届高三英语语法要点精讲专题省略句教案

2013届高三英语语法要点精讲（配最新高考+模拟）

专题10 省略句

【考纲解读】

高考中对于省略的考查常体现在复合句的省略、动词不定式的省略以及交际用语中一些习惯性的省略中。

【知识要点】

省略和替代一样，也是一种避免重复、突出关键词语并使上下文紧密连接的语法手段。只要不损害语法结构或产生歧义，能省略就应省略。尤其在对话中，它是一种普遍的现象，因为它有助于语言上的简洁。

1.可省略主语和谓语。

A word about your composition.我现在谈一下你的作文。(省略了I ll say...)

Though tired，he was not disheartened.他虽然累了，但没有泄气。(省略了he was...)

Got a light有火吗(句首省略了Have you...)

2.可省去从句。

You have done better this time.这一次你做得好些了。(省去从句than you did before)

Oh，that reminds me.噢，这使我想起了一件事。(me之后省去了that 从句，其内容由具体情况而定)

3.可用不定式to，省去前面提到的谓语动词。

Jack didn’t pass the driving test，but he still hope to.(to

后省去了pass)杰克没有通过驾驶证考试，但他仍希望能通过。

4.可用so，not省略前面提到的事，表肯定与否定。

—Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend你认为周末会下雨吗

—I believe not/I believe so.我想不会/我想会的。

(即I don’t believe it’s g oing to rain)

5.根据不同语境可省略不同成分。如：

only if，If only，what so ever， in case

6.特殊疑问句的省略。

Where to去哪里

(=Where are you going to)

What for为什么

(例如：What do you come here for你来这里干什么)

Why not do it为什么不做那件事呢

(=Why don’t you do it)

How/What about(sb)doing sth.做某事怎么样

What’s on tonight今晚上映什么

What’s up发生什么事了

【考点诠释】

省略是为了使句子更简洁，同时又不影响句子意义的表达。因此，省略的部分常常可以从句子结构本身或句子所处的语境中可以明确领会其成分。如：

You are as tall as he (is).

When (you are) in Rome, do as the Romans do.

1.比较从句中的省略

I love classic music more than (I like) rock and roll.

He is no longer so shy as (he was) before.

2.在时间状语和条件状语从句中的省略

While (I was) on the street, I came across a friend of mine.

If (you are) offered help, never forget to say “Thank you!”

If (it is) possible, I would like to go there tomorrow.

3.在其他状语从句中的省略

I won’t go there unless (I am) invited.

Things have turned out just as (they were) expected.

How beautiful ( it is)!

4.在并列从句中的省略

The girls are very hard-working; the boys (are very hard-working) too.

The news made some people happy, but (it made) some (other people) sad.

5.命令和请求

No talking！

Silent, everybody!

6.特定问题的回答

—Where have you been

—(I’ve been) Out.

—Have you been waiting long

—(I’ve been waiting for) About an hour.

7.简略的提问句

—Tom, go and water the flowers.

—Why (do you make) me (water the flowers)

典型例题：

1. ________for the rain, the construction work would have been faster.

A. If it were not

B. Were it not

C. Had it not been

D. If it hasn’t

答案：C

解析：省略if时，虚拟条件从句人要倒装。

2. The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than_______.

A. ours

B. those of ours

C. it had for ours

D. it did for us

答案：D

解析：这句话也可以省略为the purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than for us.其中had是has的过去式。