汽修专业废气再循环对压力波增压器平均价值建模的影响大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
废气再循环对某SI缸内直喷发动机性能的影响
废气再循环对某 Ｓ Ｉ 缸 内直 喷发 动机 性 能 的影 响
吴 送
（ 上 海 交 通 大 学 汽 车 电 子 控 制 技 术 国 家工 程 试 验 室 ， 上海 ２ ０ ０ ２ ４ ０ ）
摘要 ：为挖掘 废 气再循 环 （ Ｅ ｘ ｈ ａ ｕ ｓ ｔ Ｇ ａ ｓ Ｒ ｅ ｃ ｉ ｒ ｃ ｕ ｌ ａ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ ， Ｅ Ｇ Ｒ） 技 术 的潜 力 ， 分 别 用热 力 学 第一 定律 和 热 力 学第二 定律 分析 中等 负荷 时 Ｅ Ｇ Ｒ对 某 Ｓ Ｉ 缸 内直 啧发 动机 的 影 响． 结 果表 明在 中等 负荷 时， Ｅ Ｇ Ｒ使缸 内传热损 失 和泵 气损 失减 小 ， 燃 烧不 可逆损 失有 所增 加．
Ａ ｂ ｓ ｔ ｒ ａ ｃ ｔ ： Ｔ ｏ ｅ ｘ ｐ ｌ ｏ ｒ ｅ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｐ ｏ ｔ ｅ ｎ ｔ ｉ ａ ｌ ｏ ｆ Ｅ ｘ ｈ ａ ｕ ｓ ｔ Ｇ ａ ｓ Ｒ ｅ ｃ ｉ ｒ ｃ ｕ ｌ ａ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ （ Ｅ Ｇ Ｒ ） ， ｔ ｈ ｅ ｅ ｆ ｆ ｅ ｃ ｔ ｏ ｆ Ｅ Ｇ Ｒ ｏ ｎ ａ Ｓ Ｉ ｄ ｉ ｒ ｅ ｃ ｔ
ｉ ● ■ ｎ ｊ ｅ ｃ ｔ ● ｉ ｏ ｎ ｅ ｎｇ ｉ ● ｎ ｅ ｐｅ ｒ ｔ ｎ ｏｒ ｍａ ｎ ｃ ｅ
Ｗ Ｕ Ｄａ
（ Ｎ ａ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ ａ ｌ Ｅ ｎ ｇ ｉ ｎ ｅ ｅ ｒ ｉ ｎ ｇ Ｌ ａ ｂ ｏ ｒ ａ ｔ ｏ ｒ ｙ ｆ ｏ ｒ Ａ ｕ ｔ ｏ ｍ ｏ ｔ ｉ ｖ ｅ Ｅ ｌ ｅ ｃ ｔ ｒ ｏ ｎ ｉ ｃ Ｃ ｏ ｎ ｔ ｒ ｏ ｌ Ｔ ｅ ｃ ｈ ｎ ｏ ｌ ｏ ｇ ｙ ， Ｓ ｈ ａ ｎ ｇ ｈ ａ ｉ Ｊ ｉ ａ ｏ ｔ ｏ ｎ ｇ Ｕ ｎ ｉ ｖ ｅ ｒ ｓ ｉ ｔ ｙ ， Ｓ ｈ ａ ｎ ｇ ｈ ａ ｉ ２ ０ ０ ２ ４ ０ ， Ｃ ｈ ｉ ｎ ａ ）
废气再循环对发动机性能和常规排放的影响研究
= Gr Ga + Gr
=
α r Ar
2g
Pex RTex
( Pex
−
Pe )
×100%
VL nPinηγ 2RaTin
+ α r Ar
2g
Pex RTex
( Pex
−
Pe )
（1-1）
式中 G——质量流量（kg/s），P——绝对压力（kPa），R——气体常数（kJ/(kmol*K)）VL—— 发动机排量，n——发动机转速（r/min），ηc——充气效率，α——流量系数，A——节流孔 面积。下标代号：a 为大气压力；in 为进气管；ex 为排气管处；r 为 EGR 回路；c 为废气引
2.2 容积流量型 EGR 率（EGRv）
当发动机的转速不变时，柴油机的进气量基本不发生变化。用层流流量计测流量，并计
算得到未进行排气再循环时吸入气缸的空气体积 Va0 ，然后再测出相同转速下进行排气再循 环时吸入气缸的空气量 Vr。在相同状态下，Vra = Va0 - Vr 为相对减少的量，即相当于进入气 缸内的废气量。这样，不需测量发动机的废气参数就可求出进入气缸的废气量。因此容积流
德国 Sartorius EA60 工业电子秤用来测量 DME 的油耗率，缸内压力数据通过瑞士 Kistler 公
司生产的 6125B 型压电石英非水冷式压力传感器采集，然后在 CB466 型燃烧综合分析仪上
显示输出，并得到示功图，最后利用 NHA-500 废气分析仪进行常规排放物 NOx、CO、HC、
=
[CO2 ]man − [CO2 ]bkg [CO2 ]exh − [CO2 ]bkg
×100%
（1-4）
式中[CO2] man——进气管中的CO2浓度；[CO2] exh ——排气管中CO2的浓度；[CO2] bkg ——在背景气体中CO2的浓度。通常情况下，[CO2] bkg =0；无EGR时，[CO2] man =[CO2] bkg。 使用CO2传感器测出CO2浓度，可方便求得EGRco2。类似这种二氧化碳浓度型EGR率评价方 法还有基于进气中O2体积分数的变化、基于排气中O2体积分数的变化、排气中CO2体积分数 的变化、基于过量空气系数Φa的变化，分别得到相应的EGR率评价指标；使用O2传感器或 CO2传感器测量O2和CO2度，可以计算得到各种EGR率，各种方法所得到的EGR率最大误差 为8%。
带有废气再循环的纯氧发动机热效率模拟优化研究
带有废气再循环的纯氧发动机
热效率模拟优化研究
于潇，付乐中，吴志军*
（同济大学汽车学院，上海，201804）
（Tel: 021-69589205 Email: 2010_yuxiao@）
燃烧学 编号：
摘要: 内燃兰金循环（ICRC）采用纯氧作为氧化剂促进汽油燃烧，并利用循环介质回收缸内废热、控 制燃烧速度。通过冷凝器分离废气中的二氧化碳和水，随后对二氧化碳进行回收，从而实现超低排放。 本文以再循环废气作为循环介质模拟研究了纯氧发动机在不同氧燃比下的循环热效率。结果表明，再 循环废气的引入会延长混合气的滞燃期，在对点火角进行优化后循环热效率可达到甚至超过无废气再 循环的工况。在不同氧燃比下均存在使其循环热效率达到最高的最优 EGR 率，且此 EGR 率随着氧燃比 的增大逐渐减小。循环热效率在氧燃比为 26.46，EGR 率为 5%时达到最高（42%）。 关键词: 内燃机；兰金循环；纯氧燃烧技术；EGR
由图可见，EGR 率对于不同氧燃比下燃烧循环的热效率起决定性作用。传统燃烧 循环下向缸内通入再循环废气可以控制缸内高温，进而控制氮氧化物的生成，但空气/ 汽油混合气反应速率较慢，由于再循环废气进一步降低了缸内混合气的燃烧速度，其 热效率及指示功率将进一步降低；而纯氧燃烧过程本身反应速率高，适量再循环废气 的引入可以控制燃烧速度，进而将压力升高率以及缸内最高压力控制在较为理想的区 域，故可以在带有 EGR 的情况下依然达到或超过无 EGR 工作循环的热效率。随着 EGR 率的增大，循环热效率及输出功率均呈现先增大再减小的趋势。
0.25
α=23.52
0.2
α=24.99
α=26.46
0.15
汽车废气排放文献翻译
