从《功夫熊猫》中西文化差异共33页文档
论电影《功夫熊猫》中的中西文化元素
毕业论文The Study on Chinese and Western Cultural Factors in theFilm Kung Fu Panda论电影《功夫熊猫》中的中西文化元素学院）专业级班学生姓名学号指导教师职称完成日期教务处制Abstract: The Film Kung Fu Panda showed in 2008, which achieved a gross of six hundred millions around the whole world, was really a successful implantation of Chinese cultural factors.The great success of this film is a result of perfect combination of Chinese and Western cultural factors. This thesis introduces the functions of film culture, and studies the Chinese and Western cultural factors in the film. It aims to make a study into the film Kung Fu Panda, analyzing the mergence of Chinese and Western cultural factors to see how foreigners understand and make good use of Chinese cultural factors and further offer some helpful advice for Chinese cultural development.Key words: Cultural Factors; Kung Fu Panda; Cultural mergenceContentsIntroduction (1)1. The Film Kung Fu Panda (1)1.1 Brief Introduction of the Film (1)1.2 Chinese Factors in the Film (2)1.2.1 Chinese Images (2)1.2.2 Chinglish (2)1.2.3 The Theory of Taoism (2)1.2.4 The Theory of Confucianism (3)1.2.5 The Theory of Buddhism (3)1.3 Western Factors in the Film (4)1.3.1 Individual Heroism (4)1.3.2 Freedom & Equality (4)1.3.3 Christian Culture (5)1.3.4 The American Dream (5)1.3.5 American Humor (5)2. Combination of Chinese and Western Factors in the Film (5)2.1 The Combination of Chinese Factors and American Ideas (5)2.2 The Combination of Traditional Spirit of Two Cultures (6)2.3 The Combination of Two Values (6)2.4 The Combination of Images (6)3. Enlightenment from the Film (7)3.1 Enlightenment for Chinese Animation Industry (7)3.2 Enlightenment for the Spread of Chinese Kung Fu (8)3.3 Enlightenment for the Spread of Chinese Culture (8)3.3.1 Cultural Consciousness (8)3.3.2 Cultural Renewal (8)3.3.3 Cultural Coexistence (9)4. Suggestions (9)4.1Comprend Both Chinese and Western Cultures (9)4.2Learn the Languages of Other Cultures (9)4.3 Self-renewal (10)Conclusion (10)Biography (11)IntroductionIn modern society, watching film at cinema has become one of the popular patterns of killing time. The film develops into an important mean of demonstrating art and enjoying the culture, which evolves into a cultural function of globalization. Especially under the evolution of Internet and technology of digital multimedia, the improvement of film industry has widely spread. Researches of film are full of realistic significance since the film industry became such a paramount component of culture.Taking film as a research subject originated in the colleges of Western countries at the later period of 1960s. Film is an outcome of the Second Industrial Revolution (evolution of electricity, steel, chemistry and communication all happened at the end of 19th century). And the technology and science had entered into an extremely new epoch at that time which could be witnessed by the cine-camera invented by the company of Thomas Alva，the cine film improved by the company of George Eastman and the gramophone produced by Bell Telephone Company. These scientific and technological achievements had given a great impetus to the development of film industry.As a result of the popularization, film has become a part of our life which brings not only entertainment, but also enlightenment. The core of a film is the attitude and culture it demonstrates, rather than the stories and scenes it shows directly. Films with diverse themes can reveal diverse values and aspects of culture. And the film culture includes advertisings, publicity and the process of appreciating, etc. The whole progress can bring great profit for the company and the country.1. The Film Kung Fu Panda1.1 Brief Introduction of the MovieThe film of Kung Fu Panda released and achieved a gross of six hundred millions around the whole world i n 2008. Compared with the other film showed at 1998 “HUA MuLan” produced by Disney，Kung Fu Panda was really an immense success . These two films were both animated movies applying and packing the Chinese factors. However, the achievements of them were extraordinary .Why? The reason is that Kung Fu Panda is a good example of proper using of Chinese factors while perfectly merging Chinese factors and Western factors.The story of Kung Fu Panda happened in a place called “Peace Valley”. The hero is a fat panda named Poe, who was the son of the boss of a noodle shop. Poe dreamed of becoming a Kung Fu hero like Furious