科普阅读理解
四年级语文科普文阅读练习
四年级语文科普文阅读练习一、什么是科普文科普文，顾名思义，就是“科学普及文章”它以通俗易懂的语言，向大众介绍科学知识、科学现象、科学方法和科学精神，帮助人们了解科学、热爱科学参与科学。
二、科普文的特点1.科学性:科普文的内容必须真实可靠，符合科学原理和事实2.通俗性:科普文要使用通俗易懂的语言，避免专业术语，让读者能够轻松理解。
3.趣味性:科普文要生动有趣，吸引者的阅读兴趣，激发他们对科学的求知欲。
4.知识性:科普文要传递科学知识，帮助读者了解科学原理、科学方法和科学精神。
5.实用性:科普文要与生活实际相结合，帮助读者解决生活中的实际问题。
三、科普文阅读方法1.快速浏览:首先快速浏览文章的标题、图片、图表等，了解文章的主要内容和结构。
2.重点阅读:针对文中的重点内容进行仔细阅读，并做好笔记。
3.联系实际:将文章中的知识与生活实际联系起来，思考其应用价值。
4.拓展阅读:可以阅读与文章相关的其他科普文章，进一步拓展知识面。
四、四年级科普文阅读练题1. 阅读理解例题：《奇妙的植物世界》植物是地球上最重要的生物之一，它们为我们提供食物、氧气、木材等，对人类的生存和发展至关重要。
植物种类繁多，形态各异从高耸入云的参天大树到微不足道的苔藓，无不展现着生命的奇迹。
植物的生长需要阳光、水分、空气和土壤等条件。
阳光为植物提供能量，水分和空气为植物提供养分，土壤为植物提供支撑。
植物通过光作用将二氧化碳和水转化为有机物，释放氧气，为人类和其他生物提供呼吸所需的氧气。
植物的种类繁多，包括乔木、灌木、草本植物等。
乔木是指高大的树木，如松树、柏树、杨树等灌木是指较矮的树木，如玫瑰、月季、杜鹃花等；草本植物是指没有木质茎的植物，如小麦、水稻、玉米等。
植物的形态各异，有高有矮，有粗有细，有直有弯，有有黄，有红有紫。
它们的花朵、果实、叶子也各具特色，为我们的生活增添了许多色彩。
阅读完文章，请回答以下问题：(1)植物对人类的生存和发展有什么重要作用？(2)植物的生长需要哪条件？(3)植物通过什么方式为人类和其他生物提供氧气？(4)乔木、灌木、草本植物分别指什么？(5)植物的形态有哪些特点？2. 知识拓展例题：(1你知道哪些常见的植物？(2)你了解植物的哪些生长特点？(3)你知道哪些植物与我们的生活息息相关？(4)你对植物世界有哪些疑问？3. 科学探究例题：(1)设计一实验，观察植物的生长过程。
适合语文四年级的科普阅读理解材料
适合语文四年级的科普阅读理解材料四年级的小朋友们，你们是不是对这个神奇的世界充满了好奇呀？今天咱们就来聊聊适合你们的科普阅读理解材料，带你们开启一场奇妙的知识之旅！先来说说《十万个为什么》这本书。
它就像一个装满了无数奇妙问题和答案的大宝库。
比如说，为什么星星会眨眼睛？为什么雨后会出现彩虹？这些问题是不是常常在你们小脑袋瓜里转来转去？这本书用简单易懂的文字，就像老师给你们讲故事一样，把复杂的科学知识变得有趣又好懂。
这难道不比那些枯燥的课本有意思多啦？还有《昆虫记》也很棒哟！法布尔爷爷带着我们走进了小小的昆虫世界。
你们知道吗，小蚂蚁就像勤劳的工人，每天忙忙碌碌地搬运食物；蜜蜂就像小小的建筑师，建造出精美的蜂巢。
通过这本书，你们能看到昆虫们的生活习性和独特本领，仿佛自己也变成了一只小小的昆虫，在草丛里探险呢！《神奇的校车》系列也不能错过。
校车里的老师和同学们总是有各种神奇的冒险，一会儿钻进人体里，看看身体的奥秘；一会儿又飞到太空中，探索宇宙的神秘。
这就像你们在游乐场里坐过山车一样刺激，在阅读的过程中不知不觉就学到了好多知识。
《中国儿童百科全书》也不错哟！这里面有关于动物、植物、历史、地理等各种各样的知识。
就像是一个知识的大超市，你们想要什么就能找到什么。
比如说，了解一下咱们国家的长城是怎么建成的，大熊猫为什么那么珍贵。
是不是感觉很有意思？对于咱们四年级的小朋友来说，这些科普阅读材料就像是一把把神奇的钥匙，可以打开一扇扇通往知识宝库的大门。
它们能让你们的小脑袋变得更加聪明，视野更加开阔。
小朋友们，还等什么呢？赶紧拿起这些书，去探索那未知的世界吧！难道你们不想成为班上的“小百科全书”吗？。
英语阅读理解(科普环保)练习题20篇及解析
英语阅读理解(科普环保)练习题20篇及解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A shark moving around the coastline is normally a worrying sight，but this waterborne drone (无人机) threatens floating rubbish instead of people.Developed by Dutch company RanMarine, the WasteShark takes nature as its inspiration with its whale shark-like mouth. Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.According to RanMarine, the WasteShark is available in both autonomous and remote-controlled models. Measuring just over five feet by three-and-a-half feet (1.5 meters by 1.1 meter), it can carry up to 352 pounds of rubbish (159.6 kg) and has an operational battery life of 16 hours.By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the world's oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat."WasteShark also has the abilities to gather air and water quality data, remove chemicals out of the water such as oil, and heavy metals, and scan the seabed to read its depth and outlines," said Oliver Cunningham, one of the co-founders of RanMarine. "Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches.""Our drones are designed to move through a water system, whether it's around the perimeter (周边) or through the city itself. The drones are that last line of defense between the city and the open ocean," added Cunningham. "WasteSharks are operating in Dubai, South Africa and the Netherlands and cost $ 17, 000 for the remote-controlled model and just under $ 23, 000 for the autonomous model."Dubai-based operator Ecocoast has two WasteShark drones. Co-founder Dana Liparts says they will clean waterfronts for clients including hotels and environmental authorities and that Ecocoast' intention is to have the collected rubbish recycled or upcycled. However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways doesn't have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing people's attitudes towards littering.