北京化工大学北方学院NORTH COLLEGE OF BEIJING UNIVERSITY OFCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY外文文献原稿和译文学院：理工学院专业：汽车服务工程学号：*********姓名：***指导教师：***2011年10月外文文献原稿和译文原稿Measures for Reducing Gasoline Vehicle Exhaust EmissionsTongji University Ni Jimin Chen Lifan(shanghai 20000902)Shanhhai Municipal Bureau of Environment Protection Su GuodongZhang ZhengAbstract The tasks and demands of reducing gasoline vehicle emission and improving atmosphere environment for the government and automobile industries an indicated .The technology for reducing gasoline vehicle exhaust emissions and development and application of the catalytic converter systems are analyzed .Key words Automobile, Internal combustion engine,Exhaust emissions, Emission control1 IntroductionThe development of the car industry, on the one hand, for human society Economic development provides a convenient condition, on the other hand car waste Gas for human survival environment has also brought the increasingly serious Harm. The modern automobile development technology target from users Consider, first is safety, comfort and economy. From the ring The perspective, some of these requirements and low emission method Rules and policies of contradictory. Thismeans that the human to steamCar emission control technologies of performance requirements in government (environmental protection) departmentDoor and in automobile industry development is shown on this problem outThe contradiction and mutual coordination.2 Environmental protection and of the development of automobile industry coordinationIn order to control the car emissions, since the early 70 s on the world to create the automobile exhaust emission regulations (government departments door)，After constant improvement and correction, regulations become more and more strictly. Table 1 list Europe and the us federal government auto emissions regulations of the development process. In fact, sure car exhaust emission regulations limit is not difficult, but the problem is, in order to meet the requirements of the regulations, the auto industry into human, material and financial resources is countless. In addition, the development cycle usually need three to five years. Therefore, in the formulation and implementation of foreign auto emissions regulations, will the next round of the implementation of the regulations time and content, reported that in advance The auto industry has enough time to take appropriate measures. Therefore in the implementation of laws and regulations will not appear regulations and implementation of the auto industry production and development of the conflict.Recently, some place in domestic enacted or promulgated and implemented new auto emissions standards,The relevant departments of the state in the new national standard also specified.The focus of the discussion on these standards is to carry out fixed number of year. From the Angle of environmental protection, in order to and the international community, the implementation of the car as soon as possible strict emissions standards is