16 13八音带(One-third Octave Band) 若将每个八音带再细
2005年诺贝尔物理奖得主---
2005年諾貝爾物理獎得主--- 漢希(T.W. Hänsch )與霍爾(J.L. Hall )文/鄭王曜、施宙聰2005年是愛因斯坦發表狹義相對論以及光電效應和布朗運動理論的100週年，為了推動物理教學與研究，聯合國特別將2005年定為世界物理年。
愛因斯坦假設光速在慣性座標中為恆定，透過此絕對的基本物理量建立了狹義相對論和質能關係，此外他提出光量子成功解釋光電效應。
非常恰巧的，2005年10月發佈的諾貝爾物理獎得主漢希（Theodor W. Hänsch ）、霍爾（John L. Hall ）與葛勞柏（Roy J. Glauber ）的貢獻跟光速及光的量子性質有密切的關係。
漢希及霍爾兩人因在精密雷射光譜，包括光頻梳（optical frequency comb ）技術的發展而獲此殊榮。
霍爾是美國JILA （Joint Institute of Laboratory of Astrophysics ）的資深研究員，是雷射穩頻高手。
漢希是德國慕尼黑大學教授及普朗克量子光學研究所主任，是氫原子1S-2S 光譜高手。
他們兩人是好朋友，都熱愛實驗。
到JILA 拜訪霍爾，通常要在地下室的實驗室才能找到他。
漢希在慕尼黑大學物理系辦公室對面有一個人實驗室，他常在那裡做一些有趣的實驗，霍爾來訪時也會邀他一起做實驗。
在這篇文章我們將簡介漢希與霍爾的學術工作及光頻梳。
雷射穩頻雷射的本徵線寬（intrinsic linewidth ）由Schawlow-Townes relation 所限制，除了半導體雷射因其微小共振腔內光子數目不多線寬大外，大部分雷射的本徵線寬小於1 Hz 。
如1 mW 的紅光633 nm HeNe 雷射，其Schawlow-Townes 線寬小於1 mHz 。
然而由於各種不同的技術性噪音（technical noise ），例如雷射結構的振動、折射率的擾動等，實際的雷射系統離Schawlow-Townes 線寬有一段不算小的距離。
Octave_Bands
Center Frequencies and High/LowFrequency Limits for Octave Bands, 1/2- and 1/3-Octave BandsOctave Bands:The audio spectrum from ~ 20 Hz to ~ 20 KHz can be divided up into ~ 11 octave bands. If we set/define the 7th octave band’s center frequency to be 71000 ctr f Hz ≡, then all lower centerfrequencies for octave bands can be defined from each other using the formula 1ctr ctrn nf f −=. Conversely, all higher center frequencies for octave bands can be defined from each other using theformula 12ctr ctrn n f f +=. Then for each center frequency, the half-octave low (high) frequency for each octave band are (respectively) given by the formulae 12low n n f f = and 122high n n f f =. The per-centfractional bandwidth per octave band is constant : ()10070.7%high low ctrnn n BW f f f ⎡⎤≡−⎣⎦ . Please see the octave band table on the next page.1/2-Octave Bands:The audio spectrum from ~ 20 Hz to ~ 20 KHz can be divided up into ~ 21 1/2-octave bands.If we set/define the 13th half-octave band’s center frequency to be 131000 ctrf Hz ≡, then all lower centerfrequencies for 1/2-octave bands can be defined from each other using the formula 1212ctr ctr n nf f −=.formula 1ctr n f +=1/2-octave band are (respectively) given by the formulae 12low n n f f = and 142high n n f f =. The per-centfractional bandwidth per 1/2-octave band is constant : ()10034.8%high low ctrn n n BW f f f ⎡⎤≡−⎣⎦. Please see the 1/2-octave band table on the next page.1/3-Octave Bands:The audio spectrum from ~ 20 Hz to ~ 20 KHz can be divided up into ~ 31 1/3-octave bands.If we set/define the 19th 1/3-octave band’s center frequency to be 191000 ctrf Hz ≡, then all lower center frequencies for 1/3-octave bands can be defined from each other using the formula 1312n n f f −=.formula 1n f +=1/3-octave band are (respectively) given by the formulae 12low n n f f = and 162high n n f f =. The per-centfractional bandwidth per 1/3-octave band is constant : ()10023.2%high low ctrn n n BW f f f ⎡⎤≡−⎣⎦. Please see the 1/3-octave band table on the next page.Each octave band may be separated into three ranges - referred to as one-third-octave bands.Octave Bands 1/3 Octave BandsLower Band Limit (Hz)CenterFrequency(Hz)Upper BandLimit (Hz)Lower BandLimit (Hz)CenterFrequency(Hz)Upper BandLimit(Hz)14.1 16 17.817.8 20 22.411 16 2222.4 25 28.228.2 31.5 35.535.5 40 44.7 22 31.5 4444.7 50 56.256.2 63 70.870.8 80 89.1 44 63 8889.1 100 112112 125 141141 160 178 88 125 177178 200 224224 250 282282 315 355 177 250 355355 400 447447 500 562562 630 708 355 500 710708 800 891891 1000 11221122 1250 1413 710 1000 14201413 1600 17781778 2000 22392239 2500 2818 1420 2000 28402818 3150 35483548 4000 44674467 5000 5623 2840 4000 56805623 6300 70797079 8000 89138913 10000 11220 5680 8000 1136011220 12500 1413014130 16000 17780 11360 16000 2272017780 20000 22390。
组合数学第三章习题解答
m
i 0 nm
(c )
C (m l 1, m 1) C (m l , m) C (m l , m 1) C (m l , m 2) ...