（1）What do we know about the WasteShark?A. It can frighten sharks away.B. It is an ocean explorer.C. It is a rubbish collector.D. It can catch fish instead of people.（2）What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?A. The causes of ocean pollution.B. The dangers of using plastics.C. The severity of ocean garbage pollution.D. The importance of ocean protection.（3）What will the WasteShark do with an approaching object?A. Avoid crashing into it.B. Break it into pieces.C. Swallow it.D. Fly over it.（4）Which of the following ideas does Liparts agree with?A. The WasteShark should be used more widely.B. More measures should be taken to make water clean.C. The production cost of WasteSharks should be reduced.D. People should take a positive attitude to new technology.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。
小学生阅读理解专题(十一)——如何理解科普文章中词汇的意思
小学生阅读理解专题(十一)——如何理解科普文章中词汇的意思
科普文章是指用通俗易懂的语言介绍科学知识的文章。在阅读科普文章时，我们经常会遇到一些生词或专业术语，理解这些词汇的意思对于理解整个文章非常重要。
1. 上下文理解法 上下文理解法是根据词汇所处的上下文来推测其意思。我们可以通过阅读前后句子、段落的内容以及文章主题来猜测词汇的含义。有时候，文章会提供对生词的解释或类比，帮助我们更好地理解。因此，在阅读科普文章时，我们应该仔细阅读周围的句子，以便更好地理解生词的意思。
2. 词根词缀法 词根词缀法是通过分解词汇的词根和词缀，结合我们已知的词汇含义，推测新词的意思。英语中有许多常见的词根和词缀，比如"bio-"表示生命，"geo-"表示地球等。通过了解这些常见的词根和词缀，我们可以推测出一些词汇的大致意思。例如，"biology"表示生物学。
3. 词典查询法 当我们遇到无法通过上下文理解法和词根词缀法理解的生词时，可以通过词典进行查询。词典可以提供生词的详细解释、词性、发音以及相关例句，帮助我们更好地理解词汇的意思。我们可以使用纸质词典或者在线词典进行查询。
4. 参考其他资料 有时候，科普文章可能会引用其他文章、书籍或者专家的观点。在遇到无法理解的词汇时，我们可以尝试查阅其他相关的资料，了解更多背景知识，帮助我们更好地理解生词的意思。
5. 多读多练 理解科普文章中词汇的意思是一个渐进的过程。通过多读科普文章，并尝试使用上述的方法来推测词汇的意思，我们可以逐渐提升我们的词汇理解能力。在阅读过程中，我们也可以做一些练，例如找出文章中的生词并尝试解释它们的意思。
--- 通过上述方法，我们可以更好地理解科普文章中词汇的意思。在阅读过程中，我们要耐心细致，尽量不要依赖翻译工具，通过自己的努力去理解词汇的含义。相信随着阅读的积累和经验的积聚，我们的词汇理解能力会不断提高。
阅读理解(科普类说明文)
2020高考英语全国II卷BSome parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income,education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.24. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?A. Building confidence.B. Developing spatial skills.C. Learning self-control.D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.25.What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？A. Parents’ age.B. Children’s imagination.C. Parents’ education.D. Child-parent relationship.26. How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play?A. They play with puzzles more often.B. They tend to talk less during the game.C. They prefer to use more spatial language.D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.27. What is the text mainly about?A. A mathematical method.B. A scientific study.C. A woman psychologistD. A teaching program.2020山东卷阅读理解DAccording to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions （份）, it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly（表面上）participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she’s having” effect. However, we’ll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I?12. What is the recent study mainly about?A. Food safety.B. Movie viewership.C. Consumer demand.D. Eating behavior.13. What does the underlined word "beanpoles" in paragraph 1 refer to?A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persons.