铁道运输外文翻译--基于多目标规划的铁路枢纽客运站布局优化研究
铁路运输常用英语词汇
铁路运输railway transportation；railway traffic铁路运输管理railway transport administration铁路运营railway operation铁路运输组织railway traffic organization铁路运输质量管理quality control of railway transportation 铁路旅客运输规程regulations for railway passenger traffic 铁路货物运输规程regulations for railway freight traffic铁路重载运输railway heavy haul traffic铁路高速运输railway high speed traffic铁路保险运输insured rail traffic铁路保价运输value insured rail traffic铁路军事运输railway military service铁路旅客运输railway passenger traffic铁路客运组织railway passenger traffic organization行李luggage；baggage包裹parcel广厅public hall；concourse行李房luggage office；baggage office售票处booking office；ticket；office候车室waiting room；waiting hall高架火车厅overhead waiting hall问讯处information office；inquiry office客流passenger flow直通客流through passenger flow管内客流local passenger flow市郊客流suburban passenger flow客流量passenger flow volume客流调查passenger flow investigation客流图passenger flow diagram旅客发送人数number of passenger despatched；number of passengers originated 旅客到达人数number of passengers arrived旅客运送人数number of passengers transported旅客最高聚集人数maximum number of passengers in peak hours车票ticket客票passenger ticket加快票fast extra ticket特快加快票express extra ticket卧铺票berth ticket站台票platform ticket减价票reduced-fare ticket学生票student ticket小孩票child ticket残废军人票disabled army man ticket国际联运旅客车票passenger ticket for international through traffic册页客票；联票coupon ticket代用票substituting ticket定期票periodical ticlet公用乘车证service pass行李票luggage ticket；baggage ticket车票有效期ticket availability行李包裹托运consigning of luggages and parcels行李包裹承运acceptance of luggages and parcels行李包裹交付dilivery of luggages and parcels旅客换乘passenger transference变更径路route diversion错乘takeng wrong train漏乘missing a train越站乘车overtaking the station旅客列车乘务组passenger train crew旅客列车乘务制度crew working system of passenger train旅客列车轮乘制crew poolng system of passenger train旅客列车包乘制assigning crew system of passsenger train旅客列车包车制responsibility crew system of passenger train列车员train attendant列车长train conductor乘警train police客运密度passenger traffic density旅客列车直达速度through speed of passenger train旅客列车车底周转时间turnround time of passenger train set列车车底需要数number of passenger train set required客车平均日车公里average car-kilometers per car-day列车平均载客人数average number of passengers carried per train列车客座利用率percentage of passenger seats utilization per train客车客座利用率percentage of passenger seats utilization per car铁路货物运输railway freight traffic铁路货运组织railway freight traffic organization综合性货运站general freight station；general goods station专业性货运站specialized freight station零担货物中转站less-than-carload freight transhipment station；part-load transhipmint station 营业站operating station非营业站non-operating station货场freight yard；goods yard尽头式货场stub-end type freight yard通过式货场through-type freight yard混合式货场mixed-type freight yard装卸线loading and unloading track轨道衡线weight bridge track货区freight area；goods area场库storage yard and warehouse堆货场storage yard货物站台freight platform；goods platform货棚freight shed；goods shed仓库warehouse货位freight section；goods section企业自备车private car月度货物运输计划monthly freight traffic plan旬间装车计划ten day car loading plan要车计划表car planned requisition list日要车计划表daily car requisition plan货物品类goods category计划内运输planned freight traffic计划外运输out-of-plan freight traffic；unplanned freight traffic 直达运输through traffic成组装车car loading by groups合理运输rational traffic对流运输cross-haul traffic过远运输excessively long-distance traffic重复运输repeated traffic迂回运输round about traffic；circuitous traffic无效运输ineffective traffic整车货物car load freight零担货物less-than-carload freight大宗货物mass freight散装货物bulk freight堆装货物stack-loading freight成件包装货物packed freight鲜活货物fresh and live freight罐装货物tank car freight易燃货物inflammable freight易冻货物freezable freight轻浮货物light and bulk freight重质货物heavy freight整车分卸car load freight unloaded at two or more stations一批货物consignment货物运到期限freight transit period货物运单consignment note货票way bill；freight invoice货车装载清单car loading list货物托运consigning of freight货物承运acceptance of freight货物交付dilivery of freight货主owner of freight；consignor；consignee货物发送作业freight operation at originated station货物到达作业freight operation at destination station货物途中作业freight operation en route货物标记freight label运输条件traffic condition运输限制traffic limitation；traffic restriction货车施封car seal货物换装整理transhipment and rearrangement of goods货物运输变更traffic diversion货源freight traffic source货流freight flow货流量freight flow volume货流图freight flow diagram货物发送吨数tonnage of freight despatched货物到达吨数tonnage of freight arrived货物运送吨数tonnage of freight tranaported计费吨公里tonne-kilometers charged运营吨公里tonne-kilometers operated货运密度density of freight traffic货车标记载重量marked loading capacity of car货车静载重static load of car货车动载重dynamic load of car货车载重量利用率coefficient of utilization for car loading capacity 货车日产量serviceable work-done per day超限货物out-of-gauge freight超限货物等级classification of out-of-gauge freight超限货物检查架examining rack for out-of-gauge freight阔大货物exceptional dimension freight超常货物exceptional length freight货物转向架freight turning rack货物转向架支距distance between centers of freight turning rack 跨装straddle车钩缓冲停止器device for stopping buffer action游车idle car货物重心的横向位移lateral shift for center of gravity of goods货物重心的纵向位移longitudinal shift for center of gravity of goods 集重货物concentrated weight goods重车重心center of gravity for car loaded重车重心高center height of gravity for car loaded危险货物dangerous freight；dangerous goods易腐货物perishable freight冻结货物frozen freight冷却货物cooled freight加冰所re-icing point控温运输transport under controlled temperature保温运输insulated trainsport冷藏运输refrigerated transport加温运输heating transport通风运输ventilated transport容许运输期限permissive period of transport国际货物联运international through freight traffic铁路的连带责任joint responsibility of railway发送路originating railway到达路destination railway过境路transit railway国际铁路协定agreeement of frontier railway国际铁路货物联运协定agreement of international railway throangh freight traffic国际联运货物票据international through freight shipping documents国际联运货物交接单acceptance and delivery list of freight for international through traffic国际联运车辆交接单acceptance and delivery list of car for international through traffic国际联运货物换装transhipment of international through goods国际联运车辆过轨transferring of car from one railway to another for international through traffic 货物交接所freight transfer point铁路行车组织organization of train operation铁路行车组织规则rules for organization of train operation车站行车工作细则instructions for train operation at station列车train车列train set旅客列车编组passenger train formation旅客列车passenger train旅客快车fast passenger train旅客特别快车express train旅客直达特别快车through express train国际联运旅客特别快车interantional express train直通旅客列车through passenger train管内旅客列车local passenger train市郊旅客列车suburban passenger train混合列车mixed train旅游列车tourist train临时旅客列车extra passenger train；additional passenger train军用列车military train；troop train货物列车freight train；goods train始发直达列车through train originated from one loading point阶梯直达列车through train originated from several adjoining loading points空车直达列车through train with empty cars循环直达列车shuttled block train单元列车unit train组合列车combined train技术直达列车technical through train直通列车transit train区段列车district train摘挂列车pick-up and drop train区段小运转列车district transfer train枢纽小运转列车junction terminal transfer train路用列车railway service train列车重量标准railway train load norm车辆换算长度converted car length铁路站场与枢纽车站工作组织organization of station operation站界station limit车站等级class of station无调中转车transit car without resorting有调中转车transit car with resorting本站作业车local car接发列车train reception and departure行车闭塞法train block system空间间隔法space-interval method时间间隔法time-interval method书面联络法written liaison method行车凭证running token办理闭塞blocking进路route准备进路preparation of the route列车进路train route调车进路shunting route通过进路through route接车进路receiving route发车进路departure route平行进路parallel route敌对进路conflicting route]开放信号clearing signal关闭信号closing signal调车进路shunting；resorting；car classification解体调车break-up of trains编组调车make-up of trains摘挂调车detaching and attaching of cars取送调车taking-out and placing-in of cars推送调车push-pull shunting溜放调车fly-shunting；coasting；jerking驼峰调车humping有调中转车停留时间detention time of car in transit with resorting集结时间car detention time under accumulation无调中转车停留时间detention time of car in transit without resorting中转车平均停留时间average detention time of car in transit双重作业double freight operations一次货物作业平均停留时间average detention time of local car for loading or unloading 车站办理车数number of inbound and outbound car handled at station车站技术作业表station technical working diagram现在车cars on hand运用车serviceable car；car for traffic use；cars open to traffic非运用车non-serviceable car；car not for traffic use列车编组顺序表train consist list；train list列车预报train list information in advance列车确报train list information after depature车流car flow车流组织organization of car flow货物列车编组计划freight train formation plan车流径路car flow routing列车去向train destination列车编成辆数number of cars in a train列车运行时刻表timetable列车运行线train path上行方向up direction下行方向down direction列车车次train number核心车次scheduled train number机车周转图locomotive working diagram平行运行图parallel train diagram非平行运行图non-parallel train diagram单线运行图train diagram for singletrack双线运行图train diagram for doubletrack成对运行图train diagram in pairs不成对运行图train diagram not in pairs追踪运行图train diagram for automatic block signals基本运行图primary train diagram分号运行图variant train diagram车站间隔时间time interval between two adjacent train at station不同时到达间隔时间time interval between two opposing trains arriving at station not at the same time 会车间隔时间time interval for two meeting train at station同方向列车连发间隔时间time interval for two trains