(1)l C (m l , m l )
(a)
C (n m, n k ) C (n m, k m)
设这66个元素为a1<a2<a3<...<a66
构造b1=a2-a1, b2=a3-a1,…, b65=a66-a1, 令B={b1,b2,…,b65} 这65个元素属于1到326，如果这65个元素有任何一个属于P1， 则定理得证。 否则： B p2 p3 p4 p5 (2)因为。 65 1 1 17 4 因此至少有一个集合含至少B中17个元素，设这个集合为p2。 设这6个元素为： bi1 bi2 ... bi1 7
证明(a)
(a) A B与A B关于B互为余集， 因此 A B B A B
(b) A BC C AC B C A B C A B C与(C B) (C A)互为余集. A B C C (C B) (C A) C C A C B A B C
否则： e1 , e2 p5 构造： e2 e1 同样可证明e2-e1既可表示成p1中数之差，也可表示成p2p3p4中 数之差。 e2-e1是1到326中的数，设f=d2-d1
e p1 p2 p3 p4
因此：1到326的326个整数任意分成5部分，其中必有一部分 其中有一个数是另两个数之差，设ai=aj-ah,那么反过来： aj=ai+ah
3.12,一年级有100名学生参加中文、英文和数学的考试，其中92 人通过中文考试，75人通过英语考试，65人通过数学考试；其中 65人通过中英文考试，54人通过中文和数学考试，45人通过英语 和数学考试，求通过三门学科考试的学生数？
2021江苏省信息与未来小学生夏令营编程活动试题
样例输出 1203样例输⼊ 2900 4096样例输出 2389数据规模对于 40% 的数据，。
对于 100% 的数据，。
p2. 摩尔斯电码 (15 pts)早期的电报机只能表达两种状态：电路导通和电路断开。
电路导通时喇叭可以发声；断开时则不发声。
如何⽤这样的机器来传递⼈类能理解的信号呢？聪明的你⼀定想到了——时间的长短可以表达不同的含义（例如长代表 1、短代表 0），然后再把 “01” 的⼆进制序列对应到字符就可以啦。
摩尔斯电码就是这样⼀种早期的数字通信协议，它通过喇叭发声长短来表⽰不同的英⽂字母：1. 点（半⾓点号.），喇叭响 1 单位时间，读作 “滴” dit；2. 划（半⾓减号-），喇叭响 3 单位时间，读作 “嗒” dah；3. 字符/单词间的停顿，字符停顿 3 单位时间，单词停顿 7 单位时间。
下图列出了摩尔斯电码和英⽂字母之间的对应：例如，⼤家可以试试把 “... --- ...” 对照上⾯的表格翻译成英⽂（空格代表字符的分割）。
没错，这就是著名的 “SOS” 紧急求救信号。
现在，你需要写⼀个程序把收到的摩尔斯电码翻译回英⽂字符。
输⼊格式输⼊数据的第⼀⾏是⼀个整数 ，代表共有 个需要解码的英⽂字母。
输⼊数据的第⼆⾏包含 个摩尔斯电码点/划组成的字符串（字符串之间⽤⼀个空格隔开），每个字符串仅包含若⼲半⾓减号 “-” 和半⾓点号 “.”，且保证能翻译为 26 个英⽂字母中的⼀个。
输出格式输出⼀⾏，为摩尔斯电码解码后得到的字符串。
样例输⼊ 1样例输出 1样例输⼊ 23... --- ...SOS35- .... . --.- ..- .. -.-. -.- -... .-. --- .-- -. ..-. --- -..- .--- ..- -- .--. ... --- ...- . .-. - .... . .-.. .- --.. -.-- -.. --- --.样例输出 2THEQUICKBROWNFOXJUMPSOVERTHELAZYDOG解释：“The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog” 是⼀个经典的包含了所有 26 个字母的句⼦。
组合数学及其图论试题库
组合数学及其图论1、一个图G 是指一个有序三元组（V （G ），E （G ），G ϕ），其中G ϕ是：________________.关联函数2、是有40个点的简单图且 中任两个点之间有且只有1条路，则。
393、只有一个顶点所构成的图称为：________________平凡图4、如果H 是G 的子图，其中V （H ）=V （G ）和E （G ）=E （H ）至少有一个不成立，就称H 是G 的：_____________.真子图5、设G 是p 阶简单图，则__________________等号成立当且仅当G 是完全图。
q(G)≤p(p-1)/26、如果一条途径的_________与___________相同，就称这条途径为闭途径。
起点 终点7、如果对图G=（V ，E ）的任何两个顶点u 与v ，G 中存在一条（u-v ）路，则称G 是___________否则称为是______________连通图、 非连通图8、设G 是P 阶连通图，则__________________.q(G)≥p-1 9、若二分图有Hamilton 回路，则与满足 。
10、若G 是2-边连通图，则G 有强连通的________________. 定向图11、边数最少的连通图是 。
树12、没有回路的连通图称为_______________.树13、的图是图或图。
平凡图，不连通图14、树T的每一个非悬挂点都是T的 __________.割点15、二分图中若与满足，则必有完美对集。
16、给定一个图G，如果图G的一个生成子图T是一棵树，则称T是G的一个_______________.生成树17、设G是无环图，e是G的一条边，则τ(G)=___________________________.τ（G－e）+τ(G·e)18、是阶简单图，则，等号成立当且仅当是图。
，完全图 2、19、___________________________的生成树称为最优生成树。
VW_82469_Englisch
Accessory DevicesAcoustic RequirementsPrevious issuesVW 82469: 2005-10, 2006-03ChangesThe following changes have been made as compared to VW 82469: 2006-03:–Evaluation of brief noises expandedScopeThis Standard defines the acoustic requirements and testing conditions that must be fulfilled by the accessory device to be developed, e.g., window lift, control motor, relay, pump, valve.For the time being, the specifications apply to accessory devices that are used in motor vehicles with a conventional combustion engine. For motor vehicles with an electric drive or hybrid vehicles with the combustion engine switched off and the electric drive running, all specifications and limit curves specified below for conventional vehicles with the combustion engine switched off apply.Acoustic evaluation of the accessory device in the laboratory Measuring room The evaluation parameter for the airborne noise is the A-weighted sound level measured according to DIN EN 61672-1, Class 1, or the one-third octave spectrum determined under the same conditions.The measurement must be performed in a free field above a reflective plane. Apart from the reflective plane, all walls of the measuring room must be fitted with sound-absorbing material, such that this does not influence the sound field in the frequency range that is of interest. An example of this is shown in DIN 45635-1 (1984-04, Section 3.5).1 2 2.1 Group Standard VW 82469Issue 2010-03Class. No.:8BG00Descriptors:accessory devices, acoustics, noiseCheck standard for current issue prior to usage.This electronically generated standard is authentic and valid without signature.The English translation is believed to be accurate. In case of discrepancies the German version shall govern.Numerical notation acc. to ISO practice.Page 1 of 15Technical responsibilityStandards Department EGNA/3Dr. Friedrich Bielert Tel.: +49 5361 9 31580EKDV/4 Wolfgang Tiefenbach EKDV Tel.: +49 5361 9 75357Manfred Terlinden Confidential. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be transmitted or reproduced without prior permission of a Standards Department of the Volkswagen Group.Parties to a contract can only obtain this standard via the B2B supplier platform .© Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft VWNORM-2008-12mThe quiescent noise level in the measuring room must be evaluated using a one-third octave spectrum in the frequency range 20 Hz to 16 000 Hz. The individual one-third octave bands of the quiescent noise level must be at least 10 dB below the corresponding one-third octave levels of the accessory device to be measured.Measuring setupThe measuring setup is based on DIN 45635-1. In accordance with this standard, measurements are performed at different points on a spherical surface at a distance of 1 m from the center of the noise source. The radius vector from the center of the noise source to the spherical surface is the normal of the face surface of the microphone.The number of microphones must first be chosen to be ≥ 9, in accordance with accuracy class 2. The number must be increased as long as the difference in dB between the highest and the lowest mea‐sured total level is numerically greater than the previous number of microphones (in accordance with DIN 45635-1, Section 5.4.4.2). The orientation of the device under test (DUT) with respect to the microphones must be selected in such a way that the maximum sound level is recorded and functional capability of the equipment is assured.If the radiated sound field changes by a sufficiently small amount during the entire period of operation,measurements may be made using fewer than 9 microphones, provided this has been approved by the purchaser.Operation of the accessory deviceOperation of the accessory device for three complete operation cycles (run-in procedure). From the fourth cycle onwards, measuring of every complete operation action (e.g., open, close) of the acces‐sory device five times.Load conditions for the accessory deviceCorresponding to the load conditions that occur during vehicle operation.Measurements under deviating load conditions must be approved by the purchaser.Operating voltage of the accessory deviceOperation of the accessory device at a voltage of 13,5 V, measured at the electrical connectors on the accessory device, except where other operating voltages have been specified.Settings for the measuring systemsThe sound pressure must be recorded over time and represented as A-weighted decibels. The inte‐gration constant (time over which each individual signal level is averaged during the measurement period) must be 125 ms. When a sound level meter is used, this value corresponds to the "fast"setting. The dynamic range must be adjusted to an optimized signal/noise ratio.One-third octave spectrum of the accessory device The maximum A-weighted total sound level that occurs at a spherical surface must be determined according to Section 2.2. If fluctuations occur in the amount of sound emitted over the running time of the accessory device, then the maximum value that occurs temporally and spatially must always be used as the evaluation criterion. The position of the maximum total sound level determined in this manner is used to determine the one-third octave spectrum.2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Page 