病机十九条英文翻译
病机十九条详解
“病机十九条”详解★诸风掉眩，皆属于肝★本条所讲到的是因“风”所至的“掉眩”病，所谓的掉眩，就是指眩晕病。
并且把病位所在落实到肝脏。
肝属木，五气属风。
风性动摇无定，所以中医上把一些动摇无定的病，都称为风病。
但临床上来看，动摇不定的眩晕病，不全是在于肝，但说到肝，主要指的是以肝风内动等病情而论。
如：肝热生风，肝阳化风，郁怒生风等等。
从病机上来说，主要是肝失所养，以至于肝中相火上冲为病，比如现在一些高血压病人。
乙癸同源，乙指木，是肝；癸指水，是肾。
指的是肝肾同源。
肝藏血，但肝中之血得有肾精所化生，肾精不足，肝血必不足。
有的人说枸杞子补眼睛，枸杞子是一味滋肾养精的药，肾精足了，肝血才能足，肝有血所养才能制约相火，相火潜于下，不上冲，才不会有肝风内动等病情发生。
掉眩病在其它方面的，《内经》就有“有上气不足，头为之苦晕，目为之眩”，这咱眩晕病的病因就是在于中气不足了。
脾胃为气机升降的枢纽，脾虚则中气不能上升，清阳不升，头不能得养，所以眩晕。
所以对于这种中气不足的眩晕病治疗，就不能以清肝潜阳来治了，得用相反的方向的治疗，可用补中益气汤来治临床上还有一种眩晕病的病机是因为湿，在《金匮要略》有“泽泻汤”利湿治晕的方法。
本人治疗过好些“美尼尔综合症”的病人，从病机上来看，主要也是因为痰湿为患，以六君子汤重用茯苓200克，再加牛膝等药为治，一般服药后一小时就可以缓解。
对于上述眩晕病的病机上来说，不仅仅是肝的问题。
所以治疗时得辨别出那种病机至关重要。
肝阳化风、肝风内动等肝脏所引起的眩晕病，临床上必还存在有心烦易怒等症状；而对于中气不足所至的眩晕，病人同时还会有气短、神疲无力、眩晕的感觉，是头里空空的等等鉴别；而对于因痰湿所至的，这种眩晕，头必重，是头上重重的晕。
★诸寒收引，皆属于肾★寒是病之因，“收引”，是指人的筋脉关节活动不利索的感觉。
冬天寒冷了，我们会觉得人会笨起来，活动也不方便，这都是因为寒的原因。
本条指出病位在于肾。
病机十九条解读
病机十九条解读《素问•至真要大论》：“愿闻病机如何？诸风掉眩，皆属于肝；诸寒收引，皆属于肾；诸气般郁，皆属于肺；诸湿肿满，皆属于脾；诸热替摸，皆属于火；诸痛痒疮，皆属于心；诸厥固泄；皆属于下；诸痿喘呕，皆属于上；诸禁鼓栗，如丧神守，皆属于火；诸痉项强，皆属于湿；诸逆冲上，皆属于火；诸胀腹大，皆属于热；诸躁狂越，皆属于火；诸暴强直，皆属于风；诸病有声，鼓之如鼓，皆属于热；诸病腑肿，疼酸惊骇，皆属于火；诸转反戾，水液浑浊，皆属于热；诸病水液，澄澈清冷，皆属于寒；诸呕吐酸，暴注下迫，皆属于热。
” 病机十九条是指《素问•至真要大论》对病机的十九条论述。
前人从实践中把某些类同的证候，归纳于某一病因或某一脏的围，作为辨证求因的依据，列为十九条。
其中，有五条谈脏的病机，有九条谈火热病机，有三条分别谈风湿寒病机，有两条分别上下病机。
病机是病能中的一部分，病机二字的意思，王冰解释为'‘病之机要”，利恒解释为"病之机括”，我们可以把它解释为引起疾病发生、症状出现与变化以及病情发展的原因与机理，与现代医学的"病理”有所近似。
病机十九条载于《经・素问》二十二卷七十四篇的"至真要大论病机十九条的容广泛，意义十分重要，它涉及病因（外感与伤）、出现各种症状的机理、众多症状之间在联系、辨证方法等，还通过一种病因能够引发几种不同症状与不同病因也能引发相同症状的现象，说明治疗疾病不能采用见症治症的简单方法，强调对于病因病机的了解分析，应该“审察病机, 无失气宜”，做到''谨守病机，各司其属”，才能达到''疏其气血，令其条达，而致和平”的治疗目的。
一、诸风獰眩，皆属于肝。
本条涉及的症状为“掉眩”，病因为"风”，病位所在的脏腑是"肝”。
肝属木，木生风，肝为风脏，风气通于肝，肝病可以生风，发生以动为特征的证候。
本条所论属于伤，所指乃肝病生风引发的掉眩症状，属于风畴，如：肝热生风，肝阳化风，郁勃生风，此为肝脏本身的病证，又肾者水脏，主水藏精，真阴所寄，阴即水也，木赖水涵，精化为血，血能养肝，若肾阴虚，水不涵木则木燥而生风，精虚血少，血不养肝则血虚而生风, 此乃病在肾而证在肝，乙癸同源，肾病及肝。
中医常用词汇英文翻译
中医常用词汇英文翻译01中医英语常用词汇英文翻译02气化不利dysfunction of qi in transformation畏寒喜热aversion to cold and preference for heat 气分热盛excessive heat at qi phase气郁化热stagnation of qi transforming into heat温养脏腑warming and nourishing the viscera瘀血阻络blood stasis obstructing the collaterals清肺润燥clearing the lung and moistening dryness破瘀通经breaking blood stasis to promote menstruation 内伤头疼headache due to internal injury祛瘀eliminating stasis, expelling stasis逆传心包reverse transmission into the pericardium气不摄血failure of qi to check the blood宁心安神calming the heart and tranquilizing the mind 血液循行circulation of the blood惊悸不安palpitation due to fright气的运动形式the moving styles of qi血液生成不足insufficient production of the blood平肝止血soothing the liver to stop bleeding血液亏虚deficiency of the blood离经之血abnormal flow of the blood津液的形状、功能与分布form, function, and distribution of the body fluid气血生化之源source for the production and transformation of qi and blood脉细无力thin and weak pulse肌肤干燥dry skin肌肤甲错squamous and dry skin血脉调和流畅smooth and normal flow of the blood脏腑火热炽盛exuberant fire and heat in the viscera机体正常水液normal fluid inside the body热迫血分heat invading the blood phase气滞津停retention of fluid due to stagnation of