imperative. But must leave room for the auto industry. Past due to various reasons, even make national standards, in fact no strict enforcement. On the other hand, formulate standards must also have a "advance", can't make the automotive industry.Improve the quality of atmospheric environment is a global problem, from auto industry to see, it is necessary to put into the corresponding human, material andfinancial resources to reduce vehicle exhaust emissions. If hold fluky psychology the, then, will eventually be out by the market.3 Reduce automobile exhaust emission pollution may wayReduce exhaust of atmosphere pollution can be from the following two aspects.（1）Reduce pollution emissionsReduce emissions is to reduce pollution and automobile exhaust emission, here related to:a.Auto technology. In addition to the engine technology, also related to power automobiles transmission system optimization, and the vehicle technology.b. The road traffic planning and design. Rational planning road, ensure good traffic road conditions and sparse traffic density, reduce automobile engines in idle speed and low load, so can reduce running time of the auto emissions;c. The car driving conditions. Car in off-design conditions (acceleration, slowing down, idle speed) and emission performance in relatively poor working conditions, the operation will greatly increase emissions. Here except and road traffic factors outside, and drivers driving habits have closely contact;d. Repair and maintenance. The heavy-duty automobile repair and maintenance is to guarantee the low pollution, one of the important measures.（2）Improve the diffusion and absorption in environmentHere the term car emissions (exhaust, fuel evaporation, the crankcase ventilation, etc) in the atmosphere spread. It involves:a.The geographical environment, such as location, wind power, wind, temperature and light, etc;b. The overall plan of the city, such as city buildings, green, etc.This shows, reduce automobile emissions is not only the auto industry and the environmental protection department, still with the vehicle management departments, public security department (the yearly check of vehicle license plate, permit system), the urban planning, the road traffic department are closely linked. Therefore, reduce automobile emissions is a systems engineering, need each department coordinate and work together.4 Reducing gasoline vehicle exhaust emissions measuresDomestic auto emissions in the world of advanced quality and low emission vehicle, there is a certain gap compared. If only on its own technology strength, to shorten in a short time. Therefore, the "jumping" (the introduction and absorption of advanced technology) measures is feasible, but also need to own development, because a technical measures will not be suitable for all kinds of models for different models, need a lot of matching the experimental research. This needs related department to make