2VW 82469: 2010-03A step diagram with the respective one-third octave limit curve is used to represent the A-weighted one-third octave spectrum against the one-third octave center frequencies, in the frequency range 20 Hz to 16 000 Hz (see Figure 1).The one-third octave bands must be determined using the arithmetic average method over the whole running time that is relevant to each application, with use of one-third octave filters in accordance with DIN EN 61260.If significant fluctuations in the one-third octave levels occur during the running time (deviations greater than 3 dB, as compared to the average one-third octave level over the running time), thenthese must be documented separately.The process described must be carried out for at least 3 identical devices. Serial numbers and the point of maximum noise emission must be documented.Figure 1 – One-third octave limit curves for airborne sound from accessory devices during a laboratorymeasurementLegend1Occupant-operated accessory device with combustion engine running 2Occupant-operated accessory device with combustion engine switched off and accessory device starting automatically with combustion engine running 3Accessory device starting automatically with combustion engine switched off Total sound pressure levelThe following total sound pressure level values must not be exceeded:2.8 Page 3VW 82469: 2010-03–65 dB(A)Occupant-operated accessory device with combustion engine running –60 dB(A)Occupant-operated accessory device with combustion engine switched off and accessory device starting automatically with combustion engine running –55 dB(A)Accessory device starting automatically with combustion engine switched offModulation levelTo ensure a high-quality sound impression, the noise emitted by the accessory device must vary only to a limited extent. For adjusting drives, for example, periodic variations of the rotational speed must be avoided (running out of true, "wobbling").Frequency variations over time can be evaluated by plotting the frequency spectrum over time (spec‐trogram) or by plotting the multiples of the rotational speed (orders) over time.The relative frequency change Δf/f of the operating noise must not exceed a value of 1% in one second.Amplitude variations over time can be evaluated, for example, by plotting the sound level over time.The integration constant of the sound level must be selected to be sufficiently small, and must be agreed upon with the purchaser.The relative level change ΔL/L must not exceed a value of 0,5 dB. Changes over time during starting operation or stopping operation (see Figure 2) are excluded from these requirements.Figure 2 shows the starting operation and stopping operation of an accessory device. The course of the operating frequency or the course of the sound level is schematically plotted in any unit as a function of time t.2.9 Page 4VW 82469: 2010-03Figure 2 – Starting and stopping operation of an accessory deviceLegend1Duration of the starting operation 2Duration of the stopping operation 3Mean value 4Instantaneous value TonalityWithin a one-third octave spectrum, an individual one-third octave band must not deviate from both neighboring one-third octave bands by more than 3 dB. A deviation of more than 3 dB from only one of the two neighboring one-third octave bands is permissible.Evaluation of the noise of briefly operating accessory devicesBriefly operating accessory devices are accessory devices for which the sound pressure exceeds 25% of the maximum value for the first time and/or falls below 25% of the maximum value for the last time within a time period T 1 of at most 1 s (Figure 3).The sound pressure used for this criterion must be measured with a minimum sampling rate of 22 kHz.The evaluation described here applies to noises occurring once (e.g., relay clicking) and successions of brief noises (see Figure 4) at a time interval T 2 greater than 0,05 s. For shorter times T 2, the noise is considered to be continuous.2.10 2.11 Page 5VW 82469: 2010-03Figure 3 – Pressure curve over time of a brief noise Figure 4 – Pressure curve over time of a succession of brief noises Section 2.1 through Section 2.5 also apply. The maximum A-weighted sound pressure level occurring in the observed time period applies as the evaluation criterion (time constant "fast", see for example DIN EN 61672-1). The A-weighted sound pressure level of the brief noise according to Figure 3 is given in Figure 5 as an example. The maximum sound pressure level used for the evaluation is marked by an arrow.A one-third octave band evaluation is not performed.Page 6VW 82469: 2010-03Figure 5 – A-weighted sound pressure level of the signal from Figure 3The limits specified in Section 2.8 apply to the maximum level. However, the measured A-weighted sound pressure level receives a pulse increase of 6 dB for the brief noises or successions of brief noises defined above.Subjective evaluationThe noise characteristic of the accessory device must not exhibit any unpleasant noise components,across the entire operating range.The development goal is to ensure that neither the interior nor exterior noise of the accessory device can be perceived as being disturbing. This evaluation represents a prerequisite for release approval.Where necessary, psychoacoustic measurement techniques must be used for objective substantia‐tion.Structure-borne sound from accessory devices Measuring roomThe accessory devices must be evaluated in a low-vibration room.Measuring setupAll connection points that are provided for attaching the accessory device to the vehicle must be fitted with triaxial force sensors. The accessory device must be attached via the force measurement sen‐sors to a rigid support structure (e.g., a solid mounting plate), orientated as it would be when installed (in the vehicle).Operating conditions of the accessory device According to Section 2.3.2.12 33.1 3.2 3.3 Page 7VW 82469: 2010-03Load conditions of the accessory device According to Section 2.4.Operating voltage of the accessory device According to Section 2.5.Determination of one-third octave spectra for forcesThe dynamic forces in the three spatial directions (X, Y, Z) must be recorded for all connection points on the accessory device. These must be interpreted in the form of averaged one-third octave bands,making use of one-third octave filters as described in DIN EN 61260 according to the arithmetic average method.It must be ensured that a sufficiently high sampling rate is used.If significant fluctuations in the one-third octave level occur during the running time (deviations greater than 3 dB, as compared to the average one-third octave level over the running time), then these must be documented separately.The one-third octave spectra for all forces measured at the connection points must be added ac‐cording to the formula:(1)(addition of the rated values).The one-third octave spectrum that results from this equation must be represented as a step diagram below the limit curve, using one-third octave center frequencies in the frequency range 16 Hz to 1000 Hz. The level axis must show a spreading of 40 dB.Limit curves for the one-third octave spectra for forcesThe sum of internal forces that are transmitted at all connection points to the subframe must not exceed the one-third octave limit curve shown below (Figure 6).3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Page 8VW 82469: 2010-03Figure 6 – Limit curves for the one-third octave spectra for forcesLegend1Occupant-operated accessory device with combustion engine running 2Occupant-operated accessory device with combustion engine switched off and accessory device starting automatically with combustion engine running 3Accessory device starting automatically with combustion