2015年7月全国自考外语教学法预测题和答案

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三套全国自考外语教学法试卷及答案

三套全国自考外语教学法试卷及答案（每套题目的答案在每篇的后面，请仔细核对，也可ctrl + F 搜索）全国自考外语教学法试卷及答案1一,单项选择题1 .Stimulus-response theory of learning belongs to American behaviourist psychology, of which _____ i s one of the representatives-Bloomfield2.In Chomsk/s theory, language competence refers to knowledge of grammar rules, while language performance refers to ______ .(A)3. T he Grammar-Translation Method was at one time called used in the teaching of the classical languages of Latin and Greek. (A)4. __________________________________________________________ B ritish "structuralism” linguists believed that elements in a language were ________ , that is, lower level systems of word classes led to higher level systems of phrases and sentences.(D) leveled(A) (B) B . F. Skinner(C) Charles Fries(D) Noam Chomskysentence patterns(B) drilling practice(C) application of language(D) stimulus and response(B) mim-men method(C) Audiolingual Method(D) Classical Methodsince it was first aural-oral method(A) classified(B) rule-governed(C) varied5. ____ provided the methodological foundation for materials for the teaching and its principles formed the basis of such widely used series as English 900 and Success With English.(A)The Direct Method(B)The Oral Approach(C)The Audiolingual Method(D)The Communicative Approach6.The objectives of the Cognitive Approach are ____ .(A)to develop in the students the native-like competence(B)to develop intuitive thinking and enable to learn from errors fbr learners(C)to develop strategies of language use(D)all of the above7.Which of the following dose FLTM NOT do?(A)FLTM examines the practices and procedures in FLT.(B)FLTM studies approaches, methods and techniques.(C)FLTM trains teachers of FLT.(D)FLTM studies principles and beliefs that underlie them.8.The role of the teacher in a Communicative Approach classroom are _____ .(A) a facilitator of students* learning(B) a manager of classroom activity(C)an advisor of students1 questions(D)all of the above9.The Direct Method emphasizes the importance of ____ .(A)written language(B)spoken language(C)listening ability(D)translation10.The two categories of meaning of language proposed by Wilkins are _____ .(A)notions and functions(B)notions and forms(C)forms and functions(D)genera! and specific1 l.The discourse theory was put forward by ______ .(A)Krashen(B)Palmer(C)Bloomfield(D)Hatch12. _____ in interested not only in describing language but also in explaining language.(A)The systemic linguistics(B)The generative linguistics(C)The structural linguistics(D)The traditional linguistics13.The Silent Way is considered suitable for _____ .(A)more advanced learners(B)beginners(C)more advanced classes and beginners(D)learners interaction with each other14.1n The Principles of Language Study (1921), Palmer put forward nine fundamental principles of good language teaching and learning, of which ______ was the first and most important.(A)reinforcement and response(B)habit-formation(C)form and meaning(D)meaning and situation15.______________________________________ The schema theory is an important element in ____________________________ , which is action-based, more concerned with the process of learning than what is learnt.(A)Brunners theory(B)Ausubcls theory(C)Kellys theory(D)Piagets theory填空题一为题目类型16.Diller's first principle that a living language is characterized by rule-governedimplies the teaching of a language as a consciously learnt system.17.The _____ Method views that the syllabus is arranged semantically according to situations or topics.18.The _____ Method emphasizes that written should be graded in the following sequence: reproduction of familiar reading texts, reproduction of narratives orally presented by the teacher and free composition.19.The Oral Approach believes that language learning in real life is for the acquisition of spoken language while language learning in the classroom is for the development of .20.The _____ Approach believes primary importance is attached to meaning, context and situation.21.According to Audiolingnalism, there are three crucial elements in learning: a stimulus, a response and _____ .22.The _____ Approach emphasizes on innate organizing principles in human perception and learning.23.Chomsky divides the grammar of a natural language into core grammar andgrammar.24.Yaldcn thinks that more effective foreign language learning will take place if the emphasis is on _____ .25.The _____ Approach emphasizes on the communicative competence.26.Krashen,s _____ order hypothesis states that we acquire the rules of language in a predictable order, some rules tending to come early and other late.27.Krashen f s monitor hypothesis states that learning has only one function, and that is as a _____ .28-BI OOITI field believed that speech was primary and _____ was secondary.29.According to the affective filter hypothesis: _____ , self-confidence, and anxiety determines the speed of success in language learning.30.The general objective of the Total Physical Response method is to teach oral at a beginning level.3 l.J. R. Firth's main approach to the notion of function in context was by means of concept system. People refer to his theory as ______ t heory.32.