新标准大学英语book3-unit4教案
新课标人教版英语高一必修3unit4reading部分教案
New Senior English For China Student’s Book3(Reading Part)P25 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars(Period 1 Warming up and Reading)I.Warming up: Lead-inGood morning, class! Today, w are going to study Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars. Before we read the text, let’s turn to page 97 and get familiarized with the vocabulary first. Pay attention to the making of the word. Study the prefixes, roots and suffixes in the words.Play a game to learn the names and positions of the planets:Venus is next to Mercury.Earth is the third planet.Mars is between Earth and Jupiter.Neptune is the furthest planet from the sun.Saturn is between Uranus and Jupiter.Mercury is closest to the sun.II. Pre-reading1. Looking and sayingHave you ever wondered how the universe began? Well I'm sure you may have many answers to this question, but I have one that perhaps, you may not have heard of yet. I will be giving you my theory on this subject. Now look at the screen and listen to me telling you something exciting.2. Talking and sharingDo you know how the universe began?In the 1920s in California, astronomer Edwin Hubble observed distant galaxies using an extremely powerful telescope. He made two mind-boggling(unbelievable) discoveries.First, Hubble fig ured out that the Milky Way isn’t the only galaxy. He realized that faint, cloud-like objects in the night sky are actually other galaxies far, far away. The Milky Way is just one of billions of galaxies.Second, Hubble discovered that the galaxies are constantly moving away from each other. In other words, the universe is expanding. The biggest thing that we know about is getting bigger all the time.A few years later, Belgian astronomer Georges Lemaître used Hubble‘s amazing discoveries to suggest an an swer to a big astronomy question: “How did the universe begin?”III. Reading1. Listening and reading aloudNow please listen to the recording and then read the text aloud. Pay attention to how the native speaker is reading along and where the pauses are within each sentence. I will play the tape twice and you shall read aloud twice, too.2.Reading and underliningNext you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Copy them into your notebook after class as homework.3. Reading and transferring informationRead the passage carefully and analyse its structure. Write down the main idea for each paragraph.4. Reading and understanding difficult sentencesSkim the text and identify the difficult sentences of each paragraph. You may put your hand up if you have any questions.IV. Closing downClosing down by doing exercisesTo end the lesson you are to do the comprehending exercises 2 and 3 on pages 27.Closing down by having a discussion—How Did the Universe Begin?。
大学英语Book3 unit4 教案
工业学院教案Unit 4说写课（第1次课）The first 50 minutes:Step1: Pre-reading activities. (15 minutes)1.Students listen to the introduction about Xi’an and then do the pre-readingactivities on page 92 (group work and discussion).Step 2: Text A reading comprehension.1.Ask the students to read Text A within 15 minutes and raise questions about textunderstanding. (15 minutes)2.Discuss and find answers to questions on page 99: understanding the text andcritical thinking (for critical thinking questions, the teacher had better ask the students to choose only one or two to discuss). While the students are discussing, the teacher may walk around and offer some help. Then, ask one or two students to report their discussion results. (20 minutes)The second 50 minutes:Step3: Key words, phrases and expressions. (15 minutes)Step 4: Functional patterns. (15 minutes)Use the following patterns to make sentences.1. I almost return back to sleep before my eye catches my packed suitcase and I groan, remembering that I’m going to the airport. (Para. 1)要不是突然看见早已收拾好的行李箱，我几乎又要睡着。
新标准大学英语unit3教案（book3）
新标准大学英语unit3教案（book3）Unit 3 Art for art's sakeLearning ObjectivesStudents willIncrease the knowledge of music and paintingLearn how to evaluate the text and predict, linking ideasLearn the knowledge of word formation and collocationTime AllotmentPeriod 1-2Warm-up activitiesUnderstanding Active reading 2Unit taskPeriod 3-4Further Understanding of Active reading 1ExercisesPeriod 5-6Check work on Active reading 1 (understanding and the use of key words and expressions)Language in use (structures)Period 7-8Presentation (unit task)Reading across cultureGuided writing—Giving examplesActive Reading 2The mystery of Girl with a Pearl EarringⅠ warming-up activities (background information)(1)about the writer:Johannes Vermeer is one of the great painters of the Dutch Golden Age (the 17th century) when Holland became a worldcentre for trade, science, & art. He seemed never to have been particularly wealthy, leaving his wife and children in debt at his death, perhaps because he produced relatively few paintings-just 35 are known to exist, and he produced only two or three a year. He quite likely had a patron who bought the paintings he produced. Vermeer was also an art dealer, but his primary source of income was his mother-in-law. His work is known for its great balance and simplicity of design, its masterly use of light and colour harmonies, particularly the use of blues and yellows.(2)about his paintings:Vermeer painted mostly domestic interiors, often of a woman alone doing something: pouring milk, weighing jewels, reading a letter. It is not known who any of the models were. They were probably all painted in the same room. Vermeer’s studio was on the first floor in his mother-in-law’s house. The room had three windows and light from the northwest—preferred by painters. In most of the paintings the women sit or stand in the same corner, with the light source from the left, so that the shadow of Vermeer’s hand did n ot fall onto the canvas as he was painting.(3)about the painting involved in reading 2:Look at the painting and discuss the question: How would you describe her?Her expression could be interpreted as longing or inquiring; probably she wants something ve ry much but we don’t know what it is.Find out how the painting is described in the text!ⅡUnderstanding of the Text1.Text OrganizationFascinating questions--> (Para. 1)Background information--> (Para. 2, 3, 4)story behind the painting (Para. 5-13)2. Difficult sentences(1).With so much mystery, the painting has been the theme of first, a novel and later, a film, both of which attempt to answer some of the questions about the painting, as well as one, which is immediately more appropriate to the medium of the novel or the film: Are her wide eyes and enigmatic half-smile innocent or seductive? (Para 5)正因为如此神秘，这幅画先是成了一部小说的主题，而后又被一部电影所采纳。
新标准大学英语3_教案
教学对象：大学英语三级学生教学目标：1. 理解课文内容，掌握课文中的重点词汇和短语。
2. 培养学生的阅读理解能力，提高阅读速度。
3. 培养学生的写作能力，提高写作水平。
4. 增强学生的听说能力，提高口语水平。
教学重点：1. 课文中的重点词汇和短语。
2. 阅读理解技巧。
3. 写作技巧。
教学难点：1. 课文中的复杂句子和段落。
2. 阅读理解中的推理判断。
教学准备：1. 课文教材《新标准大学英语》综合教程3。
2. 课件或黑板。
3. 阅读理解练习材料。
4. 写作练习材料。
教学过程：一、导入（5分钟）1. 利用多媒体展示与课文相关的图片或视频，激发学生的学习兴趣。
2. 提问：同学们对课文主题有何了解？二、课文讲解（30分钟）1. 介绍课文背景和作者。
2. 逐段讲解课文，讲解过程中注重词汇和短语的学习。
3. 分析课文中的复杂句子和段落，帮助学生理解。
三、阅读理解（20分钟）1. 分组讨论课文内容，让学生在讨论中提高阅读理解能力。
2. 进行阅读理解练习，讲解答案，引导学生掌握阅读理解技巧。
四、写作训练（20分钟）1. 提供写作话题，让学生根据话题进行写作。
2. 讲解写作技巧，指导学生如何提高写作水平。
五、课堂小结（5分钟）1. 总结本节课所学内容，强调重点和难点。
2. 提醒学生课后复习课文，巩固所学知识。
六、课后作业1. 复习课文，掌握课文中的重点词汇和短语。
2. 完成阅读理解练习，提高阅读理解能力。
3. 根据写作话题，撰写一篇短文。
教学反思：本节课通过导入、课文讲解、阅读理解、写作训练等环节，使学生在轻松愉快的氛围中掌握了课文内容，提高了阅读理解能力和写作水平。
在今后的教学中，我将注重以下几点：1. 关注学生的个体差异，因材施教。
2. 加强课堂互动，提高学生的参与度。
3. 注重培养学生的自主学习能力，提高学生的综合素质。
新标准大学英语3,第三第四单元
Handout and Key toUnit 3& unit 4Unit 3Language points1 For lack of a better terminology, one might name these: (1) the sensuous plane, (2) the expressiveplane, (3) the sheerly musical plane. (Para 1)The expression for lack of a better terminology is used to introduce rather inexact terms. It means sincewe don’t have any exact terms, I’m going to use these rather rough terms. The word sensuous suggests physical pleasure which relates to your physical senses rather than to youremotions and thoughts.A plane is a level of thought, development or existence.The word sheer is used to emphasize the amount or degree of something. The sheerly musical plane refersto the level of the musical material, melodies, rhythms, harmonies etc. The sheer pleasure (Para 2, Line 2)means great or pure pleasure.2 The only advantage to be gained from mechanically splitting up the listening process into thesehypothetical planes is … (Para 1)The word hypothetical means to be based on situations or events that seem possible rather than on actualones. Here, the planes are not real, they are just part of a model for analysis and discussion.3 One turns on the radio while doing something else and absent-mindedly bathes in the sound. A kindof brainless but attractive state of mind is engendered by the mere sound appeal of the music. (Para 2)To bathe means to swim or wash yourself in a bath, river or lake. To bathe in the sound means to immerseyourself in the sound, like in water.To engender means to cause a feeling or attitude to exist. The expression engendered by the mere soundappeal means to be created only by the appeal or attraction of the sound.4 Music allows them to leave it ... dreaming because of and apropos of the music yet never quitelistening to it. (Para 3)The expression apropos of means relating to; it is used to introduce something else about the subject youare talking about. The expression is derived from French, and the final -s is silent in pronunciation.Unit 3 Art for art’s sake825 ... but you must not allow it to usurp a disproportionate share of your interest. The sensuous planeis an important one in music ... but it does not constitute the whole story. (Para 4)To usurp means to take a job or position that belongs to someone else without having the right to do this.The sentence you must not allow it to usurp a disproportionate share of your interest means don’t let ittake up a wrong amount of your interest.The expression it does not constitute the whole story means there is more to it than this.6 Here, immediately, we tread on controversial ground. (Para 5)The expression we tread on controversial ground contains a metaphor: These are ideas that some peoplewill probably disagree about or not approve of.7 Composers have a way of shying away fr om any discussion of music’s expressive side. (Para 5)To shy away from something means to avoid someone or be unwilling to do something because you arenervous, afraid or not confident.8 Is it pessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad? (Para 6) The word resignedly means with resignation, accepting that something unpleasant must happen or thatyou cannot change it. The whole sentence gives nuances – shades of meaning –of different kinds ofsadness: sadness which has a fee ling of pessimism (things are bad and we can’t change them easily),sadness to which we may feel resigned – we accept it, sadness that we feel is part of our fate –we can’tavoid it and it is part of our life, and sadness that also has humour, so we smile even though we feel sad.9 It is very important for all of us to become more alive to music on its sheerly musical plane. (Para 9)To become / be alive to something means to know that something is happening and realize how importantit is.10 After all, an actual musical material is being used ... He must hear the melodies, the rhythms, theharmonies, the tone colors in a more conscious fashion. (Para 9)The musical materials refer to the elements of music, usually discussed under the headings of melody (thetune), rhythm (the effects of time or duration of the beats of music, the pulse), harmony (how the notesof music combine with each other in chords or sequences of notes), tone color (how the precise sound ofnotes can vary), and form (how the music is organized with all the elements and patterns of repetition andvariation).11 Perhaps an analogy with what happens to us when we visit the theater will make this instinctivecorrelation clearer. (Para 11)An analogy is a comparison between two situations, processes etc, that is intended to show that the twoare similar. That the two things are analogous means the same things are true of or relevant to both ofthem.