Five. Furious Five were five disciples of the Master racoon which included Tiger, Snake, Crane, Monkey and Mantis with excellent skills of Kung Fu. Unfortunately, the most outstanding disciple of the Master was Tai Lung, a dangerous leopard with wild ambitions. He failed to get the Dragon Scroll and decided to revenge to the citizens in “Peace Valley”. Although the Master Oogway defeated him and sent him into prison, Tai Lung still had the opportunity to escape at any time. In order to protect the citizens in “Peace Valley”, the old Master Oogway decided to hold a competition, selecting a Dragon fighter from the citizens. Poe went to watch this competitive game with other citizens. But he was chosen as the Dragon fighter accidentally. Furious Five and Master raccoon were really disappointed at this result and hated Poe at first. Master raccoon tried his best to drive Poe out. But under the instructions of Master Oogway, Master raccoon noticed his own fault and found out an effective way to teach Poe at the end. It was a special me thod called “Food Attract”, formulated according1to Poe‟s personality. The Master forced Poe to train by giving him delicious food as rewards. Through this targeted method, Poe became a real Dragon fighter and found the true power of Dragon Scroll which helped him defeat Tai Lung. He made his dream come true and brought peace back to “Peace Valley”, which brought him the respect and pride from Furious Five and Master raccoon.To summarize, this was a story of how an unimportant person with a great dream grew to bea great man at the end.1.2 Chinese Factors in the Film1.2.1 Chinese ImagesOne of the obvious characteristics of this film is the wide use of Chinese factors. There are a lot of Chinese images in the film.Firstly, the hero of the film is a panda, the national treasure of China. Panda is a particular sign of China, expressing the spirit of China, and is responsible for spreading the kindness and friendliness of Chinese people. On one hand, using panda as a hero can make Chinese people felt so acquainted and comfortable that they will be willing to pay for it. On the other hand, for the American people, panda is a factor coming from foreign country which will stimulate their desire to watch the movie.Secondly, the major theme and clue of the film is Chinese Kung Fu. The traditional mark of Dream Factory in the film was an old man with a bamboo hat sitting down on the moon. And at the beginning of the film, the scene that Poe drew a sword to render help is also a typical kind of Kung Fu. Meanwhile, most of the skills of Master raccoon are classical components of Chinese Kung Fu, such as “one finger scrubbing”,“Tai Ji”, “Wushi Fingers Hold”, etc.There are also other Chinese images in the film. Such as Chinese food, Chinese buildings, Chinese paintings, Chinese mahjong, Chinese musical instruments, Chinese handwriting, and Traditional Chinese medicine. Special images like noodle, bean bun, tofu, dumplings were included in the film, too.1.2.2 ChinglishAs we all know, the vocabulary of English includes lots of foreign words. Chinglish was the saying of English words invented by Chinese English learners which retains the style and character of Chinese. In the film, there are lots of words of Chinglish which can demonstrate Chinese traditional culture and spirit. Here is a list:Names of roles: Poe, Master Wugui, Master Shifu and Dragon WarriorNames of places: Jade Palace, Peace Valley.Names of food: noodle, tofu, bean bun, dumpling.Names of weapons: Master Flying‟ Armor, the Sword of HeroesNames of Kong Fu: the Wushi Fingers Hold, full split, crazy feet.The great quantity of these vocabularies can make the film easier to understand and be accepted by Chinese spectators. And at the same time it can enhance the introduction of Chinese words into English vocabulary.1.2.3 The Theory of TaoismThe theory of Taoism is a wonderful and valuable treasure of Chinese philosophy which plays an important role in Chinese traditional culture and makes a huge impact on the development of Chinese society.The cor e theory of Taoism includes the value of “governing by doing nothing that goes2against nature”, “Harmony between man and nature”, and “Static and dynamic”, etc.The film has built the conflict of Master Oogway and Master raccoon, stating the contradiction between Poe and Tai Lung. Master Oogway and Poe respect the power of quiescence while the Master raccoon and Tai Lung sign