week1 专业英语基础知识pdf
C-E week1
language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly on terms of style. (Eugene Nida, 1969)
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Teaching and Research focuses: Translation
Studies, English literatureonality: quite relaxed with students
off class but known as a strict teacher in class and a rigid examiner in final exams like yoga and meditation, reading and listening to the music, enjoying cooking but not yet a good cook.
The importance of background knowledge
e.g.: 1) I have got a piece of table cloth with West End goods and East End prices. (cultural background)
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2)在董事会年会上，他提请大家注意一个被普遍忽视 的问题。 Translation1: On the annual board directors, he reminded everyone to pay attention to a largely ignored problem. (field knowledge+ English competence) The importance of English competence - English ways of thinking English: hypotaxis (形合） Chinese: parataxis (意 合） e.g.: 攻击计划 ----- a plan of attack
week 1
2013届高三英语中译英第二轮Week 1 班级：学号：姓名：1)1. 他利用她人好心软，三番五次向她借钱。
（advantage）_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2. 她已向这家公司申请担任秘书。
（apply）_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. 在旧社会，出身贫寒的人很少有接受教育的机会。
(access)_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 4. 必须立刻采取行动以减少台风带来的损失。
（action）_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5. 边开车边打手机是违反交通规则的。
Week 1 讲义
Week 1 讲义Good morning everyone! How are you today?From today, I’ll guide you to visit some English speaking countries. Anyone can list some of them?Ok, now we’ll start our journey from the motherland of English.Before we start our topic, I want to make a survey. What do you know about this country?St. George’s cross, three lions coat of arms, red double decker bus, black taxiWhat is the name of this country?People in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland were once separate nations; England has controlled the other nations over a period of several centuries. The name “Britain”comes from the Brythons (Britons) who migrated from the European Continent before 300 BC. The name “England”comes from the Anglo-Saxon conquerors; it means “Angela-land”, the land of the Anglo-Saxons, collectively known as Angles who migrated from the northwest of the European Continent in the 5th century AC. The name for the Union that once existed in the period between 1800 and the early 1920’s was “the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland”, which changed to its present form in 1927 after the 26 Irish Free States achieved their independence in the early 1920’s.Introduction of The UKThe national flag:the Union JackThe Union Jack is a combination (union) of the flags of St. George (England), St. Andrew (Scotland) and St. Patrick (Ireland). The flag of St. George is white with a red cross. The flag of St. Andrew is blue with a white diagonal对角线cross and The flag of St. Patrick is white with a red diagonal cross. The flag represents a union of countries.The Union Jack is a misnomer用词不当for the actual flag, because a jack is a flag that is flown on a jackstaff船头小旗杆which is a small flag pole on the back of a naval ship舰艇. Hence the flag should be called the Union Flag.Jack意为悬挂在船首表示国籍的小旗。
week1
Haiyang Sun haiysun@
National Research Center for Foreign Language Education
Contents
1 2 3 3 4 5 Course introduction Grades and exams Speech contest English quotes and saying Addressing in English
– 每次完成一单元的一半
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购买教材
– 价格：（20+15）×0.7=24.5元 – 地点：人文楼二楼外语系资料室230
National Research Center for Foreign Language Education
Grades and exams
• 平时成绩30%
• • • • 考勤： 5%，旷课扣1分，迟到、早退、请假各扣 0.5分，扣完为止。 作业： 10%，共2次，每次5分。 测试：10%，内容包括听力（课外）及翻译（速读 1-24篇英译汉），时间暂定第9周（11月8—12日）。 口试：5%，期末课上进行，形式为两名同学对话。
• Requirements
– One participant from each class – Theme: original meaningful stories – Time: 3 minutes for telling stories, 2 m for Q and A
National Research Center for Foreign Language Education
National Research Center for Foreign Language Education
新职业英语1基础篇unit1
新职业英语1基础篇unit11. 介绍在今天全球化的背景下，英语已成为全球通用的商务语言。
无论是在国际贸易、跨国公司还是国际会议上，都离不开英语的应用。
掌握一定程度的职业英语已经成为一种必备的技能。
本文将介绍新职业英语1基础篇unit1的主要内容和重点知识点，帮助读者更好地掌握这一部分内容。
2. 单词与短语在这一单元中，我们将学习一些关于工作场景和日常生活的基础词汇和短语。
比如：- Work: 工作- Office: 办公室- Colleague: 同事- Boss: 老板- Job: 工作- Meeting: 会议- Deadline: 截止日期- Em本人l: 电流信箱- Report: 报告- Schedule: 日程表3. 句型与语法除了单词和短语外，本单元还包括一些常用的句型和语法知识。
比如：- What do you do? 你是做什么工作的？- I work in an office. 我在一家办公室工作。
- She is my colleague. 她是我的同事。
- I have a meeting at 3 o'clock. 我三点有一个会议。
- We have to finish the report by Friday. 我们必须在周五之前完成报告。
4. 阅读与听力本单元还包括一些相关的阅读和听力材料，帮助学生更好地了解和应用所学的知识。
通过阅读相关的文章和听力材料，可以帮助学生提高他们的阅读和听力技能，同时也扩大他们的词汇量和语感。
5. 写作与口语本单元还包括一些写作和口语练习。
学生可以通过写作练习来巩固所学的词汇和句型，同时也可以通过口语练习来提高他们的口语表达能力。
这些练习将帮助学生更好地应用所学的知识，提高他们的实际应用能力。
6. 总结新职业英语1基础篇unit1是一个重要的学习内容，它为学生提供了一些基础的职业英语知识，包括单词、短语、句型和语法等方面。
通过学习这一部分内容，学生可以更好地适应工作和生活中的英语环境，提高他们的职业英语能力。
Week 1
b. We give them the right to failure. Para. 8 1. We must not give high school displomas without regard to merit. 2. We must be realistic about failure to meet standards and must teach our children realism.