engine switched offFigure 6 shows the limit curves for the total of the forces applied to the connection points by the accessory device in newtons (N) as a function of frequency (Hz).Acoustic evaluation of accessory devices installed in the vehicle Measuring roomExcept for the reflective plane, all walls of the measuring room must be fitted with sound-absorbing material, such that they do not influence the sound field in the frequency range of interest. An example of this is shown in DIN 45635-1, Issue 1984, Section 3.5.The quiescent noise level in the vehicle must be evaluated using a one-third octave spectrum in the frequency range 20 Hz to 16 000 Hz. The individual one-third octave bands of the quiescent noise level must be at least 10 dB below the corresponding one-third octave levels of the accessory device to be measured.All other sources of acoustic interference in the vehicle must be switched off during the measurement.The measurement takes place with the combustion engine switched off.Operation of the accessory deviceOperation of the accessory device for three complete operation cycles (run-in procedure). From the fourth cycle onwards, measuring of every complete operation action (e.g., open, close) of the acces‐sory device five times, using the load conditions specified in Section 4.3 and Section 4.4.44.1 4.2 Page 9VW 82469: 2010-03Load conditions for the accessory deviceCorresponding to the maximum load conditions that occur during vehicle operation.Measurements under deviating load conditions must be approved by the purchaser.Operating voltage of the accessory deviceOperation of the accessory device at a voltage of 13,5 V, measured at the electrical connectors on the accessory device, except where other operating voltages have been specified. If necessary, the vehicle battery must be buffered using an external power supply that can provide sufficient power.The voltage of the power supply must correspond to the voltage of the charge controller with the combustion engine running, i.e., usually ≥ 14,1 V.Interior noise Measuring setup for evaluation of interior noiseThe interior noise must be measured at the positions of the driver's ears and at the positions of the ears of a passenger on the right rear seat. The measurement can be performed with individual mi‐crophones, headband microphones, or an artificial head.Settings for the measuring systems According to Section 2.6.4.3 4.4 4.54.5.1 4.5.2 Page 10VW 82469: 2010-03One-third octave spectrum of the accessory deviceA step diagram with the respective one-third octave limit curve is used to represent the A-weighted one-third octave spectrum against the one-third octave center frequencies, in the frequency range 20 Hz to 16 000 Hz (see Figure 7 and Figure 8). The one-third octave bands must be determined using the arithmetic average method over the whole running time that is relevant to each application,with use of one-third octave filters in accordance with DIN EN 61260.If significant fluctuations in the one-third octave level occur during the running time (deviations greaterthan 3 dB, as compared to the average one-third octave level over the running time), then these must be documented separately.The process described must be carried out for at least 3 devices. The serial numbers must be doc‐umented.Figure 7 – One-third octave limit curves for airborne sound from occupant-operated accessory de‐vicesLegend1With combustion engine running 2With combustion engine switched off4.5.3Figure 8 – One-third octave limit curves for airborne sound from accessory devices starting auto‐maticallyLegend1Start with combustion engine running 2Start with combustion engine switched off Total sound pressure levelThe following total sound pressure level values must not be exceeded:–45 dB(A)Occupant-operated accessory device with combustion engine running –40 dB(A)Occupant-operated accessory device with combustion engine switched off –40 dB(A)Accessory device starting automatically with combustion engine running –35 dB(A)Accessory device starting automatically with combustion engine switched offModulation level According to Section 2.9.Tonality According to Section 2.10.Evaluation of the noise of briefly operating accessory devices According to Section 2.11.Subjective evaluation According to Section 2.12.4.5.4 4.5.5 4.5.6 4.5.7 4.5.8Exterior noise Measuring room The vehicle must be placed in a measuring room according to Section 2.1. A distance between the vehicle body and the walls of at least 2 m must be observed.Measuring setup for evaluation of exterior noiseRecord the exterior noise using a microphone. This microphone must be positioned at the same height as the accessory device, at a distance of 1 m from the vehicle body. The normal of the diaphragm surface of the microphone must be at right angles to the vehicle body.Operation of the accessory device According to Section 2.3.Load conditions for the accessory device According to Section 2.4.Operating voltage of the accessory device According to Section 2.5.Setting of the measuring system Set integration constant and dynamic range according to Section 2.6.One-third octave spectra of the accessory deviceA step diagram with the limit curve is used to represent the A-weighted one-third octave spectrum against the one-third octave center frequencies, in the frequency range 20 Hz to 16 000 Hz (see Figure 9). The one-third octave bands must be determined using the arithmetic average method over the whole running time that is relevant to each application, with use of one-third octave filters in accordance with DIN EN 61260.If significant fluctuations in the one-third octave level occur during the running time (deviations greater than 3 dB, as compared to the average one-third octave level over the running time), then these must be documented separately.The process described must be carried out for at least 3 devices. The serial numbers must be doc‐umented.4.64.6.1 4.6.2 4.6.3 4.6.4 4.6.5 4.6.6 4.6.7Figure 9 – One-third octave limit curves for exterior noise from accessory devicesLegend1With combustion engine running 2With combustion engine switched off Total sound pressure levelThe following total sound pressure level values must not be exceeded:–40 dB(A)With combustion engine running –35 dB(A)With combustion engine switched offModulation level According to Section 2.9.Tonality According to Section 2.10.Evaluation of the noise of briefly operating accessory devices According to Section 2.11.Subjective evaluation According to Section 2.12.4.6.8 4.6.9 4.6.10 4.6.11 4.6.12Referenced documents5The following documents cited in this standard are necessary for application.In this Section terminological inconsistencies may occur as the original titles are used.Standards with the titles given in German are either only available in German or may be procured in other languages from the institution issuing the standard.DIN 45635-1Measurement of noise emitted by machines; airborne noise emission; en‐veloping surface method; basic method, divided into 3 grades of accuracy DIN EN 61260Electroacoustics - Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filtersDIN EN 61672-1Electroacoustics - Sound level meters - Part 1: Specifications。
JEC-37 噪音规范
3 -3
4 -2
5
6
7 -1
8
9
兩差值小於3dB時，此測定沒有可信性。
測試方法
使用符合JIS C 1502要求的噪音計。 2. 使用A加權進行噪音量測。 測試位置：
1. 1.
測試位置為軸中心線在內的水平面，其軸向以及定子外框架的中心位置， 在軸的直角方向上測四個點。麥克風位置如下表: 馬達輸出功率 功率<1KW 功率>1KW 距離（m） 0.5 1
Lw LI1 20log r 11 （半自由空間） Lw LI 2 20log r 8 （自由空間）
又聲音強度水準等於聲音壓力等級
公式合併後為：
Lw Lp 20logr K （半自由空間時，K值為8。自由空間時，K值為11）
JEC-37 噪音規範
LDR3.2013.11.15
測定環境＆條件
測試環境： 量測環境需選擇較不易反射噪音的場所。 待測物體最好放置在彈性體上。 最好的測試環境為，測試距離為2倍時，噪音會減少約4dB。 測定條件: 輸入電源需接近正弦波（表示速度迴路增益為最小值）。 測試前需先測量背景噪音（暗噪音）。 合成噪音與背景噪音相差10dB以上時，可以忽略背景噪音的影響。 兩者差值未超過10dB時，需以下表修正合成噪音。
2. 3.
距離是從每個測量點的端部開始計算。 麥克風需放在不受馬達風扇影響的地方。
測定水準
1.
