2018年湖南农业大学考研真题821理论力学硕士招生自命题科目试题
2016年湖南农业大学考研真题811综合知识硕士招生自命题科目试题
2016年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：811 综合知识适用专业：外国语言学及应用语言学考生需带的工具：考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。
一、解释题：从下面挑选5个术语进行简单解释并可根据需要举例说明(共计10分，每小题2分，多做依作答前5题记分)1. design features2. prescriptive linguistics3. assimilation4. inflection5. semantics6. trace theory7. speech act二、填空题：在下面每空填一个词，其中部分首字母已给出(共计10分，每空1分)1、In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually termed P_________.2、P_________ function refers to expressions that help define and maintain interpersonal relations.3、If a single movement from one element to a second element of the tongue is involved, the combing vowels are called d_________.4. P_________ refers in the sound which is capable of distinguishing one word or one shape of word from another in a given language.5. B_________ is a reverse process of derivation, and therefore is a process of shortening.6. Phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences and sentences with infinite length, due to their r_________ properties.7. “Words are names of labels for things”. This view is called N_________ theory in semantic studies.8. While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of u_________ is concrete and context-dependent.9. C_________ are those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action.10. Such errors as “teached” and “womans” are caused by o_________.共4页第1页。
湖南农业大学电工电子学2013--2018年考研真题
2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题
科目名称及代码：822 电工电子学
适用专业(领域）：农业电气化与自动化
考生需带的工具：无通讯和存储功能的计算器
考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；
②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号；
③所有数值结果精确到小数点后第二位。
一、选择题(共计20分,每小题2分)
1、两个电容C1=3uF，C2=6uF串联时，其等效电容值为( )。
A．9uF B．6uF C．3uF D. 2uF
2、在电感与电容串联的正弦交流电路中，当X L>X C时电路呈现为（）。
A．电感性B．电容性 C. 电阻性D．不可确定属性
3、在图示的电路中，对负载电阻R L而言，虚框中的电路可用一个等效电源代替，该等效电源是（）
A．理想电压源
B．理想电流源
C．电压源
D．电流源
4、有一个晶体管接在电路中，今测得其管脚对地的电位分别为：1脚5V，2脚
4.3V，3脚9V，判断管子的类型为（）
A. PNP型，硅管
B. PNP型，锗管
C. NPN型，硅管
D. NPN型，锗管
5、典型差动放大电路中，其共发射电阻R E的主要作用是（）
A、提高输入电阻
B、降低差模电压放大倍数
C、提高共模电压放大倍数
D、提高共模抑制比
6、在放大电路中，为了稳定电路的静态工作点，可以在电路中引入（）。
A. 交流负反馈
B. 交流正反馈
C. 直流负反馈
D. 直流正反馈
7、射极输出器的主要特点为：（）。
A．电压放大倍数接近1；输入电阻高；输出电阻低
共27页第1页。
湖南农业大学考研试题811综合知识(2015~2017年)
2015年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：综合知识 811适用专业：外国语言学及应用语言学考生需带的工具：考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。
Section A: Linguistics (60 points)I. Translate the following linguistic terms into English. (5 points, 1 point each)1.应用语言学2.音位变体3.述谓分析4.输入假设5.派生词素II. Define FIVE of the following terms, giving examples if necessary. (10 points，2 points each )1. Displacement2. Back clipping3. Minimal pair4.Morphological rule5. Perlocutionary act6. Sociolinguistics7. Subordinate constructionIII. Fill in each blank with a suitable term, with some of the initial letters given.(10 points, 1 point each)1. D___________ refers to an area of human activity in which one particularspeech variety or a combination of several speech varieties is regularly used，for instance, situations in which the persons talking to one another are members of the family, e.g. mother and children.2. B ___________is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formedby combing the meanings and sounds of two words, one of the which is not in its full form or both of which are not in their full forms, like brunch.3. H___________ structure is the sentence structure that group words into structuralconstituents and shows the syntactic category of each structural constituent, such as NP, VP and PP.4. M__________ is the branch of grammar that studies the internal structure ofwords, and the rules by which words are formed.5. C _________are those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker tosome future course of action.6. T___________ theory is a theory about trace left by movement. This theoryassumes that a moved constituent leaves behind a phonologically null element in its original site.7.P___________ are sentences that do not state a fact or