谷轮涡旋压缩机
谷轮压缩机的介绍
美国谷轮全封涡旋压缩机介绍美国谷轮涡旋压缩机技术为中高温制冷应用提供了完美的解决方案.谷轮压缩机压缩机简洁的结构设计为您带来高效和稳定的应用.美国谷轮涡旋压缩机所有部件均密封在隔音外壳内，并底部配有弹性减震装置，最大限度地降低了噪声问题。
美国谷轮涡旋压缩机独特的卸载启动设计使单相压缩机，启动时无须启动电容/继电器，大多数应用中无需曲轴加热器和气液分离器。
美国谷轮涡旋压缩机确保高效能比，涡旋盘磨合而不是磨损，随运行时间的增加表现更好，更高的寿命和可靠性美国谷轮涡旋压缩机特点：美国谷轮涡旋压缩机是高可靠性，高能效比，紧凑型系统设计的理想选择。
使用的制冷剂包括R22R404A R507R134a,等。
美国谷轮涡旋压缩机轴向及径向的谷轮专利柔性设计提供了前所未有的耐液击和容忍杂质的能力，确保涡旋盘间的密封。
美国谷轮涡旋压缩机允许涡旋盘沿径向和轴向分开，碎屑或液体可通过涡旋盘而不损坏压谷轮涡旋压缩机缩机。
使进口压缩机维护更加简便，使用寿命更长，设计寿命为15年。
美国谷轮涡旋压缩机轴向及径向的谷轮专利柔性设计提供了前所未有的耐液击和容忍杂质的能力，确保涡旋盘间的密封。
美国谷轮涡旋压缩机宽广的运行工况范围，带油面测试阀，所有型号均有曲轴箱加热器，可选择带油视镜欧洲谷轮涡旋压缩机介绍：欧洲谷轮涡旋压缩机轴向及径向的谷轮专利柔性设计提供了前所未有的耐液击和容忍杂质的能力，确保涡旋盘间的密封。
欧洲谷轮涡旋压缩机宽广的运行工况范围，带油面测试阀，所有型号均有曲轴箱加热器，可选择带油视镜。
欧洲谷轮涡旋压缩机确保高效能比，涡旋盘磨合而不是磨损，随运行时间的增加表现更好，更高的寿命和可靠性。
欧洲谷轮涡旋压缩机是高可靠性，高能效比，紧凑型系统设计的理想选择。
使用的制冷剂包括R22R404A R507R134a,等。
欧洲谷轮涡旋压缩机特点：欧洲谷轮涡旋压缩机内部没有往复运动机构，所以结构简单、体积小、重量轻、零件少（特别是易损件少）欧洲谷轮涡旋压缩机独特的卸载启动设计使单相压缩机，启动时无须启动电容/继电器，大多数应用中无需曲轴加热器和气液分离器欧洲谷轮涡旋压缩机卸载启动技术，压缩部件在停机后互相分开，压缩机内部全面的压力平衡，无需附加启动装置。
谷轮压缩机
谷轮压缩机引言谷轮压缩机是一种重要的工业设备，用于将气体压缩为更高压力的状态。
它在许多行业中被广泛应用，包括制造业、能源领域、化工工艺以及石油和天然气开采等。
本文将对谷轮压缩机的工作原理、应用领域以及优势进行详细介绍。
一、工作原理谷轮压缩机采用谷轮轮盘来实现气体的压缩。
谷轮轮盘是一个具有呈蠕虫状形状的转子，它的作用是将气体由较低压力的状态逐渐转化为较高压力的状态。
谷轮轮盘在压缩气体时，通过旋转和滚动等动作，将来自吸气口的气体逐渐向出口方向推进。
在此过程中，气体被压缩并增加了压力，最终达到所需的压缩比。
二、应用领域1. 制造业谷轮压缩机在制造业中广泛应用于气动工具、气体输送和气体控制等方面。
它可以为生产线提供可靠而高效的压缩空气，用于驱动工艺设备和机械，提高生产效率并减少能源消耗。
2. 能源领域能源领域对于高效可靠的压缩机要求极高。
谷轮压缩机能够提供稳定的气体压力，使其在发电厂、核电站、石油和天然气工艺以及石油化工等领域得到广泛应用。
它可以用于驱动涡轮机、压缩站和天然气输送管道等设备。
3. 化工工艺化工工艺中需要将气体进行压缩和处理，以满足各种生产需求。
谷轮压缩机能够提供高效的压缩性能，并能适应不同的工作环境和气体成分。
因此，它被广泛应用于化工工艺中的气体压缩、净化、干燥和输送等过程。
4. 石油和天然气开采在石油和天然气开采的过程中，需要进行气体压缩和输送，以满足生产需求。
谷轮压缩机因其高效、可靠和适应性，成为石油和天然气行业的首选设备之一。
它可以用于压裂、注水、气体回收和输送等关键应用中。
三、优势1. 高效可靠谷轮压缩机采用谷轮轮盘来实现气体的压缩，具有高度的压缩效率和良好的稳定性。
它能够提供持续稳定的气体压力，并具有较低的能源消耗和维护成本。
2. 多功能性谷轮压缩机能够适应不同的气体成分和工作环境。
它可以根据不同的需求调整工作参数，以实现最佳的压缩效果。