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.Teaching tipsTo go through the answers, T assigns Numbers 1–7 to seven Ss, and ask each student to read onedefinition. T then assigns Numbers 8–14 to another seven Ss, and ask them to give corresponding answersorally. For example, “You could use the word constitute,” or “That means the same as constitute.”1 to make up or form something (constitute)2 happening or done at the same time (simultaneously)3 able to do something because you have the knowledge, skill, or experience that is needed (qualified)4 a regular pattern of sounds in music that you can show by moving, hitting your hands together, or hittinga drum or other surface (rhythm)5 to receive or obtain something from something else (derive)6 someone who writes music, especially classical music (composer)7 as much as is needed (sufficiently)5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4. Johann Sebastian Bach is possibly the greatest (1) composer the world has ever known. His Well-Tempered Clavichord (2) constitutes one of the most complete works for keyboard ever written. It is(3) simultaneously both a series of technical exercises which explore the possibilities of the keyboard, andArt for art’s sake Unit 385a masterpiece of expressive feeling. Although he was a highly (4) qualified musician (as an organist anda choirmaster), he was not considered to be (5) sufficiently “modern” by the generation which followedhim, and he was soon forgotten. But his music was rediscovered in the 19th century, for its perfect senseof (6) rhythm and harmony. Indeed, many of the great composers of the 20th century, such as Stravinsky,(7) derived a lot of their musical ideas from him.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. You mayneed to make other changes.1 Shh! They’re about to announce the winner of this year’s International Piano Competition. (proclaim)2 It’s quite easy to make a comparison between poetry and music. (analogy) It’s quite easy to make an analogy between poetry a nd music.3 We are amazed by her ability to express herself with great clearness and simplicity. (clarity)4 How many artists have given up everything for the cause of their art? (for the sake of)5 Internet emerges as a powerful and effective force in advertising new products. (potent)6 I enjoyed the performance, but I thought the clothes the actors were wearing were a bit silly. (costumes)7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you split something up, do you (a) divide it into parts, or (b) put the parts together?2 If you do something absent-mindedly, are you (a) thinking about what you are doing, or (b) thinkingabout something else?3 Do you look for consolation (a) after a piece of bad news, or (b) after a piece of good news?4 If you are treading on controversial ground, are you (a) taking a risk, or (b) making everybody happy?5 If you shy away from something, do you (a) keep close to it, or (b) keep your distance from it?6 If you pin something down, are you (a) able to examine it carefully, or (b) unable to examine itcarefully?Unit 3 Art for art’s sake867 If you know the melody of a piece of music, are you familiar with (a) the tune, or (b) the meaning of themusic?8 Is an instinctive reaction to something (a) automatic, or (b) one which followsa lot of thought?Reading and interpreting8 Work in pairs and choose the best answer to the questions.1 Which is the writer’s main purpose?(a) To show how complex listening to music is.(b) To get people to listen to music more.(c) To discourage some people from listening to music.(d) To get people to think about how they listen to music.2 Who does the writer address as you?(a) Musicians.(b) Theatregoers.(c) Composers.(d) Intelligent music lovers.9 Check (¸) the statements you agree with.√ 1 The analysis the writer makes is a fair and accurate one.Yes, I think this is a reasonable analysis of listening to music.2 He describes the sensuous listener in negative terms.He does mention some negative aspects of sensuous listening but he says several times that welisten in all three ways, so I don’t think he is actually negative about this way.√ 3 He thinks all great music is expressive.He doesn’t actually say this, but this seems to be his point of view.4 He thinks most listeners are not intelligent enough.No, he doesn’t say this. He says most listeners are not conscious enough of the third plane, but thatdoesn’t mean they aren’t intelligent.√ 5 He is probably a professional musician.I guess this is true because of his knowledge of Stravinsky and Bach, and his insights into theeffective way of listening to music.√ 6 He is probably a good teacher.I think so because of his way of explaining the three planes and because of the way he uses theanalogy of the theatre, which non-musician might appreciate.Active reading (2)Language points1 We know his work includes paintings of religious and mythological themes, domesticinteriors andlandscapes. (Para 2)Domestic interiors are the inside of households with the rooms, furniture and decorations.Landscapes are paintings of an area of land, showing the scenery sometimes with people but the focusmostly on nature.2 While Griet goes about her duties, she attracts the attention not only of a butcher’s boy, Pieter, butalso of the painter himself. (Para 6)To go about her duties means to do the work that she is supposed to do. Being on duty means to beworking at the moment; being off duty means to be not working at the moment.3 Despite their different backgrounds and class, he invites her into his studio and engages her in hisworld. (Para 6)To engage her in his world means to help her to take an interest, understand or take part in what hedoes.4 Vermeer recognizes Griet as having visual talent and artistic promise, and takes her on as his studioassistant. (Para 7)The expression she has artistic promise means she shows the sign that she is likely to be successful as anartist in the future.5 Her role is to grind paints and develop the colours which Vermeer will use for his paintings ...(Para 7)To grind paints means to break something into very small pieces or powder by crushing it between twosurfaces or using a machine. In Vermeer’s time, artists made their own paints by grinding up differentcolours and mixing the powder with water or other substances. This task was often done by an apprenticeor assistant.6 Catharina has long been forbidden to enter the studio, so the apprenticeship takes place in secret.(Para 7)The apprenticeship refers to employment as an apprentice to work for someone, or a company, usuallyfor low pay, in order to learn the type of work they do. In the 16th and 17th centuries, it was normal forpeople to learn how to be an artist by serving as an apprenticeship.7 The film shows very effectively the tension ... for the portrait commissioned by hispatron. (Para 12)To commission means to ask someone officially to do some work for you. Commissioning a work of ar tmeans asking the artist to produce a particular work of art in exchange for payment Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 someone who looks at a picture, photograph, or piece of art (viewer)2 a painting, drawing or photograph of someone, especially of their face only (portrait)3 relating to peo ple’s homes and family life (domestic)4 the inside part of something, especially a building or vehicle (interior)5 as a result (consequently)6 to start to employ someone or use their services (engage)7 to officially ask for a piece of work to be done for you (commission)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5. In the beginning it was only the rich and famous who had their (1) portraits painted. But from theRenaissance onwards things changed. Firstly, the growing importance of the middle classes led manyordinary people to (2) commission paintings, often of members of their family. Secondly, artistsbecame interested in showing scenes of (3) domestic life, set in the (4) interiors of ordinary houses, and(5) consequently they began to (6) engage ordinary people, such as servant girls, as models. Part of themystery for (7) viewers today concerns the identity of these models, in masterpieces such as Leonardo’sMona Lisa and Vermeer’s Girl with a Pearl Earring.Additional activity7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.1 He changed his religion from Protestantism and became a Catholic. (converted)2 One of the assistant’s jobs was to break into a powder the paints. (grind)3 The newspaper started to change the fact so that it was no longer true ever since it existed, and the localgovernment was definitely one of the victims. (distort)Unit 3 Art for art’s sake944 You don’t have to make a hole in your ears to be able t o wear these earrings. (pierce)5 The lives of artists have often been linked to shocking events and situations. (scandals)6 One of the most striking aspects of the painting is the turban she is wearingon her head. (features)7 I’ll finish the painting t his evening, so from now until then you can havea break. (in the meantime)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Are exotic clothes likely to be (a) ordinary, or (b) unusual?2 Is a sitter someone who (a) is being painted, or (b) spends a lot of time sitting down?3 Is a conventional sense of beauty one which is (a) shared and understood by most people, or(b) different from what is shared and understood by most people?4 Is an enigmatic expression one which is full of (a) good humour, or (b) mystery?5 If you have a volatile personality, do you get angry (a) quickly, or (b) only when you can’t tolerate?6 If you are wary of something, are you (a) excited about it, or (b) careful and nervous about it?7 If you show something explicitly, do you (a) make its meaning very clear so there is no doubt about it,or (b) leave its meaning unclear?8 If a woman tries to keep her modesty, does she (a) cover her hair and body to avoid any sexual feelingin men, or (b) talk and act with good grace?9 Is jealousy the feeling you get when you think someone you love (a) is attracted to somebody else, or(b) doesn’t love you any more?Language in useword formation: compound nouns1 Form compound nouns to indicate:1 a writer of songs (songwriter)2 a director of films (film director)3 a scarf you wear around your head (headscarf)4 a pack you carry on your back (backpack)5 a stick you use to make your lips red (lipstick)6 a lace you use to tie up your shoe (shoelace)7 polish that you put on your nails (nail polish)might have been / done2 Rewrite the sentences using might have been / done .1 It’s possible that the artist and the model became lovers.The artist and the model might have been lovers.2 It’s possible that Catharina was