describe a state and are notverifiable, in other words, they are utterances that perform an act.8. I___________ is the language system of an individual as expressed their way heor she speaks or writes within the overall system of a particular language.9. S___________ is the study of meaning communicated through language. Thebasic task is to show how people communicate meanings with pieces of language.10. A _________ phonetics studies the movement of the vocal organs of producingthe sounds of speech.IV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (15 points，1.5 points each )1. （）Duality is one of the characteristics of human language. It refers to the factthat language has two levels of structures: the system of sounds and thesystem of meanings.2. （）Saussurs’s exposition of synchronic analysis led to the school of historicallingusitics.3. （）Chomsky’s concept of linguistic performance is similar to Saussure’sconcept of parole, while his use of linguistic competence is somewhatdifferent from Saussure’s langue.4. （）If language learners are provided with sufficient and the right kind oflanguage exposure and chances to interact with language input, they willacquire the native-like competence in the target language.5. （）Syntactic category refers to all phrasal syntactic categories such as NP,VP,and PP, and word-level syntactic categories that serve as heads of phrasal syntactic categories such as N and V.6. （）Competence and performance refer respectively to a language user’sunderlying knowledge about the system of rules and the actual use of language in concrete situation.7. （）Two sentences using the same words may mean quite differently.8. （）Hyponymy is a matter of class membership, so it is the same as meronymy.9. （）Inviting, suggesting, warning, ordering are instances of commissives.10. （）The right ear advantage(REA)is true to no matter whether people havethe left hemispheric dominance for speech or the less common right hemispheric dominance for speech.V. Choose FIVE of the following questions to answer. (20 points，4 points each)1. Who put forward the concept of langue and parole? What is the differencebetween them?2. To what extent is phonology related to phonetics and how do they differ?3. Decide which way of word formation is used to form the following words.Motel lase ROM mew/miaow4. What is word? What is lexicon? What is lexeme? What is vocabulary?5. Can you make some comments on IC analysis?6. What is X-bar theory?7. What is discourse analysis?Section B: Translation (60 points)1．Translate the following into Chinese (30 points)The sublime paradox of the spiritual life is repeated in all true development of personal gift and power. In order to find his life a man must first lose it; in order to keep his soul a man must first give it. The beginning of all education is self-conscious; at the start every effect must be calculated, every skill, method, or dexterity carefully studied. Training involves a rigid account of oneself based on searching self-knowledge. To become an effective speaker one must know his defects of bearing, gesture, voice; one must bring his whole personality into clear light, and study it as if it were an external thing; one must become intensely self-conscious. The initiation to every art is through this door of rigid scrutiny of self and entire surrender of self to the discipline of minute study and exacting practice. The pianist knows the artistic value of every note, and strikes each note with carefully calculated effect. The artist gives himself up to a patient study of details, and is content with the monotony of laborious imitation; subjecting every element of material and manner to the most thorough analysis.The first stage in the education of the true worker is self-conscious; the final stage is self-forgetful. No man can enter the final stage without passing through the initial stage; no man can enter the final stage without leaving the initial stage behind him. One must first develop intense self-consciousness, and then one must be able to