Section 4 ( Para. 7 -9 ) Challenge necessary for children’s development a. A challenging curriculum and strict demands Para. 7 1. Michelangelo 2. Mozart 3. Eve Curie and Helen Keller
Two Forms of outline
Topic Outline Sentence Outline In both outlines, the material is arranged logically, according to various degrees of importance.
In the topic
c. The third misunderstanding is that of ultimate values. Para. 6 1. These values have been denied in recent education. 2. The inevitable result in mass selfishness is already evident.
Section 3 ( Para. 3 – 6 )
week one
Your suggestion sounds exciting. 你的提议听起来很刺激。
The woman feels dizzy. 这个女人感觉头晕。 The wine tastes sweet. 酒有甜味。 They stayed friends for life. 他们一生都是朋友。 He remains single. 他继续保持单身。
有上列句型第3和第5这两种有补语的选择。反之，如果是
完全动词，那么后面不需要补语，于是就有上列句型第1、 第2、以及第4这三种没有补语的选择。
及物动词与不及物动词
1. The dog barked at the mailman. 狗冲着邮差叫。 S V
2. The dog bit the mailman. 狗咬邮差。
单句：五种基本句型
1. S+V The cat meowed pitifully. 猫喵喵叫得很可怜。 S V
2. S+V+O
3. S+V+C
Girls love flowers. 女生爱花。
S V O
The dog was a bulldog. 那是只斗牛犬。
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V
C
单句：五种基本句型
语补语的例子都可以用同样的方法、加个be动词变出主
语补语的句子。其实这也就是检验S+V+O+C句型最简 便的方法：把宾语和补语拿出来，中间加个be动词，看
看能不能改成S+V+C。如果可以而且意思不变，就可以
证明原句是S+V+O+C的句型。
请看看下面这些宾语补语的例子： I find the purse pretty. 我觉得这个包包很漂亮。
专业英语基础知识
Reading of Original English Textbooks
Original English textbooks are an important source of professional knowledge and skills They usually cover a wide range of topics, including science, engineering, business, law, etc., and provide detailed explanations and examples to help readers understand and master the knowledge To read and understand original English textbooks, it is necessary to have a good grasp of basic English vocabulary and grammar, as well as the ability to analyze and summarize complex information
The sub junction mood is a graphical construction used to express wishes, hypotheses, or conditions contemporary to fact
It is important to use the sub junction mood correctly in professional English writing to avoid sounding ungrammatical or out of date
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The procedure by which a computer is told how to work is called programming.
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告诉计算机如何工作的过程称为程序设计。
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3.1.2 Conciseness
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科技文章要求行文简练，结构紧凑，用 尽可能少的单词来清晰地表达原意 1) Non-finite Verb 非限定动词 2) Postpositive Attributive 后置定语 3) Elliptical Sentence 省略句 4) Nominalization 名词化结构
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图1中用框图表示的电源是一个单相开关逆变器。
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A three-phase circuit, as it was pointed out above, is merely a combination of three single-phase circuits. A three-phase circuit, as pointed out above, is merely a combination of three single-phase circuits.
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你们必须注意机器的工作温度。
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Electricity can be measured in amount and quality.
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电可以用数量和质量来度量。
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Written language uses a small number of symbols which are easily encoded in digital form and can be combined in innumerable ways to convey meaning.