測量儀器需為一般常用的八音度以及1/3八音度頻譜分析儀（Octave band filter），中心頻率為 63、125、250 、500、1000、2000、4000、8000Hz等 八個。 1/3八音度頻帶分析儀則是將八音度頻帶再細分成三份，中心頻率為上截斷頻 率與下截斷頻率乘積的根號值，有24個。 目前士林伺服馬達所使用之B&K頻譜分析儀，為1/3八音度頻譜分析儀。 噪音計的測量值有波動時，應測量多次後，選用其平均值。
音色一览表
Pick Bass
拨片贝司
Fretless Bass
无品贝司
Slap Bass
打弦贝司
Synth Bass
合成贝司
Hi-Q Bass
Hi—Q贝司
Dance Bass
舞曲贝司
STRINGS (弦乐)
String Ensemble
弦乐合奏
Chamber Strings
室内弦乐
Slow Strings
慢弦乐
次中音萨克斯
Alto Sax
中音萨克斯
Soprano Sax
高音萨克斯
Baritone Sax
上低音萨克斯
Breathy Tenor Sax
呼吸萨克斯
Clarinet
单簧管
Oboe
双簧管
English Horn
英国管
Bassoon
巴松管
TRUMPET (小号)
Trumpet
小号
Trombone
长号
Trombone Section
Standard Kit 1
标准打击乐1
Standard Kit 2
标准打击乐2
Room Kit
室内打击乐
Rock Kit
摇滚打击乐
Electronic Kit
电子打击乐
Analog Kit
模拟打击乐
Dance Kit
舞曲打击乐
Jazz Kit
爵士打击乐
Brush Kit
刷击打击乐
Symphony Kit
39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58
59 60
DSP作业答案
1. DSP有哪些显著特点？答：DSP的特点有：1)在一个指令周期内可完成一次乘法和一次加法；2)程序和数据空间分开，可以同时访问指令和数据；3)片内有大容量的快速RAM；4)快速中断处理和硬件I/O支持；5)可以并行执行多个操作；6)支持流水线操作，使取指、译码和执行等操作可以重叠执行。
2.简述TMS320LF2407A的片内资源。
答：TMS320LF2407A的片内资源有：1)40MIPS处理能力；2)两个事件管理模块能提供16路PWM输出、四个16位定时器，很便于对电机的控制；3)16路AD模拟通道；4)集成了CAN总线控制器；5)16位串行外设接口和串行通讯接口；6)高达40个可编程或复用的通用输入输出引脚；7)片内32K的flash程序存储器和2K数据程序RAM、2K单口RAM和544字节双口RAM ；8)程序和数据空间可外扩至64K。
3.TMS320LF2407A通用定时器有哪些功能？简述其工作模式。
答：功能如下：1)计时；2)使用定时器的比较功能产生PWM波；3)给事件管理器的其他子模块提供基准时钟。
有四种操作模式，分别为：停止/保持模式，连续递增计数模式，定向增/减计数模式，连续增/减计数模式。
4.简述DSP C语言与ANSI C的主要区别。
答：DSP C语言以ANSI C为基础，并对ANSI C进行了相应的限定和扩展。
以下是LF2407 C语言的一些不同于一般标准C的特征：1)标识符和常量所有标识符的前100个字符是有效的，区分大小写；不允许多字节字符；多字符的字符常数按序列中的最后一个字符来编码，例如：‘abc’==‘c’。
2)数据类型整型、双精度型等数据类型长度与常见编译器中数据类型不同，所有的浮点型都是由MS320C2x/C2xx/C5x的32位的二进制浮点格式来表示。
size_t（sizeof操作符的结果）定义为unsigned int；ptrdiff_t（指针加减的结果）定义为int。
kb291音色
1 二胡1 14 三弦27 巴乌2 二胡2 15 扬琴28巴乌/葫芦丝3 马头琴16 古筝29 二胡拉弦组合奏4 板胡17 笛子15 京胡1 18 笛子26 京胡2 19 箫17 京胡颤音20 箫28 高胡21 埙9 琵琶1 22 笙110 琵琶2 23 笙211 琵琶颤音24 唢呐112 柳琴25 唢呐213 阮26 葫芦丝30 China Kit131 China Kit232 Grand Piano 三角大钢琴33 Bright Piano 亮音钢琴34 Octave Piano 八度音钢琴35 Midi Grand 迷笛钢琴36 CP 80 电拾音钢琴37 Piano & Strings 钢琴+弦乐38 Honky Tonk 酒吧钢琴39 Harpsichord 羽管拨弦古钢琴40 Grand Harpsichord 卧式古钢琴41 Electronic Piano & Pad42 Cool! Galaxy EP 超酷银河电钢琴43 Funky EP 爵士电钢琴44 DX Modern EP 便携式电钢琴（远音现代电钢琴）45 Hyper Tines 祛懦电钢琴（海泼泰因键盘）46 Venus EP 维纳斯电钢琴47 Clavi 击弦电钢琴（电翼琴）48 Pipe Organ 管风琴49 Cathedral 大教堂乐队50 Chapel Organ1 教堂风琴151 Reed Organ 簧片风琴52 Jazz Organ1 爵士风琴153 Cool! Organ 超酷风琴54 Cool! Rotor Organ 超酷转风琴55 Jazz Organ2 爵士风琴256 Click Organ 咔嗒风琴57 Bright Draw 亮音卓芭风琴58 Rock Organ 摇滚风琴59 Purple Organ 紫风琴60 16+2 Organ 16+2风琴61 16+4 Organ 16+4风琴62 Theater Org 剧场风琴63 Ｍusette Accordion 缪赛特手风琴64 Traditional Accordion 传统手风琴65 Bandoneon 班多钮手风琴66 Music Box 音乐盒67 Tubular Bell管钟68 Celesta 钢片琴（小乐器）69 Vibraphone1 电颤琴170 Vibraphone2 电颤琴271 Marimba 马林巴琴72 Xylophone 木琴73 String Ensemble1 弦乐合奏174 String Ensemble2 弦乐合奏275 Chamber Strings 室内弦乐76 Marcato Strings 强音弦乐77 Orchestra Strings 管弦弦乐78 Octave Strings 八度音弦乐79 Tutti80 Octave Pizzicato 八度音拨奏81 Slow Strings 慢弦乐82 Tremolo Strings 颤音弦乐83 Pizzicato Strings 披萨弦乐(拨奏弦乐）84 Synth Strings 合成弦乐85 Violin 小提琴86 Viola 中提琴87 Cello 大提琴88 Contrabass 低音提琴89 Flute 长笛90 Sweet Flute 美妙的长笛（甜美长笛）91 Piccolo 短笛92 Pan Flute 排萧93 Sweet！Pan Flute 甜美排萧94 Clarinet 单簧管95 Orchestra Clarinet 管弦单簧管96 Sweet！Soprano Sax 甜美高音萨克斯97 Sweet！ Tenor Sax 甜美次中音萨克斯98 Soprano Sax 高音萨克斯99 Alto Sax 中音萨克斯100 Tenor Sax 次中音萨克斯101 Baritone Sax 上低音萨克斯102 Breathy Tenor Sax 呼吸次中音萨克斯103104 Sax Ensemble 萨克斯合奏105 Oboe 双簧管106 English Horn 英国管（号）107 Woodwind Section 木管乐组108 Bassoon 巴松管109 Assoon &Clarinet 巴松管+单簧管110 Trumpet 小号111 Sweet！