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persons.14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?A. To see how she would affect the participants.B. To test if the participants could recognize her.C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.D. To study why she could keep her weight down.15. On what basis do we "adjust the influence" according to the last paragraph?A. How hungry we are.B. How slim we want to be.C. How we perceive others.D. How we feel about the food.2020深圳第二次线上测试Pinocchio may be just a children’s fairy tale, but Spanish scientists at the University of Granada recently investigated this so-called “Pinocchio effect” and found that our noses don’t grow when we tell a lie, but actually shrink a bit.Dr. Gómez Milán and his team developed a lie detector test that used thermography（体温计）to tell if people were lying, and found that whenever participants in their research were being untruthful, the temperature of the tip of their nose dropped up to 1.2℃, while the temperature of their forehead increased up to 1.5℃. Scientist also found that drop in temperature at nose level actually caused it to slightly shrink, although the difference is undetected by the human eye.“One has to think in order to lie, which rises the temperature of the forehead,” Dr. Gómez Milán explained the findings. “At the same time we feel anxious, which lowers the temperature of the nose.”For this study, researchers asked a number of 60 students to perform various tasks while their temperature is scanned by technology. One of these tasks required making a 3 to 4 minutes call to their parents or a friend and telling a significant lie. Participants had to make up the lie themselves during the call. Interestingly, this lie detector picked up the “Pinocchio effect” temperature difference in 80 percent of the test subjects, which is a better rate of success than that of any modern lie detector.“With this method we have achieved to increase accuracy”, said Dr. Gómez Milán, who added that law enforcement interviewers could one day combine other lie detection technology with thermal imaging to achieve better results.1.Why does the writer talk about Pinocchio in the first paragraph?A.To tell a fairy tale.B.To give an example.C.To talk about a scientist.D.To introduce the topic.2.What is “Pinocchio effect”?A.Our noses will grow when we tell a lie.B.Our noses will shrink when we tell a lie.C.The temperature of the forehead falls if we lie.D.The temperature of the student rises for anxiety.3.How did Dr. Gómez Milán feel about the lie detector?A.Doubtful.B.Surprised.C.Confident.D.Puzzled.4.What lesson can we learn from the text?A.A lie will travel very hard.B.Many ways to bring a liar to light.C.A lie never lives to be old.D.Once a liar always a liar.2018北京高考阅读CPlastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alon e was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. The ir findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ”she explains, “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ”Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”43. What can we learn about the worms in the study?A. They take plastics as their everyday food.B. They are newly evolved creatures.C. They can consume plastics.D. They wind up in landfills.44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .A. identify other means of the breakdownB. find out the source of the enzymeC. confirm the research findingsD. increase the breakdown speed45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .A. help to raise wormsB. help make plastic bagsC. be used to clean the oceansD. be produced in factories in future46. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain a study method on worms.B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.C. To present a way to break down plastics.D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.2020高考英语全国II卷B keys:BCDB24.B 细节理解题。