never jealous of th e model.Catharina might never have been jealous of the model.3 It’s possible that the model became Vermeer’s assistant.The model might have become Vermeer’s assistant.4 It’s possible that Vermeer painted other masterpieces which have since been lost.Vermeer might have painted other masterpieces which have since been lost.5 It’s possible that Vermeer died in poverty.Vermeer might have died in poverty.may be due to the fact that …3 Complete the sentences with your own ideas using may be due to the fact that …1 The young pianist’s musical genius may be due to the fact that his mother played the piano a lot whileshe was pregnant, so he has always heard music from day one.2 The late arrival of the train may be due to the fact that there were severe storms last night.3 The misunderstanding may be due to the fact that she speaks very little Chinese and I don’t speak muchSpanish.Art for art’s sake Unit 3974 The book’s enormous popularity may be due to the fact that it has been aggressively marketed on TVand it was discussed in several prime time TV shows.5 His dislike of music may be due to the fact that he was exposed to loud rock music for many hours aday when he was quite small.insist that …4 Rewrite the sentences using insist that …1 I met an old friend who refused to let me go before I had a drink with him.I met an old friend, who insisted that I have a drink with him before he let me go.2 The customs people refused to let me through unless I signed a document they gave me.The customs people insisted that I sign a document they gave me before they let me through.3 We refused to let him start the concert before having an hour’s rest.We insisted that he have an hour’s rest before he started the concert.4 They refused to publish the book until he changed some of the things he had written.They insisted that he change some of the things he’d written before they published the book.5 She refused to let me see the painting until I apologized for what I had done. She insisted that I apologize for what I had done before she let me see the painting.collocations5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 appeal This word means the quality that something has that makes people like it or want it.(a) If a radio station wants to widen its appeal, what does it need to do?It needs to appeal to a wider audience by having more popular programmes. (b) Are games and sports that have a popular appeal liked by many people or a few people?They are liked by many people.(c) When an organization makes an appeal for money, what does it do?It asks people to give money, probably for a charity.(d) How would the police launch an appeal to the public for information?They would have a special event like a TV broadcast in which they ask the public to come forwardwith any relevant information.2 qualified This word can mean thoroughly trained for a particular job.(a) If you are a highly qualified doctor, what do you have?You have lots of medical qualifications.(b) If a job advertisement asks for fully qualified engineers, what does it expect? It expects people with degrees in engineering and work experiences to apply.(c) If someone is well qualified to give an opinion, who are they?They are expert on the topic for which they are asked to give an opinion. Unit 3 Art for art’s sake983 engage This word can mean to start to employ someone or use their services.(a) If you get engaged to someone, what are you planning to do?You are planning to get married with the person.(b) If government forces have engaged with rebels, what is happening?The government forces are fighting the rebels.(c) If you engage someone in conversation, what do you do?You talk to them and try to interest them in a conversation.4 convert This word can mean to change from one system, use, or method to another.(a) Where can you convert pounds into dollars?You can exchange the money in banks, at the airport, according to the current exchange rate. Youshould be sure to check the exchange rate because it can change from day to day.(b) What useful piece of furniture do some sofas convert into?They convert into beds so that people can use them for overnight guests. (c) What would a farmer have to do to convert to organic food production methods? They would have to stop using artificial methods of food production and start to use more naturalones.5 grind When you grind something, you break it into small pieces or powder, byusing a machine or bycrushing it between two hard surfaces.(a) What happens to coffee, spices or pepper when you grind it?The beans or seeds become powder.(b) Did you know that 20 per cent of people grind their teeth at night?No, the number of the proportion sounds horrible.(c) If the traffic grinds to a halt, does it stop suddenly or slowly?It stops slowly and will probably become a traffic jam unless it gets moving again quickly.6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 Listen, if you can, to the 48 fugue themes of Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavichord. Listen to each theme,one after another. You will soon realize that each theme mirrors a different world of feeling. You willalso soon realize that the more beautiful a theme seems to you the harder it is to find any word that willdescribe it to your complete satisfaction. Yes, you will certainly know whether it is a gay theme or a sadone. You will be able, in other words, in your own mind, to draw a frame of emotional feeling aroundyour theme. Now study the sad one a little closer. Try to pin down the exact quality of its sadness. Is itpessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad? 可能的话，你不妨听听巴赫的《平均律钢琴曲集》中的48个赋格主题。
新标准大学英语3教案
教学目标：1. 学生能够理解课文主旨，掌握文章结构。
2. 培养学生的听力技能，提高对音乐欣赏的鉴赏能力。
3. 扩大学生词汇量，增强语言表达能力。
4. 培养学生的思维能力和创新意识。
教学重点：1. 如何欣赏音乐的三种层次：感官层次、表达层次和音乐层次。
2. 如何在音乐欣赏中运用英语表达自己的感受。
教学难点：1. 学生对音乐欣赏层次的理解和运用。
2. 学生在音乐欣赏过程中如何运用英语进行表达。
教学准备：1. 教学课件（包括课文翻译、词汇、练习题等）。
2. 音乐作品（如古典音乐、流行音乐等）。
3. 录音设备。
教学过程：一、导入1. 教师简要介绍本节课的主题：How We Listen。
2. 学生分享自己对音乐欣赏的理解和经验。
二、课文学习1. 教师引导学生阅读课文，讲解重点词汇和短语。
2. 学生跟读课文，加深对文章内容的理解。
3. 教师引导学生分析课文结构，总结文章主旨。
三、音乐欣赏1. 教师播放不同风格的音乐作品，让学生进行欣赏。
2. 学生分享自己对音乐作品的感受，运用英语表达自己的观点。
3. 教师引导学生分析音乐欣赏的三种层次，让学生在欣赏过程中体会不同层次的特点。
四、课堂练习1. 教师布置练习题，让学生巩固所学知识。
2. 学生完成练习，教师批改并讲解。
五、总结与拓展1. 教师总结本节课的重点内容，强调音乐欣赏的三种层次。
2. 学生分享自己在音乐欣赏过程中的心得体会。
3. 教师布置课后作业，要求学生欣赏一首自己喜欢的音乐作品，并运用英语撰写一篇欣赏文章。
教学反思：本节课通过引导学生欣赏音乐、分析音乐欣赏层次、运用英语表达感受等方式，培养学生的听力技能和语言表达能力。
在教学过程中，要注意以下几点：1. 注重学生的参与度，鼓励学生积极发言。
2. 结合实际生活，引导学生运用所学知识。
3. 注重培养学生的创新意识和思维能力。
4. 注重课后作业的布置和批改，确保教学效果。
Book 3 Unit 4电子教案
Unit Four1.Movie Clip1.What did the English army do on April 4, 1357?The English army occupied the village of Castlegard in France.2.Who was Lady Claire? What happened to her?Claire was French Commander Arnaut’s sister, a woman of class and nobility. She was caught and hanged by the English army, which frenzied the French to overpower the English and led to the falling of the fortress of La Roque in one night.Discussion:How much do you know about the UK-French relationship? This is an open question.Script- Listen up, class. April 4, 1357. Castlegard, France. The English army in their red uniforms occupied the village of Castlegard. The French, meanwhile, were advancing, trying to drive them out of there, in this direction over the river, past the monastery and up and over to the heights here. Just leave it, Chris, that’s fine, before you wreck the place. The English army, meanwhile, had retreated to Castle La Roque. Well fortified, very strong, very well supplied, and both sides had settled in for a long siege.- The French were trying to push the English out of France for 100 years. Lord Oliver tries to take the fight out of the French. Now, he has a prisoner, a woman. A woman of class and a woman of nobility, Commander Arnaut’s sister, Lady Claire. During the battle he hangs her from the battlements for all of the French forces to see. Now instead of demoralizing the French, it whips them into a frenzy, and they attack the castle like madmen, and they overpower the English with sheer passion. So the fortress of La Roque fell in one night because of the death of one woman, Lady Claire. All right folks, that’s enough academics for today. Go get your hands dirty.2.QuotesRead the following quotes, and tell your classmates which one is your favorite. State your reasons.All objects, all phases of culture are alive. They have voices. They speak of their history and interrelatedness. And they are all talking at once!— Camille PagliaEvery age, every culture, every custom and tradition has its own character, its own weakness and its own strength, its beauties and cruelties; it accepts certain sufferings as matters of course, puts up patiently with certain evils. Human life is reduced to real suffering, to hell, only when two ages, two cultures and religions overlap.— Hermann HesseEach nation feels superior to other nations. That breeds patriotism — and wars.— Dale CarnegieNo nation is permitted to live in ignorance with impunity.— Thomas JeffersonThe world still consists of two clearly divided groups: the English and the foreigners. One group consists of less than 50 million people; the other of 3,950 million. The latter group does not really count.— George MikesPeople nowadays like to be together not in the old-fashioned way of, say, mingling on the piazza of an Italian Renaissance city, but, instead, huddled together in traffic jams, bus queues, on escalators and so on. It’s a new kind of togetherness which may seem totally alien, but it’s the togetherness of modern technology.— J. G. BallardListening In and Speaking Out1.Notes2.Listening3.Speaking Practice1.Notes1.etiquette—the customary code of polite behavior in society 礼节2.take a social mishap kindly— kindly tolerate one’s lack of manners or breach of etiquette3.dress code—a set of conventions governing how one is supposed to dress himself on aparticular occasion 着装要求4.audacious— extremely bold or daring5.black-tie party— a formal party at which men are expected to wear a dinner jacket or blacktuxedo (无尾晚礼服) with a black bow tie and women wear a long floor-length evening dress or gown6.attire— clothes, especially fine or formal ones for special occasions or ceremonies7.white-tie party— the most formal type of event such as a state dinner, a very formal ball oran evening wedding. On such an occasion, men are expected to wear a black evening tail coat with a white bow tie while women wear a very formal long floor-length evening gown.8.swallow-tailed coats—formal evening dress for men 燕尾服9.soufflé— a light, spongy baked dish made typically by adding flavoured egg yolks to stifflybeaten egg whites 蛋奶酥2.ListeningListen to the recording and answer the following questions.1.How do the British and the French treat others’ lack of manners or breach of etiquette? Neither the British nor the French treat others’ lack of manners or breach of etiquette kindly.2.What are the taboo topics of conversation for British people? What are the taboo topics ofconversation for French people?Politics and philosophy are the taboo topics of conversation for British people, while money or wealth is a taboo topic of conversation for French people.3.How do British people differ from French people regarding fashion?French people are much less audacious than British people regarding fashion.4.What are British people expected to wear at work? And what about French people?British people are expected to wear formally at work, but French people can go to work