Trumpet 甜美小号112 MutedTrump 弱音小号113 Flugel Horn 号角114 Trombone 长号115 Trombone Section 长号组116 Trumpet & Trombone 小号+长号117 French Horn 圆号118 Octave Horn 八度音圆号119 Tuba 大号120 Timpani 定音鼓121 Brass 铜管乐122 Brass Section 铜管乐器组123 Big Band Brass 大铜管乐队124 Mellow Horns 圆润圆号（柔美圆号合奏）125 Orchestra Brass 管弦乐铜管126 Octave Brass 八度音铜管127 Jazz Brass 爵士铜管128 Funkey Brass 弱音铜管129 Synth Brass 合成铜管乐130 80'sBrass 80年代铜管乐131 Techno Brass 泰克诺铜管132 Vocai Ensemble 整体合唱133 Choir 合唱134 Grand Choir 大合唱135 Vox Humana 清唱（人声）136 Air Choir 曲调合唱137 Harp 竖琴138 Orchestra Hit 管弦乐队139 Harmonica 口琴140 Modern Harp 现代口琴141 Square Lead 方波主奏142 Tech Saw143 Sync B144 Sawtooth Lead 锯齿波主奏145 Under Heim 在家里146 Portaone 轻音色147 Voice Lead 人声主奏148 Funky Lead 暗淡主奏1149 Star Dust 星尘150 Brightness 合成音效（明亮）151 Analogon 模拟152 Fargo 法戈153 Fantasia 平分长音（幻想）154 Dynamic Chime 倍音钟铃155 Analog Pad 模拟长音156 Short Resonance 短暂的共振157 Sweet Heaven 甜美天堂158 Dream Heaven 梦幻天堂159 Symbiont 共生160 Bell Pad 贝尔长音161 Xenon Pad 仙农长音（氙气长音）162 Equinox 幻想（春分）163 Dark Moon 暗月长音164 Classical Gtr 古典吉他165 Folk Guitar 民俗吉他166 Dynamic Nylon Guitar 倍音尼龙弦吉他167 12Strings Guitar 弦吉他168 Dynamic Overdriven Guitar 倍音过载吉他169 Jazz Guitar 爵士吉他170 Octave Gtr 八度音吉他171 Clean Guitar 清音吉他172 60s Clean Guitar 60年代清音吉他173 Muted Guitar 弱音吉他174 Overdriven Guitar 夸张吉他175 Distortion Guitar 失真吉他176 Acoustic Bass 原声贝司（低音贝司）177 Finger Bass）指弹贝司（指拨贝司178 Dynamic Electric Bass 动态电贝司179 Pick Bass 转调贝司180 Fretless Bass 无品贝司181 Slap Bass 打弦贝司（打拍贝司）182 DX100 Bass 远音100贝司183 Fat Lo Bass184 Synth Bass 合成贝司185 Hi-Q Bass 嗨声贝司186 Dance Bass 舞曲贝司187 Sitar 西塔琴188 Tamboura 冬不拉189 Tambra 铃鼓190 Rabab 拉博琴191 Oud 乌德琴192 Shamisen 三昧线(三弦)193 Gopichant 歌尚194 Koto 十三弦日本古筝195 Taisho-kin 小泰首196 Dulcimer 德西马琴(日本琴)197 Kanoon 卡农琴198 Cimbalom 钦巴龙琴199 Santur 山特琴200 Shanai 山奈琴201 Pungi 尖竹钉202 Hichiriki 希克瑞克203 Recorder 竖笛(舌簧八孔直笛)204 Ocarina 奥卡利那笛(埙，陶制的卵形笛)205 Steel Drums 钢鼓206 Banjo 斑鸠五弦琴207 SFX Kit1 效果音1208 SFX Kit2 效果音2209 WonderlandKit 美好的声音效果210 Arpeggio Piano1 钢琴琶音1211 Arpeggio Piano1 钢琴琶音1212 Arpeggio Strings 琵音弦乐213 Arpeggio Harp 琵音竖琴214 Arpeggio Synth Lead1 琵音合成主奏1 215 Arpeggio SynthLead2 琵音合成主奏2 216 Arpeggio Synth Pad 琵音合成柔音217 Arpeggio Folk Guitar 琵音民俗吉他218 Arpeggio Drums1 琵音鼓组1219 Arpeggio Drums2 琵音鼓组2220 Grand Piano 三角大钢琴221 Grand Piano KSP三角大钢琴KSP222 Mellow Gr Pno 圆润三角钢琴223 Piano Strings 钢琴弦乐224 Dream 梦幻钢琴225 Bright Piano 亮音钢琴226 Bright Piano KSP 亮音钢琴KSP 227 Electronic Grand Piano 电子大钢琴228 Electronic Grand Piano KSP电子大钢琴KSP 229 Detuned CP80 失调电拾音钢琴230 Layered CP1 分层电拾音钢琴1231 Layered CP2 分层电拾音钢琴2232 HonkyTonk Piano 酒吧钢琴233 HonkyTonk Piano KSP酒吧钢琴KSP234 Electronic Piano 1电钢琴1235 Electronic Piano1 KSP电钢琴1KSP 236 MellowEP1 圆润电钢琴1 237 Chorus Electric Piano 1 叠奏电钢琴1238 Hard El. Piano 激烈电钢琴239 Velocity Crossfade EL.P1力度交叉减弱电钢琴1240 60’s EL.Piano1 60年代电钢琴1 241 Electronic Piano2 电钢琴2242 Electronic Piano2KSP 电钢琴2 KSP 243 Chorus Electric Piano2 叠奏电钢琴2244 DX EP Hard DX激烈电钢琴245 DX Legend DX 传说246 DX Phase EP DX 分段电钢琴247 DX +Analog Electric Piano DX+模拟电钢琴248 DX Koto EP DX 日本筝电钢琴249 Velocity Crossfade EL.P2力度交叉减弱电钢琴2250 Harpsichord 拨弦古钢琴251 Harpsichord KSP 拨弦古钢琴ksp252 Harpsichord2 拨弦古钢琴2253 Clavi.Wah 哇音击弦古钢琴254 Harpsichord3 拨弦古钢琴3255 Pulse Clavi. 跳跃击弦古钢琴256 Clavi 击弦古钢琴（翼琴）257 Clavi KSP 击弦古钢琴KSP（翼琴KSP）258 Pierce Clavi. 尖锐击弦古钢琴259 Celesta 钢片琴260 Glockenspiel 钟琴261 Music Box 八音盒（音乐盒）262 Orgel 风琴263 Vibraphone 电颤琴264 Vibraphone KSP 电颤琴ksp265 Hard Vibes 激烈振音266 Marimba 马林巴琴267 Marimba KSP 马林巴琴ksp268 Sine Marimba 正弦马林巴269 Balimba 巴林巴琴270 Log Drums 木鼓271 Xylophone 木琴272 Tubular Bells 管钟273 Church Bells 教堂钟274 Dulcimer2 杜西码琴2275 Carillon 大钟琴276 Drawbar Organ 拉杆风琴277 Detuned Drawbar Organ 简化拉杆风琴278 60's Drawbar Organ1 60年代拉杆风琴1279 60's Drawbar Organ2 60年代拉杆风琴2280 70's Drawbar Organ1 70年代拉杆风琴1281 Drawbar Organ2 拉杆风琴2 282 60's Drawbar Organ3 60年代拉杆风琴3283 Even Bar Organ 双小节风琴284 16+2’2/3285 Organ Bass 低音风琴286 70's Drawbar Organ2 70年代拉杆风琴2287 Cheezy Organ 尺泽风琴288 Drawbar Organ3 拉杆风琴3289 Percussive Organ 打击风琴290 70's Percussive Organ 70年代打击风琴291 Detuned Percussive Organ 失调（简化）打击风琴292 Light Organ 亮音风琴293 Percussive Organ 2 打击风琴2294 Rock Organ 摇滚风琴295 Rotary Organ 转风琴296 Slow Rotary 慢转风琴297 Fast Rotary 快转风琴298 Church Organ 教堂风琴299 Church Organ3 教堂风琴3300 Church Organ 2 教堂风琴2301 Notre Dame 圣母玛丽亚302 Organ Flute 长笛风琴303 Tremolo Organ Flute 颤音长笛风琴304 Reed Organ 簧片风琴305 Puff Organ 吹气风琴306 Accordion 手风琴307 Accord It 手风琴组308 Harmonica 口琴309 Harmonica2 口琴2310 Tango Accordion 探戈手风琴311 Tango Accordion2 探戈手风琴2 312 Nylon Guitar 尼龙弦吉他313 Nylon Guitar2 