reduce auto emissions overall, sustainable planning.From lower auto emissions in terms of technology, according to the domestic and foreign long-term the results of study show that the different technical measures are likely to reduce emissions. But at the same time also can increase the system's complexity and affect other performance. Therefore, must be balanced various performance indicators.Reduce vehicle exhaust emissions not only with engine performance, but also related to power automobiles transmission system matching, optimizing the parameters of the close contact.In addition, also need according to the technical conditions at that time and auto emissions regulations and establish reasonable limit the technical route and research and development strategy. In addition, also need according to the technical conditions at that time and auto emissions regulations and establish reasonable limit the technical route and research and development strategy. German BMW to our company on the series of vehicle engine emission performance of low development research, for example, from on the whole, ensure power, economy and the premise of comfort, reduce the auto emissions technology lines from three aspects:①The camshaft adjustment system;②The mixture formation measures;③The gasoline engine control strategy. In view of the different models and the scope of application of requirements, take different approaches.⑴4 cylinder machine seriesThis type of the main requirements is low and medium speed range reduced emissions, reduce noise and fuel consumption, and ensure that the dynamic performance of the higher driving. For this, the through the expansion tank andincrease the trip in order to increase emissions; Optimization air intake system; Further development and improvement of the gasoline engine control functions and technology measures.⑵6 cylinder machine seriesFor this series of vehicle gasoline engine is required in the low speed and user commonly used speed range has large torque, can meet the LEV and European emissions of EUⅢrequirements, but also reduce the noise and fuel consumption. Therefore, the exhaust all the camshaft variable timing control system; In the secondary air cylinder head integrated channel; The characteristics of field control cooling medium temperature control system; The inlet resonance system. Near the gasoline engine exhaust chamber should Lord catalytic converter structure.⑶V model 8 cylinder engineV model 8 cylinder engine the gasoline engine for the BMW 5, 7 series models, the requirements to senior is further reduce emissions and fuel consumption, noise, and to ensure that the corresponding models of high power safety. Therefore, in 6 cylinder machine, and on the basis of using modern technology, such as the timing of the variable air intake system, adjust the camshaft with liquid cooled generator and the transmission oil and water heat exchanger, and close to the gasoline engine before technology such as catalytic converter.Using the inlet valve control system of the variable CAM, NOx in the steady-state can reduce by 50%, through the internal recycling HC gas down by 10%. In the warm-up phase, through the camshaft phase adjustment and put off the ignition can greatly improve the exhaust temperature, so as to reduce HC emissions.