despatching in succession in the same direction 追踪列车间隔时间time interval between trains spaced by automatic block signals运输能力transport capacity通过能力carrying capacity输送能力traffic capacity货运波动系数fluctuating coefficient of freight traffic能力储备系数coefficient of reserved capacity区间通过能力carrying capacity of the block section运行图周期period in the train diagram通过能力限制区间restriction section of carrying capacity列车扣除系数coefficient of train removal运输工作技术计划plan of technical indices for freight traffic装车数number of car loadings卸车数number of car unloadings接运重车数number of loaded cars received交出重车数number of loaded cars delivered接入空车数number of empty cars received交出空车数number of empty cars delivered运用车工作量number of serviceable cars turnround管内工作车local cars to be unloaded移交车loaded cars to be delivered at junction stations空车走行率percentage of empty to loaded car kilometers货车周转距离average car-kilometers in one turnround货车中转距离average car-kilometers per transit operation管内装卸率local loading and unloading rate货车周转时间car turnround time运用车保有量number of serviceable cars held kept货车日车公里car kilometers per car per day列车密度train density技术速度technical speed旅行速度travelling speed；commerial speed列车出发正点率percentage of punctuality of trains despatched to total trains 列车运行正点率percentage of punctuality of trains running to total trains铁路运输调度railway train control；railway traffic dispatching调度所traffic controller’s office ；dispatcher’s office调度区段train dispatching section；train control section调度命令traffic [dispatching] order；train [dispatching] order车流调整adjustment of car flow装车调整adjustment of car loading空车调整adjustment of empty cars备用货车reserved cars运输工作日常计划day-to-day traffic working plan调度日班计划daily and shift traffic plans运行图天窗‘sky-light’ in the train diagram；‘gap’ in the train diagram车站作业计划station operating plan车站班计划station shift operating plan车站阶段计划station stage operating plan调车作业计划shunting operation plan列车运行调整train operation adjustment运转车长train guard列车等级train class反向行车train running in reverse direction列车运缓train running delay列车等线train waiting for a receiving track列车保留train stock reserved列车停运withdrawal of train列车加开running of extra train运输方案traffic program分界点train spacing point线路所block post辅助所auxiliary block post车站station会让站passing station越行站overtaking station中间站intermediate station区段站district station横列式区段站transversal type district station纵列式区段站longitudinal type district station编组站marshalling station；marshalling yard路网性编组站network marshalling station区域性编组站regional marshalling station地方性编组站local marshalling station单向横列式编组站unidirectional transversal type marshalling station 单向纵列式编组站unidirectional longitudinal type marshalling station 单向混合式编组站unidirectional combined type marshalling station 双向横列式编组站bidirectional tranxversal type marshalling station 双向纵列式编组站bidirectional longitudinal type marshalling station 双向混合式编组站bidirectional combined type marshalling station主要编组站main marshalling station辅助编组站auxiliary marshalling station自动化编组站automatic marshalling station客运站passenger station通过式客运站through-type passenger station尽头式客运站stub-end passenger station客货运站mixed passenger and freight station货运站freight station尽头式货运站stub-end freight station直通式货运站through-type freight station换装站transhipment station工业站industrial station港湾站harbour station国境站frontier station国际联运站international through traffic station联轨站junction station技术站technical station铁路枢纽railway junction terminal三角形枢纽triangle-type junction terminal十字形枢纽cross-type junction terminal顺列式枢纽longitudinal arrangement type junction terminal并列式枢纽parallel arrangement type junction terminal环形枢纽loop-type junction terminal混合形枢纽combined type junction terminal尽端式枢纽stub-end type junction terminal站线siding；station track；yard track到发线arrival and departure track到达线receiving track；arriving track出发线departure track编发线marshalling-departure track调车线shunting track；classification track牵出线switching lead；shunting neck；lead track存车线storage siding机车走行线locomotive running track机待线locomotive waiting track安全线catch siding避难线refuge siding尽头线stub-end siding专用线private siding客车洗车线washing siding for passenger vehicle联络线connecting line迂回线round about line环线loop枢纽直径线diametrical line of junction terminal段管线depot siding整备线servicing siding线路中心线central lines of track驼峰推送线pushing track of hump驼峰溜放线hump lead；rolling track of hump驼峰迂回线uound about line of hump难行线hard running track易行线easy running track线束track group线路全长total track length线路有效长effective track length坡度牵出线draw-out track at grade道岔绝缘段insulated switch section道岔配列switch layout禁溜车停留线no-humping car storage车场yard到达场receiving yard；arriving yard出发场departure yard到发场receiving-departure yard直通场through yard调车场marshalling yard；shunting yard；classification yard 辅助车场auxiliary yard箭翎线herringbone track调车设备marshalling facilities；classification facilities。
铁路多式联运的服务设计模型外文翻译
中文3211字外文翻译原文Service Design Models for Rail Intermodal Transportation Material Source: University of Quebec in Montreal Author: Teodor Gabriel Summary.Intermodal transportation forms the backbone of the world trade and exhibits significant growth resulting in modifications to the structure of maritime and land-based transportation systems,as well as in the increase of the volume and value of intermodal traffic moved by each individual mode.Railroads play an important role within the intermodal chain. Their own interests and environment-conscious public policy have railroads aiming to increase their market share.To address the challenge of efficiently competing with trucking in offering customers timely,flexible,and "low"-cost transportation services,railroads propose new types of services and enhanced performances.From an Operations Research point of view,this requires that models be revisited and appropriate methods be devised.The paper discusses some of these issues and developments focusing on tactical planning issues and identifies challenging and promising research directions.Key words: Intermodal transportation, Freight rail carriers, Tactical planning, Full-asset-utilization policies, Intermodal shuttle networks, Design-balanced service net-work design1 IntroductionIntermodal transportation forms the backbone of the world trade and exhibits significant growth. The value of multimodal shipments in the U.S., include parcel, postal service, courier, truck-and-rail, truck-and-water, and rail-and-water, increased from about 662 billion US dollars to about 1.1 trillion in a period of nine years(1993 to 2003[31]). In the same period, the total annual world container traffic grew from some 113.2 millions of TEU(20 feet equivalent container units) to almost 255 millions, reaching an estimated 304 millions of TEUs by 2005.Intermodal transportation involves, sometimes integrates, at least two modesand services of transportation to improve the efficiency of the door-to-door distribution process. The growth in intermodal traffic thus resulted in significant modification to the structure of maritime and land-based transportation systems as well as in major increase of the volumes and value of intermodal traffic moved by each individual mode. Thus,for example, in 2003, for the first time ever, intermodal freight surpassed coal as a source of revenue for major, Class I,U.S. railroads, representing 23% of the carriers' gross revenue [31]. The growth of intermodal rail traffic in the U.S., which reached 11 million trailers (26% of total) and containers (76%) in 2004,is the direct result of the rapid growth in the use of containers for international trade,imports accounting for the majority of the intermodal activity [31].Governmental policy may also contribute to re-structuring intermodal transportation and shifting parts of the land part of the journey from trucking toward rail and water (interior and coastal navigation). This is, for example, the main focus of the European Union as stated in its 2001 White Paper on transportation [20]. The reason for this is to reduce road congestion and promote environmentally friendlier modes of transportation. The instruments favored to implement such policies vary from road taxes to penalize truk-based transportation to the support of new rail services for intermodal traffic.The performance of intermodal transportation depends directly on the performance of the key individual elements of the chain, navigation companies, railroads, motor carriers, ports, etc., as well as on the quality of their interactions regarding operations, information, and decisions. The Intelligent Transportation Systems and Internet-fueled electronic business technologies provide the framework to address the latter challenges. Regarding the former, carriers and terminals, on their own or in collaboration, strive to continuously improve their performance. Railroads are no exception. Indeed, for intermodal as for general traffic, railroads face significant challenges to efficiently compete with trucking in offering customers timely, flexible, and "low"-cost, long-haul transportation services.Railroads are rising to the challenge by proposing new types of services and enhanced performances. Thus, North-American railroads have created intermodal subdivisions that operate so-called "land-bridges" providing efficient container transportation by long, double-stack train between the East and the West coasts and between these ports and the industrial core of the continent (so-called "mini" land bridges). Most North-American railroads are now enforcing some form of scheduledservice. In