高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题(有答案和解析)含解析
高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题(有答案和解析)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.The Rapid Rise and Fall of Robot BabysittersDuring the winter of 2017, an 18-year old college student named Canon Reeves spent much of his time trailing a knee-high robot around Fayetteville, Arkansas, as it delivered Amazon packages to students. The robot, created by a start-up called Starship Technologies in 2014, is basically a cooler on wheels; it uses radars, sensors, and nine cameras to make deliveries. Reeves's job was to monitor how it handled various grounds, field comments from the public, and press the off switch if necessary. He said, "People would also ask if it could deliver beer." It couldn't.Broadly speaking, jobs of caring for robots fall under the umbrella of careers in automation, which include maintenance, engineering and programming. The demand for people with this skill set is considerable, with 20 million to 50 million new jobs to be expected in this category by 2030, according to the Mckinsey Global Institute. In the year that ended in June 2018, had almost three times the number of positions on the recruitment committee that ended in June 2016.Over the last year, a 34-year-old businessman named David Rodriguez spent hundreds of hours following a machine called the KiwiBot around UC Berkeley's campus while it delivered Red bull and other drinks to students. To retrieve (检索) orders, the app encourages students to give the robot a wave; the robot's digital eyes will roll depending on its mood. Rodriguez, who heads business development for the start-up, was tasked, early on, with monitoring the KiwiBot for problems – even carrying it, should the motors fail. Since April 2018, though, the KiwiBot has largely been left unattended, and the majority of human interactions involve technical checks and loading food into the robot. To eliminate the boring work, the team is developing a restaurant robot to collect and load orders – which could happen in 2020. However, Rodriguez assured me that his staff won't be out of work. Everyone holds double roles in the company. Greater robot self-governing just means employees will shift their focus to accounting, engineering, and design. Mckinsey estimates that millions of jobs globally could be lost to automation by 2030. "A huge number of jobs will be produced as autonomous vehicles are released into the environment," Ramsey said. In 2016, Bosch started training students from Schoolcraft College, a community college in Michigan, in autonomous-vehicle repair; Toyota has trained students in maintenance as well. "We might even see a return to low-level jobs where people come and fuel the car for you," Ramsey said. "Until we can wirelessly charge, someone needs to refuel them." The hardest-to-automate industries, as it happens, are the ones that require looking after humans, such as childcare, education and health care. Robot babysitters might feel like they have scored the job of the future, but in fact, they might be better positioned.