⑷V model 12 cylinder engineFor lower V type 12 cylinder engine HC emissions purpose, in V type 8 cylinders of the gasoline engine based on technology, and then using air around the injector and the characteristics of temperature and cooling medium field control method. In addition, also introduced a new concept of the waste gas purification, HC adsorption device, electrical heating catalytic converter and the traditional three-way catalytic converter and secondary air system combination technology.It is because of various models of emissions levels of emissions requirementsand the difference, so used different technical measures to coordinate, compared to solve the vehicle emissions caused by the lower cost increases and other performance could fall of conflict.5 To satisfy the more stringent emission regulations exhaust after-treatment technology developmentTraditional catalytic converter light-off temperature 250 ℃to 300 in usually ℃in gasoline engine, the cold start after 2 min or so time to reach the catalytic converter can temperature, and right now the exhaust fumes have accounted for about 80% of the total amount of circulation. Facing the more strict emissions regulations the LEV and European emissions of EUⅢrequirements. Therefore, to improve the cold start when the performance and shorten the catalytic converter purification to light-off temperature of the time became research and development goals. Therefore, can use such as stepless adjusting system, the camshaft exhaust air intake system controlled, delay the ignition, to improve the combustion stability and secondary air system and the waste gas aftertreatment systems, etc.6 conclusionFrom the above analysis, we can see that reduce vehicle exhaust emissions and development of the technology of closely related. The course of development and also by auto emissions regulations restrict, the coordination aspects in the contradiction is not. In addition, car emissions by many parameters constraints.Through the car design, the gasoline engine performance design, control system and coordination, will be more and more complicated by the system to meet SULEV like ULEV and EUⅢand EU Ⅳand strict regulation limits of requirements. Design and waste gas aftertreatment systems design of the overall planningReference1 Ni JiMin. Auto emissions standards, the implementation of small internal combustion engines.1996，（1）.2 Ni JiMin. Car hybrid engine, Tongji university press,11.1998.3 liqin. Generations of internal combustion engine exhaust pollutants measurement and control. Mechanical industry press.12.1998.译文降低汽油车废气排放的措施同济大学倪计民陈礼上海市环境保护局苏国栋张政（上海20090902）摘要本文提出了为降低汽油车废气排放，改善大气环境，政府部门和企业所面临的任务和要求；分析了降低汽油车废气排放技术、催化转化系统的开发和应用。
