孤独漫步_卢梭_一个孤独的散步者的遐想_
《一个孤独漫步者的遐想》读书笔记

《一个孤独漫步者的遐想》读书笔记
《一个孤独漫步者的遐想》是法国作家让-雅克·卢梭的经典作品之一,这本书充分展示了卢梭独特的思想和感情世界,以及他对社会、人性、道德等诸多方面的深刻见解。
通过阅读这本书,读者能够深入了解卢梭的思想历程和人生经历,同时也能对自身和社会有一个更加全面和深入的认识。
在这本书中,卢梭以漫步者自居,通过一个个独立的遐想,表达了他对社会、人性、道德等诸多方面的深刻见解。
他以细腻的笔触描绘了大自然的美好,同时通过自然界的种种现象,反映出现实社会中人与人之间的关系。
卢梭用他的笔把心灵深处的想法毫无保留地展现在读者面前,使读者感受到了他的孤独和彷徨。
在阅读这本书的过程中,我深深感受到了卢梭对于现实社会的失望和无奈。
他通过自己的笔触揭示了当时社会的黑暗面,同时也表达了他对未来社会的向往和憧憬。
在卢梭看来,人类社会需要经历一场深刻的变革,才能够真正实现平等和自由。
他认为每个人都应该通过自身的努力,去实现自身的价值和追求幸福。
在现实生活中,我们也时常会遇到许多困难和挫折。
然而,卢梭在书中所表达的思想,却给我们提供了许多启示。
我们应该勇敢地去面对现实,去追求自己的梦想和幸福。
同时,我们也应该关注社会中的不公和不平等现象,为了更加美好的未来而努力奋斗。
总之,《一个孤独漫步者的遐想》是一本充满思想内涵和人生哲理的书。
通过阅读这本书,我们能够更加深入地了解卢梭的思想历程
和人生经历,同时也能够对自己和社会有一个更加全面和深刻的认识。
希望每个读者都能够从中汲取到深刻的启示,为自己的成长和发展奠定坚实的基础。
卢梭《一个孤独漫步者的遐想》 Third Walk (Reveries of the Solitary Walker) by Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Third Walk(Abridged)Jean-Jacques RousseauGrowing older, I learn all the time.Solon often repeated this line in his old age. In a sense I could say the same, but the knowledge that the experience of twenty years has brought me is a poor thing, and even ignorance would be preferable. No doubt adversity is a great teacher, but its lessons are dearly bought, and often the profit we gain from them is not worth the price they cost us. What is more, these lessons come so late in the day that by the time we master them they are of no use to us. Youth is the time to study wisdom, age the time to practice it. Experience is always instructive, I admit, but it is only useful in the time we have left to live. When death is already at the door, is it worth learning how we should have lived?What use to me are the insights I have gained so late and so painfully into my destiny and the passions of those who have made it what it is? If I have learned to know men better, it is only to feel more keenly the misery into which they have plunged me, nor has this knowledge, while laying bare all their traps, enabled me to avoid a single one. Why did I not remain in that foolish yet blessed faith, which made me for so many years the prey and plaything of my vociferous friends with never the least suspicion of all the plots enveloping me? I was their dupe and their victim, to be sure, but I believed they love me, my heart enjoyed the friendship they had inspired in me, and I credited them with the same feelings. Those sweet illusions have been destroyed. The sad truth that time and reason have revealed to me in making me aware of my misfortune, has convinced me that there is no remedy and that resignation is my only course. Thus all the experience of my old age is of no use to me in my present state, nor will it help me in the future.We enter the race when we are born and we leave it when we die. Why learn to drive your chariot better when you are close to