Europe, where congestion has long forced the scheduling of trains, the separation of the infrastructure ownership from service providing increases the competition and favors the emergence of new carriers and services. Moreover, the expansion of the Community to the east provides the opportunity to introduce new services that avoid the over-congested parts of the European network. New container and trailer-dedicated shuttle-train networks are thus being created within the European Community.The planning and management processes of these new railroad-based intermodal systems and operations are generally no different from those of "traditional" systems in terms of issues and goals, profitability, efficiency, and customer satisfaction. The "new" operating policies introduce, however, elements and requirements into the planning processes which, from an Operations Research point of view, require that models be revisited and appropriate methods be devised.This paper aims to discuss some of these issues and developments. It focuses on the tactical planning of rail intermodal services in North America and Europe and is based on a number of observations and on-going projects. Its goal is to be informative, point to challenges, and identify opportunities for research aimed at both methodological developments and actual applications.2 Intermodal and Rail-Based TransportationMany transportation systems are multimodal, their infrastructure supporting various transportation modes, such as truck, rail, air, and ocean/river navigation, carriers operating and offering transportation services on these modes. Then, broadly defined, intermodal transportation refers to the transportation of people or freight from their origin to their destination by a sequence of at least two transportation modes. Transfers from one mode to the other are performed at intermodal terminals, which may be a sea port or an in-land terminal, e.g., rail yards, river ports, airports, etc. Although both people and freight can be transported using an intermodal chain, in this paper, we focus on the latter.The fundamental idea of intermodal transportation is to consolidate loads for efficient long-haul transportation performed by large ocean vessels and, on land, mostly by rail and truck. Local pick-up and delivery is usually performed by truck. Mostly of the freight intermodal transportation is performed by using containers. Intermodal transportation is not restricted, however, to containers and intercontinental exchanges. For instance, the transportation of express and regularmail is intermodal, involving air and land long-haul transportation by rail or truck, as well as local pick up and delivery operations by truck [16]. Moving trailers on rail is also identified as intermodal. In this paper, we focus on container and trailer-based transportation by railroads.Intermodal transportation systems and railroads may be described as being based on consolidation. A consolidation transportation system is structured as a hub-and-spoke network, where shipments for a number of origin-destination point may be transferred via intermediate consolidation facilities, or hubs, such as airports, seaport container terminals, rail yards, truck break-bulk terminals, and intermodal platforms. An example of such a network with three hubs and seven regional are first moved from their origins to a hub where traffic is sorted (classified) and grouped(consolidated). The aggregated traffic is then moved in between hubs by efficient, "high" frequency and capacity, services. Loads are then transferred to their destination points from the hubs by lower frequency high, direct services may be run between a hub and a regional terminal.译文铁路多式联运的服务设计模型资料来源：蒙特利尔魁北克大学作者：特奥多尔维奥加布里埃尔综述：多式联运造就了世界贸易的主干网，加上贸易的显著增长，造成了以海上和陆上运输系统结构的改变，就如个人模式导致了联运的数量和价值的改变。
铁路相关词汇英语翻译
铁路相关词汇英语翻译elevated railway, overhead railway, aerial railway 高架铁路mine railway 矿区铁路funicular (railway) 缆索铁路, 登山铁路light railway line 轻便铁道urban railway 市区铁路railway network 铁路网railway transport 铁路运输trial run 试车open to traffic 通车porter 搬运工人ticket inspector 查票员ticket 车票single ticket, oneway ticket 单程票return ticket, roundtrip ticket 来回票platform ticket 站台票railway station 车站station hall 车站大厅information desk 服务台waiting room 候车室passenger station 客车站time-table 时刻表arrival time-table 到站时刻表departure time-table 发车时刻表ticket-collector, gateman 收票员ticket office, booking office 售票处junction 枢纽站rail and water terminal 水陆联运站platform bridge 天桥luggage barrow 推行李车enquiry office, information desk 问讯处way station 小站label 行李标签luggage office 行李房left-luggage office 行李暂存处platform-ticket 验票口barrier 栅栏门platform 站台(electric) platform truck 站台车platform tunnel 站台地道platform roofing 站台顶棚station-master 站长terminal; terminus 终点站escalator 自动扶梯the train leaves the station at..., the train is due out at... 火车在（某时）离站to have one's ticket punched （给检票员）检票10 minutes behind schedule 晚点十分钟to change trains at ... 在（某地）换车the train is due at ... 在（某时）到达to break the journey 中途下车dining car, restaurant car, diner 餐车pantry 餐车食品室open wagon, (railway) wagon, (railway) truck 敞车carriage, coach, car 车厢roof 车顶concertina walls (车厢通道两侧的）伸缩篷step; foot board (车厢门口的）踏板gangway (车厢的）通道lidded ashtray 带盖烟灰盒tank wagon 罐车mixed train 混合列车freight train, goods train 货物列车engine, locomotive 机车window seat 靠窗座位coach, passenger train 客车express train, express 快车refrigerator wagon 冷藏车car attendant; train attendant 列车员guard, conductor 列车长slow train, way train 慢车covered wagon van, box car 棚车ordinary train 普通列车sleeping carriage with cushioned berths 软卧客车up train 上行车livestock wagon 牲畜车sleeping car, sleeper 卧车down train 下行车luggage van, baggage car 行李车rack, baggage rack 行李架sleeping carriage with semicushioned berths 硬卧客车ordinary seat 硬席carriage with semicushioned seats 硬座车mail car 邮政车mail and luggage van 邮政行李车through train 直达车special train 专车pointsman, switchman 道岔工人signal for blocking the track, block signal 闭塞信号semaphore signal, home signal 臂板信号warehouse 仓库siding, sidetrack 侧线, 旁轨turnout 岔道weighing machine 秤重机derailing （火车）出轨single line (track) rail 单线points, switches 道岔switch lock, point lock 道岔锁wait sign, wait signal 等候标志（信号）marshalling yard, shunting yard 调车场dispatching 调度dispatcher 调度员crossover 渡线, 转线轨道rail 钢轨track 轨道sleeper, railroad tie 轨枕rail chair 轨座buffer stop, bumping post 缓冲桩goods shed, freight depot 货棚goods station 货运站, 货站container 集装箱locomotive (engine) shed 机车库station warning sign 进站预告标clearance 净空(signal) gantry ?(铁路上支持信号装置的）跨线桥barrier （道口）拦路木section 路段reduce speed sign(al) 慢行标志（信号）bell and whistle sign, whistle sign 鸣笛预告标platform car, flat car 平车, grade crossing, level crossing, （道路与铁路的）平面交叉track-laying machine, tracklayer 铺轨机double line (track) rail 双线volume of railway freight 铁路货运量railway connections 铁路交叉点, 铁路联络线railway warning sign 铁路警告标志railway clearance 铁路净空railroad bed 铁路路基railway curve 铁路曲线（弯道）railway tunnel 铁路隧道railway line, railroad line 铁路线stop sign(al) 停车标志（信号）danger sign(al) 危险标志（信号）unprotected crossing 无防护设备的道口signal light (lamp) 信号灯signal box, signalman's cabin 信号房signalman 信号员wing rail (of frog) 翼轨distant signal, disk signal, target 圆盘信号机back-turning section 折返段frog 辙叉, 岔心turn-table 转车台, 旋车盘point (box), switch (box) 转辙器switch signal, point indicator 转辙信号。
南宁铁路枢纽客运站布局优化研究
万人/年
2.4.2 备选车站规模 各备选站由于设备不同，办理作业主要有两
类：客运机车牵引的旅客列车和动车组列车，备选 站的办理规模如表 2 所示。
表 1 备选站主要工程投资表
亿元
备选站方案
投资金额
表 4 出行小区到备选站出行费用表
元
小区 1 小区 2 小区 3 小区 4 小区 5 小区 6
备选站 1 15 10 15 30 15 5
备选站 2 30 20 5 10 10 25
备选站 3 25 20 15 20 5 5
备选站 1 备选站 2 备选站 3
南宁铁路枢纽客运站布局优化研究 王顺利 等
铁道运输与经济
站场枢纽
J
min
f
=
X
+
Y
+(
∑
j=1
Zj
)
/T
(6)
式中：f —分散式客运站布局工程及运营等总费
用；Zj — j 站建设的工程投资费用；T —客运站平 均投资回收期，模型资金采用静态计算，铁路大型
项目投资回收期一般取10年。
2 南宁铁路枢纽客运站布局优化研究
南宁—凭祥直通越南增建二线，设计速度 200 km /h，规划从江西村方向引入南宁枢纽。 2.2 南宁铁路枢纽客运站布局模式确定
根据我国《铁路“十一五”规划》，我国将建 设南宁、兰州等 10 个区域性铁路客运中心，形成 区域性的机客车检修整备基地。
根据规划，2010年、2020年南宁市区人口将 分别达到690万人、780万人；中心城区人口2010 年控制在210万人，2020年控制在290万人。铁路 枢纽既有布局呈环状式，既有客运站 (南宁站) 由 于受到地形、地物及拆迁工作的限制，已经无 法进行大规模改扩建，客运作业集中在一个客运 站，将对城市交通产生巨大压力，因此南宁铁路 枢纽客运站布局应为多中心分散模式。
铁路枢纽内客运站布局优化分析
整个运输系统的效率具有重要影响， 因而 ， 铁路枢纽 内客运 站 的布局优化是 铁路发展 的关 键 。
１ 客运 站布 局研 究概述
客运 站布 局 主要 涉 及 到 以下 几 个 方 面 的 内容 ： 客运 量 预测 和 客 流 分 析 、 站 的分 布 、 运 站 的设 车 客 计 和引人 枢纽 客 运站 的布 局 。 目前 ， 运 站 布 局研 客 究 主要是 从 基 于 运 输 组 织 角 度 、 于枢 纽 角 度 、 基 基
铁路客运站 作 为最基 层 的旅 客运 输 的生产 组 织 基地 和运 输网络 中 客源集 散 、 运 的节 点 ， 转 具有 运 输 组织与管理 、 中转换乘 、 辅助服 务等 功能 ， 布局位 置 其 及方式不 仅影响着旅客 的 出行 ， 还对铁 路 的运营 以及
度 的设 计 和 配 比 以及 列 车发 车 间 隔 时 间 的 确 定 等
摘
要： 铁路枢 纽内容运站布局 的优化 ， 对铁路 的运营发展 以及整个运输 系统效率 的发 挥具有 重要 意义 。在 总结 有
关研 究的基础 上 ， 通过对客运站布局影响 因素 的分析和优 化 问题 的相 关描 述 ， 将整 个 网络 系统 简化 ， 略去从 一个客 运站到另外一个客运站的运输过程 ， 仅考虑 向客 流消失地疏散或从 产生地集 中到 客运站 的旅客 出行过程 ， 建立铁路 枢纽 内客 运站布局优化模型 ， 并设计相应的算 法。 关键词 ： 铁路枢 纽； 客运站 ； 车站布局 中图分类号 ： ９ Ｕ４ ２ 文献标 志码 ： Ａ 文章编号 ：０ ８５ ９ （０ １ ０— １７０ １０ —６ ６ ２ １ ）６０ １—３
ｏ ｍｅ ｔａ ｄ ｔ ｅｅｆｃｅ ｃ ｆｅ ｔｒ ｒ ｎ ｐ ｒ ｙ ｔ ｍ．Ｂａ ｅ ｎ ｓ ｍ ｍａ ｉｉｇ ｏ ｈ ｅａ ｅ ｅ ｅ ｒ ｈ，ａ ａｙ ｐ ｎ ｎ ｈ ｆｉｉｎ ｙｏ ｎ ｉｅｔａ ｓ ｏ ｔｓ ｓｅ ｓ ｄｏ ｕ ｒｚｎ ｆｔ ｅｒ ｌｔｄ ｒｓ ａ ｃ ｎ ｌ— ｓｓｏ ｈ ｆｅｔｎ ａ ｔ ｒ ｎ ｅ ｃｉｔｏ ｆｔ ｅ ｏ ｔ ｉａ ｉｎ ｐ ｏ ｌｍ ｓ ｔ ｅ ａ ｔ ｏ ｍｉ ｔ ｅ ｔａ ｓ ｏ ｔ ｉ ｆ ｔ ｅ ａｆ ｃｉ ｇ ｆ ｃｏ ｓ ａ ｄ ｄ ｓ ｒｐ ｉｎ ｏ ｈ ｐ ｉ ｚ ｔ ｒ ｂ ｅ ， ｈ ｕ ｈ ｒ ｏ ｔ ｈ ｒ ｎ ｐ ｒ ｍ ｏ
物流资源分配的多目标优化模型英文原文及翻译
