单元练习

Unit 1 Introduction to Computers ExercisesI. Mach each of the following terms to the phrase or definition that is most closely related:a．portableb．desktopc．workstationd．read only memory（ROM）e．semiconductorf．voltageg．capacityh．laptop computeri．siliconj．random access memory（RAM）1. a powerful single-user computer, usually attached to a network2. the generic term for any microcomputer that is designed to be carried around3. a kind of portable computer which can be put on the lap4. a non-metallic element with semiconductor characteristics5. a material whose electrical conductivity increases with temperature and is intermediate between metals andinsulators6. electrical force measured in volts7. the amount of space in a storage device8. designed for use on a desk or tableII. Fill in the blanks with the right words.Types of ComputerComputer can be generally classified by size and power as follows, though there is considerable overlap among them.A refers to a small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor, with a keyboard for entering data, a monitor for displaying information, and a storage device for saving data.A is a powerful, single-user computer, which, though looking like a microcomputer, has a more powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor.A stands as a multi-user computer capable of supporting from 10 to hundreds of terminals or users simultaneously.A , synonymous with “giant”, is the name for a powerful multi-user computer which supports hundreds of thousands of users at the same time.A describes an extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second.Words to be chosen from:supercomputer, minicomputer, mainframe, workstation, personal computerIII. Translate the following passage into Chinese：Another critical component in computers is memory. The two most important kinds of memory are read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM). Computers can read data stored in ROM, but can't write new data to it. With RAM, computers can read from and write to that memory. Without computer memory, every calculation on a computer would be stateless. That means there'd be no way to preserve information from one moment to the next and every process would start on a clean slate. That's not useful if you want to create complex programs.Unit 2 Fundamentals of Computer Hardware ExercisesI. Answer the following questions according to the text:1.How many parts consist of a computer system? What are they?2.What are the key hardware elements in a computer system?3.What are the popular input devices?4.What's the function of memory?5.Why are the input/output and secondary storage units sometimes called peripheral devices？II. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word or terminology found behind this exercise:1. A ____ is a fast and accurate symbol manipulating system.2. A system can accept, store, and process data and output results under the direction of a stored ____ of instructions.3. The keyboard of a workstation connected online to a computer is an example of ____.4. The input/output and secondary storage units are sometimes called ____ devices.5. Larger and faster printers, many online workstations, and magnetic____ drives are commonly found in larger systems.6. Some input devices require data to be ____ on an input medium such as a magnetizable material.7. Output devices take out results from the CPU in machine ____ form.8. The heart of a computer system is ____.9. Key elements of a computer system include ____, input, processing and output devices.10. The popular output devices used for personal computer are ____a. recordedb. a direct input devicec. display screen and desktop printersd. computere. codedf. tapeg. CPU h. peripherali. memory j. programIII. Translate the following passage into Chinese：A computer system is a combination of components designed to process and store data. It comprises at least one input device, a processing unit, an output device, and a storage device, and may contain a communications device. The components include the CPU, buses, main memory (RAM and ROM) and peripherals.Unit 3 Fundamentals of Computer Software ExercisesI. Answer the following questions according to the text:6.What's the definition of software?7.Why is computer software so called?8.What's the definition of hardware?9.How many kinds of computer languages mentioned in the text? What are they?10.What's the function of system software?II. Classify the following software by three classes of software:a. Windows Vistab. BIOSc. Microsoft Wordd. Ce. AutoCADf. Microsoft Visual Basicg. MSN Messenger h. JavaBeansi. Photoshop j. FlashIII. Translate the following passage into Chinese：Computer software has to be "loaded" into the computer's storage (such as a hard drive, memory, or RAM). Once the software has loaded, the computer is able to execute the software. This involves passing instructions from the application software, through the system software, to the hardware which ultimately receives the instruction as machine code. Each instruction causes the computer to carry out an operation – moving data, carrying out a computation, or altering the control flow of instructions.Unit 4 Application Software ExercisesI. Answer the following questions according to the text:11.What's the difference between system software and application software?12.Why does the author make analogy to the relationship of an electric light bulb to an electric power generation plant?13.List the typical examples of 'software applications'.14.What is application suite?15.How did Microsoft solve the format compatibility of new Office Open XML document formats?II. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words or terminologies:a)The _________ is a computer program designed for a specific task or use.b)The _________ is system software tailored to a particular user's need, particularly an element of a software“package”.c) A _________ is the display, with multiple columns and rows, that such a program allows to be printed.d) A _________ is a single instruction in programming language that results in a series of instructions in machinelanguage.e) A _________ is a transparent object, especially a photographic slide that is viewed by light shining through itfrom behind or by projection.f) A _________ is an image on a transparent base for projection on a screen.g)_________ is a text-styling feature that is available in the Microsoft Office suite of products. It allows users tocreate stylized text with various "special effects" such as textures, outlines, and many other manipulations that are not available through the standard font formatting.h) A _________ (more formally known as document preparation system) is a computer application used for theproduction (including composition, editing, formatting, and possibly printing) of any sort of printable material.i)_________ is a term typically used to describe computer software for playing back multimedia files, includingboth audio and video files.j)In computing, a _________ is an application program that flags words in a document that may not be spelled correctly.III. Translate the following passage into Chinese：In computer science, an application is a computer program designed to help people perform a certain type of work. An application thus differs from an operating system (which runs a computer), a utility (which performs maintenance or general-purpose chores), and a programming language (with which computer programs are created). Depending on the work for which it was designed, an application can manipulate text, numbers, graphics, or a combination of these elements. Some application packages offer considerable computing power by focusing on a single task, such as word processing; others, called integrated software, offer somewhat less power but include several applications.Unit 5 Computer Network Knowledge ExercisesI．Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) in relation to the information in the text：1．When a start network is used, all the devices in the network are connected to a single cable.2．A ring network use a centralized host computer.3．Networks can be classified as either local area networks or wide area networks.4．Two common applications of local area networks are hardware resource sharing and information resource sharing.5．Communication networks are usually configured in one or a combination of three patterns.6．An advantage of a bus network is that it needs less cable.7．One disadvantage of a ring network is that if one node fails, the entire network fails because the data does not get past the failed node.8．A gateway could be used to connect a local area network of personal computers to a mainframe computer network.II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa：1．LAN 6．点对点2．W AN 7．通信信道3．star network 8．网络配置4．Broadband connection 9．数据网5．Multi-drop line 10．网桥III．Choose the best answers according to the text.1．When a ( ) is used, all the devices in the network are connected to a single cable.A．bus network B．ring networkC．star network D．network2．A ( ) contains a central computer named host computer.A．W AN B．star networkC．ring network D．network3．An advantage of a ring network is that it needs less ( ).A．computer B．networkC．cable D．information4．Two common applications of LANs are ( ) resource sharing and information resource sharing.A．software B．computerC．network D．hardwareIV．Translate the following passage into Chinese：Because Web servers are platform and application independent, they can transfer data from legacy or external applications including databases．All replies, once converted into HTML, can then be transmitted to a browser．I n this way, Intranets can offer lower desktop support costs, easy links with legacy applications and databases and, above all, ease of use.Unit 6 Multimedia Technologies ExercisesI. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa：1．Edutainment 6．声波文件2．Red Book 7．动画3．MIDI 8. 索引4．full-Motion Video 9. 静态图像5．image processing 10. 商业展示II. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrase s from the following words．Change the form where necessary：Words to be chosen from:hard disk full-motion storage capacity compress begin external resolutionvideo，such as the images portrayed in a television，can add even more to a multimedia application．Although full-motion video may sound like an ideal way to add a powerful message to a multimedia application，it is nowhere near the quality you would expect after watching television．Full-motion video is still in its stages on PCs，and it is limited in and ．Even with advanced methods ofdata ，full-motion video can suck up space faster than water falls when pouredout of a bucket．Right now，there are two major methods of incorporating full-motion video into a multimedia application：MicrosoftVideo for Windows，and Quick Time for Windows from Apple Computers．Both products come with tools for getting thevideo from an input (a video cassette recorder or a video camera) and storing it on your hard disk drive．III. Complete each of the following statements with one of the four choices given below：1．Many multimedia applications are based on the conversion of a book to a form．A．image B．computerizedC．animation D．sound2．The types of media in the technology of multimedia include ．A．text B．audio soundC．animation D．all of the above3．The formats of audio sound include ．A．read book audio (IEC 908) B．Window wave fileC．MIDI D．all of the above4．Video images take up a lot of disk space. To handle this ，some groups are looking atfor storage．A．hard disks B．floppy disksC．RAM D．optical discsIV. Translate the following passage into Chinese：Data Compression：Transmitting multimedia material in uncompressed form is completely out of the question．The only method is that massive compression is possible．All compression systems require two algorithms：onefor compressing the data at the source（encoding），and another for decompressing it at the destination（coding）．These algorithms have certain asymmetries，that is to say，a multimedia document will be encoded once but will be decoded thousands of times．On the other hand，for the real-time multimedia，such as video conferencing，slow encoding is unacceptable．Encoding must happen on the fly in real time．A second asymmetry is that the encode/decode process neednot be invertible，that is，when compressing a file，transmitting it，and then decompressing it．When the decoded outputis not exactly equal to the original input，the system is said to be lossy．If the input and output are identical，the system is lossless．Lossy systems are important because accepting a small amount of information loss can give a huge payoff in termsof the compression ratio possible．。