the finishing post? All you have to consider then is how to make your exit. If an old man has something to learn, it is the art of dying, and this is precisely what occupies people at least my age; we think of anything rather than that. Old men are all more attracted to life than children, and they leave it with a worse grace than the young. This is because all their labours have had this life in view, and at the end they see that it has all been in vain. When they go, they leave everything behind, all their concerns, all their goods, and the fruits of all their tireless endeavours. They have not thought to acquire anything during their lives that they could take with them when they die.I told myself all this when there was still time, and if I have not been able to make better use of my reflections, this is not because they came too late or remained undigested. Thrown into the whirlpool of life while still a child, I learned from early experience that I was not made for this world, and that in it I would never attain the state to which my heart aspired. Ceasing therefore to seek among men the happiness which I felt I could never find there, my ardent imagination learned to leap over the boundaries of life which was as yet hardly begun, as if it were flying over an alien land in search of a fixed and stable resting place.This desire, fostered by my early education and later strengthened by the long train of miseries and misfortunes that have filled my life, has at all times led me to seek after the nature and purpose of my being with greater interest and determination than I have seen in anyone else. I have met many men who were more learned in their philosophizing, but their philosophy remained as it were external to them. Wishing to know more than other people, they studied the working of the universe, as they might have studied some machine they had come across, out of sheer curiosity. They studied human nature in order to speak knowledgeably about it, not in order to know themselves; their efforts were directed to the instruction of others and not to their own inner enlightenment. Several of them merely wanted to write a book, any book, so long as it was successful. Once it was written and published, its contents no longer interested them in the least. All they wanted was to have it accepted by other people and to defend it when it was attacked; beyond this they neither took anything from it fortheir own use nor concerned themselves with its truth or falsehood, provided it escaped refutation. For my part, when I have set out to learn something, my aim has been to gain knowledge for myself and not to be a teacher; I have always thought that before instructing others one should begin by knowing enough for one’s own needs, and of all the studies