the influence of dynamic. Many lines in the film also demonstrate the theory of Taoism, like “Your mind is like this water, my friend, when it is agitated, it become difficult to see, but if you allow it to settle, the answer becomes clear.” This sentence just shows the power of quiescence. “Yes, look at this tree Chive, I can not make it blossom and suit me, nor make it bear food befor e it‟s time”, said by Master Oogway, However, the Master raccoon said” There are things we can control. I can control when the fruit will fall. And I can control what to seed. This is not illusion, Master.” Their discussion here has showed the theory of La o Tsu, “Nature, the principle of …philosophical aesthetic‟”.The most obvious application of the theory of Taoism in the film is the design of the Dragon Scroll. At the end of the film, the most mysterious and sovereign thing of Dragon Scroll is nothing. I t‟s out of the expectation of Tai Lung and all of the spectators. This design just complies with the theory of “governing by doing nothing that goes against nature”.1.2.4 The Theory of ConfucianismThe theory of Confucianism was put forward by Confucius, a famous and outstanding philosopher in the Period of Autumn and Spring. The theory of Confucianism is the biggest school of thoughts and dominant ideologies in ancient China, having a profoundly and deeply influence on China, even on the world.Maintaining “rule by propriety”, advocating “benevolence”, paying attention to “man”, these three arguments are the core values of Confucianism. The theory of Confucianism insists that all the things should have their own etiquette and rules, and everyone should obey this order. People should revere their king, and the sons should respect their fathers. No one can violate the basic order.In the film, Poe called raccoon Master instead of his name. And at the end of the film, when Poe defeat Tai Lung and came back t o “Peace Valley”, all the citizens called him Master and made a bow with hands folded in front. Their behaviors all embody the theory of “rule by propriety”.Advocating “benevolence” means teaching and governing people with ethics. Confucianism considered that everybody, no matter bad or good, could be educated by ethics. When the Master raccoon lost himself and his own faith, the Master Oogway never gave up but trying his best to help him build confidence. Master Oogway said: “you just need to believe.” E verything can be guided towards the right direction.Paying attention to “man” is the other core ideology of Confucianism, which emphasizing the individuality of humanity and thinks highly of the improvement of people‟s ethics and sympathy. And to some ext ent, paying attention to “man” means respecting the differences of different people and educating them by individualized ways. This is also called “competency-based instructing”. In the film, Poe, whose sole hobby is eating, is a very fat panda with no talent in learning Kung Fu. He is clumsy and lazy, reflecting slowly. However, the Master raccoon didn‟t give him up and explored his potential. Focusing on Poe‟s special hobby, Master raccoon designed the “Food Attract” and finally modeled Poe as a Kung Fu h ero.1.2.5 The Theory of BuddhismAs one of the three major religions in the world, Buddhism originated from ancient India in 1026 BC and was introduced into ancient China in the late of Western Han Dynasty through the3Silk Road. Buddhism was built by the prince of Kapilavatthu, a small country near the Himalayas where is in the country of Nepal today. As the wheel of history turning, the religious doctrine of Buddhism has profoundly integrated into the Chinese culture and has a far-reaching influence on the lives of Chinese people.In the film, every scene Master Oogway appeared indicated the spirit of “Chan” which is a core value of Buddhism. For example, when Master Oogway was practicing Tai Chi Chuan under the tree of peach, the Master raccoon came an d said: “I have some bad news.” The Master Oogway answered:” oh, Shifu, there is just news. There is no good or bad.” And when the Master raccoon told that the chosen of Poe was just an accident, the Master Oogway said that there were no accidents. Moreove r, he comforted Master raccoon: “My old friend, the panda will never fulfill his destiny, nor you yours until you let go of the illusion of control.” Here, the word “let go” is a phrase of Buddhism which has the similar meaning with the sentence of “The bu