3. 紧凑型设计谷轮压缩机通常采用紧凑型设计，占用空间小，并且安装和维护简便。
谷轮涡旋压缩机故障现象
谷轮涡旋压缩机故障现象谷轮涡旋压缩机主要故障主要有以下四种：①浮动密封圈损坏，高低压串气。
由涡旋压缩机的结构特点可知，为了在涡旋定子上部提供适当的气体压力，在涡旋定子上的适当的中间压缩处开了一个中间压力通道，以提供中间压力。
在中间压力腔上部设有浮动密封装置，因此涡旋顶部受排气压力与中间压力作用。
除了平衡涡旋内部压缩气体压力以外，还提供了顶端和底槽间的密封力，该密封力靠浮动密封圈来实现。
该密封圈由一种类似于橡胶或塑料的非金属材料制成。
故障现象一般表现为压缩机电机完好，并且能够通电运行，但机组的排气压力不升高，吸气压力也不降低，吸气与排气几乎没有压差，排气管不热，吸气管也不凉。
压缩机电流与额定值差别很大，事实上压缩机在空转。
②涡旋盘损坏。
涡旋盘损坏除有上述浮动密封圈损坏的特征外，还能听到压缩机内部明显的金属撞击声，这是涡旋盘被击碎后的金属碎片相互撞击或与压缩机壳体撞击的声音。
③电机烧毁。
当接通电源时，熔断器熔断或短路器跳断，压缩机无法启动。
④电机抱轴，轴承损坏。
压缩机电源接通时，听到机壳内电动机有嗡嗡的声音，但不运转，并且电流上升很快，几秒钟后，压缩机内部过载保护或外部热继电器保护动作，切断电源。
有时保护器来不及动作，很快达到堵转电流，可能直接导致电机烧毁。
2故障原因分析及防治措施2.1故障压缩机解剖后发现，密封圈发生了局部的融化或是断裂。
其原因是：由于制冷剂泄漏等原因，吸气压力降低(但是即使装了低压保护装置，也可能还没有达到保护设定值，而低压保护并没有切断)，吸气过热度增大，致使排气温度迅速升高，这时，如果未装排气温度保护器，或是安装不当，会使系统存在严重的过热现象。
避免密封圈发生热损坏最有效的办法是正确安装排气温度保护器。
排气温度保护器的温度设定一般为125一130℃；排气温度保护器的感温包一般安装在压缩机排气管上，距离排气口不超过150 mm，感温包与排气管固定要牢固，并且需要严格保温；排气温度保护器的接线可以和压缩机的其他保护措施(如高压保护或低压保护)串联起来，共同形成对压缩机的保护。
艾默生涡旋变频压缩机和电控解决方案说明书
艾默生全系列涡旋变频压缩机和电控解决方案全面的安全保护和可靠性谷轮涡旋TM 压缩机传承了CoreSense TM 保护技术,将产品可靠性提升到新的高度。
通过将主动保护算法集成于电机控制变频器中,确保压缩机和变频器在各种异常工况运行的安全性。
主要有以下保护特征：• 电机和涡旋温度保护• 电机堵转检测• 相序保护和更正• 最大运行电流检测• 排气温度保护• 频繁启停循环保护该系列变频压缩机产品建立在高度的可靠性和经过验证的高性能基础之上,融合了艾默生25年的涡旋压缩机技术及全世界超过1亿台的运行经验。
为了帮助客户应对变频化的市场趋势,艾默生开发了4~25HP 变频压缩机和变频器的整体解决方案,全系列产品搭载多项创新技术,以业界顶级能效水平助力系统进入能效升级新时代。
结合谷轮引以为豪的喷气增焓技术,超低温环境下也能保证系统强效制热安全可靠。
同时推出的艾默生EVD 系列变频器专门针对永磁电机设计,完美匹配变频压缩机,一站式解决方案帮助客户快速响应市场需求。
变频压缩机型谱图浮动密封圈变容积比涡旋喷气增焓技术（可选）导油管高效集中卷六极永磁电机3.4mm厚壳设计柔性液体刹车容积式油泵谷轮涡旋™变频压缩机优势:• 优异的性能和噪音表现• 卓越的可靠性• 搭载高效艾默生永磁电机有效提升节能效果• 中国研发中心为亚太市场应用量身打造，苏州生产• 广泛适用于变频多联机、柜式空调、地暖等应用• 900-7200rpm 宽广频率范围，让系统设计更加游刃有余• 可变容积比技术(VVR)显著改善涡旋低转速下的能效运行范围喷气增焓(EVI)技术特点:• 专利技术的喷气增焓结构设计• EVI 回路气体进入压缩机后,通过特殊设计的通道注入涡旋, 注入涡旋的气体经过压缩,和吸气口吸入的气体一起排出,进入制冷循环• 喷气增焓带来制热能力的上升和排气温度的降低• 喷气增焓可取代系统辅助电加热艾默生谷轮涡旋™变频压缩机给家用制冷和制热系统带来了变革。
谷轮压缩机参数表.