with odd jacket and trousers.5.In terms of punctuality, how are British people different from French people?In the UK punctuality is a golden rule, but In France punctuality can be approximate.ScriptFrench and British EtiquetteThough only separated by a small channel the cultural differences between France and Britain are numerous. Neither the French nor the English, two very proud nations, will take a social mishap kindly. Here are some of their differences in etiquette.ConversationHaving a conversation with French and with English people is quite different. If a French person asks a British person for his opinion about a politician, the situation will be very awkward since in the UK politics is still slightly taboo. Philosophy is regarded as boring and stormy debates are to be avoided at all cost. And yet this is what the French love. In the same way, don’t contradict the other guests just for fun. It is not fun at all in the UK where conciliation is preferred to debates.Don’t refer to money or wealth when you speak to a French person as it will be regarded as extremely vulgar. Pay careful attention to these details and avoid being bad company.Dress codeFrench people are much less audacious than British people regarding fashion: When British people go out, they are not afraid to show off. Gorgeous dresses for ladies and dinner jackets for men are usually the norm for an evening party unless otherwise specified. For black-tie party the attire is very formal and classy: evening dresses for ladies and black-tie for men. For a white-tie party you have to dress up more. It is appropriate for men to wear swallow-tailed coats. In contrast, French people are more discreet. Most of the time parties are more casual and the dress code is not so often mentioned.In addition, British people pay more attention to clothes at work. Whereas in France a man can go to work with odd jacket and trousers, this would be unacceptable in the UK. Attire has to be formal at all times except on Friday which is more casual. Be careful this doesn’t mean thatyou can wear a simple T-shirt, but you can remove your tie.PunctualityPunctuality is not regarded in the same way around the world. In France punctuality can be approximate, you could even hear about the saying “being 15 minutes late to be polite”. The idea is to let the hosts finish preparing the party without rushing them. In the UK on the contrary punctuality is a golden rule. Some invitations even mention “8.00 for 8.30”. It means that the party or the dinner will begin precisely at 8.30 and that you are supposed to be there from 8.00. Being late in that case would be unforgivable, especially if the hostess decided to cook a soufflé!!!3.Speaking Practice1.Give an oral presentation on the summary of the main points of the listening passage.For your referenceThe key points:Differences in etiquette between France and Britaina.Conversationb.Dress codec.Punctuality2.Discuss and comment on the effectiveness of each other’s oral presentation.3.Work in pairs and take turns to ask and give answers about the following topics:a. “Cultural differences cause problems.” Do you agree with this statement?b. What are some of the differences between the Chinese and the British cultures?c. Do you think cultural awareness is important in language learning? Why?Text I1.Pre-Reading QuestionsHere are the questions for you to think about before you read the text.1. How did the English and the French people look at the Chunnel, joyously or resentfully?Why do you think so?2. How do you visualize the breakthrough ceremony? Exercise your imagination.For your referenceThese are open questions. You may discuss the above questions with your classmates. Your knowledge about France and Britain may help you to answer Question One, while for Question Two, you should exercise your imagination.2.General ReadingGo over the text rapidly once and then decide which of the following statements best sums up the content.__ 1. The French and the English people seemed none too happy about the Chunnel and there would be more people going to France via the Chunnel than there would be people going to Britain.√ 2. In spite of the adverse sentiments expressed by the English and the French people, the Chunnel that joins Britain and France was finally completed and, looking back, the breakthrough that took place several years ago was a moving scene..__ 3. The construction of the Chunnel was an important event and large numbers of people would be using it to go across the English Channel.3.Background1.English ChannelThe English Channel, often referred to simply as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates southern England from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. It is about 560 km long and varies in width from 240 km at its widest to 34 km in the Strait of Dover. It is the smallest of the shallow seas around the continental shelf of Europe, covering an area of some 75,000 square kilometers.2.The Channel TunnelThe Channel Tunnel is a 50.5-kilometre undersea rail tunnel linking Folkestone, Kent, in the United Kingdom with Coquelles, Pas-de-Calais, near Calais in northern France beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover. At its lowest point, it is 75 meters deep. At 37.9 kilometers, the Channel Tunnel possesses the longest undersea portion of any tunnel in the world.3.the ContinentContinental Europe, also referred to as mainland Europe or simply the Continent (particularly bythe British, Icelanders and other European island nations), is the continent of Europe, explicitly excluding European islands.4.TextThe Light at the End of the ChunnelIn a hotel lobby in Sandgate, England, not two miles from the soon-to-be-opened English Channel Tunnel, stiff upper lips trembled. For the first time since the last ice age, England was about to be linked to France.“I’d rather England become the 5lst state of the U.S.A. than get tied up to there,”said a retired civil servant with a complexion the color of ruby port. He nodded toward the steel gray Channel out the window3, his pale blue eyes filled with foreboding.“Awful place,” added his wife, lifting a teacup to her lips. “They drink all the time, and the food is terrible. When I go to the Continent, I take my own bottle of English sauce.”“We don’t care much for the French,”her husband concluded. “But the French....”Here a pause, a shudder, as the gull-wing eyebrows shot upward. “The French don’t care for anybody.”On the other side of the Channel, the entente was scarcely more cordiale. In Vieux Coquelles, a village a beet field away from the French terminal near Calais, Clotaire Fournier walked into his farmhouse.“I went to England once,” he said, sinking into a chair in the dining room. “Never again! All they eat is ketchup.” A tiny explosion of air from pursed lips, then the coup de grâce. “You can’t even get a decent glass of red wine!”Well, by grace of one of the engineering feats of the century, for richer or poorer, better or worse, England and France are getting hitched. On May 6, 1994, Queen Elizabeth of Britain and President François Mitterrand of France are scheduled to inaugurate the English Channel Tunnel (“Chunnel” for short), sweeping aside 200 years of failed cross-Channel-link schemes, 1,000 years of historical rift, and 8,000 years of geographic divide.The 31-mile-long Chunnel is really three parallel tunnels: two for trains and a service tunnel. It snakes from Folkestone, England, to Coquelles, France, an average of 150 feet below the seabed. Drive onto a train at one end; stay in your car and drive off Le Shuttle at the other 35 minutes later. Later this year〔i.e., 1994〕Eurostar passenger trains will provide through service: London to Paris in three hours; London to Brussels in three hours, ten minutes.The Chunnel rewrites geography, at least in the English psyche. The moat has been breached. Britain no longer is an island.* * *It’s June 28, 1991, and I’m packed into a construction workers’train along with several dozen other journalists. We’re headed out from the English side to the breakthrough ceremony for the south running tunnel — the last to be completed.The Chunnel is a work in progress. The concrete walls await final installation of the power, water, and communication lines that will turn it into a transport system. White dust fills the air. The train screeches painfully. “Makes you appreciate British Rail,” someone jokes.Finally we reach the breakthrough site. The two machines that dug this tunnel started from opposite sides of the Channel and worked toward the middle. Now we’re staring at the 30-foot-diameter face of the French tunnel boring machine (TBM), “Catherine.”In one of those vive la différence quirks that color the project, the French gave women’snames to their machines. On the British side, it’s by the numbers —like TBM No.6. Another difference: French workers wear chic, well-cut, taupe jumpsuits with red and blue racing stripes down the sleeves. The British uniform is pure grunge: baggy, bright orange.Looking up, I imagine 180 feet of Channel above my head —ferries, tankers, a Dover sole or two....The grating of the TBM interrupts my reverie. Its cutterhead — a huge wheel with tungsten-tipped teeth — chews into the last trace of rock separating England from France.Music blares, and lights glare. Several Frenchmen scramble through. Thunderous applause erupts as dozens more follow. Strangely moving, this connecting of countries. Champagne corks pop, and French workers hug British counterparts.“I might have opposed it 30 years ago, but now it’s my tunnel,” an Englishman says.French tunnelers are still climbing through. “So many,” I say, turning to a French official.“And there are 56 million more behind them,” he replies.Après le tunnel, le déluge? Eurotunnel hopes so. It predicts eight million passengers a year by 1996. The flow will be lopsided. Only 30 percent of the traffic will be headed to Britain. “The French don’t take holidays in England,” explains Jeanne Labrousse, a Eurotunnel executive.Hmmmm. Why do the French visit Britain? For the food? The weather? Fashion?Mme. Labrousse seemed thoughtful.“Of course,” she brightened, “we will work on selling the idea.”From National Geographic, May 1994,by Cathy Newman. Words and phrases:(1) stiff: a. firm, hard, or difficult to bend or move, not moving or operating freelye.g. Her grandpa’s legs were stiff from kneeling.This is too stiff, I can’t bend it with my hands.(2) complexion: n. the natural colour or appearance of the skin on one’s facee.g. Drinking juice is good for the complexion.She is dark in complexion.(3) foreboding: n. a strong feeling that something bad is going to happen soone.g. The sailor’s wife had a strange foreboding that he would not return.It is strange that the role of anticipation and foreboding in Shakespearian drama has sofar not received adequate attention and treatment(4) shudder: n. a shaking movemente.g. She gave a little shudder when she touched his clammy hand.A shudder ran through him at the touch of her fingers.(5) scarcely: ad. almost not or almost none at all [= hardly]e.g. I can scarcely believe you’re twenty years old now.The difference is scarcely perceptible to the average reader.(6) decent: a. of a good enough standard or qualitye.g. At that time it is possible to land a decent job without a college education.The main employment challenge in rural areas, however, is that many jobs do not ensuredecent levels of income and sustainable livelihoods.