qi寒凝气滞stagnation of cold and qi身倦乏力lassitude气滞血瘀qi stagnation and blood stasis伤津脱液consumption and loss of the body fluid津液的营养和滋润作用the nourishing and moistening functions of the body fluid津液的生成、输布和排泄production, distribution, and excretion of the body fluid腹痛拒按unpalpable abdominal pain脾的“散精”功能the function of the spleen to “dissipate essence”津液不足insufficiency of the body fluid水液停聚retention of water奇经八脉eight extraordinary vessels, eight extraordinary meridians胃的“游溢精气”the function of the stoma ch to “distribute essence”津液生化匮乏scanty production of the body fluid津液的代谢平衡the metabolic balance of the body fluid热盛耗伤津液consumption of the body fluid due to excessive heat风为百病之长wind is the leading factor in causing various diseases水液代谢障碍disturbance of water metabolism气随津脱exhaustion of qi due to loss of body fluid水湿困脾dampness encumbering the spleen濡养肌肤moistening and nourishing the skin湿邪内盛exuberance of interior dampness经脉之海sea of meridians脾虚水肿edema due to spleen deficiency滋养脏腑moistening and nourishing the viscera运行全身气血transporting qi and blood in the whole body 十二经别twelve branches of meridians联络脏腑肢节connecting with viscera, limbs and joints经别divergent meridians循行路线running route经气meridian qi十二正经twelve regular meridians十二皮部twelve skin areas, twelve skin regions/divisions 经隧阻滞blockage of meridians十二经筋twelve meridian tendons经穴meridian acupoints, Jing-River acupoint饮食劳倦improper diet and overstrain经络辨证syndrome differentiation according to meridians 风寒感冒common cold due to wind-cold经络感传meridian conduction, channel transmission湿热泄泻diarrhea due to damp-heat经络现象meridian phenomena内生五邪five endogenous pathogenic factors经络阻滞blockage of meridians风邪外袭pathogenic wind attacking the superficies舒筋活络relaxing tendons and activating collaterals游走性关节疼痛migratory arthralgias刺血疗法blood-pricking therapy阳气衰退decline of yang-qi外感六淫attacked by six climate pathogenic factors六淫six climatic evils感受寒邪attacked by pathogenic cold经闭发肿amenorrhea with edema虚实夹杂deficiency complicated with excess, asthenia complicated with sthenia邪正盛衰predominance or decline of pathogenic factors and healthy qi寒性凝滞cold tending to stagnate by nature病症的虚实变化asthenia and sthenia changes of disease 腠理闭塞blockage of muscular interstices机体的抗病能力body resistance经脉拘急收引contraction of tendons五心烦热feverish sensation over the five centers湿邪困脾pathogenic dampness encumbering the spleen五心five centers (palms, soles and chest)疾病的发生、发展与变化occurrence, development and changes of disease生津安神promoting the production of body fluid and tranquilizing the mind体质强弱conditions of constitution蓄血发黄jaundice due to blood accumulation气血功能紊乱dysfunction of qi and blood脾阳不振inactivation of spleen yang阴阳偏盛大relative predominance of yin and yang阴虚生内热yin deficiency generating interior heat五志过极extreme changes of emotions热极生风extreme heat producing wind精气夺则虚depletion of essence causing deficiency七情内伤internal injury due to emotional disorder阴阳互损mutual consumption of yin and yang饮食不节improper diet真热假寒true heat and false