谷轮直通车经营的谷轮压缩机系列有：美国谷轮半封闭压缩机、谷轮双极压缩机、谷轮冷冻涡旋压缩机和谷轮低温ZF系列压缩机；谷轮空调涡旋压缩机ZR24～ZR380全系列压缩机；谷轮冷冻涡旋压缩机ZB15KQ～ZB11MC全系列压缩机；沈阳谷轮半封闭C、L、2S、3S、4S、6S系列压缩机。
直通车以强大的库存量为客户提供产品支持、优惠的价格为客户提供成本支持。
谷轮中温ZB涡旋压缩机参数表：谷轮空调压缩机ZR系列参数表：谷轮ZF系列低温压缩机参数表：型号HP 冷凝温度℃制冷量(W)10℃5℃0℃-5℃-10℃-15℃ZF06K4E 2 35 6950 5940 5040 4240 3550 2880 45 5960 5100 4330 3650 3050 2480 55 4910 4180 3550 3000 2520 2060ZF09K4E 3 35 9530 8130 6910 5820 4870 4100 45 8170 6970 5920 5000 4180 3550 55 6720 5730 4870 4120 3440 2900ZF11K4E 3.5 35 11700 10100 8550 7220 6050 5080 45 10200 8670 7370 6220 5210 4370 55 8400 7160 6050 5100 4260 3590ZF13K4E 4 35 12800 11300 9810 8420 7100 6030 45 11700 10100 8610 7250 6010 5120 55 9850 8320 6950 5780 4770 4070ZF15K4E 5 35 16800 14400 12200 10300 8650 7290 45 14500 12400 10500 88400 7390 6260 55 11900 10100 8570 7200 6030 5080ZF18K4E 6 35 17000 14400 12200 10200 8550 7250 45 14700 12500 10500 8840 7390 6240 55 12000 10200 8610 7250 6050 5120型号马力HP缸数排气量m3/h外形尺寸mm长宽高净重KG谷轮柔性涡旋压缩机在多方面显示出了它独特的优越性，高能效比，低噪音，高可靠性，低的系统设计成本和运行成本。
数码涡旋压缩机原理(简易)
数码涡旋压缩机：
1、谷轮公司独有的轴向“柔性”密封技术，通过PWM阀的开启和关闭，实现压
缩机的容量调节。
容量调节范围为10%~100%。
2、PWM阀在控制器的控制下，可自由的调节开启——关闭的时间比例，实现“0
——1”输出，体现数码功能。
压缩机运转原理：
1、当PWM阀关闭时，定子上端面压力大于涡旋盘压缩腔压力，将定子向下压紧，实
现定子和转子的密封并负载。
2、当PWM阀开启时，定子上端面的压力与吸气压力一致，此时涡旋盘压缩腔压力大
于定子上端面的压力，将定子托起，使定子和转子脱离，实现卸载。
3、压缩机卸载时，不再对制冷剂进行压缩，故其功率仅为负载时的5%，实现节能。
变容量控制原理
通过压缩机周期性的负载和卸载来实现变容量冷媒控制。
以一次负载加一次卸载的时间为一个控制周期，一般一个周期时间为15~20秒。
通过负载在一个周期内所占时间的比例来实现不同的冷媒输出量，实现无级容量调节。
例如：总能力为10匹，控制周期为20秒。
若要输出5匹的能力，则负载时间占用周期时间的50%，即负载10秒，卸载为10秒即可。
若要输出2匹的能力，则负载时间占用周期时间的20%，即负载4秒，卸载为16秒即可，依次类推。
如下图列举输出能力分别为20%、50%、100%的控制原理图。
谷轮ZW系列(中间补气涡旋)压缩机应用指南
AE4-1381May 2011ZW21 to ZW61KAE and ZW30 to ZW61KSECopeland Scroll® Water Heating CompressorsTABLE OF CONTENTSSection Page Section PageIntroduction (2)ZW**KA Application (2)ZW**KS ApplicationVapour Injection - Theory of Operation (2)Heat Exchanger and Expansion Device Sizing (3)Flash Tank Application (3)Intermediate Pressure and Vapour Injection Superheat (3)Application ConsiderationsHigh Pressure Cut-Out (4)Low Pressure Cut-Out (4)Discharge Temperature Protection (4)Discharge Temperature Control (4)Discharge Mufflers (4)Oil Dilution and Compressor Cooling (4)Electrical Considerations (5)Brazing and Vapour Injection Line (5)Low Ambient Cut-Out (5)Internal Pressure Relief Valve (5)Internal Temperature Protection (5)Quiet Shutdown (5)Discharge Check Valve (5)Motor Protector (5)Accumulators (5)Screens (6)Crankcase Heat-Single Phase (6)Crankcase Heat-Three Phase (6)Pump Down Cycle (6)Minimum Run Time (6)Reversing Valves (6)Oil Type (7)System Noise & Vibration (7)Single Phase Starting Characteristics (7)PTC Start Components (7)Electrical Connections (7)Deep Vacuum Operation (7)Shell Temperature (7)Suction & Discharge Fittings (7)Three Phase Scroll Compressors (8)Brief Power Interruptions ..........................................8Assembly Line ProceduresInstalling the Compressor (8)Assembly Line Brazing Procedure (8)Pressure Testing (8)Assembly Line System Charging Procedure (8)High Potential (AC Hipot) Testing (9)Unbrazing System Components (9)Service ProceduresCopeland Scroll Functional Check (9)Compressor Replacement After Motor Burn (10)Start Up of a New or Replacement Compressor (10)FiguresBrief Product Overview (11)ZW21KAE Envelope (R-134a) (11)ZWKAE Envelope (R-407C, Dew Point) (12)ZWKA Envelope (R-22) (12)ZWKS Envelope (R-22) (13)ZWKSE Envelope (R-407C, Dew Point) (13)Heat Pump with Vapour Injection – EXV Control (14)Heat Exchanger Schematic (14)Heat Pump with Flash Tank (15)Possible Flash Tank Configuration (15)Oil Dilution Chart (16)Crankcase Heater (17)Compressor Electrical Connection (17)Scroll Tube Brazing (17)How a Scroll Works (18)IntroductionThe ZW**KA and ZW**KS Copeland Scroll®compressors are designed for use in vapour compression heat pump water heating applications. Typical model numbers include ZW30KA-PFS and ZW61KSE-TFP. This bulletin addresses the specifics of water heating in the early part and deals with the common characteristics and general application guidelines for Copeland Scroll compressors in the later sections. Operating principles of the scroll compressor are described in Figure 15 at the end of this bulletin.As the drive for energy efficiency intensifies, water heating by fossil-fueled boilers and electric elements is being displaced by vapour compression heat pumps. Emerson Climate Technologies has developed two lines of special water heater compressors to meet the requirements of this demanding application. ZW**KA compressors are designed for lighter duty applications where the ambient temperature does not fall below 0°C and where lower water temperatures can be accepted as the ambient temperature falls. ZW**KS compressors are equipped with a vapour injection cycle which allows reliable operation in cold climates with significantly enhanced heating capacity, higher efficiency, and minimal requirement to reduce water outlet temperatures. Figure 1gives a brief product overview.Water heating is characterized by long operating hours at both high load and high compression ratios. Demand for hot water is at its highest when ambients are low and when conventional heat pump capacity falls off. On the positive side, the system refrigerant charge is usually small, so the risk to the compressor from dilution and flooded starts will usually be lower than in split type air-to-air heat pumps.Water heaters must operate in a wide range of ambient temperatures, and many systems will require some method of defrost. Some systems such as Direct Heating, Top Down Heating or Single Pass Heating operate at a constant water outlet temperature with variable water flow. Others such as