(7) feat: n. something that is an impressive achievement, because it needs a lot of skill, strength,etc. to doe.g. We went from zero-to-complete in just three months —a remarkable feat for anunplanned and very significant overhaul of a 42-year old ship.Man’s first landing on the moon was a feat of great daring.(8) hitch: v. fasten something to something else, using a rope, chain, etc.e.g. Hitch these two ropes together.Last night we hitched the horse to the cart and moved here.(9) be scheduled to: be planned toe.g. What is an employee who is scheduled to work 2 hours a day entitled to in the form ofwages?Sometimes employees are scheduled to work a shift and then the shift is cancelled orshortened.(10) inaugurate: v. open a building or start an organization, event, etc. for the first timee.g. The government will inaugurate its first gas storage facility in the near future.A research rocket was launched to inaugurate the first home-built space centre of thecountry,(11) sweep aside: push or brush someone or something asidee.g. The guards swept the spectators aside as the king’s coach approached.All desks and chairs were swept aside, and then they began to dance.(12) scheme: n.a plan or arrangement made by a government or other organization, a plan forachieving somethinge.g. The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities.To be frank, the scheme is merely a castle in the air.(13) rift: n. a situation in which two people or groups have had a serious disagreement and begunto dislike and not trust each other [= split]e.g. He has warned that the serious rifts within the country could lead to civil war.It was just one argument, but it created a permanent rift between them.(14) parallel: a. being everywhere equidistant and not intersectinge.g. Parallel lines are, by definition, lines on the same plane that never join.It shows how to construct a line parallel to a given line that passes through a givenpoint with compass and straightedge or ruler.(15) snake: v. move in long, twisting curvese.g. The river snaked away into the distance.The train snaked its way among the mountains.(16) psyche: n.[countable, usually singular] someone’s mind, or their deepest feelings, whichcontrol their attitudes and behavioure.g. Revenge and punishment lie deep in the human psyche.A characteristic of the feminine psyche is to seek approval from others.(17) moat: n. a deep wide hole, usually filled with water, dug around a castle as a defencee.g. The main house with its charming beams is surrounded by a beautiful moat.Economic moat is a term popularized by Warren Buffett describing a company’scompetitive advantage.(18) breach: v. break a law, rule, or agreement [= break]e.g. How do I make a complaint if I believe my privacy has been breached?Spectators who breach the rules will be asked to leave the building.(19) breakthrough: n. an important new discovery in something you are studying, especially onemade after trying for a long timee.g. Breakthrough ideas always seem impractical at first, so don’t get discouraged.Scientists have made a major breakthrough in the treatment of the disease.(20) in progress: happening now, and not yet finishede.g. I want to report an emergency. There’s a robbery in progress.Work in progress! Walking pedestrians should be cautious.(21) await: v. wait fore.g. She is awaiting her father’s instructions.We await your prompt reply with much interest.(22) installation: n. the act of setting up something (as equipment) for usee.g. The installation of an air gap and drain line are recommended.We consider the installation of cameras an infringement on people’s privacy.(23) screech: v. (wheel of a vehicle) make a high unpleasant noise as it moves along or stopse.g. A black Mercedes screeched to a halt beside the helicopter.A van screeched onto the road in front of me.(24) quirk: n. a strange habit or feature of someone’s character, or a strange feature of somethinge.g. He had a strange quirk of addressing his wife as Mrs Smith.The most annoying quirk of his is wearing a cap all the time.(25) chic: a. very fashionable and expensive, and showing good judgement of what is attractiveand good stylee.g. I must say that outfit really suits you. You look really chic.Traditionally, French fashion is chic and stylish, defined by its sophistication, cut, andsmart accessories.(26) reverie: n. a state of imagining or thinking about pleasant things, that is like dreaminge.g. He was so lost in reverie that he did not hear the doorbell ring.Autumn is a season for people to generate infinite reverie.(27) blare: v. make a very loud unpleasant noisee.g. The horn blared while I press lock or unlock on my key.As he sat down, the loudspeaker in the station blared.(28) glare: v. shine with a very strong bright light which hurts people’s eyese.g. The sun glare out of the blue sky.The sun glared down on us.(29) scramble: v. move hurriedlye.g. The little boy scrambled after his father.He scrambled to his feet and hurried into the laboratory.(30) thunderous: a. extremely loude.g. At the sight of his appearance on the stage, the hall rang with thunderous applause.The explosion, combined with escaping steam, produced an overwhelming noise, deepand thunderous.(31) erupt: v. break out, start suddenlye.g. In nine cases out of ten, these cases erupt too suddenly to be guarded against.Furious protests erupted in the capital city after the country was invaded by its enemy.(32) counterpart: n.someone or something that has the same job or purpose as someone orsomething else in a different placee.g. The U.S. Congress is the counterpart of the British Parliament.Belgian officials are discussing this with their Canadian counterparts.(33) oppose: v. disagree with something such as a plan or idea and try to prevent it from happeningor succeedinge.g. I can see no reason to oppose the plan.The Supreme Court’s decision on the health care law hasn’t changed the view of somegroups that oppose some of its provisions.(34) lopsided: a. unequal or uneven, especially in an unfair waye.g. Our team finally won the game by a lopsided score of 6 to 0.The inability of the successive governments to prioritise expenditure has led tolopsided development in many of the key sectors.Notes1. For the first time since the last ice ageAn ice age is any point of several periods when glaciers, especially in the form of great ice sheets, covered more of the earth’s surface than they do today 冰川期. Each ice age lasted at least three million years, most of the earlier ones lasted more than 10 million years. Today we live in a warm period during or just after the Quaternary ice age (第四纪冰川期) which was in the Pleistocene Epoch (更新世), beginning 2.5 million years ago. It is believed that all of the early development of humans came during this last ice age and civilization has come into existence as its result. For the first time since the last ice age therefore means “for the first time since the world began to exist.” Clearly this is an exaggeration.2. civil servanta person employed in the civil service or the government departments 公务员，文职人员3. out the windowout here is used informally as a preposition. Generally, out of is preferred.4. the entente was scarcely more cordialeEntente and cordiale are both French words meaning “understanding”and “friendly”respectively.The meaning of the sentence is: “The understanding on the other side of the Channel was hardly more friendly”, in other words, the understanding is just as unfriendly. The use of the two French words is a reference to a historical event. As was mentioned before, conflicts between Britain and France had been incessant for centuries. At the end of the nineteenth century, Britain and France were again on the verge of war. In 1901, however, things took a turn for the better, as King Edward VII of Great Britain was a Francophile (i.e., a person who is friendly to France). The way was opened for agreements between the two countries, and the Entente Cordiale, a friendly understanding, was arrived at.5. a village a beet field away from the French terminala village which is only a short distance away from the French terminalA beet field is a field where beet, a root vegetable, is planted.6. coup de grace(French) a decisive finishing blow 致命的一击7. by grace ofdue to, by the favour of. The usual phrase is by the grace of God, meaning “owing to thefavour shown by God”.8. for richer or poorer, better or worseWhether one likes it or not; whatever happens.The literal meaning of the two phrases is: “on terms of accepting all results”, or “it is not certain what the consequences will be, but they will have to be accepted, because the action has been taken”.9. service tunnela tunnel used to assist with maintenance work10. Le Shuttlethe shuttle, the vehicle used for a regular journey from one place to another and back over a short distance 班车. Apparently, the car drives onto the train at one end and drives off the train at the other end.11. through servicetrain service that goes directly from one place to another 直达车12. vive la différence quirksthe peculiar behaviour that highlights the differences (between the two countries)Vive la différence is French meaning “Long live the differences”.13. chic, well-cut, taupe jumpsuitsfashionable, well-tailored, one-piece garment combining top and trousers in dark brownish gray14. grungea deliberately untidy and uncoordinated fashion style15. ferries, tankers, a Dover sole or twoferries and tankers that sail in the English Channel and one or two flatfish that live in the Strait of Dover16. there are 56 million more behind themreferring to the whole population of France17. Après le tunnel, le deluge(French) After (the completion of) the tunnel, a flood (of people using the Chunnel)18. we will work on selling the ideawe will try to make people interested in going across the English Channel by the Chunnelments on the TextThe text is a feature report which introduces one of the significant transport construction projects in the modern history of European architecture. This report includes different opinions toward the Chunnel, the opinions of local residents of both sides of the English Channel, as well as the comments of the construction tunnellers.The tone of the report is one of objectivity. Different foods, dresses, ways of naming and real dates are used to give the article an unmistakable journalistic flavour. On top of that, real-life, real-time personal experience is included to increase the validity of the account.The text follows the organization of a typical journalistic feature repor t:1. A short opening paragraph sets the scene, in which the thesis is stated in the second sentence: “For the first time since the last ice age, England was about to be linked to France.”2. Immediately following the opening paragraph is the unbiased presentation of the opinions of both English and French local residents across the English Channel.3. The text then proceeds with the reporting of the officially scheduled Chunnel inauguration to show the determination and endeavours of the British and French Governments to connect Britain with the rest of Europe, in order to emphasize the significance of the project.4. After the intentional delay to create suspense, the author introduces the tunnel proper and the historical contributions and benefits of this tunnel thoroughfare.5. Much of the report, then, is devoted to the r eal-time account of the exciting work at the breakthrough site of the Chunnel, an account based on the author’s personal experience and first-hand information.6. The report ends up with revealing the business worries on the part of the Chunnel authorities, who were concerned with, but not without hope, the business of the tunnel transport: promotion work was expected to facilitate the effective use of the Chunnel on the part of the French population.6.ExercisesA. Give an exact reference to prove that each of the following statements is wrong.1. The author of this essay was an English traveller.There is no clear indication in the text that Cathy Newman, the author of the essay, was an English traveller. We have reason to believe that she was an American journalist, since she worked on the “senior staff” for the very popular American magazine National Geographic. Besides, the spelling of the text is typical of American English.2. The English were very excited about the Chunnel because they would be more closely linked by this tunnel to Continental Europe.This is not true. For various reasons including “historical grudges”, the English actually didn’t like the idea of being linked to that “awful place”.3. The idea of linking the British Isles with Europe started in the early 20th century.This is incorrect. The cross-Channel-link scheme dates back 200 years.4. Presumably, the cross-Channel journey takes about at least three hours.This is much too long. According to the text, the whole journey from Folkestone, England, to Coquelles, France, takes no more than 35 minutes.5. The Chunnel project was carried out in a uniform way on both British and French sides.。