cold暴饮暴食craputence气机郁滞不畅stagnation of qi activity神昏谵语coma and delirium津液代谢失常disorder of fluid metabolism四诊合参combined use of the four diagnostic methods寒热往来alternate attacks of chill and fever精神活动mental activities津伤化燥consumption of fluid transforming into dryness 面部表情facial expressions风火胁痛hypochondriac pain due to wind-fire精充气足sufficient essence and abundant qi口眼歪斜wry mouth with distorted eyes, facial distortion 预后良好favorable prognosis湿浊内生endogenous turbid dampness表情淡漠apathetic facial expressions虚火上炎flaming of asthenia-fire精神不振dispiritedness邪气内陷internal invasion of pathogenic factors神志不清unconsciousness大肠热结retention of heat in the large intestine轻宣润燥dispersing lung qi and moistening dryness心脉瘀阻blood stasis in the heart vessels四肢抽搐convulsion of the limbs镜面舌mirror-like tongue脏腑辨证syndrome differentiation of viscera饥不欲食hunger without desire for food病位与病性location and nature of disease脉有胃气pulse with stomach qi表里同病disease involving both the exterior and interior 清里泄热clearing away heat in the interior风热眩晕vertigo due to wind-heat寒证化热cold syndrome transforming into heat syndrome寒热错杂simultaneous occurrence of cold and heat舌淡苔白而润滑light-colored tongue with white and slippery coating表邪入里invasion of the exterior pathogenic factors into the interior祛风解痉expelling wind to relieve convulsion外感胃脘痛stomachache due to exogenous pathogenic factors 医.学全.在.线网站恶寒与恶热aversion to cold and aversion to heat潮热盗汗tidal fever and night sweating口干唇裂dry mouth with cracked lips高热谵妄high fever with delirium脉数无力rapid and weak pulse和血止痛regulating blood to alleviate pain寒邪郁而化热stagnation of pathogenic cold changing into heat 寒因寒用treating pseudo-cold syndrome with herbs of cold nature未病先防preventing measures taken before the occurrence of disease热因热用treating pseudo-heat syndrome with herbs of heat nature补气健脾invigorating qi and strengthening the spleen塞因塞用treating obstructive syndrome with tonifying therapy补血养心enriching blood to nourish the heart发汗解表relieving exterior syndrome by diaphoresis水气凌心water attacking the heart风热乳蛾tonsillitis due to wind-heat心悸多梦palpitation and dreaminess痰饮咳嗽cough due to fluid retention血为气母the blood serving as the mother of qi实热蕴结accumulation of sthenia-heat调摄精神regulating mental states舒肝和胃soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach 血脉流畅smooth circulation of blood清热泻火clearing away heat and reducing fire关节通利smooth movement of joints疏风泄热dispelling wind and reducing heat气机调畅free activity of qi行气消瘀activating qi to resolve stagnation益寿延年promoting longevity养血润肠nourishing the blood and moistening the intestine 治病求本treatment of disease must concentrate on the principle cause of disease因时、因地、因人制宜applying proper therapeutic measure in line with season, local conditions and individuality 急则治其标relieving the secondary symptoms first in treating acute disease缓则治其本relieving the primary symptoms in treating chronic disease通腑泄热purging fu-organs to eliminate heat燥湿化痰drying dampness and resolving phlegm标本兼治treatment focusing on relieving both the secondary and primary symptoms正虚邪实asthenia of healthy qi and sthenia of pathogenic factors痰湿壅肺accumulation of phlegm-dampness in the lung血枯经闭amenorrhea due to blood exhaustion祛虫消积removing parasites to eliminate accumulation 中医英语翻译常用词汇英汉对照03。