Recirculation Heating, Cyclic Heating or Multipass Heating use constant water flow with the water outlet and inlet temperatures both rising slowly as the storage tank heats up. Both system types need to cope with reheating a tank where the hot water has been partially used, and reheating to the setpoint temperature is required. More complex systems deliver water at relatively low temperatures for under-floor heating circuits and are switched over to sanitary water heating a few times per day to provide higher temperature water for sanitary use. In addition, some countries have specific water temperature requirements for legionella control.ZW**KA ApplicationThe application envelopes for ZW**KA compressors are shown in Figures 2 - 4.Appropriate system hardware and control logic must be employed to ensure that the compressor is always operating within the envelope. Small short-term excursions outside the envelope are acceptable at the time of defrost when the load on the compressor is low. Operation with suction superheat of 5 -10K is generally acceptable except at an evaporating tem-perature above 100C when a minimum superheat of 10K is required.ZW**KS ApplicationThe ZW**KS* vapour-injected scroll compressors differ from ZW**KA models in many important details:• Addition of vapour injection• Significantly different application envelopes• Some differences in locked rotor amps (LRA), maximum continuous current (MCC), andmaximum operating current (MOC) – seenameplatesThe application envelopes for ZW**KS compressors are shown in Figures 5 and 6.Vapour Injection – Theory of Operation Operation with vapour injection increases the capacity of the outdoor coil and in turn the capacity and efficiency of the system – especially in low ambient temperatures. A typical schematic is shown in Figure 7. A heat exchanger is added to the liquid line and is used to cool the liquid being delivered to the heating expansion device. Part of the liquid refrigerant flow is flashed through an expansion valve on the evaporator side of the heat exchanger at an intermediate pressure and used to subcool the main flow of liquid to the main expansion device. Vapour from the liquid evaporating at intermediate pressure is fed to the vapour injection port on the ZW**KS compressor. This refrigerant is injected into the mid-compression cycle of the scroll compressor and compressed to discharge pressure. Heating capacity is increased, because low temperature liquid with lower specific enthalpy supplied to the outdoor coil increases the amount of heat that can be absorbed from the ambient air. Increased heat absorbed from the ambient increases the system condensing temperature and in turn the compressor power input. The increase in power inputalso contributes to the improvement in the overall heating capacity.Vapour Injection can be turned on and off by the addition of an optional solenoid valve on the vapour injection line on systems using a thermostatic expansion valve. Alternatively, an electronic expansion valve can be used to turn vapour injection on and off and to control the vapour injection superheat. A capillary tube is not suitable for controlling vapour injection.The major advantage of the electronic expansion valve is that it can be used to optimise the performance of the system and at the same time control the discharge temperature by injecting “wet vapour” at extreme operating conditions.The configurations and schematics shown are for reference only and are not applicable to every system. Please consult with your Emerson Application Engineer.Heat Exchanger and Expansion Device Sizing Various heat exchanger designs have been used successfully as subcoolers. In general they should be sized so that the liquid outlet temperature is less than 5K above the saturated injection temperature at the customer low temperature rating point. At very high ambient temperatures, it will normally be beneficial to turn vapour injection off to limit the load on the compressor motor. Application Engineering Bulletin AE4-1327 and Emerson Climate Technologies Product Selection Software can be used to help size the subcooling heat exchanger and thermal expansion valves, but selection and proper operation must be checked during development testing. Plate type subcoolers must be installed vertically with the injection expansion device connected at the bottom through a straight tube at least 150mm long to ensure good liquid distribution. See the schematic in Figure 8. Flash Tank ApplicationA possible flash tank configuration is shown in Figure9. This particular configuration is arranged to have flow through the flash tank and expansion devices in heating, and it bypasses the tank in defrost mode. The flash tank system works by taking liquid from the condenser and metering it into a vessel through a high-to-medium pressure expansion device. Part of the liquid boils off and is directed to the compressor vapour injection port. This refrigerant is injected into the mid-compression cycle of the scroll compressor and compressed to discharge pressure. The remaining liquid is cooled, exits from the bottom of the tank at intermediate pressure, and flows to the medium-to-low pressure expansion device which feeds the outdoor coil. Low temperature liquid with lower specific enthalpy increases the capacity of the evaporator without increasing mass flow and system pressure drops.Recommended tank sizing for single compressor application in this size range is a minimum of 200 mm high by 75 mm in diameter with 3/8 in. (9.5mm) tubing connections, although it is possible to use a larger tank to combine the liquid/vapour separation and