tcher who lays down his knife, becomes a Buddha at once.”The fatalism is another main viewpoint of Buddhism. The Buddhism thinks that everything in the nature has its own destiny and no one can get rid of it. When the Master raccoon said that he could con trol where to seed the peach tree, the Master Oogway said: “Ah, yes, but no matter what you do, that seed will grow into a peach tree. You may wish for an apple or an orange, but you will get a peach.” It means that everything is destined that nothing can change the result. The Master Oogway did believe that to be a Dragon Fighter was the destiny of Poe. He was fated to defeat Tai Lung. So he persuaded Master raccoon that “You just need to believe it.” And when noticed that he was going to die, he said: “my time has come”, and then he disappeared and left a lot of peach blossom. All these designs can show the fatalism in Buddhism.1.3 Western Factors in the Film1.3.1 Individual HeroismIndividualism is often regarded as the landmark of American society. Individualism was a notion emerged in the Renaissance which is a basic and paramount component of humanism. It emphasizes the power and the freedom of individual. And the Individual Heroism is an inevitable result of the emphasizing of individualism.Individual Heroism is always the eternal theme of American films, including Kung Fu Panda. The panda is the national treasure of China whose general image is always very kind. However, the figure of Poe is astonishing and out of expectation as he is selfish, non-modest, and always takes himself as the centre and never consider other‟s feeling. These characteristics are representative of the American instead of the Chinese. Poe is a Chinese panda, but actually he is an American. He was totally a product of American culture.Meanwhile, in the film, Poe was chosen as the best one to defeat Tai Lung. It seems that no one can defeat Tai Lung and save the lives of all the citizens of “Peace Valley”, except Poe. Even the Furious Five and Master raccoon could not take charge in the task.Apparently, the film Kung Fu Panda has the spirit of Taoism of Chinese culture. Moreover, under the cover of Taoism is the ideology of American freedom and equality.1.3.2 Freedom & Equality“Freedom has been hunted round the globe. Asia an d Africa have expelled her. Europe regards her like stranger, and English has given her warning to depart. O! Receive the fugitive, and prepare in time an asylum for mankind.” This is a section from the Common Sense of Thomas Paine‟s pamphlet about the spi rit of freedom. Freedom and equality is another crucial connotation of American culture.4Although the film has emphasized the etiquette of China many times, the relationship between Poe and Master raccoon was equal and free. For example, there was one scene that Poe imitated the action of Master raccoon when he was eating noodles with Furious Five. And the other scene that Poe criticized Master raccoon directly then decided to go down off the hill. These phenomena all seem to be impossible in ancient China because no one had courage to oppose the Confucianism at that time.1.3.3 Christian CultureAs we know, the first migrates coming to America were those Puritans who came here for escaping from the religious persecution. Hence, Christian culture is another characteristic of America.The choice of Dragon Fighter in the film is a marked demonstration of the fatalism of the Christian culture. In the film, the Master Oogway did believe that to be a Dragon Fighter was the destiny of Poe. He was fated to defeat Tai Lung. And the combat between him and Master raccoon all showed the power of fatalism. On one hand, these scenes can explain the culture of Chinese Buddhism. On the other hand, they can also demonstrate the characteristic of Christian culture.1.3.4 The American DreamThe appeal of the film Kung Fu Panda is that everybody has his own dream and everybody can make his dream come true as long as he try his best. No matter how ordinary he is. There is no superpower or secret of success. Just do believe yourself, do everything you like and boost your potential, then you will realize your dream. This is the traditional model of the American Dream.Firstly, th e “Peace Valley” was an ideal place full of opportunities for Poe .Poe was chosen to be the Dragon Fighter by accident here. “Peace Valley” was a stage for Poe to fulfill his dream.Secondly, Poe achieved his American dream because of his positive attitude toward life. Although he was fat, clumsy and had no talent in learning Kung Fu, he was still full of confidence and never gave up.In addition, at the end of the film, the secret of Dragon Scroll was blank and Poe finally found the tip was “just do believe yourself”. “Do believe yourself”, is the crucial meaning of American dream.1.3.5 American HumorAnther feature of the film of Kung Fu Panda is the extensive use of American humor. American humor has made the film more popular and easier to understand. Here are some examples:“Don‟t stand that close. I can smell your breath.”