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做状语或定语 替换表示目的、功能的从句或语句
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What does a fuse do? It protects a circuit. The function of a fuse is to protect a circuit.
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正如上面所指出的那样，三相电路只不过是三个单相电路的 组合。
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The transistor, which is working with correctly polarities, can work as an amplifier. The transistor working with correctly polarities can work as an amplifier.
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书面语言只使用少数符号，这些符号很容易用数字 形式编码，而且可以用大量的方法进行组合来表达 意义。
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nቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
The meters are calibrated and the scale is designed to read the value of the desired unit.
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这些仪表可以被校准并且设计了不同的量程 ，以便 读出期望的数值。
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3.3.1 Classification 3.3.2 Formation 3.3.3 Shortening
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词汇分类 词汇构成 词汇缩略
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3.1 Grammar Features
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3.1.1 Objectivity 客观性 3.1.2 Conciseness 精练性 3.1.3 Accuracy 准确性 严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文 简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化
Specified English for Automation
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About the Course
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What (17 weeks)
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3 Special Topics (about 5 weeks) 4 Parts (about 12weeks) Relative Reading Materials and Exercises Final examination 60% Assignment/Project 40%
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C) Infinitive
不定式
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A) Gerund
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动名词的作用相当于名词，它在句子中 可作主语和宾语
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Changing resistance is a method for controlling the flow of the current.
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改变电阻是控制电流的一种方法。
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Conducting electricity means the flow of electrons through an object.
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工作于正确电源极性下的晶体管，作用就像 放大器。
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A direct current is a current flowing always in the same direction.
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直流电是一种总是沿同一方向流动的电流。
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Radiating from the earth, heat causes air currents to rise.
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3.1 Grammar Features 语法特点 3.2 Rhetoric Features 修辞特点 3.3 Vocabulary Features 词汇特点
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1. Brief Introduction
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基础英语 Basic / Common / Ordinary / General English 科技英语 English for Science and Technology 专业英语 Specified English/Specialized English 隶属于科技英语
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Passive Voice
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Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.
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应当注意机器的工作温度。
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而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine.
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大标题、图形、图题、表格不算一行 公式、小标题算一行。
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课内要求：按老师指定要求做，积极思 考、提问。 课后要求：独立完成作业。预习下次课 的内容
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Course Contents
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Topic 1: Fundamental
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专业英语的基础知识 科技英语的翻译 科技英语的阅读与写作 专业英语文章学习
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3.1.1 Objectivity
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Passive Voice 被动语态
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有人统计专业英语中被动语态的句子要占1/3∼1/2。 科技关心的不是个人的心理情绪，而是客观的普遍 规律的描述，侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确。 尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态。第一、二 人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。 主体多为客观的事物、现象和过程，在叙述推理过 程中切忌加进作者个人的主观臆断。 中心是客观现象及事物本身，而非动作的发出者， 把论证说明的对象置于句子主语的位置，既能突出 中心，又能吸引读者的注意。
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How
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Attention
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平时成绩由上课考勤、课堂表现、课后 作业等决定 缺交作业、或者作业抄袭者（包括将作 业给别人抄袭者）记为0分。 作业必须按时完成，必须在上课前交作 业！迟到者不收！请假者，请通过他人 交作业。 不旷课、不迟到，积极完成作业。
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Requirements
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课前要求：通读课文1遍、将生词查出、 在页边按1、5、10……标上页内行标。
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专业英语与科技英语既有区别又有联系。
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2. Importance
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专业英语阅读能力
科研信息获取
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当前大部分资料都可以通过互联网传播，而这些资料中90％ 以上都是英语 世界上科技情报资料的交流主要靠使用英语,对于自动化等专 业来说，绝大部分专业资料和信息都是以英语形式出观。
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专业英语写作能力 申报国家奖项 n 申请专利、产品说明书 n 发表学术论文:85％以上的科技资料都是以英语形式出版的 n 求职简历、自述等 n 广告、书信、通知、启事、请柬等 专业英语表达、 国际交流合作 听说、应变能力
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热量由地球辐射出来时，使得气流上升。
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A body can move uniformly and in a straight line, there being no cause to change that motion.
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如果没有改变物体运动的原因，那么物体将作匀速 直线运动。
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C) Infinitive
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3.1.2 Conciseness
1) Non-finite Verb
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可以起到名词，形容词或副词作用 是动词的非谓语形式，主要包括
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A) Gerund B) Participle
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动名词 分词
Present Participle 现在分词 Past Participle 过去分词
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3.1 Grammar Features
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语法特点
客观性 精练性 准确性
3.1.1 Objectivity 3.1.2 Conciseness 3.1.3 Accuracy