I have undertaken in my life among men, there is hardly one that I would not equally have undertaken if I had been confined to a desert island for the rest of my days. What we ought to do depends largely on what we ought to believe, and in all matters other than the basic needs of our nature our opinions govern our actions. This principle, to which I have always adhered, has frequently led me to seek at length for the true purpose of my life so as to be able to determine its conduct, and feeling that this purpose was not to be found among men, I soon became reconciled to my incapacity for worldly success.Born into a moral and pious family and brought up affectionately by a minister full of virtue and religion, I had received from my earliest years principles and maxims – prejudices, some might say – which have never entirely deserted me. While I was still a child, left to my own devices, led on by my kindness, seduced by vanity, duped by hope and compelled by necessity, I became a Catholic, but I remained a Christian and soon my heart, under the influence of habit, became sincerely attached to my new religion. The instruction and good example I received from Madame de Warens confirmed me in this attachment. The rural solitude in which I spent the best days of my youth, and reading of good books which completely absorbed me, strengthened my naturally affectionate tendencies in her company and led me to an almost Fenelon-like devotion, lonely meditation, the study of nature and the contemplation of the universe lead the solitary to aspire continually to the maker of all things and to seek with a pleasing disquiet for the purpose of all he sees and the cause of all he feels. When my destiny cast me back into the torrent of this world, I found nothing there which could satisfy my heart for a single moment. Regret for the sweet liberty I had lost followed me everywhere and threw a veil of indifference or distaste over everything around me which might have brought me fame and fortune. Wavering in my uncertain desires, I hoped for little and obtained less, and even amidst the gleams of prosperity that came myway I felt that had I obtained all I thought I wanted, it would not have given me the happiness that my heart thirsted after without knowing clearly what it was. In this way everything conspired to detach my affection from this world, even before the onset of those misfortunes which were to make me a total stranger to it. I reached the age of forty, oscillating between poverty and riches, wisdom and error, full of vices born of habit, but with a heart free of evil inclinations, living at random with no rational principles, and careless but not scornful of my duties, of which I was often not fully aware.Since the days of my youth I had fixed on the age