【最新】长沙理工大学毕业设计(论文)外文翻译模板
毕业设计(论文)外文翻译英文题目：Research of low power intelligent gas turbine flow meter based on MSP430 singlechip中文题目：基于MSP430单片机的低功耗智能气体涡轮流量计研究√论文□课题类别：设计□学生姓名：代涛学号： 200959060129班级： 065910901专业（全称）：热工过程自动化指导教师：周鹏展2013年 4 月基于MSP430单片机的低功耗智能气体涡轮流量计研究摘要：本文将介绍智能涡轮流量计测试仪，基于MSP430F149的处理器。
通过充分利用一个单芯片的计算和控制的能力，可显示瞬时流量及累计流量LED显示屏立即使用串行数据传输。
在此外，流量计的参数可以被设置为适应不同口径的管道，以改善精度。
此外，流量计还具有一个远程数据传输模块，其感测的流量和显示在屏幕上。
也可以配置该流量计由远程计算机上，改变其零点和范围，并运行自我诊断功能。
除此之外，它的使用在燃气涡轮机流量计，该系统也可以被用于实时显示的其他速度和容积式流量计。
关键词：MSP430F149，气体涡轮流量计，低电力，HART引言：流是一个非常重要的参数，在检测在工业生产中的控制。
在所有的制作涉及的处理可燃气的流媒体，液体或固体粉末，是一个检测并控制链路流媒体。
作为节约能源的出现，集成控制和管理系统，并迅速计算机和应用的发展技术，无论是在数量或质量方面，站点信息的过程和状态变量作为其中心更强调的是，更多和更好的流动性测量设备是需要的。
漩涡流量计具有高的优点测量精度，测量范围宽，小转动惯量，但测量的信号很容易受到变化影响的外部因素有严重干扰，并且存在断电的危险，所以传统的漩涡流量计的精度波动一个很多造成大的错误。
智能漩涡流使用MSP430F149单片机的电表不仅确保测量精度，同时也大大扩展了由于其超低功耗的电池寿命的特点。
为了满足用户的需求，系统增加HART模块设计人机接口包括现场示范，累计流量存储和键盘管理完成流体瞬时流量测量和监控。
废气再循环对某SI缸内直喷发动机性能的影响
废气再循环对某SI缸内直喷发动机性能的影响吴达【摘要】为挖掘废气再循环(Exhaust Gas Recirculation,EGR)技术的潜力,分别用热力学第一定律和热力学第二定律分析中等负荷时EGR对某SI缸内直喷发动机的影响.结果表明在中等负荷时,EGR使缸内传热损失和泵气损失减小,燃烧不可逆损失有所增加.【期刊名称】《计算机辅助工程》【年(卷),期】2013(022)002【总页数】4页(P7-9,50)【关键词】废气再循环;发动机;热力学;热效率;传热损失;泵气损失;GT-Power【作者】吴达【作者单位】上海交通大学汽车电子控制技术国家工程试验室,上海200240【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TK412.20 引言缸内直喷发动机越来越受到重视，其潜力仍待进一步开发.提高发动机功率和转矩，同时进一步降低燃油消耗和排放是缸内直喷汽油机未来发展的必然趋势.废气再循环(Exhaust Gas Recirculation，EGR)技术用于有效降低汽油机和柴油机NOx排放.EGR在改善排放的同时也提高发动机的性能:可以减少泵气损失，同时使缸内燃烧温度降低，减小传热损失.国内外对EGR技术已经进行较多研究［1-4］，本文通过GT-SUITE建立某SI缸内直喷汽油机GTPower仿真模型，对其在3 000 r/min，200 N·m的中等负荷工况下进行热力学第一定律和热力学第二定律分析，从而了解EGR改善发动机性能的机理.1 仿真模型和模型验证1.1 仿真模型本文基于GT-Power对发动机的进气、压缩、膨胀和排气等整个工作循环进行仿真模拟，燃烧模型采用SI Wiebe燃烧模型，缸内传热采用WoschniGT模型，通过进气成分考虑EGR的影响.仿真模型包括从压气机之后到涡轮机之前的发动机子模型.1.2 模型验证首先保证进气歧管和排气歧管处的温度压力与试验数据吻合，同时保证空气流量与试验数据在一定的误差范围内，最后依据试验测得的燃烧相位标定燃烧模型，使最终的缸压曲线与试验数据能够吻合.采用的EGR率分别为0，8%，12%和17%，分别调试仿真模型，使模型的缸压曲线与试验数据吻合，不同EGR率下缸内压力对比见图1.2 热力学第一定律与第二定律2.1 热力学第一定律能量守恒与转换定律是自然界的一个基本规律.它指出:自然界中一切物质都具有能量;能量既不可能被创造，也不可能被消灭，只能从一种形式转变为另一种形式;在转换中，能的总量保持不变.热力学第一定律是能量守恒与转换定律在热力学中的应用，它确定热能与其他形式能量相互转换时在数量上的关系.热力学第一定律是热力学的基本定律，适用于一切工质和一切热力过程.基于热力学第一定律，发动机循环满足能量守恒方程式式中:Q为燃油完全燃烧的热量;Qe为转变为有效功的热量;Qw为缸内传热损失;Qr 为废气带走的热量，Qb为不完全燃烧的热量损失;Qp为泵气损失;Qf为摩擦损失.2.2 热力学第二定律热力学第二定律是揭示热力过程方向、条件与限度的定律，自然界的变化过程是不可逆的，显然发动机循环也是一种不可逆的过程.热力学第二定律分析法也称作可用能分析法.基于热力学第二定律，发动机循环过程中，在进、排气门都关闭期间，可以将发动机内工质视为一个孤立的系统，与外界没有物质交换，且满足可用能平衡方程式中:Es为起始时缸内工质的可用能总和;Eq为与外界的传热损失;Ew为指示功;Er 为燃烧结束时缸内工质可用能总和，Eb为不完全燃烧损失部分;I为燃烧不可逆损失.Es包括工质热机械有用能Eth和燃料可用能Ech二部分.［5-8］式中:U为内能;S为熵;V为各曲轴转角对应的工质体积;下标0表示标准环境状态时的对应值.对于燃料 CxHy，燃料的可用能［7-8］为Ech=(1.042 24+0.011 925(y/x)-0.042/x)×mVLH式中:VLH为汽油低热值.对于汽油工质指示功和与外界的传热损失［9-10］为3 结果分析3.1 热力学第一定律分析结果图2 缸内传热损失Fig.2 Cylinder heat transfer loss(1)缸内传热损失结果.如图2所示，缸内传热损失随着EGR率的增加而减小，这也是大量研究所公认的事实，当残余废气引入到缸内燃烧时，尾气中大量的CO2不参与燃烧，却吸收大量的热量，起到稀释燃烧的作用，导致燃烧温度变低，使工质与气缸壁面温差减小，最后导致缸内传热损失大幅减小.(2)泵气损失和摩擦损失结果.发动机泵气损失和摩擦损失见图3.