receiver functions in one vessel. A sight tube (liquid level gauge) should be added to the tank for observation of liquid levels during lab testing. See schematic diagram Figure 10 for clarification.It is important to maintain a visible liquid refrigerant level in the tank under all operating conditions. Ideally the liquid level should be maintained in the 1/3 to 2/3 full range.Under no circumstances should the level drop to empty or rise to a full tank. As the tank level rises, liquid droplets tend to be swept into the vapour line leading to “wet” vapour injection. Although this can be useful for cooling a hot compressor, the liquid quantity cannot be easily controlled. Compressor damage is possible if the tank overflows. If liquid injection is required for any reason, it can be arranged as shown in Figures 7 and 9.Since liquid leaves the tank in a saturated state, any pressure drop or temperature rise in the line to the medium-to-low pressure expansion device will lead to bubble formation. Design or selection of the medium-to-low pressure expansion device requires careful attention due to the possible presence of bubbles at the inlet and the low pressure difference available to drive the liquid into the evaporator. An electronic expansion valve is the preferred choice. Intermediate Pressure and Vapour Injection SuperheatPressure in the flash tank cannot be set and is a complex function of the compressor inlet condition and liquid condition at the inlet of the high-to-medium pressure expansion device. However, liquid level can be adjusted, which in turn will vary the amount of liquid subcooling in the condenser (water to refrigerant heat exchanger) and vary the injection pressure. Systems with low condenser subcooling will derive the biggest gains by the addition of vapour injection. Systems operating with high pressure ratios will show the largest gains when vapour injection is applied. Such systems will have higher vapour pressure and higher injectionmass flow. Intermediate pressures in flash tank and heat exchanger systems should be very similar unless the subcooling heat exchanger is undersized and there is a large temperature difference between the evaporator and the liquid sides. Vapour exiting a flash tank will be saturated and may pick up 1 - 2K superheat in the vapour line to the compressor. Vapour injection superheat cannot be adjusted on flash tank systems. Heat exchanger systems will be at their most efficient when the vapour injection superheat is maintained at approximately 5K.APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONSHigh Pressure Cut OutIf a high pressure control is used with these compressors, the recommended maximum cut out settings are listed in Figure 1. The high pressure control should have a manual reset feature for the highest level of system protection. It is not recommended to use the compressor to test the high pressure switch function during the assembly line test.Although R-407C runs with higher discharge pressure than R-22, a common setting can be used. The cutout settings for R-134a are much lower, and the switches must be selected or adjusted accordingly.Low Pressure Cut OutA low pressure cut out is an effective protection against loss of charge or partial blockage in the system. The cut out should not be set more than 3 - 5K equivalent suction pressure below the lowest operating point in the application envelope. Nuisance trips during defrost can be avoided by ignoring the switch until defrost is finished or by locating it in the line between the evaporator outlet and the reversing valve. This line will be at discharge pressure during defrost. Recommended settings are given in Figure 1. Discharge Temperature ProtectionAlthough ZW compressors have an internal bi-metal Therm-O-Disc®(TOD) on the muffler plate, external discharge temperature protection is recommended for a higher level of protection and to enable monitoring and control of vapour injection on ZW**KS* models. The protection system should shut down the compressor when the discharge line temperature reaches 125°C. In low ambient operation, the temperature difference between the scroll center and the discharge line is significantly increased, so protection at a lower discharge temperature, e.g. 120°C when the ambient is below 0°C, will enhance system safety. For the highest level of system protection, the discharge temperature control should have a manual reset feature. The discharge sensor needs to be well insulated to ensure that the line temperature is accurately read. The insulation material must not deteriorate over the expected life of the unit.Discharge Temperature ControlSome systems use an electronic expansion valve to control the vapour injection superheat and a thermistor to monitor the discharge temperature. This combination allows the system designer to inject a small quantity of liquid to keep the discharge temperature within safe limits and avoid an unnecessary trip. Liquid injection should begin at approximately 115°C and should be discontinued when the temperature falls to 105°C. Correct functioning of this system should be verified during system development. It is far preferable to use liquid injection into the vapour injection port to keep the compressor cool rather than inject liquid into the compressor suction which runs the risk of diluting the oil and washing the oil from the moving parts. If some operation mode requires liquid injection but without the added capacity associated with “wet” vapour injection, a liquid injection bypass circuit can be arranged as shown in Figures 7 and 9.Caution: Although the discharge and oil temperature