“You will never be the Dragon Warrior unless you lose 500 pounds and brush your teeth.”“Probably I loosened up for you through. OK, here goes.”“It‟s OK. I didn‟t get it the first time, either.”“Stop it, I‟m going to pee.”2. Combination of Chinese and Western Factors in the Film2.1 The Combination of Chinese Factors and American IdeasThe Chinese factors of the film do not exist separately, but combining with the American5ideas and those factors integrate perfectly into the phrase of the film. For American spectators, the Chinese factors are not completely strange and unacceptable. Because it is a film having Chinese factors as its coat and having American value as nucleus.In the film, American idea was the outline, and there were lots of Chinese factors under this outline.Firstly, for the aspect of words using, the Master Oogway wearing Han Chinese clothing imitated the well-known saying of Hamlet “To be or not to be”, “Quit, don‟t quit? Noodles, don‟t noodles?” And he also quoted anther famous English saying “Yesterday is history; tomorrow is a mystery; but today is a gift. That is why it is called present.” All of these words are from American culture.Secondly, there are kinds of American thinking modes and concepts in the film. For example, “Service with a smile” a traditional concept of service in America.2.2 The Combination of Traditional Spirit of Two CulturesAt the second part of this article, we have discussed that the chosen of Dragon Fighter is a demonstration of the fatalism in Buddhism. However, in the western culture, when the King of ancient Israel inherited the throne, people had to put the oil on the head of the King, which symbolized that it was God‟s blessing. And as time goes by, this custom transferred to the knowledge of that the Saviour of the world was the chosen one by god. This is another important characteristic of Christianity. The chosen of Dragon Fighter in the film of Kung Fu Panda exactly interprets “the chosen one” from Christianity. The Kung Fu Panda is a combination of traditional spirit of Chinese and Western.2.3 The Combination of Two ValuesIn western society, as the connotation of democracy and legal system have rooted in people‟s mind, the W estern culture emphasizes on intellectual property right, dignity, freedom and independence, asking people to be responsible for their own fates. Dante had clearly put forward that man was living for his own purposes, not for the purposes of others. And emphasizing personal value is an important part of the spirit of American culture which maintains the personal struggle to realize the value of life. They believe that “God helps those who help themselves”. In the film of Kung Fu Panda, Poe was the laziest animals in the “Peace Valley”, but he had made his dream come true at last through his personal struggle. This is a typical behavior of American individualism.Nonetheless, unlike the western society, Chinese culture insists that individual be responsible for others and his collective. They consider that the value of a man exists and realizes basically on group consciousness so that they need to devote themselves to the group which they belong to. And only by following this way can they realize their values. In the film, when Tai Lung made threat to the safe of “Peace Valley”, the Master raccoon and the Furious Five all stood up and tried their best efforts to protect the citizens. Their collective behavior had a deeply impact on Poe and reminded him his responsibility whenever he faced kinds of danger. Therefore, the perfect ending of Kung Fu Panda is a successful combination of individualism and collectivism.2.4 The Combination of ImagesThe original image of Poe is a panda which is a typical Chinese image. Pandas live in China and have been treated as the national treasure for a long time. The image of Poe in the film collected the lovely