of forty as the end of my efforts to succeed, the final term of my various ambitions. I had the firm intention, when I reached this age, of making no further effort to climb out of whatever situation I was in and of spending the rest of my life living from day to day with no thought for the future. When the time came I carried out my plan without difficulty, and although my fortune at that time seemed to be on the point of changing permanently for the better, it was not only without regret but with real pleasure that I gave up these prospects. In shaking off all these lures and vain hopes, I abandoned myself entirely to the non-chalant tranquility which has always been my dominant taste and most lasting inclination. I quitted the world and its vanities, I gave up all finery – no more sword, no more watch, no more white stockings, gilt trimmings and powder, but a simple wig and a good solid coat of broadcloth – and what is more than all the rest, I uprooted from my heart the greed and covetousness which give value to all I was leaving behind. I gave up the position I was then occupying, a position for which I was quite unsuited, and set myself to copying music at so much a page, an occupation for which I had always had a distinct liking.1,634 wordsGlossarydupe finery。
《一个孤独漫步者的遐想》读后感

《一个孤独漫步者的遐想》读后感——“就让我们全身心沉浸于和我灵魂交谈的甜蜜中去吧,唯有我的灵魂别人无法夺走。
”2011年7月,我拜读了法国哲人文豪让-雅克·卢梭先生的著作《一个孤独漫步者的遐想》。
一个孤独漫步者的遐想,名字的本身就是一声美丽的嗟叹,就如作者的晚年,或者一生。
卢梭,“十八世纪全世界的良心”。
他一生颠沛流离,饱受磨难,倍感孤独。
其原因有二:一是他的代表作之一《爱弥儿》被当局列为大逆不道的禁书;二是伏尔泰在一篇文章中揭露他抛弃亲生子女的事实,要求对他处以极刑。
为了在世人面前还自己一个清白,他写了《忏悔录》,但仍然遭到种种非议和侮辱。
晚年,他重温往日的时光,审视自己的一生,终于,写出了《一个孤独漫步者的遐想》。
“回首向来萧瑟处”,卢梭似乎还不曾拥有回顾人生“也无风雨也无晴“的豁达,然而他不再苛求当代人的理解,甚至也不再奢望后世遥远的赞同,就这样孤独而坦然地漫步在夕阳西斜的人生之路。
在漫步中品味大自然的美景,采集植物标本;同时与自己的心灵亲切交谈,从中获得慰藉。
书中一页一句常常让我不禁暗暗感叹,这孤独的伟大心灵是有多么的崇高和坦诚,而我呢,隔着几百年时光,与这颗心灵交流,了解他的孤独,他的无奈,也从他的感悟中汲取应对磨难的智慧。
经验不足,以致才思浅薄,或许不能理解老人临终之言的深意和感叹,尽一己之所及,简单写下自己的感想。
卢梭先生常常流露出整个时代人对他误解的无奈和悲凉,“整整一代人全都迫不及待地附和这奇怪的观点,没有解释,毫不犹豫,毫无愧意“,自我折磨良久,卢梭试图寻找一些”理智的人“,一些”正直的心灵“,或许他们不会附和那些胡言乱语。
可是这一切只是徒劳,”这个同盟竟然是如此的万众一心,毫无例外,毫无挽回的余地。
“于是他就只能孤独地漫步着,”学会了承受命定的枷锁而毫不呻吟“,只依赖自身,与自己的心灵交谈。
这每每使人联想到尼采的句子,”我的时代远未到来,有的人死后方生。
“这,是卢梭的悲哀,尼采的悲哀,还是时代的悲哀呢?可是,正是那些中伤,那些避之唯恐不及,造就了,一个孤独漫步者的遐想。
一个孤独漫步者的遐想

独语散文
《一个孤独漫步者的遐想》是标准的“独语”散文。“独语”散文从某种意义上说就是意识流散文,是比意 识流小说更为真实的创作主体的心灵档案。为了将“无声的心声”化为有声有形有色的心灵图景,“独语”散文 通常综合运用内心独白、内心分析和感官印象等意识流手法,有时也会单独使用其中某种手法。“独语”散文是 孤独者进行自我情感调节的一种文学治疗工具,它能够起到缓解意志与理性之间的冲突和张力,消除内心紧张焦 虑,返归宁静和平心境的特殊心理治疗功能。在卢梭的《一个孤独漫步者的遐想》中,我们可以看到,在“独语” 散文中,创作主体只与自我对话,“我”是倾诉者,“我”也是倾听者,“我”是一个自足的世界,语境呈现内 敛状态,语言上具有封闭性和自我指涉性。“独语”散文是孤独者对以感情为链的意识流的展示。卢梭在“漫步 之一”中写道:“这些文字实际上只是某种不成形的遐想日记,大多是在谈论有关我自己的问题,一个孤独的沉 思者总是考虑自己更多些。另外所有那些在我散步时闪过我脑海的怪念头也将在这本日记里占有一席之地。我想 到过什么也就说些什么,都是自然流露,少有那种前因后果的。
卢梭借这十篇遐想, “继续先前称为`忏悔’的这一严肃而诚恳的自省”。
作品赏析
作品主题
艺术特色