Book3Unit4电子教案
Book3Unit4电子教案Unit Four1.Movie Clip1.What did the English army do on April 4, 1357?The English army occupied the village of Castlegard in France.2.Who was Lady Claire? What happened to her?Claire was French Commander Arnaut’s sister, a woman of class and nobility. She was caught and hanged by the English army, which frenzied the French to overpower the English and led to the falling of the fortress of La Roque in one night.Discussion:How much do you know about the UK-French relationship? This is an open question.Script- Listen up, class. April 4, 1357. Castlegard, France. The English army in their red uniforms occupied the village of Castlegard. The French, meanwhile, were advancing, trying to drive them out of there, in this direction over the river, past the monastery and up and over to the heights here. Just leave it, Chris, that’s fine, before you wreck the place. The English army, meanwhile, had retreated to Castle La Roque. Well fortified, very strong, very well supplied, and both sides had settled in for a long siege.- The French were trying to push the English out of France for 100 years. Lord Oliver tries to take the fight out of the French.Now, he has a prisoner, a woman. A woman of class and a woman of nobility, Commander Arnaut’s sister, Lady Claire. During the battle he hangs her from the battlements for all of the French forces to see. Now instead of demoralizing the French, it whips them into a frenzy, and they attack the castle like madmen, and they overpower the English with sheer passion. So the fortress of La Roque fell in one night because of the death of one woman, Lady Claire. All right folks, that’s enough academics for today. Go get your hands dirty.2.QuotesRead the following quotes, and tell your classmates which one is your favorite. State your reasons.All objects, all phases of culture are alive. They have voices. They speak of their history and interrelatedness. And they are all talking at once!— Camille PagliaEvery age, every culture, every custom and tradition has its own character, its own weakness and its own strength, its beauties and cruelties; it accepts certain sufferings as matters of course, puts up patiently with certain evils. Human life is reduced to real suffering, to hell, only when two ages, two cultures and religions overlap.— Hermann HesseEach nation feels superior to other nations. That breeds patriotism — and wars.— Dale CarnegieNo nation is permitted to live in ignorance with impunity.— Thomas JeffersonThe world still consists of two clearly divided groups: the English and the foreigners. One group consists of less than 50million people; the other of 3,950 million. The latter group does not really count.— George MikesPeople nowadays like to be together not in the old-fashioned way of, say, mingling on the piazza of an Italian Renaissance city, but, instead, huddled together in traffic jams, bus queues, on escalators and so on. It’s a new kind of togetherness whic h may seem totally alien, but it’s the togetherness of modern technology.— J. G. BallardListening In and Speaking Out1.Notes2.Listening3.Speaking Practice1.Notes1.etiquette—the customary code of polite behavior in society 礼节2.take a social mishap kindly—kindly tolerate one’s lack of manners or breach of etiquette3.dress code—a set of conventions governing how one is supposed to dress himself on aparticular occasion 着装要求4.audacious— extremely bold or daring5.black-tie party— a formal party at which men are expected to wear a dinner jacket or blacktuxedo (无尾晚礼服) with a black bow tie and women wear a long floor-length evening dress or gown6.attire— clothes, especially fine or formal ones for special occasions or ceremonies7.white-tie party— the most formal type of event such as astate dinner, a very formal ball oran evening wedding. On such an occasion, men are expected to wear a black evening tail coat with a white bow tie while women wear a very formal long floor-length evening gown.8.swallow-tailed coats—formal evening dress for men 燕尾服9.soufflé—a light, spongy baked dish made typically by adding flavoured egg yolks to stifflybeaten egg whites 蛋奶酥2.ListeningListen to the recording and answer the following questions.1.How do the British and the French treat others’ lack of manners or breach of etiquette? Neither the British nor the French treat others’ lack of manners or breach of etiquette kindly.2.What are the taboo topics of conversation for British people? What are the taboo topics ofconversation for French people?Politics and philosophy are the taboo topics of conversation for British people, while money or wealth is a taboo topic of conversation for French people.3.How do British people differ from French people regarding fashion?French people are much less audacious than British people regarding fashion.4.What are British people expected to wear at work? And what about French people?British people are expected to wear formally at work, but French people can go to work with odd jacket and trousers.5.In terms of punctuality, how are British people different from French people?In the UK punctuality is a golden rule, but In France punctuality can be approximate.ScriptFrench and British EtiquetteThough only separated by a small channel the cultural differences between France and Britain are numerous. Neither the French nor the English, two very proud nations, will take a social mishap kindly. Here are some of their differences in etiquette.ConversationHaving a conversation with French and with English people is quite different. If a French person asks a British person for his opinion about a politician, the situation will be very awkward since in the UK politics is still slightly taboo. Philosophy is regarded as boring and stormy debates are to be avoided at all cost. And yet this is what the French love. In the same way, don’t contradict the other guests just for fun. It is not fun at all in the UK where conciliation is preferred to debates.Don’t refer to money or wealth when you speak to a French person as it will be regarded as extremely vulgar. Pay careful attention to these details and avoid being bad company.Dress codeFrench people are much less audacious than British people regarding fashion: When British people go out, they are not afraid to show off. Gorgeous dresses for ladies and dinner jackets for men are usually the norm for an evening party unless otherwise specified. For black-tie party the attire is very formal and classy: evening dresses for ladies and black-tie for men. For a white-tie party you have to dress up more. It is appropriate for men to wear swallow-tailed coats. In contrast, French people aremore discreet. Most of the time parties are more casual and the dress code is not so often mentioned.In addition, British people pay more attention to clothes at work. Whereas in France a man can go to work with odd jacket and trousers, this would be unacceptable in the UK. Attire has to be formal at all times except on Friday which is more casual. Be careful t his doesn’t mean thatyou can wear a simple T-shirt, but you can remove your tie.PunctualityPunctuality is not regarded in the same way around the world. In France punctuality can be approximate, you could even hear about the saying “being 15 minutes late to be polite”. The idea is to let the hosts finish preparing the party without rushing them. In the UK on the contrary punctuality is a golden rule. Some invitations even mention “8.00 for 8.30”. It means that the party or the dinner will begin precisely at 8.30 and that you are supposed to be there from 8.00. Being late in that case would be unforgivable, especially if the hostess decided to cook a soufflé3.Speaking Practice1.Give an oral presentation on the summary of the main points of the listening passage.For your referenceThe key points:Differences in etiquette between France and Britaina.Conversationb.Dress codec.Punctuality2.Discuss and comment on the effectiveness of each other’s oral presentation.3.Work in pairs and take turns to ask and give answers aboutthe following topics:a. “Cultural differences cause problems.” Do you agree with this statement?b. What are some of the differences between the Chinese and the British cultures?c. Do you think cultural awareness is important in language learning? Why?Text I1.Pre-Reading QuestionsHere are the questions for you to think about before you read the text.1. How did the English and the French people look at the Chunnel, joyously or resentfully?Why do you think so?2. How do you visualize the breakthrough ceremony? Exercise your imagination.For your referenceThese are open questions. You may discuss the above questions with your classmates. Your knowledge about France and Britain may help you to answer Question One, while for Question Two, you should exercise your imagination.2.General ReadingGo over the text rapidly once and then decide which of the following statements best sums up the content.__ 1. The French and the English people seemed none too happy about the Chunnel and there would be more people going to France via the Chunnel than there would be people going to Britain.√ 2. In spite of the adverse sentiments expressed by the English and the French people, the Chunnel that joins Britain and France was finally completed and, looking back, the breakthrough that took place several years ago was a moving scene..