病机十九条
病机十九条语出《素问·至真要大论》。
前人把疾病某些类同得症候,归纳于某一病因或某一肺得范围内,作为辨证求因依据,列为十九条,其中属于六淫得十三条,属于五脏得六条。
掌握这些病机,对一些比较复杂得症状起有执简驭繁得作用,但它只就是一种粗略得分类归纳,临证必须联系具体病情,全面分析,才能切合实际。
病机十九条就是:(1)诸风掉眩,皆属于肝。
意指一般得内风疾患,出现头目昏花,肢体动摇等症状,多用肝得病变。
(２)诸寒收引,皆属于肾。
意指一般得阴寒内盛,出现筋脉挛急,关节屈伸不利(兼见面色晄白,形寒肢冷,小便清等),多属肾得病变。
(3)诸气膹郁,皆属于肺、意指一般因上焦气机不利而出现呼吸迫促,胸部痞塞得症状,多属肺得病变、(4)诸湿肿满,皆属于脾。
意指一般水湿潴留而出现浮肿胀满得症状,多属脾得病变、(5)诸热“瞀瘛",皆属于火。
意指一般热病出现神志昏迷,抽搐症状,多属火证。
(6)诸痛痒疮,皆属于心。
意指一般皮肤疮疡,出现焮热疼痛瘙痒得症状,多属心火炽盛,血分有热所致、(７)诸厥“固泄”,皆属于下。
意指一般得厥逆、便秘,泄泻等症候,多用下焦得病变、(8)诸痿喘呕,皆属于上。
意指一般得痿症、气喘、呕吐等症候,多属上部肺胃得病变。
(９)诸痉鼓栗,如丧神守,皆属于火、意指一般热病出现口噤、寒战鼓栗,神志失常等,多属火证。
(10)诸痉项强,皆属于湿。
意指一般身体强直或颈项强硬,转动障碍,多属湿证(湿浊伤于筋脉肌膜)。
(11)诸腹胀大,皆属于热。
意指一般腹部坚硬胀满(兼见便秘、尿涩、烦热、口苦等),多属热证、(１2)诸逆冲上,皆属于火。
意指一般气逆上冲,如连声响亮得呃逆、喷射状呕吐等,多属火证。
(1３)诸躁狂越,皆属于火。
意指一般出现烦躁发狂,举动失常得症状,多属火证。
(14)诸暴强直,皆属于风、意指一般突然出现筋脉强直拘挛得症状,多属风证。
(15)诸病有声,鼓之如鼓,皆属于热。
意指一般出现腹胀肠鸣,叩之有鼓音,多属于热。
《黄帝内经》病机十九条原文译文
《素问·至真要大论》，是中医诊断和治疗疾病的基本准则。
内经原文：帝曰：“愿闻病机何如？”岐伯曰：“诸风掉眩，皆属于肝；诸寒收引，皆属于肾；诸气膹郁，皆属于肺；诸 湿肿满，皆属于脾；诸热瞀瘈，皆属于火（心）；诸痛痒疮，皆属于心（火）；诸厥 固泄，皆属于下；诸痿喘呕，皆属于上；诸禁鼓栗， 如丧神守 ，皆属于火；诸痉 项强，皆属于湿；诸逆冲上，皆属于火； 诸胀腹大 ，皆属于热；诸燥狂越，皆属于火；诸暴强直，皆属于风；诸病有声，鼓之如鼓，皆属于热；诸病胕肿， 疼酸惊骇，皆属于火；诸转反戾， 水液浑浊，皆属于热；诸病水液，澄彻清冷，皆属于寒；诸呕吐酸，暴注下迫，皆属于热。
”故大要曰：“谨守病机，各司其属，有者求之，无者求之，盛者责之，虚者责之，必先五胜 ，疏其血气，令其调达，而致和平，此之谓也。
”如将原文顺序进行适当调整，并归纳为：五脏病机五条；上下病机二条；风、寒、湿病机三条；火病机五条；热病机四条。
则便于记忆。
其口诀是：五脏上下风寒湿，火五热四要记清。
诸风掉眩，皆属于肝本 条涉及的症状为“掉眩”，病因为“风”，病位所在的脏腑是“肝”。
肝属木，木生风，肝为风脏，风气通于肝，肝病可以生风，发生以动为特征的证候。
本条所论 属于内伤，所指乃肝病生风引发的掉眩症状，属于内风范畴，如：肝热生风，肝阳化风，郁勃生风，此为肝脏本身的病证，又肾者水脏，主水藏精，真阴所寄，阴即 水也，木赖水涵，精化为血，血能养肝，若肾阴内虚，水不涵木则木燥而生风，精虚血少，血不养肝则血虚而生风，此乃病在肾而证在肝，乙癸同源，肾病及肝。
常 用的如辛凉化风、清热熄风、疏肝平肝、养血柔肝、滋阴平肝，或参介类以潜，石类以镇，或佐通络治掉等治法，俱按上述不同的证候与病机辨证以进，肝病如此， 他脏之病亦如此，推此及彼，举一反三，细细推敲，必有所获。
掉眩也有病不在肝者，如《内经·素问》有上气不足，头为之苦晕，目为之眩的记载，在《 金匮要略》中亦有郁冒证的论述。
中医英语术语翻译重点
中医英语术语翻译重点天人相应Correspondence of human body and natural environment辨证论治treatment based onsyndrome differentiation针灸acupuncture and moxibustion寒凉药物herbs cold and cool in nature滋阴降火nourishing yin and reducing fire整体观念concept of holism开窍(of the five zang-organs) open into生长化收藏sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store同病异治different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease 异病同治same therapeutic method used to treating different diseases 从阴引阳drawing yang from yin阴平阳秘balance of yin and yang寒极生热extreme cold generating heat热极生寒 extreme heat gernerating cold病机总纲general rule of pathogenesis祛风散寒eliminating wind and dispersing cold实则泻之treating excess syndromes with reduction虚寒证deficiency cold syndrome实热症 excess heat syndrome潜阳熄风suppressing yang and eliminating wind补其不足 supplement insufficiency泻其有余 reduce excess五行学说the theory of five elements木曰曲直wood characterized by bending and straightening火曰炎上fire characterized by flaring up土爰稼穑earth characterized by sowing and reaping金曰从革metal