卢梭从 1776年开始尝试一种自足性质的写作,这就是通常被看作《忏悔录》续篇的《一个孤独漫步者的遐 想》。可以说,在《一个孤独漫步者的遐想》中,卢梭提供了另外一种生活,它专属于像卢梭一样的人,这种生 活“通过从公民社会中退隐、亦即生活在其边缘而得享至高无上的幸福。”《一个孤独漫步者的遐想》像一个身 心平静的人在畅谈自己的自由与幸福。通过“退隐”和“孤独的遐思”,卢梭以及像他那样的人获得了自由。在 第十个遐想尚未写完的时候,卢梭凄然离世,《遐想》成为卢梭孤独生命之旅的凄美绝唱。这部作品的艺术成就 获得了世界的公认。
《一个孤独漫步者的遐想》读后感

《一个孤独漫步者的遐想》读后感卢梭的伟大之处在于,他最终在遐想中与自己的命运达成了和解——拥抱孤独,拥抱疼痛,拥抱生命中的每一天。
《一个孤独漫步者的遐想》,是法国哲人文豪让·雅克·卢梭的最后作品,最后部分在卢梭先生去世前数周才写成。
在书中前言提到,如果卢梭先生没有在1778年7月2日因脑血管疾病发作猝然离世的话,这本书还会继续写下去,还会揭示更加丰富的内容,所以这还是一本未完之作,遗憾之作。
真实的痛苦书中在第一篇章《命运》里,有提到这么一句:“于是我发现,真实的痛苦与我所臆想的相比简直微不足道,这甚至让我在种种苦难中感到一丝轻松和慰藉。
”人最怕是活在想象的痛苦中,因为这样反而会加剧了痛苦。
当卢梭在饱尝人间冷暖之后,将世事和人情看得更加透彻,也更加淡泊时,他学会了与自己对话,写下《一个孤独漫步者的遐想》;这样的卢梭,不再是我们从历史书和教科书上看到的那位雄辩而睿智的思想大家,他并不期待用这样的一本书流芳百世名垂青史。
他走下了哲理的神坛,来到每一位读者身边,说道:“我的遐想录只写给自己。
”回想上一本,读许知远先生所写的《那些忧伤的年轻人》,书中有关于“照镜子理论”,人照镜子会害怕发现更真实的自己,而我认为还是要照镜子;最近久违的登了下微博,看到了以前转山本耀司的一句话:“自己”这个东西是看不见的。
撞上一些别的什么,反弹回来,才了解“自己”;记得小时候我很怕黑(怕鬼),但总是逼自己一个人时在黑夜不开灯行走,因为我知道一生里不可能不遇到黑夜的;其实“镜子”、“撞上的什么”、“黑夜”,这些就是真实的痛苦,它们在我们自己的想象里,被懦弱渲染得如一只不可战胜的魔怪,但当我们硬着头皮走上去时,会发现不过如此。
我上一年读到了一句很喜欢的话:“如果运气不好,那就试试勇气吧。
”我们曾经年轻勇敢,一往无前书中第九篇章《幸福》里提到:“而从我的处境和年龄来看,我都无法再与孩子们尽情分享玩闹的快乐了。
”——读到这句时,我不由升起了忧伤,有些快乐再也回不去了。
一个孤独漫步者的遐想

目录分析
导读 一命运
二意外 三知识
四谎言与真相 五岛上的日子
六善行 七植物
八苦难 九幸福
十华伦夫人 卢梭生平大事年表
作者介绍
卢梭(Jean-Jacques Rousseau,1712年6月28日-1778年7月2日),出生于日内瓦,法国伟大的哲学家、 教育家、思想家、文学家,18世纪法国大革命的思想先驱,启蒙运动的代表人物之一。 1722年,寄宿在郎拜尔 西埃牧师家,学习古典语文、绘图、数学。1732年,做土地测量工作,自学数学。1737年,因化学实验双眼受伤, 到沙尔麦特村养病。1742年,在巴黎科学院提出《新乐谱记谱法》。1743年,写成歌剧《风雅的缪斯》,以教音 乐、抄乐谱为生。1749年,撰写《百科全书》的音乐部分。1750年,因应征论文《论科学与艺术》获第戎学院奖 金,而声名鹊起。1778年7月2日,在巴黎逝世。卢梭一生颠沛流离,因发表《科学与艺术的进步是否有助敦化风 俗》而闻名,主要著作有《社会契约论》《论人类不平等的起源和基础》等。
精彩摘录
真正的幸福之源就是我们自身,如果一个人懂得如何感受幸福,那么旁人便无法真正使之陷入悲惨境地。
在我草木皆兵的想象中,种种未来的苦难纠缠在一起,盘根错节,不断被放大,不断地增长。对我而言,等 待痛苦来临比痛苦本身残忍千百倍,被枪口对准胸膛对我而言远比枪击本身可怕得多。灾厄一朝临头,事实便失 去了想象的空间,只留下原本的内容。于是我发现,真实的痛苦与我所臆想的相比简直微不足道,这甚至让我在 种种苦难中感到一丝轻松和慰藉。
一个孤独漫步者的遐想
读书笔记模板
01 思维导图
03 读书笔记 05 目录分析
2019年高二写人作文 -卢梭-一个孤独的散步者的遐想500字

没有人能够逃离孤独,在孤独中完善和超越自我的人,注定他将成为一个伟人。
肖邦一生只有钢琴,没有歌剧,没有交响乐,也许就是因为这不可抹杀的改变,铸就了他一生的承诺。
或许只有在黑夜才能真真切切的感受萧邦,是பைடு நூலகம்天强烈的阳光把所有的一切都抹杀了吧。
我听他的玛祖卡,夜曲,很难想象在那个热闹的世纪之都巴黎,在那香水沙龙充斥的城市。他仍有一颗恬静温和的心。一直很安静。在夕阳落了以后,黑的透亮的三角钢琴,月光从高大的落地窗散入满地的温柔。那个纤弱的,近乎病态的钢琴手在黑白键中阐述自己的生活。
卢梭一个孤独的散步者的遐想
只有在暗夜里才能感受那种音符,突然奔出倾涌让你有一种未名的感动,一下子进入你的心里,捕捉到那一瞬间的幸福,于是刹那间让你的泪涌上心头。
我喜欢这个纤弱的或者说是病态的,更象是诗人的钢琴家。
勃拉姆斯太内敛了,我体会不到那种生活的幸福感;柴可夫斯基过于忧伤,听他的曲子总会有一种莫名的伤感涌上心头;李斯特他狂野了,如果钢琴有生命的话一定会提前累死;贝多芬的抗争或许这个年龄的小孩还没有感觉。只有肖邦,白色的面容凝铸了太多的过往。
散步者遐想孤独散文

散步者遐想孤独散文
散步者遐想孤独散文
请不要以为我没有读过卢梭的《一个孤独者的遐想》,只是我俩的散步和遐想不同而已:卢梭的孤独,是因为他没有兄弟,没有朋友,甚至没有邻居,而我们呢?有的是朋友,尤其邻居,生活在多维的立体的'空间,上下左右尽是邻居,虽然不曾相识,甚至没有一个照面或招呼,但他们是你实实在在的邻居呀!有的近在一墙之隔。
一个大厦便是一个个叠加在一起的鸟笼。
如果说“孤独”是在静谧的午后,煮杯清茶,捧册书卷,感受诗词的神韵和小说主人翁的儿女情长,游离于现实之外;能在一个细雨的清晨,伫立窗前,看楼下那小女孩篮中的玉兰的香……可是,除了“天下熙熙,皆为利来”的喧闹,便是柴米油盐的琐碎了,哪还有孤独。
“散步”?现代的人,哪还有什么散步,是没有了的地方,也没有散步的人了!“行人”早被“乘客”取代了,双腿已进化成了“铁轨”和“轮胎”了。
哪个城市不象被一个个的同心圆套上,三环四环已不足矣!每天有多少人围着这一个个环在转呀转呀,还一会天上一会地下的,不让你懵头转向,那便不叫“大都市”。
你的住址可能不用上三五十字都说不清楚,除非你就住在地标建筑上,那可要攀登上你的宝屋,不穿越几个环,十个立交,几十条道,也到达不了!