当EGR引入到进气歧管后，为保证一定的负荷，必须有一定量的新鲜空气，所以必须增加节气门的开度，从而保证泵气损失减小.然而，EGR的引入使缸内气体量增多，导致缸内压力增加，从而使摩擦损失增加.二者是竞争关系.图3 泵气损失和摩擦损失Fig.3 Pumping loss and friction loss(3)指示效率和有效效率结果.发动机的热效率见图4，随着EGR率的增加，缸内传热损失减小，泵气损失的减小使发动机的指示效率和有效效率都得到较大改善.这也论证EGR技术可以改善汽油机性能的观点.图4 热效率Fig.4 Thermal efficiency(4)能量守恒结果.发动机循环的热平衡分析结果见图5.热平衡结果是对上述分析的总结，可知，发动机热效率的增加主要是归功于缸内传热损失的减小，在EGR率达到17%时，有效效率提高2.55%，对发动机油耗有比较大的改善.图5 发动机循环的热平衡分析结果Fig.5 Analysis result of thermal equilibrium in engine working cycle3.2 热力学第二定律分析结果发动机可用能平衡分析结果见图6，可知，传热损失随着EGR率的增加而减小，然而随着EGR率的增加，燃烧的不可逆损失随之增加，这主要由于EGR的增加使燃烧温度降低，增加燃烧不可逆损失，这与SHYANI等［11］的研究结果一致.图6 发动机可用能平衡分析结果Fig.6 Analysis result of available engine energy4 结论基于某SI缸内直喷汽油机的GT-Power模型，根据热力学第一和第二定律分析在中等负荷下EGR对发动机性能改善的机理，结果表明:(1)随着EGR率的增加，缸内传热损失减小.(2)随着EGR率的增加，泵气损失减小，然而摩擦损失增加.(3)EGR的引入使燃烧的不可逆损失增加.EGR技术改善该发动机的油耗，当EGR率达到17%时，发动机的热效率提高2.55%.参考文献:【相关文献】［1］CHA J Y，KWON J H，CHO Y J，et al.The effect of exhaust gas recirculation(EGR)on combustion stability，engine performance and exhaust emissions in a gasoline engine ［J］.KSME Int J，2001，15(10):1442-1450.［2］ALLENBY S，CHANG W C，MEGARITIS A，et al.Hydrogen enrichment:a way to maintain combustion stability in a natural gasfuelled engine with exhaust gas recirculation，the potential of fuel reforming［J］.J Automobile Eng，2001，215(3):405-418.［3］HOEPKE B，JANNSEN S，KASSERIS E，et al.EGR effects on boosted SI engine operation and knock integral correlation［J］.SAE Int J Engines，2012，5(2):547-559. ［4］VÍTEK O，MACEK J，POLÁŠEK M，et parison of different EGR solutions［C］//Proc SAE world congress＆ exhibition，Detroit，USA，SAE paper 2008-01-0206:SAE Int，2008.［5］REZAPOUR K.Availability analysis of a bi-fuel SI engine model for improvement its performance［J］.IJTPE J，2012，4(11):115-121.［6］朱明善，刘颖，林兆庄，等.工程热力学［M］.北京:清华大学出版社，1995.［7］毕小平，林德群.汽油机燃烧过程的能量可用性和不可逆性变化率分析［J］.内燃机学报，2000，18(1):40-43.BI Xiaoping，LIN Dequn.Analysis of availability and irreversibility rateof combustion process in a gasoline engine［J］.Trans Csice，2000，18(1):40-43.［8］SEZER I，BILGIN A.Mathematical analysis of spark ignition engine operation via the combination of the first and second laws of thermodynamics［C］//Proc R Soc A:Math，phys＆ Eng Sci，2008，464(2100):3107-3128.［9］冯洪庆，杨肖曦，邵长彬，等.基于双区模型的汽油机燃烧过程可用能及不可逆损失分析［J］.燃烧科学与技术，2010，16(2):128-132.FENG Hongqing，YANG Xiaoxi，SHAO Changbin，et al.Availability and irreversibility analysis of combustion process for gasoline engine based on two-zone model［J］.J Combustion Sci＆ Technol，2010，16(2):128-132. ［10］RAKOPOULOS C D，GIAKOUMIS E G.Second-law analyses applied to internal combustion engines operation［J］.Prog Energy＆ Combustion Sci，2006，32(1):2-47. ［11］SHYANI R G，CATON J A.A thermodynamic analysis of the use of exhaust gas recirculation in spark ignition engines including the second law?。
EGR(发动机废气再循环)行业分析报告
EGR（发动机废气再循环）行业分析报告一、定义EGR全称为Exhaust Gas Recirculation，即发动机废气再循环，是一种汽油和柴油车排放减少技术。
它将部分废气从汽车废气管道中回收，重新进入发动机燃烧室，以降低燃烧的温度，减少有害氮氧化物的产生。
二、分类特点EGR按照实现方式可分为高压EGR和低压EGR。
按照性质可分为机械EGR和电子EGR。