characterized by clearing and changing水曰润下water characterized by moistening and descending母病及子illness of mother viscera affecting the child one子病及母illness of child viscera affecting the mother one相乘相侮over restriction and counter-restriction心火亢盛exuberant fire in the heart肾阳式微declination of kidney yang平肝和胃soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach水火不济between water and fire奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs藏象学说the theory of visceral manifestation藏而不泻storage without discharge泻而不藏discharge without storage形体诸窍physical build and various orifices其华在面the luster manifesting upon the face满而不实 full but not to be solid实而不满solid but not to be full心主血脉heart governing blood and vessels肺司呼吸lung controlling breathing脾主运化spleen governing transportation and transformation肝主疏泄liver controlling conveyance and dispersion肾主藏精kidney governing storing essence面色无华lusterless complexion汗血同源sweat and blood sharing the same origin升降出入ascending, descending, going out and going in宣发肃降dispersion, purification and descent后天之本acquired base of life肝气逆上upward adverse flow of liver qi先天之精innate essence奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs孤俯isolated fu-organ腐熟水谷digest water and food七冲门the seven important portals胆主决断The gallbladder is responsible for making judgment泌别清浊separating the lucid from the turbid大肠主津The large intestine governs thin body fluid小肠主液The small intestine governs thick body fluid先天禀赋innateness温养腑脏warming and nourishing the viscera津血同源body fluid and blood sharing the same origin气为血帅，血为气母Qi commands the blood and the blood carries qi.益气固脱nourishing qi to stop collapse奇经八脉eight extraordinary vessels十二经筋tendons of the twelve regular meridians舒经活络soothing meridians and activating collaterals刺络拔罐collateral pricking and cupping therapy腠理闭塞stagnation of interstitial space湿邪困脾pathogenic dampness obstructing the spleen外感六淫six excesses pathogenic factors饮食劳倦mproper diet and overstrain阳常有余，阴常不足Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient. 四大经典Four GreatClassic:Huangdi s Canon of Medicine黄帝内经Classic of Difficulties难经Shennong s Classic of Materia Medica神农本草经Rreatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases伤寒杂病论四气four properties:cold,,hot,warm,cool五味five flavors:sour,bitter,sweet,pungent,salty(中药)七情seven conditions of ingredients in prescriptionsSingle effect,mutual reinforcement,mutual assistance,mutual restraint,mutual inhibition,mutual antagonism,mutual suppression寒凉派Liu Wansu-School of Cold and Cool攻下派Zhang Congzheng-School of Purgation补土派Li Gao-School of Reinforcing the Earth滋阴派Zhu Zhenheng-School of Nourishing Yin辛温中药herbs pungent in taste and warm in nature辛凉中药herbs pungent in taste and cool in narure向日为阳，背日为阴The side facing the sun belongs to yang and the reverse side to yin,血液常行的前提条件：心气充沛，血液充盈，脉道通利Normal circulation of blood:abundance of heart qi,sufficiency of blood,vessels are prerequisite.四气；元气primordial qi，宗气pectoral qi，营气nutrient qi，卫气defensive qi 内生五邪；内风，内寒，内湿，内燥，内火Five internal excesses;internal wind.internal cold,internal dampness,inrenal dryness,internal fire内伤七情Internal injury due to sevenemotions;joy,anger,anxiety,thought,sorrow,fear,fright怒则气上，喜则气缓，悲则气消，恐则气下，惊则气乱。