现代城市的人,要散步的除了在路的交叉口,人工地植上几株树,光秃秃的;挖条小河,臭哄哄的;铺条甬道,窄窄的,还美其名曰“某自然风光带”,这怎可和卢梭在比埃纳湖圣皮埃尔岛看到的自然风光相比呢?
现代的人,不是孤独,而是孤独不了,周围是纷杂的喧嚣,生活的节奏让你舒缓不了,即使有个散步的地方,还要提防不远处那不时窥视你的“沙皮”,担心不小心踩上的文化砖喷起一注?水,只能小心翼翼地,哪有什么“遐想”唷!
“散步不得”,“孤独不了”,“遐想不能”,可悲的现代人呀!。
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孤独漫步
——卢梭《一个孤独的散步者的遐想》
陈陈
《一个孤独的散步者的遐想》是卢梭最后的遗作,它不纯粹是《忏悔录》的补遗,而是卢梭与自己的灵魂进行最后深入交谈的絮语。
生命所剩下的时间已经不多,灵魂将要最终摆脱躯壳,摆脱人世这个大的炼狱。
这是怎样的一个灵魂,怎样的一个生命啊!社会是灵魂与生命所投身的最大外部舞台,它们的命运很可能取决于某些特定的时刻。
如果一定要寻出卢梭个人遭际命运之后的根源来,就会寻到《忏悔录》。
“我不知道五、六岁以前都做了些什么,也不知道是怎样学会阅读的,我记得我最初读过的书,以及这些书对我的影响,我连续不断地记录下对自己的认识就是从这时候开始的”。
“由于这些书所引起的我和父亲之间的谈话,我的爱自由爱共和的思想便形成了,倔强高傲以及不肯受束缚和奴役的性格也就形成了。
在我一生中每逢这种性格处在不能发挥的情况下,便使我感到苦恼”。
“我生来就热爱公理,这种热爱一直燃烧着我的心灵”。
不幸,与社会的冲突似乎是注定的了。
如同罗曼·罗兰所说,大家都在一个公共的槽里饮水,把水都搅浑了,灵魂能不因此而浑浊吗?而谁又敢将自己的灵魂在公众面前坦露无遗,谁又觉得有此必要,如若不是对此有另一番理解、另一种期许、另一种力量?
在巴黎郊外踽踽独行的这位老者,尽管厄运曾将他推到了疯狂的边缘(他自认为有一个强大的阴谋集团在暗算他,他怀疑所有跟他接近的人,只接待少数朋友,而且不断发生争吵),但并未能真正击败他。
“在这不幸中支撑我的只有我的清白无辜,设若我将这唯一的、强有力的源泉抛舍,而代之以邪恶,那我将是何等的更加不幸呢”(《散步》之三P53)。
他一直就用这种清白无辜来建构自己的精神体系。
“我在相应的精神秩序中(这个秩序是我探寻的结果),找到了我为忍受一生的灾难所必需的支撑。
在任何别的体系中,我只能无能为力的活着,无所希求的死去。
因此我还是坚持这个体系吧,不管命运和那伙人把我怎么样,只有这种体系能使我幸福”(《散步》P48)。
“廉洁、正义感是一笔财富,是人可以随着灵魂带走的无价之宝”(《散步》P55)。
“德行是灵魂的力量”,多亏了这个灵魂,这个灵魂的高贵,他才没有被厄运所压垮。
最后,在他孤独的残年,索性又将自己的灵魂交出去,“它可以做为关于人的研究——这门学问无疑尚有待创建的第一份参考材料”(《忏悔录》)。
把他的最后奉献给了对自我的探索、对人的研究。
教会、政府、欧洲舆论原本想将他打翻在地,涂抹成一个千古罪人,而我们却在《忏悔录》中看到一种悲愤的力量,又在《一个孤
89THE YOUTH PUSHESTHE TIMES FORWARD