（1）What kind of robot is the one created by a start-up called Starship Technologies? A. A factory robot. B. A delivery robot. C. A restaurant robot. D. A construction robot.（2）What does "fall under the umbrella of" in Para. 2 mean?A. are in the category ofB. are under the protection ofC. are in relation ofD. are in the process of（3）According to Ramsey, what will happen when autonomous vehicles are put on the market?A. Autonomous vehicles will become much cheaper.B. A large number of people will be out of work.C. A lot of job opportunities will be created.D. Many people will turn to buying autonomous cars.（4）What does the last sentence in Para. 4 mean?A. Robot carers will have a competitive advantage in the future.B. Many new occupations like caring for robots come and go fast.C. We still need someone to look after robots in the future.D. Robots will create more and better jobs for people in the future.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，随着机器人被越来越多的应用，照看机器人的工作也随之发生了变化。
阅读理解--广告类 科普类 文化类
广告类：TODAY, Friday, November 12JAZZ with the Mike Thomas Jazz Band at The Derby Arms. Upper Richmond Road West, Sheen.DISCO Satin Sounds Disco. Free at The Lord Napier, Mort lake High St., from 8a. m. to 8p. m. Tel: 682—1158.SATURDAY, November 13JA ZZ Lysis at The Bull’s Head, Barnes. Admission 60p.MUSICAL HALL at The Star and Garter, Lower Richmond Road, Putney, provided by the Aba Daba Music Hall company. Good food and entertainment fair price. Tel: 789—6749.FAMIL Y night out? Join the sing-along at The Black Horse. Sheen Road, Richmond.JAZZ The John Bennett Big Band at The Bull’s Head, Barnes. Admission 80p.THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion(手风琴). Tel: 789—4536SUNDAY, November 14DISCO Satin Sounds Disco, free at The Lord Napier, Mort Lake High Street, from 8 a. m. to 8 p. m.FOLK MUSIC at The Derby Arms. The Short Stuff and residents the Norman Chop Trio. Non-remembers 70p. Tel: 688—4626.HEA VY MUSIC with Tony Simon at The Bull, Upper Richmond Road West, East Sheen.THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion.1. Where and when can you hear the Norman Chop Trio?A. At the Bull’s Head on Sunday.B. At the Derby Arms on Sunday.C. At the Bull on Saturday.D. At the Black Horse on Saturday.2. Where and when can you hear the Mike Thomas Jazz Band?A. At the Derby Arms on Friday.B. At the Black Horse on Friday.C. At the Star and Garter on Saturday.D. At the Derby Arms on Sunday.3. You want to enjoy the electric accordion on Saturday. Which telephone number do you have to ring to find out what time it starts?A. 789—6749.B. 789—4536.C. 682—1158.D. 688—4626.4. You want to spend the Saturday by joining the entertainment with your family. Where should you go?A. Disco at The Lord Napier.B. The sing-along at The Black Horse.C. The electric accordion at The Derby Arms.D. Jazz at The Bull’s Head.5. You want to spend the same day at two different places and don’t want to cross any street. Which of the following is your best choice?A. The sing-along at the Black Horse and Jazz at The Bull’s Head.B. The sing-along at The Black Horse and Folk Music at The Derby Arms.C. Folk Music at The Derby Arms and Heavy Music with Tony Simon at The Bull.D. Musical Hal lat The Star ＆Garter and Disco at The Lord Napier.