虽是来看原始森林，但先要说一说这里的石头。

国内很有名的一处石景便是云南的石林，那是一片秀气的石柱。

还有贵州天星桥，那是喀斯特地貌特有的精巧。

而这里的石头一律是巨大坚硬的花岗岩，浑圆沉稳，高大挺拔，无不迸放着野性。

石的分布无一定规则，或独立威坐，或双门对峙，或三五相聚，或隔岸呼唤，各具其态。

现在要说一说在乱石间争荣竞秀的苔藓了。

这是整个林区的大地毯，是森林里所有生命湿润的温床。

它生在地上、树上、石上，绿染着整个世界，不留一点空白。

最让人感动的是它的慈祥，它小心地包裹着每一根已失去生命的枯木。

那些直立的、斜依的、平躺于地的大小树干，虽然内里已经空朽，你轻轻一碰就是一个洞，但经它一打扮，都仍保持着生命尊严。

绿苔与枯树正在悄然作着生命的转换。

老林子中最美的还是大树，特别是那些与石共生的大树。

有一棵树，我叫它“一木穿石”，我们平常说“水滴石穿”，可是有谁真的见过一滴水穿透了一块石头?现在，我却见到了一棵树，一棵活着的树，硬是生插在一块整石之上，霸气十足。

它的须根向四周摸索，拳握住一点点沙尘，然后蛰伏在石面的稍凹之处，聚积水分，酝酿能量。

松树的根能分泌一种酸液，一点一点地润湿和软化石块。

成语“相濡以沫”是说两条鱼，以沫相濡，求生命的延续。

而这棵红松种子却是以它生命的的汁液，去濡润一块没有生命的石头，终于感动了顽石，让出了一个小小的空间。

它赶紧扎下一条须根，然后继续濡石、挖洞、找缝，周而复始，终于在顽石上树起了一面生命的大纛。

如果说刚才的那棵树有男性的阳刚之烈，下面这棵便有女性的阴柔之美。

它生在一根窄长的条石上，两条主根只能紧抓着条石的边缘向左右延伸，然后托起中间的树身，全树就成了一个丁字形，一个标准的体操“一字马”。

那两条主根是她修长的双腿，树干是她曼妙的身躯，挺胸拔背，平视前方。

这是我第一次看到一棵树的根与身子长得一般的粗细，一样的匀称，一样的美丽。