青年推动时代
随笔卷
独的散步者的遐想》中看到一个人类心灵所曾经达到的境界。
没有什么见不得人的,人不是最后的尺度,就像迫害、驱逐、厄运所密布而成的厚重的云层,仍无法阻挡像阳光一样透射下来的欢乐。
这欢乐一直可以追朔到早期的沙尔麦特。
《散步》(之十)中,卢梭回忆了这一切的根源,回忆了在华伦夫人身边所度过的那些时光,“我没有一天不在快活而动情地回味我一生中那绝无仅有的短促时光,那时我是完完全全的我,纯粹的我,无羁无碍。
……设若没有那一段短暂而珍贵的时期,我也许至今还不了解自己的天性。
……对幽静和沉思的爱好从我心中产生了,因为我的心需要自然流露的、温柔的情感去滋养它。
这种情感由于环境的喧闹而被压抑下去,又由于宁静与平和而复苏和激昂起来”。
在《散步》(之五)中卢梭又无限深情地回忆起自己在被驱逐的间隙,在圣皮埃尔岛上度过的那两个月幸福的时光。
驱逐把他还给了自然和自我,既然“我身外的一切都和我无缘了”,既然“我在这个地球上,恍如活在一个陌生的星球上”,既然“他们已从我手中夺走了我对社交的柔情”,既然“我在尘世上散失了一切希望”,那就全身心的沉入与自然与我的灵魂交谈的温馨之中。
晚年的卢梭,在经历了八年漂泊动荡的岁月之后,才得以重返巴黎。
他住在普拉蒂也街一所简陋的住房里,以抄写乐谱为生。
深居简出,与上流社会一刀两断,过着隐遁的生活,在孤独与漫步中度着余年,每日流连于郊外的自然景色中。
《一个孤独的散步者的遐想》记录的就是这些孤独的散步和散步中的遐想。
文字和心灵一样上升到一个随心所欲的高度,“那时,我的心无拘无束,思潮可以尽情涌流,唯独在这些孤独和沉思默想的时刻,我才是真正的我,才是和我的天性相符的我,我才既无烦扰又无羁束”(《散步》之二)。
“通过自身的经验我懂得:真正的幸福之源就在我们自身,对于一个善于理解幸福的人,旁人无论如何是不能使他真正潦倒的”。
“只要我一想到我的心灵曾经达到的境界,我就会把那深重的苦难、我的迫害者以及我蒙受的屈辱统统抛到脑后” (《散步》之二)。
卢梭的心灵已经在厄运的涤荡中净化了,这才是命运和人无法从他那里夺走的。
那时候的巴黎郊外,尚有一片“招人喜爱的风景区”和“一些穿过葡萄园和草地的小径”。
卢梭生命中最后的七、八年时光,就是这样在大自然的怀抱中度过的。
“大自然,我的母亲,我现在是在你单独的守护之下了,这里绝对没有什么奸诈邪恶的人插在你我之间了”,“我生来就是为着独自一人在闲暇中沉思默想的”,“我独自沉思默想二十年,也抵不上我在人事的纠缠中生活六个月”(《忏悔录》下)。
“我从来不曾真正适合于社交活动”,在那里“我永远也达不到我心灵所要求的那种境地”,“当我把社交界的纷扰所引起的尘世欲念摆脱掉之后,我的灵魂就常常超越了这个氛围,去与天使们提前交往了”(《散步》)。
写完《散步》后仅仅三个月,卢梭就溘然长逝了,到一个没有纷扰、没有苦难的世界里去了(到华伦夫人身边去了)。
那些昏沉、痛苦以及幸福与欢乐的时刻,已成为永存的精神财富,已凝结成为泰戈尔的一首诗: 如果所有的人都害怕而离开了你,
那么,你,一个不幸的人,
就敞开心扉,孤军前进!
如果无人在狂风暴雨的茫茫
黑夜里高举火把,
那么,你,一个不幸的人,
让痛苦点燃你心中的明灯,
让它成为你唯一的光明。