（ＢＡＢＢＣ）1. If you don’t know how to use a computer, you had better ask for the position of _______.A. a secretary in NESTLEB. a production worker in NESTLEC. a senior engineer in THYSSEND. a cost accountant in THYSSEN2. From the passage we can learn that _______.A. THYSSEN is a successful company with many branchesB. NESTLE is a company only producing chemical productsC. NESTLE asks for good command of English in every PositionD. THYSSEN needs a senior sales manager to sell its products in Asia3. As a graduate from university this year, you can probably get a job as _______.A. a cost accountant in THYSSENB. a purchaser in THYSSENC. a secretary in NESTLED. an accountant in NESTLE（ＢＡＣ）科普类Today just as technology changed the face of industry, farms have undergone an “agricultural revolution”. On the farm of today, machines provide almost all the power.One of the most important benefits will be the farm computer. A few forward-looking farmers are already using computers to help them run their farms more efficiently. The computers help them keep more accurate records so they can make better decisions on what crops to plant, how much livestock to buy, when to sell their products, and how much profit they can expect. Many computer companies have been developing special computer programs just for farmers. Programs are being written for hog producers, grain farmers, potato farmers, and dairy farmers. In the future, farmers will be able to purchase computer programs made to their needs. Because of the growing importance of computers on the farm, students at agricultural colleges are required to take computer classes in addition to their normal agricultural courses. There can be no doubt that farmers will rely on computers even more in the future. While the old-time farm depended on horse power, and modern farms depend on machine power, farms of the future will depend on computer power.Another technological advance which is still in the experimental stage is the robot, a real “mechanized hired hand” that will be able to move and, in some ways, think like a human being. Agricultural engineers believe that computer-aided robots will make startling changes in farming before the end of the century. Unlike farmers of the present, farmers of the future will find that many day-to-day tasks will be done for them. Scientists are now developing robots that will be able to shear sheep, drive tractors, and harvest fruit. Even complex jobs will be done by robots. For example, in order to milk their cows, farmers must first drive them into the barn, then connect them to the milking machines, watch the machines, and disconnect them when they are finished. In the future, this will all be done by robots. In addition, when the milking is completed, the robots will automatically check to make sure that the milk is pure. The complete mobilization of the farm is far in the future, but engineers expect that some robots will be used before long.1. Which sentence carried the main idea of the whole passage?A. The first sentence of the first paragraph.B. The first sentence of the second paragraph.C. The first sentence of the third paragraph.D. The last sentence of the second paragraph.2. According to the passage, computers can not help farmers decide _______.A. how much money they can earn from their productsB. whether to plant a certain kind of cropC. what livestock to raiseD. when to sell their products3. Which of the following statements is true?A. Farmers in the future will depend totally on computers.B.Both computers and robots have been in use on today’s farms.C. Farmers mainly use machines on their farms at present.D. Students at agricultural colleges must take computer classes because they can do nothing without the help of computers on today’s farms.4. According to the engineers, _______will be done by robots in the near future.A. all farm workB. milking cowsC. most of the farm workD. some farm work5. What is the best title for the whole passage?puter, Farmers’ Best FriendB. Farmers in The FutureC. The Agricultural RevolutionD. Computers and Robots【答案与解析】本文介绍了科学技术在农业方面的重大作用以及机器人将在农业中的应用。