MULTI-TARGET OPTIMIZATION MODEL OF LOGISTICSRESOURCESALLOCATIONZI-KUI LIN 1，LEI CHEN2Department of logistics management, Beijing Jiao tong University, Beijing 100044,ChinaE-MAIL: zklin@，chenlei8522@Abstract:Considering the balance between the cost of enterpriselogistics resource and service levels, and took into account theinternal and external enterprise resources, establishing amulti-objective model with the decision about resourceoutsourcing. Solving the model with restriction method, thepossible solution is acquired and evaluated. Displaying thebest outsourcing decision in different objectives ofcircumstances the same is the optimal allocation of resourcesprogrammer. Finally, the example shows the application of themodel in decision programming.Key words:Logistics resources; Resource Allocation; Optimization;Multi-target programming1. IntroductionWith the intense competition in the global economy,enterprises pursue more effective development to ensuretheir status in the market. Logistics is also getting more andmore attention from enterprises. Both logistics enterprisesand internal logistics of enterprises have played importantroles in the business development strategy. It has become amatter which need careful consideration that how toallocate the logistics resources rationally to ensure theirown cost savings as well as customers’ satisfaction to thelogistics services. This paper would establish a Multi-targetprogramming model to study how to allocate the logisticsresources rationally with two target s: logistics costs andcustomers’ satisfaction to logistics services [1].Enterprise resources in the form of material can bedivided into tangible and intangible knowledge resources.Material resources include physical resources, humanresources and financial resources. The logistics of resourceallocation will be studied from the perspective of materialresources in this article [2].The allocation of resources refers to allocatingresources among different uses. Selection of resources forfuture use determines the composition of social products.The fact that allocation of resources has become a problemis due to two reasons. First, the supply of social resources islimited (namely the scarcity of resources), while the desireof human demands is unlimited; Secondly, certainresources often have many different options for use. Theinternal logistics of enterprises face such a problem:logistics resources of enterprises are limited, but whenfaced with the case that different projects need logisticsservices, how to allocate the resources? Similarly, thelogistics enterprises often have such a problem as well:when facing different customers, how to arrange thelogistics resources to meet the customers’ needs andachieve maximum gains at the same time?In the field of logistics there are many examples whichcan be generally called "anti-back" phenomena. As a sort ofservice, logistics itself needs to consume resources,resulting in business costs. Its cost is inevitable, butcan bereduced and controlled through reasonable plans. We havefound that the phenomenon of Antinomy exist betweenlogistics servi ce and logistics cost. Customers’ satisfactionwith the achievement of logistics services would inevitablyresult in an increase in logistics cost. On the other hand, theincreased logistics cost, which means sufficient logisticsresources will make customers be satisfied with logisticsservices. Therefore, considering the logistics costs and thetargets of logistics services, it is meaningful to study tostudy logistics distribution of resources and to achieve thebalance of the two targets.2. Multi-target Optimization Model of LogisticsResources Allocation2.1. Model DescriptionThe model pursues these two goals: the lowest totalcosts of enterprises and the highest level of service.Resources of Logistics enterprises mainly includeequipment, facilities and staff; logistics enterprises dealwith not a single item, but several projects with differentdemands so as to reach the two contradictory goalssimultaneously with limited resources [3]. Model structureas shown in Figure 1:In addition to the basic structure in Figure 1, logisticsresources of enterprises are divided into internal resourcesand external resources, which take into account ofoutsourcing decision-making of enterprises and decidewhether to use external resources in certain projects byweighing these two targets in the decision making process.Improvement of the model shown in Figure 2:2.2. Assumptions1) Resources in logistics enterprises are limited, andare divided into internal resources and external resources.The main resources in this model are: equipment, facilities and staff.2) The faced projects can be counted from 1 to n.Their demands for all types of resources vary from theupper limit to the lower limit. Each project has to becompleted before the deadline. The model assumes that thelower time limit for projects to have access to resources canbe completed by the deadline; and the upper limit, withinthe shortest possible time; the project demands forresources have saturation, reaching the upper limit meansthat the demands have been fully satisfied, and access tomore resources makes no sense.3) The resource allocation of logistics has the twotargets: cost and service level. The phenomenon named"anti-back" exists among the benefits. Total costs consist ofvarious costs caused by using resources for all projects.This model weighs the level of service by means ofmeasuring the time to complete the project. It is assumedthat the more were there resources, the faster could wecomplete projects. Consequently, the service level could beweighed according to the degree of saturation.4) Also this model considers whether adopt theoutsourcing. For each project, outsourcing means thatresources of the entire projects should all be attained byoutsource, but not that part of resources are provided withinenterprises while others leased through outsource.5) Supposing various resources are independent toeach other, their impacts on the target were not relevant.2.3. Model EstablishmentThe mathematical model of multi-target programmingcan be established as[4,5,6]:min ()Z x , max ()R x{:,()0,()0,0,,}n i i j X x x R g x h x x i j =∈≤=≥∀x is an N-dimensional vector variable. ()Z x isobjective function in logistics system. ()R x is objectivefunction of customer satisfaction. The constraint inequalityis 1()0,1,2,;i g x i m ≤=⋅⋅⋅.The constraintequationis 2()0,1,2,,;i h x i m ==⋅⋅⋅In the N-dimensional space,the viable solution for the domain is X , which has1 212m m +-restrictive conditions and non-binding negative.Two-objective functions of logistics optimize theallocation resources can be expressed asmin ()Z x = [(1)(1)]pq ipqi pq ipq i i i p q p q c xc x F δδδ+-+-∑∑∑∑∑ (1) max ()R x = [(1)]ipq ipq i iipq i ipq i p q m nipq ipq x x b b ωδωδω+-∑∑∑∑∑ (2) ipq x , expressed as the quantity whose number is q in own logistics resources whose quantity is p .Thoseresources are obtained by the project i . pq c ,expressed as the costs whose number is q inthe sort ofresources whose number is p ., expressed as the quantity whose number is q in outsourcing logistics resources whose quantityis p .Those resources are obtained by the project i .pq c , expressed as the costs whose number is q inthe sort of outsourcing resources whose number is p . i F , expressed as fixed costs in outsourcing by theProject i (such as the costs of negotiation).i δ, expressed as the variable between 1 and 0 whichmeans whether adopt outsourcing.i ω, expressed as the weight of service level of project i in all L.O.S evaluations.ipq ω, expressed as the weight of the No.q kind ofresources whose sort is p of project i in all L.O.Sevaluations.pq S , expressed as the total quantity of the No. q kindof own resources whose sort is p . The outsourcingresources are enough.ipq a , expressed as the minimum limit of the No.q kind of resources whose sort is p demanded by projecti .ipq b , expressed as the maximum limit of the No.q kind of resources whose sort is p demanded by project i .So there are constraints as follow:;ipq pq i p xS ≤∑∑(3);ipq ipq ipq a x b ≤≤(4) ;ipq ipqipq a x b ≤≤(5)1;i iω=∑(6) 1;ipq p q ω=∑∑(7)0,0;ipq ipq x x ≥≥(8){0,1}.i δ∈(9) Formula (1) is expressed as a function that minimizesthe total costs. Total costs constitute of various kinds ofcosts prepared for all projects. Project-outsourcing is liableto occur and it will take some fixed costs such as costs usedfor negotiation. Formula (2) is with the purpose tomaximize customer satisfaction and with the quantifiedlevel of customer service instead of customer satisfaction.The model is mainly measured by the access to theresources of projects .This model figures out that the moreresources obtained the faster efficiency of the sum ofcompletion projects, so the access to resources saturationcan be used to measure the level of customer satisfaction.Formula (3) is expressed as quantitative restriction ofvarious own resources. It also considers that limitation ofresources doesn’t exist when we adopt outsourcing.Formula (4) and formula (5) are expressed asminimumrequirements of the demands made by various resourcesand the quantity that has reached the degree of saturation.Formula (6) and formula (7) can be expressed as weight.Formula (8) can be expressed as nonnegative restriction.Formula (9) is used to decide whether we adopt outsourcing.When we set the value as 0, it means that the project isoutsourcing.2.4. Model SettlementI Analysis for SolutionIn view of the choices of outsourcing, this model canserve as a basis which could conclude whether there isenough own resources of enterprises. The three possiblesolutions of the