__ 3. The construction of the Chunnel was an important event and large numbers of people would be using it to go across the English Channel.3.Background1.English ChannelThe English Channel, often referred to simply as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates southern England from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. It is about 560 km long and varies in width from 240 km at its widest to 34 km in the Strait of Dover. It is the smallest of the shallow seas around the continental shelf of Europe, covering an area of some 75,000 square kilometers.2.The Channel TunnelThe Channel Tunnel is a 50.5-kilometre undersea rail tunnel linking Folkestone, Kent, in the United Kingdom with Coquelles, Pas-de-Calais, near Calais in northern France beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover. At its lowest point, it is 75 meters deep. At 37.9 kilometers, the Channel Tunnel possesses the longest undersea portion of any tunnel in the world.3.the ContinentContinental Europe, also referred to as mainland Europe or simply the Continent (particularly bythe British, Icelanders and other European island nations), is the continent of Europe, explicitly excluding European islands.4.TextThe Light at the End of the ChunnelIn a hotel lobby in Sandgate, England, not two miles from the soon-to-be-opened English Channel Tunnel, stiff upper lips trembled. For the first time since the last ice age, England was about to be linked to France.“I’d rather England become the 5lst state of the U.S.A. than get tied up to there,”said a retired civil servant with a complexion the color of ruby port. He nodded toward the steel gray Channel out the window3, his pale blue eyes filled with foreboding.“Awful place,” added his wife, lifting a teacup to her lips. “They drink all the time, and the food is terrible. When I go to the Continent, I take my own bottle of English sauce.”“We don’t care much for the French,”her husband concluded. “But the French....”Here a pause, a shudder, as the gull-wing eyebrows shot upward. “The French don’t care for anybody.”On the other side of the Channel, the entente was scarcely more cordiale. In Vieux Coquelles, a village a beet field away from the French terminal near Calais, Clotaire Fournier walked into his farmhouse.“I went to England once,” he said, sinking into a chair in the dining room. “Never again! All they eat is ketchup.” A tiny ex plosion of air from pursed lips, then the coup de grace. “You can’t even get a decent glass of red wine!”Well, by grace of one of the engineering feats of the century, for richer or poorer, better or worse, England and France are getting hitched. On May 6, 1994, Queen Elizabeth of Britain and President Fran?ois Mitterrand of France are scheduled to inaugurate the English Channel Tunnel (“Chunnel” for short), sweeping aside 200 years of failed cross-Channel-link schemes, 1,000 years of historical rift, and 8,000 years of geographic divide.The 31-mile-long Chunnel is really three parallel tunnels: two for trains and a service tunnel. It snakes from Folkestone, England, to Coquelles, France, an average of 150 feet below the seabed. Drive onto a train at one end; stay in your car and drive off Le Shuttle at the other 35 minutes later. Later this year〔i.e., 1994〕Eurostar passenger trains will provide through service: London to Paris in three hours; London to Brussels in three hours, ten minutes.The Chunnel rewrites geography, at least in the English psyche. The moat has been breached. Britain no longer is an island.* * *It’s June 28, 1991, and I’m packed into a construction workers’train along with several dozen other journalists. We’re headed out from the English side to the breakthrough ceremonyfor the south running tunnel — the last to be completed.The Chunnel is a work in progress. The concrete walls await final installation of the power, water, and communication lines that will turn it into a transport system. White dust fills the air. The train screeches painfully. “Makes you appreciate British Rail,” someone jokes.Finally we reach the breakthrough site. The two machines that dug this tunnel started from opposite sides of the Channel and worked toward the middle. Now we’re staring at the 30-foot-diameter face of the French tunnel boring machine (TBM), “Catherine.”In one of those vive la différence quirks that color the project, the French gave women’snames to their machines. On the British side, it’s by the numbers —like TBM No.6. Another difference: French workers wear chic, well-cut, taupe jumpsuits with red and blue racing stripes down the sleeves. The British uniform is pure grunge: baggy, bright orange.Looking up, I imagine 180 feet of Channel above my head —ferries, tankers, a Dover sole or two....The grating of the TBM interrupts my reverie. Its cutterhead — a huge wheel with tungsten-tipped teeth — chews into the last trace of rock separating England from France.Music blares, and lights glare. Several Frenchmen scramble through. Thunderous applause erupts as dozens more follow. Strangely moving, this connecting of countries. Champagne corks pop, and French workers hug British counterparts.“I might have opposed it 30 years ago, but now it’s my tunnel,” an Englishman says.French tunnelers are still climbing through. “So many,” Isay, turning to a French official.“And there are 56 million more behind them,” he replies.Après le tunnel, le déluge? Eurotunnel hopes so. It predicts eight million passengers a year by 1996. The flow will be lopsided. Only 30 percent of the traffic will be headed to Britain. “The French don’t take holidays in England,” explains Jeanne Labrousse, a Eurotunnel executive.Hmmmm. Why do the French visit Britain? For the food? The weather? Fashion?Mme. Labrousse seemed thoughtful.“Of course,” she brightened, “we will work on selling the idea.”From National Geographic, May 1994,by Cathy Newman. Words and phrases:(1) stiff: a. firm, hard, or difficult to bend or move, not moving or operating freelye.g. Her grandpa’s legs were stiff from kneeling.This is too stiff, I can’t bend it with my hands.(2) complexion: n. the natural colour or appearance of the skin on one’s facee.g. Drinking juice is good for the complexion.She is dark in complexion.(3) foreboding: n. a strong feeling that something bad is going to happen soone.g. The sailor’s wife had a strange foreboding that he would not return.It is strange that the role of anticipation and foreboding in Shakespearian drama has sofar not received adequate attention and treatment(4) shudder: n. a shaking movemente.g. She gave a little shudder when she touched his clammy hand.A shudder ran through him at the touch of her fingers.(5) scarcely: ad. almost not or almost none at all [= hardly]e.g. I can scarcely believe you’re twenty years old now.The difference is scarcely perceptible to the average reader.(6) decent: a. of a good enough standard or qualitye.g. At that time it is possible to land a decent job without a college education.The main employment challenge in rural areas, however, is that many jobs do not ensuredecent levels of income and sustainable livelihoods.(7) feat: n. something that is an impressive achievement, because it needs a lot of skill, strength,etc. to doe.g. We went from zero-to-complete in just three months —a remarkable feat for anunplanned and very significant overhaul of a 42-year old ship.Man’s first landing on the moon was a feat of great daring.(8) hitch: v. fasten something to something else, using a rope, chain, etc.e.g. Hitch these two ropes together.Last night we hitched the horse to the cart and moved here.(9) be scheduled to: be planned toe.g. What is an employee who is scheduled to work 2 hours a day entitled to in the form ofwages?Sometimes employees are scheduled to work a shift and then the shift is cancelled orshortened.(10) inaugurate: v. open a building or start an organization, event, etc. for the first timee.g. The government will inaugurate its first gas storage facility in the near future.A research rocket was launched to inaugurate the first home-built space centre of thecountry,(11) sweep aside: push or brush someone or something asidee.g. The guards swept the spectators aside as the king’s coach approached.All desks and chairs were swept aside, and then they began to dance.(12) scheme: n.a plan or arrangement made by a government or other organization, a plan forachieving somethinge.g. The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities.To be frank, the scheme is merely a castle in the air.(13) rift: n. a situation in which two people or groups have had a serious disagreement and begunto dislike and not trust each other [= split]e.g. He has warned that the serious rifts within the country could lead to civil war.It was just one argument, but it created a permanent rift between them.(14) parallel: a. being everywhere equidistant and not intersectinge.g. Parallel lines are, by definition, lines on the same plane that never join.It shows how to construct a line parallel to a given line thatpasses through a givenpoint with compass and straightedge or ruler.(15) snake: v. move in long, twisting curvese.g. The river snaked away into the distance.The train snaked its way among the mountains.(16) psyche: n.[countable, usually singular] someone’s mind, or their deepest feelings, whichcontrol their attitudes and behavioure.g. Revenge and punishment lie deep in the human psyche.A characteristic of the feminine psyche is to seek approval from others.(17) moat: n. a deep wide hole, usually filled with water, dug around a castle as a defencee.g. The main house with its charming beams is surrounded by a beautiful moat.Economic moat is a term popularized by Warren Buffett describing a company’scompetitive advantage.(18) breach: v. break a law, rule, or agreement [= break]e.g. How do I make a complaint if I believe my privacy has been breached?Spectators who breach the rules will be asked to leave the building.(19) breakthrough: n. an important new discovery in something you are studying, especially onemade after trying for a long timee.g. Breakthrough ideas always seem impractical at first, so don’t get discouraged.Scientists have made a major breakthrough in the treatment of the disease.(20) in progress: happening now, and not yet finishede.g. I want to report an emergency. There’s a robbery in progress.Work in progress! Walking pedestrians should be cautious.(21) await: v. wait fore.g. She is awaiting her f ather’s instructions.We await your prompt reply with much interest.(22) installation: n. the act of setting up something (as equipment) for usee.g. The installation of an air gap and drain line are recommended.We consider the installation of cameras an infringement on people’s privacy.(23) screech: v. (wheel of a vehicle) make a high unpleasant noise as it moves along or stopse.g. A black Mercedes screeched to a halt beside the helicopter.A van screeched onto the road in front of me.(24) quirk: n. a strange habit or feature of someone’s character, or a strange feature of somethinge.g. He had a strange quirk of addressing his wife as Mrs Smith.The most annoying quirk of his is wearing a cap all the time.(25) chic: a. very fashionable and expensive, and showing good judgement of what is attractiveand good stylee.g. I must say that outfit really suits you. You look really chic.Traditionally, French fashion is chic and stylish, defined by its sophistication, cut, andsmart accessories.(26) reverie: n. a state of imagining or thinking about pleasant things, that is like dreaminge.g. He was so lost in reverie that he did not hear the doorbell ring.Autumn is a season for people to generate infinite reverie.(27) blare: v. make a very loud unpleasant noisee.g. The horn blared while I press lock or unlock on my key.As he sat down, the loudspeaker in the station blared.(28) glare: v. shine with a very strong bright light which hurts people’s eyese.g. The sun glare out of the blue sky.The sun glared down on us.