(英语)高三英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)含解析
（英语）高三英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读理解According to a recent study, a new genetically modified rice can prevent infections of HIV, the virus responsible for the disease AIDS.The study reports the newly-developed rice produces proteins that attach directly to the HIV virus. This process prevents the virus from mixing with human cells. The scientists say it can remove the effect of the virus and block its spreading.The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS reports that worldwide, nearly 37 million people were living with HIV in 2017. The organization says the largest number of those are in developing countries. Nearly two-thirds of HIV cases are in Africa. Now there is no cure for HIV/AIDS though there have been developments in oral drug treatments to slow the progression of the disease.The new study predicts the rice-based method will lead to long-term use of the anti-HIV treatment across the developing world. Researchers said the "groundbreaking" discovery is "realistically the only way" that anti-HIV combination treatments can be produced at a cost low enough for the developing world.They say the easiest and most cost-effective way to use the rice will be to make it into a cream to be put on the skin. The HIV-fighting proteins can then enter the body through the skin. People all over the world could grow the rice and make the cream themselves. This would prevent the cost and travel required for many patients to receive treatments and medicine.The process of changing the genetic structure of food crops has been debated for some time. Critics of genetically engineered crops believe they can harm people. The scientific team says further testing is needed to ensure that the genetic engineering process does not produce any additional chemicals that could be dangerous to people.（1）What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?A. Stress the urgency of HIV treatments.B. Provide some data about HIV.C. Remind readers of HIV prevention.D. Introduce HIV to the public.（2）In which way will the rice be used at the lowest cost?A. By transforming it into proteins.B. By adding it to an oral drug.C. By attaching it to the HIV virus.D. By processing it into a cream.（3）What can we infer about the genetic engineering process?A. It can prevent infections of HIV.B. It can produce dangerous chemicals.C. It still requires perfecting.D. It applies to the developed world.（4）From which is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook.B. A health magazine.C. A social webpage.D. A first aid brochure.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家培育出可预防艾滋病病毒感染的转基因水稻。
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科普阅读理解
151东城28.（5分）阅读下面科普短文。
二氧化氯（ClO2）是一种环保型杀菌消毒剂。在生活中主要用于饮用水的消毒和食品保鲜。
用二氧化氯消毒后的水可以直接饮用。
二氧化氯是一种黄绿色、有刺激性气味的有毒气体，密度比空气大，其熔点为－59℃，沸点
为11.0℃，易溶于水，且与水反应得到酸性溶液。该气体具有强烈的腐蚀性，吸入高浓度二氧化
氯气体会引起咳嗽和呼吸道粘膜的损伤。
二氧化氯极其不稳定，受热或见光易发生爆炸性分解，直接造成氯气泄漏而污染环境，所
以只有依靠现场制备。工业上用稍潮湿的氯酸钾（KClO3）和草酸（H2C2O4）在60℃时反
应制得。由于制取二氧化氯需要使用的氯酸钾是易爆危险品，所以制备和运输成本很高，因此我
国目前还未广泛用其消毒自来水。
请依据文章回答下列问题：