model are as follows:1. All projects all use their own resources and have a higherlevel of service. This result shows that enterprises own sufficientresources, but we think, from the management perspective,enterprises’ resources h ave not been fully utilized, and enterprisesdon’t make full use external resources.2. Most of the projects use their own resources,meanwhile a few projects use outsourcing resources. Thisresult shows that the enterprise’ resources owned are moreadequate, and also make full use of the external resources.At this point, we need to assess which items should useowned resources, and which ones use the outsourcingresources to achieve the level of service required and alsothe most reasonable cost.3. A small part of projects use their own resources,meanwhile the most use outsourcing resources. This showsthat enterprises are short of owned resources, can not copewith too many projects, and need to expand the size of theirown resources or change their corporate strategy not to beblind to undertake projects. This model mainly investigatesin the second case to look for a reasonable balance betweenthe two targets that conflict each other.II Methods for solutionMulti-target programming can deal with two or moreconflicted goals at the same time, so the solution of theMulti-target programming is the Pareto optimal vector. Themulti-target programming solution denotes that a set ofquantized targets study out several sets of no-inferiorsolutions by means of mathematical programming in arestrict condition [7]. This model will generate a set ofno-inferior solutions by means of ε Constraint Method[8].We usually hunt out for a set of no-inferior solutionsin solving process to solve problems by means oftranslating Multi-target optimization into Single-objectiveoptimization. In case of function space that be made up of ()Z x and ()R x , if we add constraint condition to one ofobject functions （()Z x ε≤，εis set as an initializationof ()Z x , for example.Then, Multi-target optimizationcan be translated into Single-objective optimization thataims at ()R x . We could use Linear Programming Theorywhich could get a maximum or minimum value. If wechange the value of ε within the limits of maximum orminimum values, we’ll get the entire confines ofestablished space. And for the same reason, we’ll get theconfines of space ()Z x by means of holding infunction ()R x . No-inferior solutions always fluctuateamong a segment of confines. We could get optimumsolution within the set of no-inferior solutions to satisfy thedecision maker.There are two targets conflicting with each other, sowe can’t entirely get a optimum solution by using quantizedmodel. If we use εConstraint Method to solve the model,we could figure out the scope of targets in consecutivemode to offer decision makers a much more reasonableblue-print.This paper uses the lingo software [9] to find outvarious programs for the model.3. Example3.1. DescriptionEnterprises have their own logistics resources, andenterprises can also choose to outsource to third parties andmake use of external resources. Of course, the cost ofoutsourcing resources is inevitable higher than that of usingits own resources. But under the condition of the lack oftheir owned resources, in order to reach a certain level ofcustomer satisfaction, outsourcing will have to be chose.Then we will give an example to verify the practicality ofthe model.In this example, the enterprise has three projects.Three types of logistics resources (forklift, staff, andstoreroom) are needed to complete the project. Parametersfor the example are shown in the tablebelow.The maximum and minimum limit of demandsprepared for all projects could be obtained by analyzingvarious ingredients according to physical truth in Table 1.The data in Table 2 could be figured out according tohistorical data. The data in Table 3 could be figured out byinvestigation. The weighing data in Table 4 and Table 5could be figured out according to quantitative analysis andqualitative analysis. This case aims at proving thepracticability of this model, of which data are thesimulation data.3.2. To solve the case byεConstraint MethodLogistics enterprises usually carry on projectsdepending on their consistent service level. They’ll offerdifferent service according to different projects. Now, let’ssolve the case by ε Constraint Method: in the∈), we’ll figure out the optimum solution to get thefinal chart of solution of two-targets condition(x XZ x reaches the minim um,accordingly, we’ll get the value of optimization shown inTable 7.When the value of()R x reaches the maximum, R x which isexpressed as the degree of customer satisfaction. When thevalue of()()Z x which is expressed as the totalcosts.accordingly, we’llget the value of()Enterprises will offer different service according todifferent projects. We translate Multi-target optimizationinto Single-objective optimization by means of regardingcost function ()Z x as objective function in the restrictcondition of ()R x ε≥and the range （65.8%-100%）of ε . Then we set r a proper value to make sure how manyno-inferior solutions the system generates. When weset r = 4, there’ll be 4 sets of no -inferior solutions.With the value of ε increased, we set step width as10%. This model will figure out the optimum solution ofsingle-target function in cases of the same value of ε. Theresult is shown in Table 8:The result indicates that the enterprise has to adoptoutsourcing to increase its service level because of lack ofresources. It also displays the “anti -back” of total costs andservice level at the same time. Decision -makers shoulddecide the proper scheme to make full use of internal andexternal resources according to the fixed targets, differentservice level and different costs.4. ConclusionThis paper considers two conflicting objectives thecost and service level, we can get how to achieve theoptimal allocation of resources in the conflicting objectivesthrough the establishment of multi-targetprogrammingmodel. In the model, we take into account the enterprise'sowned resources and external resources at the same time,and resolve the problem whether the project is outsourcedor not under different circumstances. This model can beconsidered as a qualitative factor when the project isoutsourced. Combining with various qualitative factors，eventually we can obtain a reasonable outsourcingdecision-making.Results can be educed from the model can be drawn:one, in different service levels, the best outsourcing, whichare as follows. First, in the different levels of services, theoptimal decision-making and allocation of resources resultin the optimal cost. Second, under the requirement ofdifferent cost, the best outsourcing decision-making and theoptimal allocation of resources result in the highest level ofservice. The enterprise’s management strategies shouldhave a focus between the costs and service level.Decision-making can be based on business strategy, and usethis model to find out the optimal solution. The model canbe further refined in this article, and the deep researches canbe made from several aspects, such as the outsourcingdecision-making, logistics resource pricing, the weight ofthe project resources and so on. These aspects all can beimproved and researched on the basis of this model.References[1]ZhitaiWang，The New Modern Logistics [M], TheCapital University of Economics and BusinessPress ,Beijing, 2005.[2]Ning Chen and Xueyan Zhang, “Model of ResourceAllocation Efficiency in EnterpriseMulti-project Management” [J]. Industrial Engineering，V ol 9，No.5,pp.92-96, Sep.2006.[3]VaidyanathanJayaraman, “A Multi-objectiveLogistics Model for a Capacitated Ser vice FacilityProblem” [J],Int J of Physical Distribution andLogistics Management，V ol 29, No.1, pp.65-81．1999[4]Qinglan Han, “Multi-target Optimization Model ofLogistics Establishment Programming” [J].ControlandDecision, V ol.21, No.8, pp.957-960, 2006.[5]Chaoyuan Sun and Bin Shuai, “Optimized LogisticsCost Decisions under the Conditions ofEnterprise'sLogistics Service”[J], Journal of Electronic Scienceand Technology of China, V ol.36, No.2, 2007.[6] Yunquan Hu, Operation Research [M]. TsinghuaUniversity Press, Beijing, 2000.[7] Nozick. L. K and Turnquist M A, “Inventory,Transportation, Service Quality and the LocationofDistribution Centers”[J], European J of OperationalResearch, V ol.129, No.2, pp.362-371, 2001.[8] Joy Kochi A, HansenD R and Dukstin L, Analysis andAppliance of Muti-target Desion in EngineeringandEconomic [M], translated by Yanchu Wang,Aviation Industry Press, 1987.[9] JinxingXie and Xue Yi, Optimal Modeling andLINDO/LINGO Software [M]. Tsinghua UniversityPress,Beijing, 2005.物流资源分配的多目标优化模型ZI-KUI LIN 1，LEI CHEN2中国北京交通大学物流管理系E-MAIL: zklin@，chenlei8522@[摘要]考虑到企业的物流资源和服务水平的成本之间的平衡，并考虑到内部和外部的企业资源，建立一个多目标模型的资源外包的决定。
铁道信号专业英语考试短语翻译