forget and obliterate himself. One must first accept the most exacting discipline of the school, and then one must forget that schools exist. The apprentice is the servant of detail; the master is the servant of the idea: the first accepts methods as if they were the finalities of art; the second uses them as mere instruments. Tennyson's attention was once called to certain very subtle vowel effects in one of his later poems; he promptly said that he had not thought of them. That was undoubtedly true, for he had become a master; but there was a time, in his days of apprenticeship, when he had studied the musical qualities and resources of words with the most searching intelligence. The transition from apprenticeship to mastery is accomplished when a man passes through self-consciousness into self-forgetfulness, when his knowledge and skill become so much a part of himself that they become instinctive. When the artist has gained, through calculation, study, and, practice, complete command of himself and his materials, he subordinates skill to insight, and makes his art the unconscious expression of his deepest nature. When this stage is reached the artist can pour his whole soul into his work almost instinctively; his skill and methods have become so completely a part of himself that he can use them almost without being conscious of them.2．Translate the following into English. (30 points)“诺诺”者，唯命是从，凡事好好好，是是是，逢人点头哈腰，遇事不辨青红皂白，正所谓“唯唯诺诺”。
2018年湖南农业大学硕士研究生入学考试自命题611 教育学专业基础综合试题
2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：611 教育学专业基础综合适用专业(领域）：教育学各二级学科考生需带的工具：考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。
一、单项选择题：1～30小题，每小题3分，共90分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合试题要求。
1、关于制度化的教育和非制度化的教育，下列说法错误的是（）A. 制度化的教育从非制度化的教育演化而来B. 非制度化的教育的形式化程度低C. 学校教育是一种制度化的教育D. 非制度化的教育正在逐渐消亡2、关于批判教育学的代表人物及所属国家正确的是（）A. 美国的杜威B. 巴西的弗莱雷C. 德国的斯普朗格D. 英国的阿普尔3、从教育功能的性质上看，可把教育的功能分为（）A. 个体功能和社会功能B. 保守功能与超越功能C. 本体功能与派生功能D. 显性功能与隐性功能4、联合国通过的《21世纪议程》指出“教育在促进可持续发展和提高人们解决环境和发现问题的能力上，具有重要作用”，这表明教育具有（）A . 生态功能 B. 经济功能C. 政治功能D. 人口功能5、教育目的选择与确立的基本价值取向有人本位的价值取向和（）A. 国家本位的价值取向B. 社会本位的价值取向C. 生活本位的价值取向D. 知识本位的价值取向6、我国全面发展教育的构成主体是（）A. 科学教育和人文教育B. 德育、智育、体育和美育C. 社会教育、家庭教育和学校教育D. 初等教育、中等教育、高等教育和成人教育7、教育制度是一个国家各级各类教育机构与组织体系及其（）A. 管理规则B. 文化传统C. 发展愿景D. 价值观念8、从形态上看，我国现行学制主要属于（）A. 单轨学制B. 双轨学制C. 分支型学制D. 网络型学制9、学生主体性的最高表现形式是（）A. 调控性B. 选择性C. 独立性D. 创造性10、课程不应该帮助学生去适应社会，而是要建立一种新的社会秩序和社会文化，这一观点属于（）A. 存在主义课程论B. 后现代主义课程论C. 经验主义课程论D. 社会改造主义课程论11、教育工作是国家的重要事务，夏朝时国家机构中主管教化的政务官是（）。
2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题-811 综合知识
2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：811 综合知识适用专业(领域）：外国语言学及应用语言学考生需带的工具：语考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。
一、解释题：从下面挑选5个术语进行简单解释并可根据需要举例说明(共计10分，每小题2分)1、arbitrariness 5、deep structure2、IPA 6、informative function3、manners of articulation 7、encoding4、grammatical category二、填空题：在下面每空填一个词，其中部分首字母已给出(共计10分，每空1分)1、When the obstruction is partial and the air is forced through a narrow passage in the mouth so as to cause definite local friction at the point, the speech sound thus produced is a f_________2、Language exist in time and change through time. The description of a language at some point of time iscalled s_________ study of language.3、IC analysis emphasizes the h _________ structure of a sentence, seeing it as consisting of word groupsfirst.4、Pitch variation is known as i_________ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.5、According to its position in the new word, a _________ are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes.6、P _________ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.7、There are generally three kinds of sense relations recognized, namely, sameness relation, oppositeness relation and i_________ relation.8、The u_________ meaning of the sentence varies with the context in which it is uttered.9、H_________ refers to the phenomenon that words with different meanings have the same form.10、C_________ holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to, rather, inthe interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of concepts in the mind. .