are within acceptable limits, the suction and discharge pressures cannot be ignored and must also fall within the approved application envelope.Discharge MufflersDischarge mufflers are not normally required in water heaters since the refrigerant does not circulate within the occupied space.Oil Dilution and Compressor CoolingThe oil temperature diagram shown in Figure 11is commonly used to make a judgment about acceptable levels of floodback in heat pump operation. Systems operating with oil temperatures near the lower limit line are never at their most efficient. Low ambient heating capacity and efficiency will both be higher if floodback is eliminated and the system runs with 1 - 5K suction superheat. Discharge temperature can be controlled by vapour injection, “wet” vapour injection, or even liquid injection if necessary. In this situation, the oil temperature will rise well into the safe zone, and the compressor will not be at risk of failure from diluted oil. The oil circulation rate will also be reduced as crankcase foaming disappears. Special care needs to be taken at the end of defrost to ensure that the compressor oil is not unacceptably diluted. The system will resume heating very quickly and bearing loads willincrease accordingly, so proper lubrication must be ensured.Electrical ConsiderationsMotor configuration and protection are similar to those of standard Copeland Scroll compressors. In some cases, a larger motor is required in the ZW**KS* models to handle the load imposed by operating with vapour injection. Wiring and fuse sizes should be reviewed accordingly.Brazing the Vapour Injection LineThe vapour injection connection is made from copper coated steel, and the techniques used for brazing the suction and discharge fittings apply to this fitting also. Low Ambient Cut-OutA low ambient cut-out is not required to limit heat pump operation with ZW**KS compressors. Water heaters using ZW**KA compressors must not be allowed to run in low ambients since this configuration would run outside of the approved operating envelope causing overheating or excessive wear. A low ambient cut-out should be set at 0°C for ZW**KA modelsIn common with many Copeland Scroll compressors, ZW models include the features described below: Internal Pressure Relief (IPR) ValveAll ZW compressors contain an internal pressure relief valve that is located between the high side and the low side of the compressor. It is designed to open when the discharge-to-suction differential pressure exceeds 26 - 32 bar. When the valve opens, hot discharge gas is routed back into the area of the motor protector to cause a trip.Internal Temperature ProtectionThe Therm-O-Disc® or TOD is a temperature-sensitive snap disc device located on the muffler plate between the high and low pressure sides of the compressor. It is designed to open and route excessively hot discharge gas back to the motor protector. During a situation such as loss of charge, the compressor will be protected for some time while it trips the protector. However, as refrigerant leaks out, the mass flow and the amperage draw are reduced and the scrolls will start to overheat.A low pressure control is recommended for loss of charge protection in heat pumps for the highest level of system protection. A cut out setting no lower than 2.5 bar for ZW**KA* models and 0.5 bar for ZW**KS* models is recommended. The low pressure cut-out, if installed in the suction line to the compressor, can provide additional protection against an expansion device failed in the closed position, a closed liquid line or suction line service valve, or a blocked liquid line screen, filter, orifice, or TXV. All of these can starve the compressor for refrigerant and result in compressor failure. The low pressure cut-out should have a manual reset feature for the highest level of system protection. If a compressor is allowed to cycle after a fault is detected, there is a high probability that the compressor will be damaged and the system contaminated with debris from the failed compressor and decomposed oil.If current monitoring to the compressor is available, the system controller can take advantage of the compressor TOD and internal protector operation. The controller can lock out the compressor if current draw is not coincident with the contactor energizing, implying that the compressor has shut off on its internal protector. This will prevent unnecessary compressor cycling on a fault condition until corrective action can be taken.Quiet Shut downAll scrolls in this size range have a fast acting valve in the center of the fixed scroll which provides a very quiet shutdown solution. Pressure will equalize internally very rapidly and a time delay is not required for any of the ZW compressors to restart. Also refer to the section on “Brief Power Interruption”. Discharge Check ValveA low mass, disc-type check valve in the discharge fitting of the compressor prevents the high side, high pressure discharge gas from flowing rapidly back through the compressor. This check valve was not designed to be used with recycling pump down because it is not entirely leak-proof.Motor ProtectorConventional internal line break motor protection is provided. The protector opens the common connection of a single-phase motor and the center of the Y connection on three-phase motors. The three-phase protector provides primary single-phase protection. Both types of protectors react to current and motor winding temperature.AccumulatorsThe use of accumulators is very dependent on the application. The scroll’s inherent ability to handle liquid refrigerant during occasional operating flood