铁道信号专业英语考试短语翻译The total volume of goods货物总量the freight volume 货运总量Railway transport铁路运输transport economics 运输经济学Commercial transport商业运输public transport 公共交通Railway-network company 路网公司heavy-duty train 重载列车Transport sector 运输部门loading capacity 装载量Passenger transport 客运freight transport 货运Railway trade union 铁路公会high-speed rail 高速铁路Rolling stock车辆urban mass transport system城市轨道交通系统Security screen 安全网traffic congestion 交通拥挤Side effect 副作用tilting train 摆式列车Conventional wheeled train 传统的轮式车market segmentation 市场细分Peak travel times 旅游旺季intercity transport 城际交通Commuter communities通勤社区Monorail 单轨铁路straddle-beam monorail 跨坐式单轨铁路Suspended monorail 悬挂式单轨铁路rubber-tired carriage 轮胎式客车Turnouts 道岔rescue train 营救列车Fire engine 消防车light rail system 轻轨系统Heavy train 重载铁路rapid transit高速铁路交通Industrial rail 工业铁路people mover 行人运输系统Grade separation 立体交叉electrical power 电力Street intersections 街道交叉口frequent service 经常服务Wheeled mass transit system轮轨运输系统electromagnetic energy 电磁能Load-carrying ability 装载能力magnetic field 磁场Particle accelerator 粒子加速器grade separation 等级分离Mass transit公共交通the volume of passenger客流量Service frequency 频繁服务high-grade service优质服务Subgrade 路基trackbed 道床Ballast bed 有砟轨道monolithic track bed 整体道床Sleeper/tie/crosstie 轨枕wooder sleeper 木枕Concrete sleeper 混凝土枕anticreeper 防爬器Spike道钉lag screw方头螺钉subgrade shoulder 路肩Main line 主干线dedicate line 专用线Sidetrack 侧线speed-up turnout 提速道岔High-speed turnout 高速道岔simple turnout 单开道岔Bilateral turnout 对称道岔three-throw turnout 三开道岔Scissors crossover交叉渡线slip switch 交分道岔Stock rail 基本轨switch point 尖轨Lead curve 导曲线轨straight rail 直合拢轨Curred/diverging rail 弯合拢轨wing rail 翼轨Gap in the frog 有害区间solid manganese steel frog 高锰钢整铸辙岔Bolted rigid frog 钢轨组合辙岔morable-point frog 可动心轨辙岔Railway switch 铁路道岔the straight track 直轨the diverging track 弯轨switch rails or point blades 尖轨A facing-point movement 对向运行 a trailing-point movement 顺向运行Right-hand switch 右开道岔left-hand switch 左开道岔Guard rail (check rail)护轨frog(common crossing)辙岔Switch motor 转辙机feed end 送电端Receiving end 受电端single feeding end 一送多受A-c continuous track circuit 交流连续式25hz phase detecting track circuit相敏轨道电路Leakage current 泄露电流relay energized 继电器吸起Relay released 继电器释放all-relay interlocking 继电器电气集中联锁Computer-controlled interlocking 计算机联锁。
铁路运输中英文对照
铁路运输中英文对照铁路运输railway transportation；railway traffic铁路运输管理railway transport administration 铁路运营railway operation铁路运输组织railway traffic organization铁路运输质量管理quality control of railway transportation铁路旅客运输规程regulations for railway passenger traffic铁路货物运输规程regulations for railway freight traffic铁路重载运输railway heavy haul traffic铁路高速运输railway high speed traffic铁路保险运输insured rail traffic铁路保价运输value insured rail traffic铁路军事运输railway military service铁路旅客运输railway passenger traffic铁路客运组织railway passenger traffic organization行李luggage；baggage包裹parcel广厅public hall；concourse行李房luggage office；baggage office售票处booking office；ticket office候车室waiting room；waiting hall高架火车厅overhead waiting hall问讯处information office；inquiry office客流passenger flow直通客流through passenger flow管内客流local passenger flow市郊客流suburban passenger flow客流量passenger flow volume客流调查passenger flow investigation客流图passenger flow diagram旅客发送人数number of passenger despatched；number of passengers originated 旅客到达人数number of passengers arrived旅客运送人数number of passengers transported旅客最高聚集人数maximum number of passengers in peak hours车票ticket客票passenger ticket加快票fast extra ticket特快加快票express extra ticket卧铺票berth ticket站台票platform ticket减价票reduced-fare ticket学生票student ticket小孩票child ticket残废军人票disabled armyman ticket国际联运旅客车票passenger ticket for international through traffic册页客票；联票coupon ticket代用票substituting ticket定期票periodical ticlet公用乘车证service pass行李票luggage ticket；baggage ticket车票有效期ticket availability行李包裹托运consigning of luggages and parcels行李包裹承运acceptance of luggages and parcels行李包裹交付dilivery of luggages and parcels 旅客换乘passenger transference变更径路route diversion错乘takeng wrong train漏乘missing a train越站乘车overtaking the station旅客列车乘务组passenger train crew旅客列车乘务制度crew working system of passenger train旅客列车轮乘制crew poolng system of passenger train旅客列车包乘制assigning crew system of passsenger train旅客列车包车制responsibility crew system of passenger train列车员train attendant列车长train conductor乘警train police客运密度passenger traffic density旅客列车直达速度through speed of passenger train旅客列车车底周转时间turnround time of passenger train set列车车底需要数number of passenger train set required客车平均日车公里average car-kilometers per car-day列车平均载客人数average number of passengers carried per train列车客座利用率percentage of passenger seats utilization per train客车客座利用率percentage of passenger seats utilization per car铁路货物运输railway freight traffic铁路货运组织railway freight traffic organization综合性货运站general freight station；general goods station专业性货运站specialized freight station零担货物中转站less-than-carload freight transhipment station；part-load transhipmint station营业站operating station非营业站non-operating station货场freight yard；goods yard尽头式货场stub-end type freight yard通过式货场through-type freight yard混合式货场mixed-type freight yard装卸线loading and unloading track轨道衡线weight bridge track货区freight area；goods area场库storage yard and warehouse堆货场storage yard货物站台freight platform；goods platform 货棚freight shed；goods shed仓库warehouse货位freight section；goods section企业自备车private car月度货物运输计划monthly freight traffic plan 旬间装车计划ten day car loading plan要车计划表car planned requisition list日要车计划表daily car requisition plan货物品类goods category计划内运输planned freight traffic计划外运输out-of-plan freight traffic；unplanned freight traffic直达运输through traffic成组装车car loading by groups合理运输rational traffic对流运输cross-haul traffic过远运输excessively long-distance traffic重复运输repeated traffic迂回运输round about traffic；circuitous traffic无效运输ineffective traffic整车货物car load freight零担货物less-than-carload freight大宗货物mass freight散装货物bulk freight堆装货物stack-loading freight成件包装货物packed freight鲜活货物fresh and live freight罐装货物tank car freight易燃货物inflammable freight易冻货物freezable freight轻浮货物light and bulk freight重质货物heavy freight整车分卸car load freight unloaded at two or more stations一批货物consignment货物运到期限freight transit period货物运单consignment note货票way bill；freight invoice货车装载清单car loading list货物托运consigning of freight货物承运acceptance of freight货物交付dilivery of freight货主owner of freight；consignor；consignee 货物发送作业freight operation at originated station货物到达作业freight operation at destination station货物途中作业freight operation en route货物标记freight label运输条件traffic condition运输限制traffic limitation；traffic restriction 货车施封car seal货物换装整理transhipment and rearrangement of goods货物运输变更traffic diversion货源freight traffic source货流freight flow货流量freight flow volume货流图freight flow diagram货物发送吨数tonnage of freight despatched货物到达吨数tonnage of freight arrived货物运送吨数tonnage of freight tranaported计费吨公里tonne-kilometers charged运营吨公里tonne-kilometers operated货运密度density of freight traffic货车标记载重量marked loading capacity of car货车静载重static load of car货车动载重dynamic load of car货车载重量利用率coefficient of utilization for car loading capacity货车日产量serviceable work-done per day超限货物out-of-gauge freight超限货物等级classification of out-of-gauge freight超限货物检查架examining rack for out-of-gauge freight阔大货物exceptional dimension freight超常货物exceptional length freight货物转向架freight turning rack货物转向架支距distance between centers of freight turning rack跨装straddle车钩缓冲停止器device for stopping buffer action游车idle car货物重心的横向位移lateral shift for center of gravity of goods货物重心的纵向位移longitudinal shift for center of gravity of goods集重货物concentrated weight goods重车重心center of gravity for car loaded重车重心高center height of gravity for car loaded危险货物dangerous freight；dangerous goods 易腐货物perishable freight冻结货物frozen freight冷却货物cooled freight加冰所re-icing point控温运输transport under controlled temperature保温运输insulated trainsport冷藏运输refrigerated transport加温运输heating transport通风运输ventilated transport容许运输期限permissive period of transport国际货物联运international through freight traffic铁路的连带责任joint responsibility of railway 发送路originating railway到达路destination railway过境路transit railway国际铁路协定agreeement of frontier railway国际铁路货物联运协定agreement of international railway throangh freight traffic国际联运货物票据international through freight shipping documents国际联运货物交接单acceptance and delivery list of freight for international through traffic国际联运车辆交接单acceptance and delivery list of car for international through traffic国际联运货物换装transhipment of international through goods国际联运车辆过轨transferring of car from onerailway to another for international through traffic货物交接所freight transfer point铁路行车组织organization of train operation 铁路行车组织规则rules for organization of train operation车站行车工作细则instructions for train operation at station列车train车列train set旅客列车编组passenger train formation旅客列车passenger train旅客快车fast passenger train旅客特别快车express train旅客直达特别快车through express train国际联运旅客特别快车interantional express train直通旅客列车through passenger train管内旅客列车local passenger train市郊旅客列车suburban passenger train混合列车mixed train旅游列车tourist train临时旅客列车extra passenger train；additional passenger train军用列车military train；troop train货物列车freight train；goods train始发直达列车through train originated from one loading point阶梯直达列车through train originated from several adjoining loading points空车直达列车through train with empty cars循环直达列车shuttled block train单元列车unit train组合列车combined train技术直达列车technical through train直通列车transit train区段列车district train摘挂列车pick-up and drop train区段小运转列车district transfer train枢纽小运转列车junction terminal transfer train路用列车railway service train列车重量标准railway train load norm车辆换算长度converted car length铁路站场与枢纽车站工作组织organization of station operation 站界station limit车站等级class of station无调中转车transit car without resorting有调中转车transit car with resorting本站作业车local car接发列车train reception and departure行车闭塞法train block system空间间隔法space-interval method时间间隔法time-interval method书面联络法written liaison method行车凭证running token办理闭塞blocking进路route准备进路preparation of the route列车进路train route调车进路shunting route通过进路through route接车进路receiving route发车进路departure route平行进路parallel route敌对进路conflicting route]开放信号clearing