（1）本文介绍了二氧化氯的性质、制法和 等方面内容。
（2）二氧化氯的化学性质有① ；② 。
（3）请将制备二氧化氯反应的化学方程式填写完全：
2KClO3 + 2H2C2O42ClO2↑+ 2CO2↑ + K2C2O4 +
（4）发生二氧化氯泄漏时，紧急处理方法是 。
151东城28.（5分）（1）用途（2）能与水发生化学反应腐蚀性不稳定性（3）2H2O（4）洒水
151丰台28.（5分）阅读下面科普短文。
钠是一种活泼金属，其原子的结构示意图为。钠在空气中极易被氧化，用小刀一切，
就能观察到它的本来面目：银白色有金属光泽。钠还能与水反应，生成氢氧化钠和氢气。
目前，世界上多数采用电解熔融氯化钠的方法来制得金属钠。氯化钠的熔点为801℃，将氯化钠
和氯化钙按质量比2：3混合共熔，可得到熔融温度约为580℃的共熔物，降低了电解所需的温
度。电解时，正极放出氯气，负极产生的金属钠和金属钙同时浮在共熔物，从管道溢出。把熔融
的金属混合物冷却到105～110℃，金属钙结晶析出，通过过滤可以分离出金属钠。
金属钠的应用非常广泛，可以用于制造过氧化钠（Na2O2）等化合物。还能用于生产更加昂贵的
金属钾，以钠和氯化钾为原料，在高温条件下，生成钾和氯化钠，生成的钾能以蒸汽的形式分离
出来。
依据文章内容，回答下列问题：
（1）在钠的原子结构中，与钠元素化学性质密切相关的是__________。
（2）钠具有的物理性质有__________。
（3）金属钠通常保存在石蜡油中，目的是隔绝__________。
（4）钠能与水反应，化学方程式为__________。
（5）写出用钠制取钾的化学方程式__________。
151丰台28．（5分）（1）最外层电子 （2）银白色固体（有金属光泽、质地软）
（3）隔绝水和氧气（4）2Na+ 2H2O 2NaOH + H2↑（5）Na+ KCl NaCl+ K↑
151海淀28．（5分）阅读下面科普短文。
除夕的夜晚，烟花在空中绽放，绚丽无比。烟花又称花炮、烟火、焰火，主要用于典礼或表
演中。
烟花和爆竹的组成类似，其中都包含黑火药。黑火药由硝酸钾、木炭和硫粉混合而成，一定
条件下引燃会发生剧烈反应，瞬间产生大量由二氧化碳、氮气等组成的混合气，同时释放大量热。
高温
由于气体体积急剧膨胀，压力猛烈增大，于是发生爆炸。在军事上，黑火药是弹药的重要组成部
分，可用作枪弹、炮弹的发射药等。
制作烟花的过程中，还加入一些发光剂和发色剂，它们使烟花呈现五彩缤纷的颜色。发光剂是金
属镁或金属铝的粉末。发色剂是一些金属化合物，不同金属元素的化合物在火焰上灼烧时，发出
不同颜色的光芒。例如，氯化钠和硫酸钠等物质在火焰上灼烧时会发出黄色光芒；含钙化合物会
发出砖红色光芒；含铜化合物会发出绿色光芒。因此，人们常通过燃放烟花来烘托节日气氛，但
由于黑火药燃烧会产生有害气体，也带来一些环境问题。
依据文章内容，回答以下问题：
（1）黑火药是一种 （填“混合物”或“纯净物”）。
（2）黑火药爆炸时，除二氧化碳、氮气以外的其它产物中一定含 元素（填元素符号）。
（3）镁粉在空气中燃烧的主要反应的化学方程式为 。
（4）灼烧时发出绿色光芒的化合物可能是 （任写一种物质的化学式即可）。
（5）为减少燃放烟花爆竹造成的大气污染，可采取的措施有 。
151海淀28．（5分）（1）混合物 （2）K和S（写全给分） （3）2Mg + O2 2MgO
（4）CuSO4（含铜化合物且化学式正确即给分）
（5）尽量少放或不放烟花爆竹、燃放后及时清扫洒水、使用环保型烟花……（合理即给分）
151朝阳28.（5分）阅读下面科普短文。
19世纪初，铝是比黄金还贵的金属，主要是由于铝的化学性质很活泼，在自然界以化合物
形式存在。当时采用钠与氯化铝在一定条件下发生置换反应得到铝，因生产成本高，所以铝十分
珍贵。
19世纪末，霍尔应用电解熔融金属化合物的方法制备金属。他在用氧化铝制备金属铝的过
程中，发现氧化铝的熔点很高（2050℃），很难达到熔融状态，必须物色一种能够溶解氧化铝而
又能降低其熔点的材料，实验过程中发现冰晶石（Na3AlF6）能起到这种作用。
霍尔在坩埚中，把氧化铝溶解在10%～15%的熔融的冰晶石里进行电解，发现有小球状银
白色的铝生成，冰晶石在电解过程中不被分解，并有足够的流动性，有利于电解的进行。这种廉
价炼铝方法的发现，使铝成为广泛应用的金属材料，至今仍在使用。
根据文章内容，回答下列问题：
（1）金属铝的物理性质 。
（2）冰晶石中氟元素的化合价为 。
（3）用金属钠制取铝的化学方程式为 。
（3）霍尔用电解法制取铝的化学方程式为 。
（4）电解法制铝的过程中，冰晶石的作用是 。
151朝阳28.（5分）（1）银白色固体 （2）-1 （3）3Na+AlCl3一定条件3NaCl+Al
（4）2Al2O3通电4Al+3O
2
↑ （5）溶解氧化铝并降低其熔点
151石景山28．（5分）阅读下面科普短文。
肼（N2H4）又称联氨，有类似于氨的刺鼻气味，贮存时用氮气保护并密封，用途广泛。肼
燃烧放热量大且燃烧产物对环境无污染，常用作火箭燃料，点燃时与助燃物质液态N2O4发生反
应，生成N2和H2O。高压锅炉水处理时用于脱除氧气以防止锅炉的腐蚀，也可以把锅炉内表面
锈蚀后的氧化铁还原为结构紧密的四氧化三铁保护层，减缓锅炉锈蚀。用于烟草、土豆、玉米的
贮藏，用于食用盐酸的制造等。熔点1.4℃，沸点113.5℃；有强烈的吸水性，形成水合肼（N2H4·H2O），
可以用固体烧碱进行脱水；能吸收空气中的二氧化碳；易溶于水；与液氧接触能自燃；长期暴露
在空气中或短时间受热时易发生分解。对眼睛有刺激作用，能引起延迟性发炎，对皮肤和粘膜也
有强烈的腐蚀作用。
依据短文内容，回答下列问题：
（1）肼的下列性质中，属于化学性质的是 （填字母序号，下同）。
点燃
A．与氧化铁作用 B．易溶于水 C．易分解 D．有刺鼻的气味
（2）肼在常温下为______（填“固态”“液态”或“气态”）。
（3）肼作为火箭燃料燃烧时反应的化学方程式为 。
（4）肼有强烈的吸水性，能吸收空气中的CO2，下列物质中的 也具有这些性质。
A．NaCl B．Ca(OH)2 C．NaOH D．NaHCO3
（5）肼需要密封保存的原因是______。
151石景山28．（5分）（1）AC （2）液态 （3）2N2H4 +N2O4 点燃 3Ｎ2↑+４H2O
（4）Ｃ （5）有强烈的吸水性；能吸收空气中的二氧化碳；长期暴露在空气中易分解
151西城27（5分）阅读下面科普短文。
氮氧化物（NOx）种类很多，造成大气污染的主要是一氧化氮（NO）和二氧化氮（NO2）。
NO通常为无色气体。熔点为－163.6℃，沸点为－151.5℃。它的性质不稳定，在空气中易
氧化成NO2。NO结合血红蛋白的能力比CO还强，更容易造成人体缺氧。NO分子作为一种传
递神经信息的信使分子，在使血管扩张、增强免疫力、记忆力等方面有着极其重要的作用。
NO2通常为红棕色有刺激性气味的气体，溶于水生成硝酸（HNO3）和NO，工业上利用这
一原理制取HNO3。NO2能使多种织物褪色，损坏多种织物和尼龙制品，对金属和非金属材料也
有腐蚀作用。
城市大气中的NOx大多来自于化石燃料的燃烧。经测算，天然气、煤和石油燃烧产生NO
x
的量分别为：6.35 kg/t、8~9 kg/t、9.1~12.3 kg/t。以汽油、柴油为燃料的汽车，尾气中NOx的浓
度相当高。在非采暖期，北京市一半以上的NOx来自机动车排放。
依据文章内容，回答下列问题：（各答1条即可）
（1）分别说明NO的“利与弊”：“利”是___________________，“弊”是___________________。
（2）NO2溶于水发生反应的化学方程式是_________________________________。
（3）与煤和石油相比，天然气是比较清洁的燃料，结合数据解释原因：__________________。
（4）减少NOx污染的有效措施是_________________________________________________。
151西城27.（1）增强记忆力 造成大气污染 （2）3NO2＋H2O＝2HNO3＋NO
（3）相同质量时，天然气燃烧产生的NOx的质量少 （4）绿色出行