高压EGR通过向空气冷却器送回部分废气，进而通过新的进气道使完全混合，从而有效降低氧含量，控制燃烧室温度和有害气体排放。
低压EGR在进入发动机的后处理期间清洗NOx的同时，通过降低燃烧室温度和NOx的生成，减少连接到空气冷却器的流量，达到减少NOx的目的。
三、产业链EGR的产业链主要包括废气处理企业和汽车生产企业两个主要部分。
废气处理企业主要涉及ETC和前装式废气处理器、SCR、LNT等领域，以产生适合进入汽车引擎的废气为主。
汽车生产企业涉及汽车制造、全球汽车厂车型设计、零部件供应等，其中，涉及到废气处理系统的有汽车厂赛伟、伟东、雅叶、条形码、散热器和制造商包括博世、曼特罗尔、废气控制、VDO和伊顿等。
四、发展历程随着环保意识的提高，对发动机废气排放量的要求日益严格。
汽车生产企业也在逐步应对严格的排放限制。
但是发动机排放的废气中含有很多有毒有害的氧化物质，如NOx，对人体和环境产生很大的威胁，于是EGR盈利成为一种应对废气排放危害的技术手段，被广泛地引入汽车和轻型商用车这两个领域。
2000年以前，EGR 技术的市场规模较小，主要应用于大型重型车辆。
2000年左右，由于大气污染防治工作的不断加强，EGR 技术逐渐引入轻型汽车、客车等小型车市场。
此时EGR 行业正处于高速成长时期。
到了2004 年，EGR 占据了90% 的市场份额。
2007 年和2008 年底，EGR 技术逐渐被SCR 技术替代，EGR 行业遭遇低谷。
2010 年，SCR 技术因需要使用尿素一度不受欢迎，EGR 技术再次兴旺起来。
不同压缩比米勒循环和低压废气再循环对增压直喷汽油机性能影响
黄昭明】，沈 凯％,安宗权3,陈伟国'，潘金元4 (1.河海大学文天学院，马鞍山243031；2.上海理工大学机械工程学院，上海200093%.江苏大学 汽车与交通工程学院，镇江212013%.奇瑞汽车股份有限公司汽车工程技术研发总院，芜湖241006)
Effects of Miller Cycle of Different Compression Ratios and Low Pressure EGR on Performance of Turbocharged Gasoline Direct Injection Engine
HUANG Zhaoming1 ,SHEN Kai2, AN Zongquan3 ,CHEN Weiguo4, PAN Jinyuan4
(1. Wentian College， Hohai University，Maanshan 243031，China； 2 SchoolofMechanicalEngineering#ienceandTechnology#Shanghai200093#China%
Abstract: One new cam and three new pistons were designed for a turbocharged gasoline direct injection
(GDI) engine to realize high compression ratio Miller cycle. Moreover，exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) was adopted for the engine. The effects of the Miller cycle of different compression ratios and EGR on engine performance wereinvestigated experimenta ly. The results show that there is a trade-o f between high compressionratioandthe Milercycleintermsofknocking.Thefuelconsumptionofthehighcompression ratio Miller cycle at low speeds with full load is slightly higher than that of the original engine; while low pressure cooled EGR can apparen+ly improve engine fuel economy a+fu l+hro+le charac+eris+ics condi ions due+oopimizedcombus+ionphasewi+hi+sdilu+ionandcoolingefec+.A+par+loads +hehighcompression ra+io Milercyclecanlowerfuelconsump+ionby6.3%.Wi+hlowpressurecooledEGRfuelconsump+ioncan be further reduced by 3.1%. A conclusion can be drawn： The Miller cycle with a proper compression ratio andalowpressurecooledEGRcangreatlyimproveenginefueleconomy.
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翻译日期： 2017.02.14
进气管和排气管之间的负面压力差造成发动机的吸气损失。
这就是为什么自然吸气汽油机在部分负荷条件下低功率运行的原因。
下面是几种改善这种情况的方法：
1．缸内直喷稀薄燃烧发动机
2．高速发动机
3．小型增压高速发动机
4．小型增压超速发动机
概念1试图通过一个精简发动机的运行模式来减少燃料消耗这仍然是一个当前正在研究的课题，因此没有进一步讨论。
与此相反，发动机概念2、3和4通过降低发动机排量来尽量避免泵气损失。
相对普通汽油机，精简发动机更经常在节流不易损失的高负荷状态下运行，这导致了泵气损失可以忽略不计。
发动机在接近最经济的工作点运行。
通过缩小发动机来降低发动机动力回升的可能是：·提高发动机转速
·上述环境压力加大进气歧管压力
由于发动机在高速运行时引起的噪声，第一个概念对客车来说不是一个适当的选择。
第二个概念是增加进气歧管压力至大于大气压来恢复损失的发动机动力。
通过下面的途径可能实现：
·机械增压
·涡轮增压
·压力波增压器
增压器在发动机曲轴机械能（机械增压器）或者是排气热能（涡轮增压气或者是压力波增压器）的作用下压缩新鲜空气。
在增压状态下，发动机上的压力差变成零或者是正数。
（如图1.1，举了一个涡轮增压汽油机的例子）：
P im—P em≥0：增压发动机运转
图1.1:带有旁通阀的涡轮增压汽油机；a：外界大气；im：进气歧管；em：排气歧管；1：压缩机前；2：压缩机后；3：涡轮机前；4：涡轮机后。