signal关闭信号closing signal调车进路shunting；resorting；car classification解体调车break-up of trains编组调车make-up of trains摘挂调车detaching and attaching of cars取送调车taking-out and placing-in of cars推送调车push-pull shunting溜放调车fly-shunting；coasting；jerking驼峰调车humping有调中转车停留时间detention time of car in transit with resorting集结时间car detention time under accumulation无调中转车停留时间detention time of car in transit without resorting中转车平均停留时间average detention time of car in transit双重作业double freight operations一次货物作业平均停留时间average detentiontime of local car for loading or unloading车站办理车数number of inbound and outbound car handled at station车站技术作业表station technical working diagram现在车cars on hand运用车serviceable car；car for traffic use；cars open to traffic非运用车non-serviceable car；car not for traffic use列车编组顺序表train consist list；train list列车预报train list information in advance列车确报train list information after depature 车流car flow车流组织organization of car flow货物列车编组计划freight train formation plan 车流径路car flow routing列车去向train destination列车编成辆数number of cars in a train列车运行时刻表timetable列车运行线train path上行方向up direction下行方向down direction列车车次train number核心车次scheduled train number机车周转图locomotive working diagram平行运行图parallel train diagram非平行运行图non-parallel train diagram单线运行图train diagram for singletrack双线运行图train diagram for doubletrack成对运行图train diagram in pairs不成对运行图train diagram not in pairs追踪运行图train diagram for automatic block signals基本运行图primary train diagram分号运行图variant train diagram车站间隔时间time interval between two adjacent train at station不同时到达间隔时间time interval between two opposing trains arriving at station not at the same time会车间隔时间time interval for two meeting train at station同方向列车连发间隔时间time interval for twotrains despatching in succession in the same direction追踪列车间隔时间time interval between trains spaced by automatic block signals运输能力transport capacity通过能力carrying capacity输送能力traffic capacity货运波动系数fluctuating coefficient of freight traffic能力储备系数coefficient of reserved capacity 区间通过能力carrying capacity of the block section运行图周期period in the train diagram通过能力限制区间restriction section of carrying capacity列车扣除系数coefficient of train removal运输工作技术计划plan of technical indices for freight traffic装车数number of car loadings卸车数number of car unloadings接运重车数number of loaded cars received交出重车数number of loaded cars delivered接入空车数number of empty cars received交出空车数number of empty cars delivered运用车工作量number of serviceable cars turnround管内工作车local cars to be unloaded移交车loaded cars to be delivered at junction stations空车走行率percentage of empty to loaded car kilometers货车周转距离average car-kilometers in one turnround货车中转距离average car-kilometers per transit operation管内装卸率local loading and unloading rate货车周转时间car turnround time运用车保有量number of serviceable cars held kept货车日车公里car kilometers per car per day列车密度train density技术速度technical speed旅行速度travelling speed；commerial speed 列车出发正点率percentage of punctuality oftrains despatched to total trains列车运行正点率percentage of punctuality of trains running to total trains铁路运输调度railway train control；railway traffic dispatching调度所traffic controller’s office ；dispatcher’s office调度区段train dispatching section；train control section调度命令traffic [dispatching] order；train [dispatching] order车流调整adjustment of car flow装车调整adjustment of car loading空车调整adjustment of empty cars备用货车reserved cars运输工作日常计划day-to-day traffic working plan调度日班计划daily and shift traffic plans运行图天窗‘sky-light’ in the train diagram；‘gap’ in the train diagram车站作业计划station operating plan车站班计划station shift operating plan车站阶段计划station stage operating plan调车作业计划shunting operation plan列车运行调整train operation adjustment运转车长train guard列车等级train class反向行车train running in reverse direction列车运缓train running delay列车等线train waiting for a receiving track列车保留train stock reserved列车停运withdrawal of train列车加开running of extra train运输方案traffic program分界点train spacing point线路所block post辅助所auxiliary block post车站station会让站passing station越行站overtaking station中间站intermediate station区段站district station横列式区段站transversal type district station 纵列式区段站longitudinal type district station编组站marshalling station；marshalling yard 路网性编组站network marshalling station区域性编组站regional marshalling station地方性编组站local marshalling station单向横列式编组站unidirectional transversal type marshalling station单向纵列式编组站unidirectional longitudinal type marshalling station单向混合式编组站unidirectional combined type marshalling station双向横列式编组站bidirectional tranxversal type marshalling station双向纵列式编组站bidirectional longitudinal type marshalling station双向混合式编组站bidirectional combined type marshalling station主要编组站main marshalling station辅助编组站auxiliary marshalling station自动化编组站automatic marshalling station客运站passenger station通过式客运站through-type passenger station 尽头式客运站stub-end passenger station客货运站mixed passenger and freight station 货运站freight station尽头式货运站stub-end freight station直通式货运站through-type freight station换装站transhipment station工业站industrial station港湾站harbour station国境站frontier station国际联运站international through traffic station联轨站junction station技术站technical station铁路枢纽railway junction terminal三角形枢纽triangle-type junction terminal十字形枢纽cross-type junction terminal顺列式枢纽longitudinal arrangement type junction terminal并列式枢纽parallel arrangement type junction terminal环形枢纽loop-type junction terminal混合形枢纽combined type junction terminal尽端式枢纽stub-end type junction terminal站线siding；station track；yard track到发线arrival and departure track到达线receiving track；arriving track出发线departure track编发线marshalling-departure track调车线shunting track；classification track牵出线switching lead；shunting neck；lead track存车线storage siding机车走行线locomotive running track机待线locomotive waiting track安全线catch siding避难线refuge siding尽头线stub-end siding专用线private siding客车洗车线washing siding for passenger vehicle联络线connecting line迂回线round about line环线loop枢纽直径线diametrical line of junction terminal段管线depot siding整备线servicing siding线路中心线central lines of track驼峰推送线pushing track of hump驼峰溜放线hump lead；rolling track of hump 驼峰迂回线uound about line of hump难行线hard running track易行线easy running track线束track group线路全长total track length线路有效长effective track length坡度牵出线draw-out track at grade道岔绝缘段insulated switch section道岔配列switch layout禁溜车停留线no-humping car storage车场yard到达场receiving yard；arriving yard出发场departure yard到发场receiving-departure yard直通场through yard调车场marshalling yard；shunting yard；classification yard辅助车场auxiliary yard箭翎线herringbone track调车设备marshalling facilities；classification facilities。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Study on Layout Optimization of Passenger Stationbased on Multi-objective PlanningAbstract—This paper study on the optimal layout of passenger station and the basic principle of selection location. There are both quantitative index and qualitative index existing in the evaluation indexes of the layout of passenger station. To unify the evaluation indexes, this paper establishes a multi-objective planning optimization model of the layout of passenger station, by using the basic idea of multi-objective planning and introducing the effect of targets of the evaluation indexes. In Nanning railway terminal for example, four evaluation indexes: construction investment、operation cost in railway terminal、cost of passenger trip and the other social benefits are determined. Calculate respectively all effect of targets of the evaluation indexes and then determine the optimal scheme of the layout of passenger station in Nanning railway hub by the total effect of targets after being weighted.Keywords-component; multi-objective; passenger station; Layout OptimizationIn the past, paying much attention to improving line carrying capacity and neglecting the carrying capacity of hubs or stations in China leaded to the shortage of passenger capacity and the difficulty in meeting the demand of transport market. At present, China is in the primary stage of high-speed railway construction. High-speed railway being introduced into existing railway terminal will break the transport pattern of existing railway hub and will dramatically change the original railway hub transportation structure、transportation operation mode and transportation path. It is an important question in railway terminal planning to reasonably determine the locations and the number of the high-speed passenger stations in hub and optimize the layout of passenger stations in terminal.I Layout Optimization model of Passenger Station in railway hubA. Layout of passenger station in railway hub and basic principle of selection location（1）For human-oriented, make the trip distance and time of passenger from the starting point to passenger station shortest、the travel cost lowest、the riding most convenient and reduce the passenger transfer or make it more convenient. (Includingthe transfer between one or multiple transport modes)（2）Take the market as the direction and make the benefits as the center. Passenger station in city is kind of large infrastructure. Inputs and outputs should be the standard of the evaluation of railway operation benefit. At the same time, removal expense which is relative to the selection location of passenger station 、investment of civil engineering 、completion time of project and some cost related to project should be brought into the constraint condition of selection location of passenger station. It still needs to compare the operating costs of different schemes of selection location of passenger station.