(29) scramble: v. move hurriedlye.g. The little boy scrambled after his father.He scrambled to his feet and hurried into the laboratory.(30) thunderous: a. extremely loude.g. At the sight of his appearance on the stage, the hall rang with thunderous applause.The explosion, combined with escaping steam, produced an overwhelming noise, deepand thunderous.(31) erupt: v. break out, start suddenlye.g. In nine cases out of ten, these cases erupt too suddenly to be guarded against.Furious protests erupted in the capital city after the country was invaded by its enemy.(32) counterpart: n.someone or something that has the same job or purpose as someone orsomething else in a different placee.g. The U.S. Congress is the counterpart of the BritishParliament.Belgian officials are discussing this with their Canadian counterparts.(33) oppose: v. disagree with something such as a plan or idea and try to prevent it from happeningor succeedinge.g. I can see no reason to oppose the plan.The Supreme Court’s decision on the health care law hasn’t changed the view of somegroups that oppose some of its provisions.(34) lopsided: a. unequal or uneven, especially in an unfair waye.g. Our team finally won the game by a lopsided score of 6 to 0.The inability of the successive governments to prioritise expenditure has led tolopsided development in many of the key sectors.Notes1. For the first time since the last ice ageAn ice age is any point of several periods when glaciers, especially in the form of great ice sheets, covered more of the earth’s surface than they do today 冰川期. Each ice age lasted at least three million years, most of the earlier ones lasted more than 10 million years. Today we live in a warm period during or just after the Quaternary ice age (第四纪冰川期) which was in the Pleistocene Epoch (更新世), beginning 2.5 million years ago. It is believed that all of the early development of humans came during this last ice age and civilization has come into existence as its result. For the first time since the last ice age therefore means “for the first time since the world began to exist.” Clearlythis is an exaggeration.2. civil servanta person employed in the civil service or the government departments 公务员，文职人员3. out the windowout here is used informally as a preposition. Generally, out of is preferred.4. the entente was scarcely more cordialeEntente and cordiale are both French words meaning “understanding”and “friendly”respectively.The meaning of the sentence is: “The understanding on th e other side of the Channel was hardly more friendly”, in other words, the understanding is just as unfriendly. The use of the two French words is a reference to a historical event. As was mentioned before, conflicts between Britain and France had been incessant for centuries. At the end of the nineteenth century, Britain and France were again on the verge of war. In 1901, however, things took a turn for the better, as King Edward VII of Great Britain was a Francophile (i.e., a person who is friendly to France). The way was opened for agreements between the two countries, and the Entente Cordiale, a friendly understanding, was arrived at.5. a village a beet field away from the French terminala village which is only a short distance away from the French terminalA beet field is a field where beet, a root vegetable, is planted.6. coup de grace(French) a decisive finishing blow 致命的一击7. by grace ofdue to, by the favour of. The usual phrase is by the grace ofGod, meaning “owing to thefavour shown by God”.8. for richer or poorer, better or worseWhether one likes it or not; whatever happens.The literal meaning of the two phrases is: “on terms of accepting all results”, or “it is not certain what the consequences will be, but they will have to be accepted, because the action has been taken”.9. service tunnela tunnel used to assist with maintenance work10. Le Shuttlethe shuttle, the vehicle used for a regular journey from one place to another and back over a short distance 班车. Apparently, the car drives onto the train at one end and drives off the train at the other end.11. through servicetrain service that goes directly from one place to another 直达车12. vive la différence quirksthe peculiar behaviour that highlights the differences (between the two countries)Vive la différence is French meaning “Long live the differences”.13. chic, well-cut, taupe jumpsuitsfashionable, well-tailored, one-piece garment combining top and trousers in dark brownish gray14. grungea deliberately untidy and uncoordinated fashion style15. ferries, tankers, a Dover sole or twoferries and tankers that sail in the English Channel and oneor two flatfish that live in the Strait of Dover16. there are 56 million more behind themreferring to the whole population of France17. Après le tunnel, le deluge(French) After (the completion of) the tunnel, a flood (of people using the Chunnel)18. we will work on selling the ideawe will try to make people interested in going across the English Channel by the Chunnelments on the TextThe text is a feature report which introduces one of the significant transport construction projects in the modern history of European architecture. This report includes different opinions toward the Chunnel, the opinions of local residents of both sides of the English Channel, as well as the comments of the construction tunnellers.The tone of the report is one of objectivity. Different foods, dresses, ways of naming and real dates are used to give the article an unmistakable journalistic flavour. On top of that, real-life, real-time personal experience is included to increase the validity of the account.The text follows the organization of a typical journalistic feature repor t:1. A short opening paragraph sets the scene, in which the thesis is sta ted in the second sentence: “For the first time since the last ice age, England was about to be linked to France.”2. Immediately following the opening paragraph is the unbiased presentation of the opinions of both English and French local residents across the English Channel.3. The text then proceeds with the reporting of the officially。
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Unit 4 Changing TimesActive reading (1) Work in Corporate AmericaTeaching ObjectivesStudents will be able to:Learning how the types of work people do has changedReading how paper has taken over our working livesUnderstanding how to use irony to create empathyTeaching allotment (1 period = 2 hours)1st period: Pre-reading; While-reading (text structure; cultural notes; language points)2nd period: While-reading (language points; grammatical structures)3rd period: Check on students’ home r eading (Passage 6);Background InformationThis was written in 1972 by Russell Baker (1925 – ), a well-known American journalist and writer. It was collected by Sandra Fehl Tropp and Ann Pierson D’Angelo in their edited book Essays in Context (2000), published by Oxford University Press. The essay leads readers to think from a child’s perspective and to evaluate how a job is seen and understood in corporate America. It uses satire and humour to illustrate the writer’s critical views on corporate America. Culture PointsBlue-collar worker: A blue-collar worker is a member of the working class who typically performs manual labor and earns an hourly wage. Blue-collar workers are distinguished from those in the service sector and from white-collar workers, whose jobs are not considered manual labor. Blue-collar work may be skilled or unskilled, and may involve manufacturing, mining, building and construction trades, mechanical work, maintenance, repair and operations maintenance or technical installations. The white-collar worker, by contrast, performsnon-manual labor often in an office; and the service industry worker performs labor involving customer interaction, entertainment, retail and outside sales, and the like.Migrant worker in the US: According to the United States Public Health Service, there are an estimated 3.5 million migrant and seasonal farmworkers in the United States—men, women, and children who work in all fifty states during peak periods of agriculture. A migrant farmworker is an individual who moves from a permanent place of residence in order to be employed in agricultural work. Seasonal farmworkers perform similar work but do not move from their primary residence for the purpose of seeking farm equipment.China, the world largest agriculture country in terms of farming population, has 225.42 million rural migrant workers as of 2008, according to statistic from the National Statistics Bureau (NBS). Migrant workers are mainly form poor-income families and who leave the countryside to find jobs in cities. The average income of Chinese farmers is about one fourth that of the urban residents earn.White-collar worker: white-collar worker refers to a salaried professional or an educated worker who performs semi-professional office, administrative, and sales coordination tasks, as opposed to a blue-collar worker, whose job requires manual labor. "White-collar work" is aninformal term, defined in contrast to "blue-collar work".Home office: A home office is a space within an individual's personal residence that is used for business purposes. It may be a corner of a spare bedroom equipped with nothing more than a desk. Or, it could be one whole floor of a house filled with the latest in computer and communications devices. Whatever its size and composition, however, the home office is increasingly common in American business today. A majority of the estimated 40 million Americans who work from their homes are self-employed small business owners.In addition, many professionals maintain two offices, and a growing number are equipping their home computers with modems that allow them access to their office computer files. Many large corporations are also expanding experiments in "telecommuting," which enables employees to work from home, using modem-equipped computers, just as they would in the office.1. Where are these people?They are in a large office.2. What are the people doing?They are working with their computers.3. Why does the man standing compare Americans with Japanese?The Japanese have always been considered the most industrious and tireless in the world.4. Are those sitting there excited about being Number One?They do not seem to be very excited.5. What do you think the man sitting back mean?It seems that he is not in agreement with the man standing. Working longer doesn’t necessarily lead to a great country.6. Do you think they are doing something really necessary and important?I don’t think so.In today’s American jobs are not what the y used to be. Not long ago, when a father was asked about his job he could answer in terms that a child could come to grips with. Nowadays, when the parent take his offspring to his place of business in glass buildings that are really incomprehensive to c hildren. What’s more, it’s safe bet that even grown men have trouble visualizing what other men does in their jobs with his day. Therefore, it’s not difficult to imagine a poor child may answer “mulling over” after it beat’s me. the mysteries of work, when his friend asks him of his father’s job.Part A. Key words and expressions:corporate a. relating to large companies, or to a particular large company 大公司的e.g.1. They are going to reorganize the corporate structure next year.他们明年要改组公司。