and honest characteristics of panda. Yet, it was this so childlike that spectators can not help smiling, Chinese panda, wearing short pants, insisted his own dream and6made his American dream come true.However, different from Poe, the image of Master raccoon came from America. It is an animal which likes living in the forest beside rivers and lakes. They love cleanness so much that they often put the food into the water and wash it. That is the reason people give them the name “raccoon”. But it was just this animal from America that wearing Chinese cope, using chopsticks and being called “Shifu” by other roles in the film. The images of Poe and Master raccoon are both combinations of Chinese and Western factors.3. Enlightenment from the Film3.1 Enlightenment for Chinese Animation IndustryBoth the factors of Kung Fu and panda belong to traditional Chinese culture, but why the film of Kung Fu Panda was not produced by Chinese. Some people criticized heavily the current situation of Chinese animation industry. Most of them held that the failure of Chinese animation industry was the lacking of excellent skills and advanced technology. However, there were not too many effects in Kung Fu Panda, and the skills used were also very acquainted to us. What is the key problem?The broad and profound Chinese culture has countless artistic endowment sources which can be used in our animation films. Chinese cartoon creation ignore this existed treasure house of traditional culture. We are not able to make change or innovation. In other words, when we are facing the deep and thick traditional culture, our ability of innovation and breakthrough always disappears. In front of the Chinese cultural factors to inherit and carry forward, what we really lack is confidence, imagination ideas, and the ability to integrate. For the traditional Chinese cultural elements, the creator is easy to make himself in shackles. And in the process of mining traditional culture, he often lack groundbreaking try, and is stubborn. For example, the panda ate bean bun but not bamboo. Somebody may see it as illogical. They must have been twined by shackles and lack the divergent and reverse thinking. That is the point.Meanwhile, when people mining the Chinese traditional culture, they always keep unconfident and have outmoded attitude toward classic works. Culture and modern culture consumption have been apart seriously. The creator can not do research and finish their works with modern views or in a globalization vision. Therefore, only when the creators of animation films break their inner fixed thinking pattern, and breakthrough the mind taboo, can they use the modern consciousness to create the bold imagination. Only make good use of entertaining elements and cater to the popular trend, can Chinese animation art get greater vitality.Moreover, inheritance and integration is not an empty talk. It needs good state of mind, and more of sincerity and determination. No matter HUA MuLan or Kung Fu Panda, more than once for Chinese culture to be studied by the creators and used as a reference. For Kung Fu Panda, the director Mark Oliver Bonn had spent many years in studying Chinese culture especially in the history of Kung Fu. It took him five years to finish the film, and the whole staff of Kung Fu Panda have seriously went through a large number of films on Hong Kong Kung Fu in the 1970 s. And those fantastic ancient Chinese architectures, landscape scenes in the film, were the effort of the film's art director who had spent eight years digging into Chinese culture. In contrast, what is our own attitude toward the traditional culture?Today, for the revival of Chinese cartoon, what we need is not external opportunities, but the courage to looking for our own value and the confidence to transcend ourselves.73.2 Enlightenment for the Spread of Chinese Kung FuJust like the name of “Kung Fu Panda”, there are so many factors abo ut Chinese Kung Fu in the film. The film had imitated a lot of famous sections of our traditional films of Kung Fu, like the images of Furious Five, Tiger, Snake, Crane, Monkey and Mantis. They are the embodiment of Chinese “Pictographic boxing”. And the s cene of the battling for bean bun between Poe and Master raccoon was a simulation from the film of “Snake in the Eagle's Shadow”.The successful achievement of the film of Kung Fu Panda is a result of extensive use of the factors of Chinese Kung Fu. In return, it is also