中医的专业术语英文翻译
中医的专业术语英⽂翻译 ⼤家在写中医论⽂时候常常遇到⼀些不容易翻译的词汇，yjbys⽹整理了中医的专业术语英⽂翻译，⽅便⼤家写作。
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中国医药学：traditional Chinese medicine 中医基础理论:basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine 临床经验:clinical experience 辨证论治:treatment based on syndrome differentiation 本草:materia medica //medicinal herbs 中药Chinese herbs 四⽓五味:four properties and five tastes 针灸acupuncture and moxibustion 各家学说theories of different schools 汗法: diaphoresis /diaphoretic therapy 下法:purgative therapy 吐法:emetic therapy 补⼟派:school of invigorating the earth 病因学说:theory of etiology 养⽣:health-cultivation 医疗实践medical practice 治疗原则:therapeutic principles 寒凉药物:herbs of cold and cool nature 滋阴降⽕:nourishing yin to lower fire 瘀⾎致病:disease caused by blood stasis 先天之精:congenital essence ⽓的运动变化:movement and changes of qi 形与神俱:inseparability of the body and spirit 神明: spirit/mental activity 脏腑:zang-organs and fu-organs/viscera 功能活动:functional activities 形神统⼀:unity of the body and spirit 阴阳失调:imbalance of yin and yang 正邪相争:struggle between healthy qi and pathogenic factors 治未病prevention of disease 调养 to cultivate health 正⽓ healthy qi 病邪 pathogenic factor 疾病的防治 prevention and treatment of disease 整体观念 concept of holism 五脏five zang-organs 六腑six fu-organs 经络系统system of meridians and collaterals 形神统⼀unity of the body and spirit 有机整体organic wholeness 表⾥关系exterior and interior relation 开窍opening into ⽣长化收藏five element function 脉象pulse conditions 正邪关系the states of pathogenic factors and healthy qi ⾃然现象natural phenomena 哲学概念philosophical concept 对⽴统⼀unity and opposites 相互消长mutual waning and waxing 阴阳属性nature of yin and yang 相互转化mutual transformation 相互联系interrelation 相互制约mutual restraint 动态平衡dynamic balance 阴平阳秘yin and yang in equilibrium 阳消阴长 yang waning and yin waxing 阴胜则阳病predominance of yin leading to disorder of yang 阳胜则热 predominance of yang generating heat 寒极⽣热 extreme cold generating heat 热极⽣寒extreme heat generating cold 相反相成 opposite and supplementary to each other ⽣理功能physiological functions 病理变化pathological changes 临床诊断clinical diagnosis 有机整体organic wholeness/entirety 正邪⽃争struggle between healthy qi and pathogenic factors 绝对偏盛absolute predominance 阳虚则寒yang deficiency leading to cold 阳损及阴consumption of yang involving yin 阴液不⾜insufficiency of yin-fluid 病机pathogenesis 五⾏学说theory of five elements 运动变化motion and variation 条达舒畅free development 相⽣相克mutual generation and restriction ⽣我我⽣to be generated and to generate 克我我克to be restricted and to restrict ⽣中有制restriction within generation 克中有⽣generation within restriction ⽊⽈曲直Wood is characterized by growing freely and peripherally ⽕⽈炎上Fire is characterized by flaming up ⼟⽈稼穑Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping ⾦⽈从⾰Metal is characterized by change ⽔⽈润下Water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing ⽅位配五⾏correspondence of the directions to the five elements 相乘相侮over-restriction and reverse restriction ⼟乘⽊The wood over-restrains the earth ⼟虚⽊乘 Earth deficiency leading to over-restriction by wood ⾦虚⽊侮metal deficiency leading to counter-restriction by wood ⽣克制化interrelationship between generation and restriction 制则⽣化restriction ensuring generation 传变transmission of disease 母病及⼦disease of the mother-organ affecting the child-organ ⼦病犯母disease of the child-organ affecting the mother-organ 肝肾精⾎不⾜insufficiency of kidney and liver essence and blood 肝阳上亢hyperactivity of liver yang 藏象学说 theory of visceral manifestations 五脏六腑 five zang-organs and six fu-organs 奇恒之府 extraordinary fu-organs ⽔⾕精微 cereal nutrients 传化⽔⾕ transmissions and transformation of food 贮藏精⽓ storage of essence 表⾥关系 interior and exterior relationship 治疗效应 curative effect 临床实践 clinical practice 藏⽽不泻 storage without excretion ⼼肝⾎虚deficiency of heart and liver blood ⼼肝⽕旺exuberance of heart and liver fire ⼼⽕亢盛exuberance of heart fire 滋肾养肝nourishing the kidney and liver 肝阴不⾜insufficiency of the liver yin 温肾健脾warming the kidney and strengthening the spleen 肾阳式微declination of kidney yang 脾阳不振inactivation of spleen yang 肝旺脾虚hyperactivity of the liver and weakness of the spleen 脾胃虚弱weakness of the spleen and stomach 平肝和胃soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach ⽔湿停聚retention of water-dampness 肾阴不⾜insufficiency of kidney yin ⼼肾不交disharmony between the heart and kidney ⽔⽕不济discordance between water and fire 阴阳俱损simultaneous consumption of yin and yang 阴阳两虚simultaneous deficiency of both yin and yang 损其有余reducing excess 补其不⾜supplementing insufficiency 阴中求阳obtaining yang from yin 虚寒证deficiency-cold syndrome 扶阳益⽕strengthening yang to increasing fire 祛风散寒eliminating wind to dispersing cold 消导积滞promoting digestion and removing food retention 潜阳息风suppressing yang to quench wind 阴阳的互根互⽤interdependence of yin and yang 相互依存interdependence。
病机双语
二、阴阳失调
Imbalance between yin and yang
阴阳失调，即阴阳之间失去平衡协 调的简称，是指在疾病的发生发展过程 中，由于各种致病因素的影响，导致机 体的阴阳双方失去相对的平衡协调而在 于出现的阴阳偏胜、偏衰、互损、格拒、 亡失等一系列病理变化。
（一）阴阳偏胜
阴阳偏胜，是指人体阴阳二气中 某一方的病理性亢盛状态，属“邪 气盛则实”的实性病机。 1 阳偏胜yang excess 2阴偏胜yin excess
（3）气陷qi collapse：指气的上升不足 或下降太过，以气虚升举无力而下陷为 特征的一种病理状态。 （4）气闭qi blockage：即气机闭阻，外 出严重障碍，以致清窍闭塞，出现昏厥 的一种病理状态。 （5）气脱qi exhaustion，即气不内守， 大量向外亡失，以致生命机能突然衰竭 的一种病理状态。
（四）阴阳格拒
repellence between yin and yang
1 阴 盛 格 阳 predominant rejecting yang yin
2 阳 盛 格 阴 predominant rejecting yin
yang
（五）阴阳亡失exhaustion of yin or yang
寒从中生，又称“内寒endogenous cold”， 是指机体阳气虚衰，温煦气化功能减退，虚 寒湿浊内生dampness originating from interior
湿浊内生dampness originating from interior， 又称“内湿endogenous dampness”，是指由于脾气 的运化水液功能障碍而引起湿 浊蓄积停滞的病理状态。
（一）邪正盛衰与虚实变化
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（1）诸风掉眩，皆属于肝。
意指一般的内风疾患，出现头目昏花，肢体动摇等症状，多用肝的病变。
All wind with vertigo and shaking is ascribed to the liver.