back situations often makes the use of an accumulator unnecessary in many designs. If flood back is excessive, it can dilute the oil to such an extent thatbearings are inadequately lubricated, and wear will occur. In such a case, an accumulator must be used to reduce flood back to a safe level that the compressor can handle.In water heaters, floodback is likely to occur when the outdoor coil frosts. The defrost test must be done at an outdoor ambient temperature of around 0°C in a high humidity environment. Liquid floodback must be monitored during reversing valve operation, especially when coming out of defrost. Excessive floodback occurs when the sump temperature drops below the safe operation line shown in Figure 11 for more than 10 seconds.If an accumulator is required, the oil return orifice should be 1 - 1.5mm in diameter depending on compressor size and compressor flood back results. Final oil return hole size should be determined through testing. ScreensScreens with a mesh size finer than 30 x 30 (0.6mm openings) should not be used anywhere in the system with these compressors. Field experience has shown that finer mesh screens used to protect thermal expansion valves, capillary tubes, or accumulators can become temporarily or permanently plugged with normal system debris and block the flow of either oil or refrigerant to the compressor. Such blockage can result in compressor failure.Crankcase Heater - Single PhaseCrankcase heaters are not required on single phase compressors when the system charge is not over 120% of the limit shown in Figure 1. A crankcase heater is required for systems containing more than 120% of the compressor refrigerant charge limit listed in Figure 1. This includes long line length systems where the extra charge will increase the standard factory charge above the 120% limit.Experience has shown that compressors may fill with liquid refrigerant under certain circumstances and system configurations, notably after longer off cycles when the compressor has cooled. This may cause excessive start-up clearing noise, or the compressor may lock up and trip on the protector several times before starting. The addition of a crankcase heater will reduce customer noise and light dimming complaints since the compressor will no longer have to clear out liquid during startup. Figure 12lists the crankcase heaters recommended for the various models and voltages.Crankcase Heat – Three-PhaseA crankcase heater is required for three-phase compressors when the system charge exceeds the compressor charge limit listed in Figure 1and an accumulator cannot be piped to provide free liquid drainage during the off cycle.Pump Down CycleA pump down cycle for control of refrigerant migration is not recommended for scroll compressors of this size. If a pump down cycle is used, a separate external check valve must be added.The scroll discharge check valve is designed to stop extended reverse rotation and prevent high-pressure gas from leaking rapidly into the low side after shut off. The check valve will in some cases leak more than reciprocating compressor discharge reeds, normally used with pump down, causing the scroll compressor to cycle more frequently. Repeated short-cycling of this nature can result in a low oil situation and consequent damage to the compressor. The low-pressure control differential has to be reviewed since a relatively large volume of gas will re-expand from the high side of the compressor into the low side on shut down. Minimum Run TimeThere is no set answer to how often scroll compressors can be started and stopped in an hour, since it is highly dependent on system configuration. Other than the considerations in the section on Brief Power Interruptions, there is no minimum off time. This is because scroll compressors start unloaded, even if the system has unbalanced pressures. The most critical consideration is the minimum run time required to return oil to the compressor after startup.Since water heaters are generally of compact construction, oil return and short cycling issues are rare. Oil return should not be a problem unless the accumulator oil hole is blocked.Reversing ValvesSince Copeland Scroll compressors have very high volumetric efficiency, their displacements are lower than those of comparable capacity reciprocating compressors. As a result, Emerson recommends that the capacity rating on reversing valves be no more than 2 times the nominal capacity of the compressor with which it will be used in order to ensure proper operation of the reversing valve under all operating conditions.The reversing valve solenoid should be wired so that the valve does not reverse when the system isshut off by the operating thermostat in the heating or cooling mode. If the valve is allowed to reverse at system shutoff, suction and discharge pressures are reversed to the compressor. This results in pressures equalizing through the compressor which can cause the compressor to slowly rotate until the pressures equalize. This condition does not affect compressor durability but can cause unexpected sound after the compressor is turned off.Oil TypeThe ZW**K* compressors are originally charged with mineral oil. A standard 3GS oil may be used if the addition of oil in the field is required. See the compressor nameplate for original oil charge. A complete recharge should be ~100 ml less than the nameplate value.ZW**K*E are charged with POE oil. Copeland 3MAF or Ultra 22 CC should be used if additional oil is needed in the field. Mobil Arctic EAL22CC, Emkarate RL22, Emkarate 32CF and Emkarate 3MAF are acceptable alternatives. POE oil is highly hygroscopic, and