a good way to spread factors of Chinese Kung Fu which has proved itself an increasingly important role in the world.Kung Fu not only belongs to China, but also belongs to the world. There is a popular saying about culture: “The more national, the more of the world.” It means the cultural belongings of a nation should be no national boundaries. The spread of Kung Fu should be no international barriers.In facing of the applying and innovation of Kung Fu from other countries, we should welcome and support, giving up the attitude of conservation and boycott. Under the program of cultural globalization, there is no need to worry about the lost of our traditional culture. Actually, what we need to do is finding out the right way to spread our traditional culture.3.3 Enlightenment for the Spread of Chinese CultureCulture is a kind of soft power which has an increasingly influence on the world‟s future. The spread of culture itself is the demanding of history, the embodiment of social progress, and a must of economic globalization. The culture need to be spread, also need to be cognitive, and relocated. The success of Kung Fu Panda does provide some advice to our own national culture development.3.3.1 Cultural ConsciousnessThe first and the most urgent we need to improve is our cultural consciousness.According to Jia Huitong, the meaning of cultural consciousness is that, the people who living in a culture environment not only have a basic self-knowledge of their culture and its history as well as its forming process, but also know its characteristics and trends in the future. This consciousness can not have any relationship with cultural regression which means “instauration”, nor with wholesale westernization.The cultural consciousness requiring a self-knowledge refers that we need to fully understand our history and tradition which is the fundamental of transmitting and spreading the culture. Chinese culture is one of the world‟s oldest civilizations which is said playing a great role in the progress of world civilization. As the descendants of Yan and Yellow Emperors, we feel proud of Chinese traditional culture and are expected to be familiar with our own culture. And this is the inner basic path of introducing traditional Chinese culture to the world.In addition, the cultural consciousness also need our own new understanding and reposition of the traditional culture. We have to understand the position of Chinese traditional culture within the world scope. And the success of the film of Kung Fu Panda has proven the characteristics and charming of Chinese traditional culture.3.3.2 Cultural RenewalThe arrival of economic globalization has caused the globalization of cultural resources, and the cultural globalization has brought the “cultural renewal” to almost every nation all over the world. Cultural renewal means that, in addition to adapt to the needs of social development, any kinds of national cultures need to absorb foreign cultures as complement to enhance their vitality。
从电影《功夫熊猫》看中西方文化差异.doc
从电影《功夫熊猫》看中西方文化差异近年来，随着电影事业的蓬勃发展，分析电影逐渐成为了解不同国家和地区的表达方式和文化差异的有效途径。
中西方文化在许多方面都存在着一些差异，如价值观、集体感、隐私权等，这些差异越来越多地体现在国际荧屏上，好莱坞拍摄的动画片《功夫熊猫》成为国际舞台上的又一佳作，其中以中国题材作为电影的重要组成部分，它不仅在国际电影行业中得到了很高的评价，同时也引起了国人对于中西方传统文化差异的思考和反思。
因此，在当今国际化的大趋势下，分析电影中不同国家的文化差异可以让我们在丰富传统文化内容的同时，对我国的传统文化进行升华，并吸收国际上的新理念和新思维，使我国永驻于国际舞台之上。
一、介绍中西方文化的主要差异随着科技的不断发展和社会的迅速前进，当今国际最为突出的特征之一便是全球化趋势蔓延，继而广泛地对政治、经济乃至文化的各个方面进行渗透，不同的国家和社会环境导致不同的价值观念和文化传统的繁衍。
一个国家的文化象征着其历史、政治甚至国民的整体发展和历程，具有不可磨灭的价值意义。
事实上，无论是中国文化还是西方的文化，其本身都存在自身的精华和糟粕，而中西方文化的显著差异是通过对自然环境、思维模式、民俗风情、宗教信仰等多方面来予以实现的。
矛盾又统一的中西方文化或是针锋相对，或是结合相容，都可以从另一种文化的保护下得以理解。
在多元化的国际大潮中，只有正视和接受中西方文化的差异，才能在国际的洪流中取其之长，补己之短，才能使我国的电影事业不断完善和吸收国外的先进理念，以实现自身的本质飞跃。
正是因为中西方文化建立在各自的环境和土地上，自称体系迥然不同，导致两种文化背景也大相径庭，使得中西方文化在对价值的追求观念上和伦理的取向上别有一番不同的味道，而中西方现实人格的差异也在长期的文化背景下大异其趣。
总而言之，中西方文化的主要差异存在于不同国家的价值观基础上，在不同的环境下，不同的价值观影响人们的行为和思想，树立人们的文化系统和文化价值，从当今电影文化中浅析中西方文化的差异，可以更好地对中西方文化理解和解释，也会对我国的电影事业起到推进的现实作用。
《功夫熊猫》中的中西方英雄文化差异
在《功夫熊猫》中，阿宝最后成为英雄的标志性事件是击败邪恶的残豹，保卫了和平谷的宁静。而残豹对英雄的认可，则是拜倒在熊猫阿宝面前。如同美国漫画电影《蜘蛛侠》中的 那句名言一样“能力越大，责任越大”。在美国的英雄文化中，成为英雄的标准就是战胜邪恶，并担负起与能力相匹配的责任感。这种责任感发展到极致后，虽然披着保卫世界和平的外衣，但其骨子里的唯实力至上论，则是《功夫熊猫》这部电影中最西方的一面。
熊猫阿宝的英雄加冕仪式最后是通过战胜影片中的终极反派残豹来完成的。这种纯粹正义与纯粹邪恶的二元对立以及正义最终战胜邪恶的过程都是美国英雄文化中的精髓。但对于中国武侠文化来说，成为大侠的最终考验并不是战胜某个具体存在的终极邪恶，从而获得民众的崇拜与认可，而是道德的升华，即在仁、义、忠、孝等方面成为道德楷模。在金庸小说《射雕英雄传》中，郭靖最后成为英雄的标志性事件是他最终选择了民族大义，带领民众抗击蒙古大军入侵，而不是在华山论剑中夺取武功天下第一的名号。