（2）诸寒收引，皆属于肾。
意指一般的阴寒内盛，出现筋脉挛急，关节屈伸不利（兼见面色晄白，形寒肢冷，小便清等），多属肾的病变。
All cold with contraction is ascribed to the kidney.
（3）诸气膹郁，皆属於肺。
意指一般因上焦气机不利而出现呼吸迫促，胸部痞塞的症状，多属肺的病变。
All qi rushing and oppression is ascribed to the lung.
（4）诸湿肿满，皆属於脾。
意指一般水湿潴留而出现浮肿胀满的症状，多属脾的病变。
All dampness syndromes with swelling and fullness are ascribed to the spleen.
（5）诸热“瞀瘛”，皆属於火。
意指一般热病出现神志昏迷，抽搐症状，多属火证。
All fever with impaired consciousness and convulsion is ascribed to fire.
（6）诸痛痒疮，皆属於心。
意指一般皮肤疮疡，出现焮热疼痛瘙痒的症状，多属心火炽盛，血分有热所致。
All painful and itching sores are ascribed to the heart.
（7）诸厥“固泄”，皆属於下。
意指一般的厥逆、便秘，泄泻等症候，多用下焦的病变。
All cold extremities,constipation and diarrhea are ascribed to the lower part.
（8）诸痿喘呕，皆属於上。
意指一般的痿症、气喘、呕吐等症候，多属上部肺胃的病变。
All atrophy,dyspnea and vomiting are ascribed to the upper part.
（9）诸痉鼓栗，如丧神守，皆属於火。
意指一般热病出现口噤、寒战鼓栗，神志失常等，多属火证。
All trismus with shivering chills and delirium is 生活充满了色彩，但是蒙着一层雾需要你的拨开
ascribed to fire.
（10）诸痉项强，皆属於湿。
意指一般身体强直或颈项强硬，转动障碍，多属湿证（湿浊伤於筋脉肌膜）。
（11）诸腹胀大，皆属於热。
意指一般腹部坚硬胀满（兼见便秘、尿涩、烦热、口苦等），多属热证。
All abdominal distension and fullness is ascribed to heat.
（12）诸逆冲上，皆属於火。
意指一般气逆上冲，如连声响亮的呃逆、喷射状呕吐等，多属火证。
All disorders with upward perversion are ascribed to fire.
（13）诸躁狂越，皆属於火。
意指一般出现烦躁发狂，举动失常的症状，多属火证。
All states of agitation and mania are ascribed to fire.
（14）诸暴强直，皆属於风。
意指一般突然出现筋脉强直拘挛的症状，多属风证。
All sudden muscular spasm and rigidity is ascribed to wind.
（15）诸病有声，鼓之如鼓，皆属於热。
意指一般出现腹胀肠鸣，叩之有鼓音，多属於热。
All abdominal distension like a drum with borborygmi is ascribed to heat.
（16）诸病“跗肿”，疼酸惊骇，皆属於火。
意指一般出现下肢足背浮肿而有酸疼的感觉，又见心神不安，惊骇的症状，多属火证。
（17）诸转“反戾”，水液浑浊，皆属於热。
意指一般的抽筋、角弓反张，肢体强直而小便混浊的，多居热证。
（18）诸病水液，澄澈清冷，皆属於寒。
意指一般体内排出的水液，如果是淡薄透明而又寒冷的，多属寒证。
All thin,clear and watery dischange is ascribed to cold.
（19）诸呕吐酸，暴注下迫，皆属於热。
意指一般呕吐物有酸臭腐味或较急的喷射状腹泻而有里急后重感
觉的，多属热证。
All acid eructation and spouting
diarrhea with urgency for evacuation are ascribed to heat.。