三、判断题：根据语言学常识判明正误，对者在该题括号里标T,错者在该题括号里标F. (共计15分，每小题1.5分)1、（）Free morphemes can be further classified into the inflectional and derivational morphemes.2、（）The phoneme /t/ and /d/ can occur in the same position and they distinguish meaning, therefore theyare said to be in complementary distribution.3、（）Relations of co-occurrence partly belongs to syntagmatic relations, partly to paradigmatic relations.4、（）One advantage of componential analysis is that by specifying the semantic features of words, it will be possible to show how these words are related in meaning.5、（）Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations whilelinguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense.6、（）In the sentence John loves Mary, John is the argument, loves Mary is the predicate.7、（）When a bilingual speaker switches between the two languages concerned, he is converting one modeof thinking into the other.8、（）The subject-predicate distinction is the same as the theme and rheme contrast.9、（）Speakers of different languages are capable of distinguishing and recognizing experiences of thesame objective world according to their respective different linguistic coding system.10、（）Structuralists suggested that errors are unavoidable in learning and should be tolerated.四、问答题：从下面各题挑选5题做简单回答(共计20分，每小题4分)1、How do you understand "duality", a design feature of language?2、Do you prefer descriptive linguistics to prescriptive linguistics ? Give your reasons.3、Illustrate the differences between morpheme, phoneme and allomorph with example.4、What is predicate analysis? What is a no-place, one-place, two-place, or three-place predicate?5、Explain the following remarks with examples or make some comments.“Both semantics and pragmatics are concerned with meaning, but the difference between them can be traced to two different uses of the verb mean: (a) What does X mean? (b) What did you mean by X?”6、Explain the following statement with examples: Syntax is about principles of forming and understanding correct English sentences.7、Some students may use the incorrect forms in the left column below instead of the correct ones in the五、英译汉：将下列段落翻译成汉语(共计30分)When I am experiencing a complex story or novel, the broader planes, and also details, tend to fall away. Rereading them, certain sentences are what greet me as familiars. You have visited before; they say when I recognize them. We encounter books at different times in life, often appreciating them, apprehending them, in different ways. But their language is constant. The best sentences orient us, like stars in the sky, like landmarks on a trail.They remain the test, whether or not to read something. The most compelling narrative, expressed in sentences with which I have no chemical reaction, or an adverse one, leaves me cold. In fiction, plenty do the job of conveying information, rousing suspense, painting characters, enabling them to speak. But only certain sentences breathe and shift about, like live matter in soil. The first sentence of a book is a handshake, perhaps an embrace. Style and personality are irrelevant. They can be formal or casual. They can be tall or short or fat or thin. They can obey the rules or break them. But they need to contain a charge. A live current, which shocks and illuminates.Knowing – and learning to read in – a foreign tongue heightens and complicates my relationship to sentences. For some time now, I have been reading predominantly in Italian. I experience these novels and stories differently. I take no sentence for granted. I am more conscious of them. I work harder to know them. I pause to look something up, I puzzled over syntax I am still assimilating. Each sentence yields a twin, translated version of itself. When the filter of a second language falls away, my connection to these sentences, though more basic, feels purer, at times more intimate, than when I read in English.The urge to convert experience into a group of words that are in a grammatical relation to one anotheris the most basic, ongoing impulse of my life. It is a habit of antiphony: of call and response. Most days begin with sentences that are typed into a journal no one has ever seen. There is a freedom to this; freedom to write what I will not proceed to wrestle with. The entries are mostly quotidian, a warming up of the fingers and brain. On days when I am troubled, when I am grieved, when I am at a loss for words, the mechanics of formulating sentences, and of stockpiling them in a vault, is the only thing that centers me again.