作为一种文化差别，中国的古典武侠就没有这种倡导平等与公平的观念。在中国不是每个人都能成为英雄，他们往往因为血缘的关系，早早就被内定；或机缘巧合得到高人的青睐，成为独一无二的人选。金庸的武侠小说中，绝大部分主角都是这种类型的英雄，他们的英雄之路早已命中注定，剩下的只是如何度过重重考验抵达最后的英雄结局。这不但是金庸武侠小说中的一条潜规则，也是中国几乎所有武侠小说中共通的潜规则。作为一种好莱坞电影中常见的叙事模式，熊猫阿宝在成为英雄之前必须要有一个导师，引导他完成英雄的成人礼，而龟仙人就是这样一个角色。如同《星球大战》中天行者卢克的师傅欧比王一样，完成了他引导者的作用之后就消失不见，从而给英雄以真正的成长空间。只不过，在《功夫熊猫》这部动画电影中，龟仙人小时的方式是借用中国文化中“羽化成仙”的概念来完成的，而欧比王则凭借神秘的“原力”成为某种超自然的存在。
《功夫熊猫》的跨文化解读
《功夫熊猫》的跨文化解读摘要：本文以好莱坞动画片《功夫熊猫》为现实文本，从跨文化传播的角度运用冰山模式对其进行解读，通过对《功夫熊猫》中的中美文化元素进行分析和应用，说明文化的协商和借鉴是电影的发展趋势。
在多元化文化并存与文化全球化的今天，我们应该反对文化霸权主义，文化部落主义，维护良好的文化生态，实现异质文化的成功对接。
这部电影带给我们的启示是：认识中国传统文化的核心价值观并吸收国外好的文化元素，依靠宣传推动其国际传播的进程。
关键词：《功夫熊猫》，中国文化，美国精神，跨文化传播，全球化2008年一部反映中国文化的好莱坞动画大片《功夫熊猫》在中国上映了，电影一上映就备受国人关注，并取得了骄人的票房成绩，成为内地第一部票房过亿的动画片。
如此高的市场占有率不禁让人瞠目，《功夫熊猫》成为异质文化传播的成功范例，它的传播特色可以归纳为以下两点：一是大量融合中国传统文化中的符号元素，暗合了中国广大受众的文化认同心理；二是秉承了好莱坞一贯式的搞笑风格，迎合了当下消费者的文化心理。
一．《功夫熊猫》中美文化元素的糅合（一）影片中体现的中国传统文化元素文化可以被分为两部分，可见文化和不可见文化。
首先，功夫和大熊猫是影片中最突出的中国民族符号。
可见文化在以下方面都得到体现：服装、饮食、民俗、节日等。
另一个重要的文化体现便是宗教方面。
首先，这里表现了儒家思想：和平谷里的和平安宁，居住的都是善良的居民（兔子，猪，鸭子）。
他们有着“善最终会战胜恶”的观念，有着积极乐天的人生态度。
第二，这里也蕴含着道家思想：1.影片中一语道破天机的乌龟，源自《周易》中用龟壳来占卜的传统，奉龟为至尊是传统道家思想的体现，龟的隐喻是道家的最高思想境界，龟仙代表的就是“玄而又玄，众妙之门”的道。
2.道家代表人物庄子的逍遥游，是离开一切相待或者条件，才能达致真正的自由，有所待则有束缚，自由则不能发挥。
道家思想最核心的理念是“法自然”，龟仙挑选熊猫阿宝作为神龙斗士，就是因为熊猫代表的就是天命，就是自然。
《功夫熊猫》字幕翻译中的跨文化传播因素
《功夫熊猫》字幕翻译中的跨文化传播因素《功夫熊猫》是2008年由梦工厂动画公司制作的一部动画片。
该片通过讲述一个憨厚的大熊猫乌龙师傅，成为一位传说中的功夫大师的故事，融合了中国功夫文化和西方幽默元素，获得了全球观众的喜爱。
然而，尽管该片在海外市场取得了成功，其字幕翻译却涉及了许多跨文化传播因素。
一、语言和文化差异中英两种语言的语言结构、语法规则和表达方式存在差异，因此，将电影中的台词翻译成英文需要考虑这些差异。
例如，中文语言中常常使用成语和俗语，而英文中并不能找到与之完全相应的表达方式。
在《功夫熊猫》中，乌龙师傅经常说一些幽默搞怪的台词，如“我百分之百鲤鱼打挺”，这样的俏皮话在翻译过程中如何保留其中的幽默元素成为了一个挑战。
此外，中英两种语言的文化差异也需要考虑到。
例如，中国功夫文化在电影中被大量体现，如武当山、少林寺等，但西方观众对这些地名和寺庙可能并不熟悉。
因此，字幕翻译要求必须在保留原作意义的同时对这些文化元素进行适当解释，以便更好地传达给海外观众。
二、幽默和笑点的传播幽默是一种文化现象，因此，将幽默元素传递给其他文化背景下的观众是一个挑战。
在《功夫熊猫》中，乌龙师傅的幽默和傻气不仅体现在台词中，还体现在他的动作和表情中。
然而，西方观众可能对中国功夫文化和熊猫并不熟悉，因此可能无法理解其中的幽默元素。
为了解决这个问题，字幕翻译需要对台词进行恰当的调整和改写，以便更好地传递幽默效果。
例如，将乌龙师傅说的“我百分之百鲤鱼打挺”翻译成英文时，可以选择一种与之类似的幽默表达方式，比如翻译成“我跟鲤鱼一样，美极了”。
此外，字幕翻译还可以通过配合动画片中的表情和动作来增强幽默效果，将笑点传递给观众。
比如，在乌龙师傅犯错时，通过增加一些口误和滑稽动作，可以增加观众的笑点。
三、角色的命名和声音表演字幕翻译涉及到角色的命名和声音表演方面的考虑。
功夫熊猫中，乌龙师傅被赋予了一个充满神秘感和力量感的名称“龙的传人”，而其他人物的名称也都与中文中的功夫文化有关。
从功夫熊猫看中西传统节日的文化差异
从功夫熊猫看中西传统节日的文化差异2008由梦工厂历时四年制作而成的好莱坞动画电影《功夫熊猫》正式上映，接着迅速在全球范围内掀起了一阵中国风。
时至今日当我们回忆起电影中处处可见的对中国文化符号的运用还觉得历历在目，不得不感叹西方人何以会把我们中国的文化研究的如此透彻。
影片中大量运用的中国山水画风景，重檐歇山式建筑，二胡等传统乐器的配乐和中国功夫的各个流派让我们仿佛穿越时空置身中国武侠小说中描绘的场面之中。
如果说2008年上映的《功夫熊猫》给我们带来了一场布满中国元素的视觉盛宴和听觉享受，那么时隔两年之后在2010年上映的《功夫熊猫感恩节特辑》则以它平凡而感人的故事制胜，触动国人最柔软的神经，从灵魂上玩了一把中国风。
影片以中国传统新年为背景，讲述了成为升龙武士的阿波受师傅任命承办武林大师齐聚的盛会--冬季庆典，但是这样的话阿波就不能在自家的小面馆和爸爸平其乐融融的享受节日，故事的最后阿波顺从了自己的内心，毅然选择离开庆典回到家中与平团聚。
不同于上一部中充斥着美国个人英雄主义和中国武侠精神的故事框架，这部感恩节特辑少了拯救世界过程中的打打杀杀，多的是处处可见的温情。
在这只有二十二分钟的短片中，导演将中国传统佳节的节日气氛展现得淋漓尽致，笔者将在下面的章节里以中西传统节日为切入点分析中西的文化差异。
1）中国节日文化体现的是鲜明的农耕文化特色，西方节日体现的则是浓厚的宗教文化特色当我们提到中国传统文化节日时，我们会联想到春节、清明节、中秋节和重阳节等。
小农经济和家庭手工业相结合的、男耕女织自给自足的自然经济是中国传统节日文化起源和发展的深厚土壤。
这些节日本身就反映出农业社会一年四季的生活规律，与农业有关的天文、历法又直接影响了节日的发展和演变。
春节时期的所有文化形态，几乎都是农耕文化的典型表现：如饮食文化，是基于农副产品的丰富多彩；娱乐文化，是基于农耕中的冬季闲暇；祭神文化，实际与农民祈求上天风调雨顺，以便新年五谷丰登的良好愿望。
从电影_功夫熊猫_看中西方文化差异_在大学英语教学中加强学生文化意识的培养
文化教育引言语言和文化是密不可分的。
不同民族的文化孕育出了该民族的语言，同时，一个民族的语言又是了解该民族文化的窗口，语言是文化的载体，是文化得以反映的一面镜子；文化是语言赖以扎根的土壤，学习语言就必须学习文化。
2008年一部反映中国文化的好莱坞动画大片《功夫熊猫》在中国上映了，电影一上映就备受国人关注，并取得了骄人的票房成绩。
由于中西方文化的交流与碰撞，文化差异等因素，一部英文对白的动画片要想赢得中国观众并不是件容易的事，而《功夫熊猫》这部影片却轻巧地跨过了这条鸿沟，被广大中国观众所接受认同。
这是因为好莱坞梦工厂的这部片子中体现着中国传统的文化元素，自然能够得到本土观众的认可。
如果这部片子体现的是纯西方的思想内涵，那么它在中国的票房收入肯定会大打折扣。
由此可见，在东西方文化交流中了解文化差异不仅重要而且十分必要。
1了解文化差异的重要性随着对外经济文化交流的日益频繁，英语作为通向世界大门的语言具有十分重要的意义。
尤其是2008年第29届奥运会在北京成功举办，在神州大地上更是掀起了一股英语热，越来越多的人对英语学习表现出浓厚的兴趣。
然而在英语走近我们生活的过程中，也出现了很多人与人之间由于文化差异而产生的误解。
对于大多数中国人而言，英语学习是在特定的中国文化环境中完成的。
这个环境既指生存的外部文化环境，也指个体的心理环境，这两种环境的综合作用，决定了中国人学习英语固有的特点。
就拿最基本的称呼语来说吧：我们在将汉语作品译成英语时，常常将某些称呼直译成英语词，如“王老师”，按照汉语的表达习惯将其译为teacher Wang是不符合英语习惯的，正确的译法应该是Mr/Mrs/Miss Wang。
中国文化讲究长幼尊卑，年龄、经验、师长是权威的标志。
而在美国或其他西方社会，因其文化取向、人际关系与东方截然不同，对相互“称呼”语的使用和对其意思的解释也自然相差悬殊，英美国家的人们追求自由、平等、随性，在称呼语上越来越愿意直呼其名。
从《功夫熊猫》中西文化差异
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 从《功夫熊猫》中西文化差异从《功夫熊猫》中西文化差异1/ 34从《功夫熊猫》中西文化差异中西文化与思维差异的几个方面---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ ? 1. 称呼语： ? 我们知道，每个民族都有不同于其它民族的文化背景（ cultural background ），这种文化背景存在于社会的各个领域，人们的一言一行，无不受到它的制约。
比如汉语中习惯上称呼的“ 王老师” “ 张护士” 称为”Teacher Wang”“Nurse Zhang” ，英语国家的人听起来感觉不可思议。
英语中称呼人一般用 Mr ， Miss ， Mrs 等。
? 再如“Uncle Wang” （王叔叔），这也是中文思维套用英语的现象。
汉语中的亲属称谓有泛化使用的倾向，常用于非亲属之间，年轻人对长辈称“ 叔叔” 、“ 阿姨” ；对平辈称“ 大哥” 、“ 大姐” 。
但在英语中，亲属称谓不广泛地用于社交。
如果我们对母语是英语的长辈称“Uncle Smith” 、“Aunt Brown” 对方听了会觉得不太顺耳。
英语中只有关系十分密切的情况下才使用此类亲属称谓且后面不带姓，只带名，如“Uncle Tom” 。
3/ 34? 2. 致谢 ? 一般来说，我们中国人在家庭成员之间很少用“ 谢谢” 。
如果用了，听起来会很怪，或相互关系上有了距离，这是我们的文化习惯。
而在英语国家中“Thank you.” 是使用频率最高的礼貌用语之一。