尼龙弦吉他2314 Nylon Guitar3 尼龙弦吉他3315 Velocity Guitar Harmonics 力度吉他和声316 Ukulele 尤克里里四弦琴317 Steel Guitar 钢弦吉他318 Steel Guitar 2钢弦吉他2319 12-string Guitar 12弦吉他320 Nylon &Steel Guitar 尼龙弦和钢弦吉他321 Steel Guitar with Body Sound322 Mandolin 曼陀林琴323 Jazz Guitar 爵士吉他324 Mellow Guitar 圆润吉他325 Jazz Amp 爵士电吉他326 Clean Guitar 纯音吉他327 Chorus Guitar 合唱吉他328 Muted Guitar 弱音吉他329 Funk Guitar1 芬克（抑郁）吉他1 330 Muted Steel Guitar 弱音钢弦吉他331 Funk Guitar2 芬克（抑郁）吉他2 332 Jazz Man 爵士音乐家333 Overdriven Guitar 夸张吉他334 Guitar Pinch 吉他基音335 Distortion Guitar 失真吉他336 Feedback Guitar 回音吉他337 Feedback Guitar 2回音吉他2338 Guitar Harmonics 吉他和声339 Guitar Feedback 吉他回声340 Guitar Harmonics 2 吉他和声2341 Acoustic Bass 原音贝司342 Jazz Rhythm 爵士韵律343 Velocity Crossfade Upright Bass 力度垂直转换贝司344 Finger Bass 指弹贝司345 Finger Dark 指弹沉音346 Flange Bass 弗朗格贝司347 Bass& Distorted Electric Guitar贝司和失真电吉他348 Finger Slap Bass 指弹击弦贝司349 Finger Bass2 指弹贝司2350 Modulated Bass 移调贝司351 Pick Bass 拨片贝司352 Muted Pick Bass 弱音拨片贝司353 Fretless Bass 无品贝司354 Fretless Bass 2 无品贝司2355 Fretless Bass3 无品贝司 3356 Fretless Bass4 无品贝司4357 Syn. Fretless 合成无品贝司358 Smth Fretless 细腻无品贝司359 Slap Bass1 击弦贝司1360 Resonant Slap 共鸣击弦贝司361 Punch Thumb Bass 拇指弹拨贝司362 Slap Bass2 击弦贝司2363 Velocity Switch Slap 快速掌击（力度转换贝司）364 Synth Bass 1 合成贝司1365 Synth Bass1 Dark 深沉的合成贝司1366 Fast Resonant Bass 快速共鸣贝司367 Acid Bass 迷幻贝司368 Clavi Bass 击弦古钢琴贝司369 Techno Synth Bass 电子合成贝司370 Orbiter 人造卫星371 Square Bass 方波贝司372 Rubber Bass 橡胶贝司373 Hammer 槌音贝司374 Synth Bass 2 合成贝司2375 Mellow Synth Bass 圆润合成贝司376 Sequenced Bass 时序贝司377 Click Synth Bass 融洽的（咔嗒）合成贝司378 Synth Bass 2 Dark 深沉的合成贝司379 Smooth Synth Bass 细腻合成贝司380 Modular Synth Bass 标准合成贝司381 DX Bass DX贝司382 Xwire Bass383 Violin 小提琴384 Slow Violin 慢速小提琴385 Cello 大提琴386 Contrabass 低音大提琴387 Tremolo Strings 颤音弦乐388 Slow Tremolo Strings 慢速颤音弦乐389 Suspense Strings 含糊的弦乐390 Pizzicato Strings 拨奏弦乐391 Orchestral Harp 竖琴弦乐392 Timpani 定音鼓393 Strings1 弦乐合奏1394 Stereo Strings 立体声弦乐395 Slow Strings 慢速弦乐396 Arco Strings 弓弦乐397 60's Strings 60年代弦乐398 Orchestra 管弦乐队399 Orchestra2 管弦乐队2400 Tremolo Orchestra 颤音管弦乐401 Velocity Strings 力度弦乐402 Strings2 弦乐合奏2403 Stereo Slow Strings 立体声慢速弦乐404 Legato Strings 弦乐联奏405 Warm Strings 温和的弦乐406 Kingdom 极品（弦乐王国）407 70's Strings 70年代弦乐408 Strings3 弦乐合奏3409 Synth Strings1 合成弦乐1 410 Reso Strings 共鸣弦乐411 Synth Strings4 合成弦乐4 412 Synth Strings5 合成弦乐5 413 Synth Strings2 合成弦乐2 414 Choir Aahs 啊唱音415 Stereo Choir 立体声唱乐416 Mellow Choir 圆润的唱乐417 Choir Aahs2 啊唱音2 418 Choir Strings 唱音弦乐419 Voice Oohs 嗓音420 Synth Voice 合成嗓音421 Synth Voice2 合成嗓音2 422 Choral 合唱423 Analog Voice 模拟嗓音424 Orchestra Hit 管弦乐齐奏425 Orchestra Hit2 管弦乐齐奏2 426 Impact 冲击427 Trumpet 小号428 Trumpet2 小号2429 Brite Trumpet 明亮小号430 Warm Trumpet 温暖的小号431 Trombone 长号432 Trombone 2长号2433 Tuba 大号434 Tuba 2大号2435 Muted Trumpet 弱音小号436 French Horn 法国号437 French Horn Solo 独奏法国号438 French Horn2 法国号2 439 Horn Orchestra 号角管弦乐队440 Brass Section 铜管乐器组合441 Trumpet& Trombone Section 小号长号组合442 Brass Section2 铜管乐器组合2443 High Brass 高音铜管乐444 Mellow Brass 圆润（轻柔）铜管445 Synth Brass1 合成铜管乐1446 Quack Brass 嘈杂铜管组447 Resonant Synth Brass 共鸣合成铜管乐448 Poly Brass 多元铜管组449 Synth Brass3 合成铜管乐3450 Jump Brass 跳跃铜管组451 Ana Vel Brass1 模拟强力铜管组1452 Analog Brass1 模拟铜管组1453 Synth Brass3 合成铜管乐3454 Soft Brass 轻柔的铜管乐455 Synth Brass4 合成铜管乐4456 Choir Brass 教堂铜管乐457 Ana Vel Brass2 模拟强力铜管组2458 Analog Brass2 模拟铜管组2459 Soprano Sax 高音萨克斯460 Alto Sax 中音萨克斯461 Sax Section 组合萨克斯462 Hyper Alto Sax 超级次高音萨克斯463 Tenor Sax 次中音萨克斯464 Breathy Tenor Sax 喘息（呼吸）次中音萨克斯465 Soft Tenor Sax 轻柔次中音萨克斯466 Tenor Sax2 次中音萨克斯2467 Baritone Sax 中音萨克斯468 Oboe 双簧管469 English Horn 英国号（管）470 Bassoon 巴松管471 Clarinet 单簧管472 Piccolo 短笛473 Flute 长笛474 Recorder 竖笛475 Pan Flute 排萧476 Blown Bottle 吹瓶477 Shakuhachi 尺八478 Whistle 口哨479 Ocarina 奥卡里那埙480 Square Lead 方波主奏481 Square Lead 2方波主奏2482 LM Square LM方波483 Hollow 空洞音（山谷）484 Shroud 恐怖笼罩音485 Mellow 柔和音（圆润）486 Solo Sine 正弦独奏487 Sine Lead 正弦主奏488 Sawtooth Lead 锯齿波主奏489 Sawtooth Lead2 锯齿波主奏2490 Thick Sawtooth 厚重的锯齿波（密锯齿波）491 