the oil should not be exposed to the atmosphere except for the very short period required to make the brazing connections to the compressor.System Noise and VibrationCopeland Scroll compressors inherently have low sound and vibration characteristics, but the characteristics differ in some respects from those of reciprocating or rotary compressors. The scroll compressor makes both a rocking and a torsional motion, and enough flexibility must be provided to prevent vibration transmission into any lines attached to the unit. This is usually achieved by having tubing runs at least 30cm long parallel to the compressor crankshaft and close to the shell. ZW compressors are delivered with rubber grommets to reduce vibration transmission to the system baseplate.Single Phase Starting CharacteristicsStart assist devices are usually not required, even if a system utilizes non-bleed expansion valves. Due to the inherent design of the Copeland Scroll, the internal compression components always start unloaded even if system pressures are not balanced. In addition, since internal compressor pressures are always balanced at startup, low voltage starting characteristics are excellent for Copeland Scroll compressors. Starting current on any compressor may result in a significant “sag” in voltage where a poor power supply is encountered. The low starting voltage reduces the starting torque of the compressor and subsequently increases the start time. This could cause light dimming or a buzzing noise where wire is pulled through conduit. If required, a start capacitor and potential relay can be added to the electrical circuit. This will substantially reduce start time and consequently the magnitude and duration of both light dimming and conduit buzzing.PTC Start ComponentsFor less severe voltage drops or as a start boost, solid state Positive Temperature Coefficient devices rated from 10 to 25 ohms may be used to facilitate starting for any of these compressors.Electrical ConnectionThe orientation of the electrical connections on the Copeland Scroll compressors is shown in Figure 13 and is also shown on the wiring diagram on the top of the terminal box cover.Deep Vacuum OperationScrolls incorporate internal low vacuum protection and will stop pumping (unload) when the pressure ratio exceeds approximately 10:1. There is an audible increase in sound when the scrolls start unloading. This feature does not prevent overheating and destruction of the scrolls, but it does protect the power terminals from internal arcing.Copeland Scroll compressors(as with any refrigerant compressor) should never be used to evacuate a refrigeration or air conditioning system. The scroll compressor can be used to pump down refrigerant in a unit as long as the pressures remain within the operating envelope. Prolonged operation at low suction pressures will result in overheating of the scrolls and permanent damage to the scroll tips, drive bearings and internal seal. (See AE24-1105 for proper system evacuation procedures.)Shell TemperatureCertain types of system failures, such as condenser or evaporator blockage or loss of charge, may cause the top shell and discharge line to briefly but repeatedly reach temperatures above 175ºC as the compressor cycles on its internal protection devices. Care must be taken to ensure that wiring or other materials, which could be damaged by these temperatures, do not come in contact with these potentially hot areas. Suction and Discharge FittingsCopeland Scroll compressors have copper plated steel suction and discharge fittings. These fittings are far more rugged and less prone to leaks than。
谷轮压缩机参数表
谷轮直通车经营的谷轮压缩机系列有：美国谷轮半封闭压缩机、谷轮双极压缩机、谷轮冷冻涡旋压缩机和谷轮低温ZF系列压缩机; 谷轮空调涡旋压缩机ZR24〜ZR380全系列压缩机；谷轮冷冻涡旋压缩机ZB15KQ〜ZB11MC全系列压缩机；沈阳谷轮半封闭C L、2S 3S、4S、6S系列压缩机。
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谷轮中温ZB涡旋压缩机参数表:谷轮空调压缩机ZR系列参数表:ZR32K3-PFJ 2.67 7.55 7760 28.1ZR34K3-PFJ 2.83 8.02 8200 29.5ZR36K3-PFJ 3.00 8.61 8790 29.5ZR40K3-PFJ 3.33 9.43 9670 29.9ZR42K3-PFJ 3.50 9.94 10100 29.9ZR47K3-PFJ 3.92 11.16 11500 30.4ZR22K3-TFD 1.83 5.34 5330 25.9ZR24K3-TFD 2.00 5.92 5920 25.9ZR26K3-TFD 2.17 6.27 6330 25.9ZR28K3-TFD 2.33 6.83 6910 26.3ZR30K3-TFD 2.50 7.30 7380 26.3ZR32K3-TFD 2.67 7.55 7760 26.3ZR34K3-TFD 2.83 8.02 8200 28.6ZR36K3-TFD 3.00 8.61 8790 27.2ZR40K3-TFD 3.33 9.43 9670 28.6ZR42K3-TFD 3.50 9.94 10100 28.6ZR45KC-TFD 3.75 10.73 11000 28.6ZR46KC-TFD 3.83 10.95 11100 34.9 三相ZR47KC-TFD 3.92 11.16 11500 28.6ZR49KC-TFD 4.08 11.45 11700 35.4ZR54KC-TFD 4.50 12.73 12900 35.4ZR57KC-TFD 4.75 13.42 13700 35.4ZR61KC-TFD 5.08 14.34 14600 35.8ZR68KC-TFD 5.75 16.18 16400 38.1ZR72KC-TFD 6.00 17.05 17400 38.1ZR81KC-TFD 6.75 19.20 19690 40.9ZR84KC-TFD 7.00 19.75 20330 56.7ZR94KC-TFD 8.00 22.14 22940 58.0 ZR108KC-TFD 9.00 25.15 26250 72.6 ZR125KC-TFD 10.00 28.77 30470 78.0型号马力HP缸数排气量m3/h外形尺寸净重mm长宽高KG型号HP 冷凝温度C制冷量(W)10C 5C 0C -5C -10C -15CZF06K4E 2 35 6950 5940 5040 4240 3550 2880 45 5960 5100 4330 3650 3050 2480 55 4910 4180 3550 3000 2520 20604100ZF09K4E 3 35 9530 8130 6910 5820 487045 8170 6970 5920 5000 4180 3550 55 6720 5730 4870 4120 3440 2900ZF11K4E 3.5 35 1170010200840010100 8550 7220 6050 5080 45 8670 7370 6220 5210 4370 55 7160 6050 5100 4260 35907F13K4E 4 35 12800 11300 9810 8420 7100 6030 45 11700 10100 8610 7250 6010 5120 55 9850 8320 6950 5780 4770 4070ZF15K4E 5 35 16800 14400 12200 10300 8650 7290 45 14500 12400 10500 1 88400 7390 6260 55 11900 10100 8570 7200 6030 5080ZF18K4E 6 35 17000 14400 12200 10200 8550 7250 45 14700 12500 10500 8840 7390 6240 55 12000 10200 8610 7250 6050 5120谷轮半封闭压缩机C系列参数表:■I“ xSu._1*4 .com618-9884谷轮压缩机卓越品质事鞠信赖谷轮柔性涡旋压缩机在多方面显示出了它独特的优越性，高能效比，低噪音，高可靠性，低的系统设计成本和运行成本。