六、汉译英：将下列段落翻译成英语(共计30分)三十多年前，我们开始改革开放时，突然认识到，市场是个好东西，认为以前之所以没搞好，根本原因就是没有尊重市场调节。
湖南农业大学考研试题821理论力学(2015~2017年)
2015年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码： 理论力学 821适用专业（领域）： 农业机械化工程、农业水土工程、工程硕士农业工程领域、农业推广硕士农业机械化领域考生需带的工具：考生注意事项：① 所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；② 按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。
③ 题中各答案用小数表示时精确到小数点后2位一、填空题（本大题7小题，每小题5分，共35分）1．图1-1示，正三棱柱的底面为等腰三角形，已知OA =OB =a ，在平面ABED 内沿对角线AE 方向有一个力F ，图中θ=30°，此力对y 轴之力矩My =____________；对坐标原点的力矩的大小Mo ____________。
2．图1-2示三力F 1、F 2和F 3的大小均等于F ，作用在边长为a 正方体的棱边上。
此力系主矢大小为___________；向坐标原点O 简化的主矩矢为___________，其大小为____________。
3. 图1-3示，均质T 型构件作定轴转动，角速度为，质量为m ，则其动量大小为 __________，动能大小为__________。
题1-1题1-2图题1-3图4. 图1-4示平面机构，曲柄OC 可绕轴O 摆动，通过滑块A 带动杆AB 在铅直导槽K 内移动。
已知：OK =L 。
在图示位置，∠COK =θ，若给杆OC 以虚角位移，则点B 相应的虚位移大小为=_____，δθB r δ方向为__________。
5.半径为R 的圆盘，以匀角速度绕O 轴转动，如图ω1-4所示。
动点M 相对圆盘以匀速率v r =Rω沿圆盘边缘运动。
设将动坐标系固连于圆盘，则在图1-4示位置时，动点M 的牵连速度的大小v e =_ _，动点M 的科氏加速度的大小a k =_ _ _，方向为__ __ __。
6. 如图1-6所示，飞轮对转轴的转动惯量为J o ，受到常值力偶矩M 的制动作用，角速度降至初角速度的一半时所经过的时间为___________，2ω在此时间内飞轮转过的角度为__________。
湖南农业大学考研试题812遗传学(2015~2017年)
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（） （）
5、母性影响属于细胞质遗传。
（）
6、由于基因突变具有多方向性，从而产生了复等位基因。
（ ）
7、在 F2 代群体中，表现型相同的个体，基因型也一定相同。
（）
8、连锁基因之间的重组率大于其交换值。
（）
2、基因突变对于生物体都是有害的。
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3、双单体是指体细胞中缺失两条相同染色体的个体。
（）
4、母性影响属于细胞质遗传。
（）
5、由于基因突变具有多方向性，从而产生了复等位基因。
（ ）
6、红色面包霉的八分子孢子在子囊中的排列顺序为++aa++aa，则说明该子囊孢子
中+/a 等位基因的分离形式为第二次分裂分离模式。
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7、减数分裂时染色体数目减半发生在减数分裂后期 I。
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8、在 F2 代群体中，表现型相同的个体，基因型也一定相同。
（）
9、连锁基因之间的重组率小于或等于其交换值。
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10、无义突变是指 DNA 分子中的碱基改变后，突变的密码子仍编码原来的氨基酸，
没有引起多肽链中氨基酸的变化。
（）
共3页 第1页
2. 显性性状
9. 双三体
3. 伴性遗传
10. 近亲交配
4. 等位基因
11. 遗. 变异
13. 随机交配
7. 狭义遗传率
14. 同源多倍体
二、判断题（对的打“√”，错的打“×”，共计 20 分，每小题 2 分）
1、染色体中间缺失纯合体在减数分裂的粗线期可形成缺失圈。
2018年湖南农业大学硕士研究生入学考试自命题836 鱼类生态学试题
2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码： 836 鱼类生态学适用专业(领域)：农业硕士渔业发展领域考生需带的工具：考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。
一、解释下列名词或术语（每题3分，共计30分）1.补偿深度：2.性逆转：3.陆桥说：4.建立者效应：5.光渔法:6.生物浓缩：7.利比希最小因子定律：8．氧离曲线：9.生态位：10.内禀增长率：二、填空题（每空1 分，共计20分）1.利用鱼鳞鉴定鱼的年龄的时候，其中干扰鱼类鉴定的有（列举2个）、。
2.自然种群具有四个特征（列举2个）、。
3.种群增长模型有、。
4.种群调节理论有、。
5.生物在生存斗争中或在进化过程形成了许多的生存对策或生活史对策，如（列举2个）、等等。
6.物种多样测度的主要指数有（列举2个）、。
7．生态系统的功能主要有（列举2个）：、。
8.鱼类的标志方法有（列举2个）：、。
9.目前生态上的危机有哪些请列举（任意二个）、。
10.鱼类的繁殖方式主要（列举2个）：、。
三、判断题（正确记“√”号，错误记“×”号；每题 1 分，共计15分）1.垩鮨这种鱼在一天中能够改变性别达成多次，那么这种行为在该种鱼来说是它的繁殖策略。
（）2.渔业生产是鱼类生态学产生的源泉和动力。
（）3.N元素用于合成蛋白质，不可能由C、O或H中的任何一个代替，虽它们都不可缺少。
（）4.一般认为生物多样性导致生态系统的稳定性。
（）5.多个生态因子综合作用时，由于某因子在量上的不足，可由其他因子来补偿，以获得相似的生态效应。
并非经常的和普遍的。
（）6.生态位相同的两个种群不能永久共存。
（）7.食物链的本质就是物质和能量在群落中从一中生物转移到另一中生物。
（）8.一个群落中各种群对群落空间、时间、资源利用以及相互作用上，都趋向于直接竞争而不是相互弥补。
（）9.寄生在许多情况下可以说是捕食现象的一种特殊形式。
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共6页 第1页2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题
科目名称及代码：821 理论力学
适用专业(领域）：农业机械化工程
考生需带的工具：无通讯和存储功能的计算器
考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；
②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号；
③所有数值结果精确到小数点后第二位。
一、选择题(共计32分,每小题4分)
1、物块重，与水面的摩擦角，其上作用一力，且已知，P o 20f ϕ=Q P Q =方向如图，则物块的状态为（ ）。
（A ） 静止(非临界平衡)状态 （B ）临界平衡状态
（C ）滑动状态 （D ）不能确定
2、图示均质等边三角形板，边长，今沿其边缘作用大小均为的ABC a F 力，方向沿板的各边，如图所示，若初始板静止，则在此力系作用下，板如何运动（ ）。
(A) 静止
(B)平动 (C) 定轴转动 (D)平面运动
3、空间力系向一点简化的主矢和主矩都不为零，但,则O F O M 0O ∙=F M 关于此力系简化最终结果的说法正确的是（ ）。
（A ）力系简化为合力 （B ）力系简化为合力偶
（C ）力系简化为力螺旋 （D ）力系平衡
F F
F
题1图题2图。