Dynamic Sawtooth 动态锯齿波492 Digital Sawtooth 数字锯齿波493 Big Lead 大主奏494 Heavy Synth 重合成495 Waspy Synth 蜂音合成496 Pulse Saw 跳跃合成497 Dr.Lead 主奏博士498 Velocity Lead 强力主奏499 Sequenced Analog 音序模拟器500 Calliope Lead 汽笛风琴主奏501 Pure Lead 纯拍击主奏502 Chiff Lead 雪纺主奏503 Rubby 摩擦音504 Charang Lead 沙朗主奏505 Distorted Lead 失真主奏506 Wire Lead 线圈合成507 Voice Lead 嗓音508 Synth Aahs 合成唱音啊509 Vox Lead 人声主奏510 Fifths Lead 五度音主奏511 Big Five 大五度512 Bass& Lead 低音和主音（贝司和主音）513 Big&Low 高音和低音514 Fat&Perky 丰满活泼515 Soft Whirl 轻柔委婉（委婉回旋）516 New Age Pad 新世纪长音517 Fantasy 幻觉518 Warm Pad 温暖长音519 Thick Pad 厚重长音520 Soft Pad 轻柔长音521 Sine Pad 正弦长音522 Horn Pad 号角长音523 Rotary Strings 旋转弦乐524 Poly Synth Pad 多合成长音525 Poly Pad80 多元长音80526 Click Pad 卡嗒长音527 Analog Pad 模拟长音528 Square Pad 方波长音529 Choir Pad 唱音长音530 Heaven 天堂长音531 Itopia 埃特皮亚532 CC Pad CC长音533 Bowed Pad 弯曲长音534 Glacier 冰川长音535 Glass Pad 玻璃长音536 Metallic Pad 金属长音537 Tine Pad 尖头长音538 Pan Pad 排长音539 Halo Pad 光环长音540 Sweep Pad 掠过长音541 Shwimmer 施维姆542 Converge 聚合长音543 Polar Pad 极点长音544 Celestial 天国长音545 Rain 雨546 Clavi Pad 击弦古钢琴长音547 Harmo Rain 春雨548 African Wind 非洲风549 Carib 加勒比550 Sound Track 脚步声551 Prologue 序幕552 Ancestral 祖先553 Crystal 水晶554 Synth Drum Comp 合成排鼓（合成鼓乐组）555 Popcorn 爆玉米花556 Tiny Bells 小铃557 Round Glockenspiel 钟琴（圆钟铃）558 Glockenspiel Chimes 编钟（奏乐钟铃）559 Clear Bells 响亮的钟（清铃）560 Chorus Bells 叠奏钟（叠奏钟铃）561 Synth Mallet 合成槌音562 Soft Crystal 悦耳的水晶（软水晶）563 Loud Glocken 大声钟琴564 Christmas Bells 圣诞钟565 Vibe Bells 振琴钟566 Digital Bells 数字钟567 Air Bells 悠扬的钟声（气玲）568 Bell Harp 竖琴和铃569 Gamelimba 木琴570 Atmosphere 大气571 Warm Atmosphere 温暖大气572 Hollow Release 沉闷的虚空（虚空）573 Nylon Electric Piano 尼龙弦电钢琴574 Nylon Harp 尼龙弦竖琴575 Harp Vox 竖琴声576 Atmosphere Pad 大气长音577 Planet 行星578 Brightness 明亮(闪亮）579 Fantasy Bells 幻想钟580 Smokey 烟雾581 Goblins 小妖（妖怪）582 Goblins Synth 合成小妖（合成妖怪）583 Creeper 曼草584 Ring Pad 铃声长音585 Ritual 宗教仪式（宗教典礼）586 To Heaven 向往天堂（升天）587 Night 黄昏（夜晚）588 Glisten 闪光589 Bell Choir 教堂钟（铃声合奏）590 Echoes 回声591 Echoes2 回声2592 Echoes Pad 回声摇动593 Echoes Bells 回声钟594 Big Pan 大锅595 Synth Piano 合成钢琴596 Creation 造物597 Star Dust 星尘598 Reso& Panning 共鸣与摇动599 Sci-Fi 科幻600 Starz 星际601 Banjo 班卓琴602 Sitar2 西塔琴2603 Detuned Sitar 消音西塔琴（失调西塔琴）604 Kalimba 卡林巴琴605 Bagpipe 苏格兰风笛（风笛）606 Fiddle 小提琴607 Shanai2 山奈琴2608 Tinkle Bell 电话铃（响铃）609 Muted Banjo 弱音斑鸠琴（轻柔班卓琴）610 Bonang 波南611 Altair 祈祷（埃而塔）612 Gamelan Gongs 加麦兰锣613 Stereo Gamelan Gongs 立体声加麦兰锣614 Rama Cymbal 罗摩钹615 Asian Bells 亚洲钟616 Agogo 阿果果617 Steel Drums 钢鼓618 Glass Percussion 玻璃打击乐619 Thai Bells 泰国钟（泰铃）620 Woodblock 木鱼621 Castanets 响板622 Taiko Drum 泰柯鼓623 Gran Cassa 葛兰卡萨624 Melodic Tom 旋律鼓625 Melodic Tom2 旋律鼓2 626 Real Tom 实心鼓627 Rock Tom 摇滚鼓628 Synth Drum 合成鼓629 Analog Tom 模拟鼓630 Electronic Percussion 电子打击乐器631 Reverse Cymbal 背钹632 Fret Noise 急促的噪声（音品噪音）633 Breath Noise 呼吸噪音634 Seashore 海滨635 Bird Tweet 鸟鸣636 Telephone Ring 电话铃637 Helicopter 直升机638 Applause 鼓掌639 Gunshot 枪声640 Cutting Noise 切割声641 Cutting Noise 2 切割声2 642 String Slap 击弦（弦乐鼓击）643 Flute Key Click 鸣笛（长笛音调）644 Shower 阵雨645 Thunder 雷鸣646 Wind 风声647 Stream 河流（溪流）648 Bubble 冒水泡（沸腾）649 Feed 输送650 Dog 犬（狗叫）651 Horse 马嘶652 Bird Tweet 2 鸟鸣2653 Maou 猫呜654 Phone Call 电话655 Door Squeak 门轴吱嘎声656 Door Slam 关门声657 Scratch Cut 刮擦声（擦割声）658 Scratch Split 劈裂声（切割声）659 Wind Chime 风铃660 Telephone Ring2 电话铃2661 Car Engine Ignition 发动汽车（汽车启动声）662 Car Tires Squeal 尖厉的车胎噪音663 Car Passing 汽车经过664 Car Crash 撞车（汽车碰撞）665 Siren 警报器666 Train 火车667 Jet Plane 喷气式飞机668 Starship 宇宙飞船669 Burst 爆炸670 Roller Coaster 船轴（货轮）671 Submarine 潜水艇672 Laugh 笑声673 Scream 尖叫声674 Punch 冲压机675 Heartbeat 心跳676 Footsteps 脚步677 Machine Gun 机关枪678 Laser Gun 雷射枪679 Explosion 爆破680 Firework 焰火681 Power Kit 金属鼓组682 Standard Kit 1 标准鼓组1683 Standard Kit 2 标准鼓组2684 Room Kit 室内鼓组685 Rock Kit 摇滚鼓组686 Electro Kit 电子鼓组687 T8 Kit688 T9 Kit689 Analog Kit 模拟打击乐690 Dance Kit 舞曲鼓组（舞曲打击乐）691 Brush Kit刷击鼓组（刷击打击乐）692 Jazz Kit 爵士鼓组(爵士打击乐)693 Symphony Kit 交响鼓组(交响打击乐)694 ArabicKit 阿拉伯打击乐695 Indian Kit1 印度打击乐1 696 Indian Kit 2 印度打击乐2 697 Cuban Kit 古巴打击乐。