（3）The development of city should be combined with the city planning. It includes urban master planning 、urban public transport planning 、urban rail transit network planning and so on. Their evaluation indexes are different. In a word, it should reflect the compatibility between railway station and the city, and guide and advance the development of the transportation of the city. [ 3 ]On above foundation of all basic principles, alternatives should be in accordance with the natural distributed discipline of passenger flow, and be beneficial to hub passenger train. They also should make full use of the railway existing equipment and the urban existing collecting and distributing centre. At the same time, they should have both good geological conditions and economic environment. B. Layout Optimization model of Passenger Station in railway hubThe economic evaluation indexes of layout optimization model of passenger station in railway hub have both quantitative indexes such as engineering investment 、operating costs and so on and some qualitative indexes which can’t be quantified directly such as cooperation with the development planning of city 、environment protection and so on. To be convenient to unify quantitative indexes and qualitative indexes, establish layout optimization model of passenger station below by applying the theory and method of multi-objective planning.1max Ii i i f w f ==∑ （1）In formula:i —Quantitative indexes and qualitative indexes of all design schemes. I evaluation indexes in all;i f —Effect of targets of all evaluation indexes （01i f ≤≤）. It is introduced for beconvenient to unify the dimension of quantitative and qualitative indexes. For the effect of targets of quantitative indexes, determine the corresponding value of zero and one, and then evaluate the value through insertion method. For the qualitative indexes, use the six-degree standard to quantify: Best —1、Better —0.8、General —0.6、bad —0.4、worse —0.2、worst —0.i w —Weight of all evaluation indexes. It can be confirmed by the means ofinvestigation and argumentation and experts. In addition,11Iii w==∑.f —Total effect of targets of all design schemes. Its value determines the finalgood or bad ranking of all design schemes.II Construction scheme of passenger station in Nanning railway hub A. Present situation and future planning of Nanning railway hubNanning railway hub is the important regional terminal in southwest railway network. At present, it is connected with three railway main lines: Hunan-Guilin line 、Nanning-Kunming line and Nanning-Fangchenggang line. The constructing line: Liuzhou-Nanning passenger dedicated line 、Nanning-Litang railway 、Yunnan-Guilin railway and Nanning-Qinzhou railway all introduced into Nanning hub. Recently, there will be Jinchengjiang-Nanning railway 、Naning-Pingxiang railway and so on introduced into Nanning terminal. At that time, the number of intersection railway lines will be nine in Nanning hub.In terminal , there’re only one passenger station—Nanning Station. It has five receiving-departure lines for passenger trains (including main line)、one freight through line 、four receiving-departure concurrently storage sidings 、four shunting lines.The population of Nanning in downtown is planning to be 69 million in 2010 and 78 million in 2020. The population of the center is planning to be below 21 million in 2010 and below 29 million in 2020.The existing layout of railway terminal is in loop mode. Affected by geological condition and features 、the limit of removal working, existing p assenger station can’t be reconstructed in large scale. All of passenger working being concentrated in a station leads large pressure to city traffic. Therefore, the layout mode should be thatdisperse several centers in different places. That needs new passenger stations to satisfy the operating demand.B. Scheme of passenger station in Nanning railway hubThe recent passenger volume in Nanning terminal is 8 billion per year and the long-term will be 17 billion per year. Affected by geological condition, Nanning station cannot satisfy the passenger demand of terminal. With the construction of south-north intercity railroad in Nanning railway terminal, the terminal passenger system will gradually form the “loop” pattern of “The main in north and the minor in south” by south -north loop line.According to the principle of selection and location of passenger station in hub, come up with three alternatives for the south-north passenger station: reconstructing Nanning station （1）、new building Nahuang station （2）、new building Fengling station （3）. [ 3 ]III Evaluation index of construction scheme of passenger station in Nanning railway terminalA. Costs of engineering investment 1zCalculate the investment of line 、demolition 、land expropriation 、bridge 、tunnels of the construction scheme of passenger station. The costs of engineering investment of all schemes are presented in table 1.Table 1 Main engineering investment of alternative stations （10 thousand Yuan ）2()2111 2JKLjkl jkl l j k l z u S λ====∑∑∑In formula:j —The number of passenger stations in hub; k —The direction in hub;l —Different trains in hub, including high-speed train and normal-speed train;jklu —The number of passengers in l kind train which is from j station to kdirection of hub;jklS —The distance of l kind train which is from j station to k direction of hub interminal;l λ—The unit operating cost of l kind train.In accordance with the cost of one person per kilometer, the operating cost of taking normal passenger train is 0.078Yuan per person in one kilometer. The operating cost of taking high-speed train-set is 0.094Yuan per person in one kilometer.For three alternative stations, the distance of different kinds of trains to each direction is listed in table 2 and the operating costs of different passenger station in hub are presented in table 3.Table 2 The shortest path of alternative stations in accordance with direction（km ）3()311 3IJij ij i j z c u ===∑∑In formula:3z —Cost of passenger going to station; iju —Total number of passengers from i district to j station for taking differentkinds of trains (including high-speed train and normal-speed train);ijc —Unit cost of passenger trips from i district to j station for taking trains.Table 3 Operating costs in hub (10 thousand Yuan)distribution of railways and rivers, Nanning can be distributed into six residents trip districts.Table 4 Costs from trip districts to alternative station (Yuan)thousand person per year)table 7.D. The other social benefits 4zBy applying the three-station scheme （1、2、3）, it is convenient to arrange the task of different stations in hub .The car flows travel smoothly in hub and it is convenient for passengers to take trains. The two-station scheme （1、2）can’t consider partial regions of the city and the contact between stations is not frequent and it is not convenient for passengers to go out.Table 6 The number of intercity passengers of trip districts (10 thousand personper year)hubA. Costs of engineering investment 1dTable 8 Costs of engineering investment（10 thousand Yuan ）11passenger station by using linear model. Supposed when 1z =520 billion Y uan, 1d equals zero and when 1z =200 billion Yuan, 1d equals one. Then layout schemes1d of all passenger stations will be evaluated. The results are listed in table 9.B. Operating costs in hub 2dOperating costs of layout schemes of passenger station in hub are presented in table 3. Supposed when 2z =12 billion, 2d equals zero and when 2z =6 billion,2d equals one. Then calculate the layout scheme 2d of passenger station by linearrelationship. The results are listed in table 10.Table 9 Effect of targets of engineering investment 1d23Costs of passenger trip are shown in table 7. Supposed when 2z =150 billion,3d equals zero and when 2z =80 billion, 3d equals one. Then calculate the layoutscheme 3d of passenger station by linear relationship. The results are listed in table 11.Table 11 Effect of targets of passenger trip 3d4E. Determine the weight of each evaluation indexBy combining all evaluation indexes with a certain nu mber of experts’ suggestions, the weight of each evaluation index is determined: 1w —0.5、2w —0.1、3w —0.3、4w —0.1.F. The optimal layout scheme of passenger stationComprehensive above results, evaluate the total effect of targets of layout scheme of passenger station in Nanning railway terminal. The results are listed in table 13.Table 12 Effect of targets of the other social benefitsd4three-station scheme, the optimal scheme is two-station scheme. That is reconstructing Nanning station and new building Nahuang station.The reconstruction and removal engineering are in large scale. To control the scale of Nanning station effectively, add five intermediate platforms and ten arrival-departure tracks to form fifteen mesas in scale. At the same time, build passenger coach preparing station and motor train-set application station. In Nahuang station, construct five arrival-departure tracks(including main line)、one basic platform、one intermediate platform、eight long-term reservation arrival-departure tracks 、four intermediate platforms and reserve motor train-set storage yard towards the station house.基于多目标规划的铁路枢纽客运站布局优化研究摘要：本文研究铁路枢纽内客运站布局及选址基本原则，客运站布局评价指标既有定量指标也有定性指标，为统一评价指标，本文运用多目标规划的基本思想，引入了评价指标的目标效应值，建立了多目标规划的客运站布局优化模型。