________________________________ According to the Cognitive Approach, ______________________________________ practice is the main form of classroom teaching.33. _________________ Krashen uses the hypothesis to explain the relationship between languageinput and language acquisition and to answer the question of how people acquire languages.34. The British structuralism considered that language was identified with speech and speech ability was approached through oral practice of _____ .35.In the Oral Approach, Palmer insisted that there was a basic difference between the spontaneous capacities of human beings to ______ language naturally andunconsciously and the trained or n situational n capacities of the classroom learnerwhich allowed him to learn language consciously.1) _____ Verbal Behavior 2) _______ Communicative English for Chinese learners 3) The Scientific Study and Teaching of English (1917) 4) Communicate (1979) 5) Notional Syllabuses (1976) a) Palmer b) Skinner e)Li Xiaoju d) Morrow and Johnson e) Wilkins36.1)37.2)38.3)39.4)40.5)1) _____ Noam Chomsky 2) _____ D. A. Wilkins 3) ______ P iaget 4) _____ Hymes5) _____ Stephen Krashen a) cognitive theory of learning b) communicativecompetence e) Transformational Generative Linguistics d) the monitor hypothesis e) function-notion syllabus design41.1)42.2)43.3)44.4)45.5)1) _____ Bloomfield 2) _____ Chomsky 3) _____ Halliday 4)5) _____ Freud a) transformational generative linguistics b) American structuralism c) psychoanalysis d) behaviourism e) functional linguistics46.1)47.2)48.3)49.4)50 5) 配对题一为目类型Skinner简答题一为题目类型51How useful are the techniques used by a cognitive teacher to your English teaching and learning experience?52.How do you understand the concept of "direct" in the Direct Method?53 What is the fbcus of a Grammar-Translation classroom?54.Does it make sense to you that language learning results from habit-fbrmation? Why or why not?55What are the five hypotheses of the monitor theory?56What are the reasons for the rise and foil of the Audiolingual Method?论述题一为题目类型57.According to the Audiolingual Method, should dialogues be memorized through mimicry of the teacher's model? Why or why not?58.Do you think the Direct Method could be used by all foreign language teachers at all levels? Why or why not?答案1-5BCDBC 6-10DCDBA 11-15DBCBD16> creativity17、Direct18、Direct19、literacy20> Oral21> reinforcement22> Cognitive23> peripheral24> communication25 > Communicative26、natural27> monitor28、writing29、motivation30、proficiency31、system-structure32、language33、input34> structures35、acquire36、b37、c38、a39、d40、e41、c 42、e43、a44、b45、d46、b47、a48、e49、d50、c51、The rule learning, meaningful practice and creativity are the focus of English teaching and learning experience. Using these techniques is to help the learner to understand English as a system, and to master the meaningful material, then to achieve successful communication. These techniques used by a cognitive teacher can stimulate learners subjective activity and creativity, and raise their language competence and language performance. By using these techniques, the teacher can achieve the objectives of English teaching and learning experience: to develop in the students the nativc-likc competence; to develop intuitive thinking in learners: to develop strategies of language use; to enable the students to learn from errors52、The Direct Method assumes that meanings of the target language should be connected directly with the physical world: its actions, objects, persons, situations, etc. without translating or referring to the learners' mother tongue. Only the target language should be used in the classroom in communicating meaning. Foreign language learning should follow the natural process of first language acquisition where direct association between language forms and meanings is established.53> The focus of a Grammar-Translation classroom is the teaching of the foreign language grammar. Grammar is the core of language, and the teaching materials are arranged according to the grammatical system. The processing of learning grammar is considered as an important means of training mental abilities.54、To a certain extent, language learning results from habit-formation. The model of stimulus-response—reinforcement accounts fbr how a human being learns a language. In learning language, the stimulus is what is taught (language input), the response is the learner's reaction to the stimulus, and the reinforcement is the praise of the teacher or fellow students. The habit is the result of stimulus, correct response and reward again and again. The more frequently this happens, the stronger the habit becomes. Languagelearning is a process of acquiring a set of language stimulus-response chains, amechanical process of habit formation.55、They are the acquisition-learning hypothesis, the monitor hypothesis, the natural order hypothesis, the input hypothesis, and the affective falter hypothesi56、Audiolingual Method comes from the theories and ideas of behaviourism and structuralism. It was very popular in the 1950s. Towards the end of the 1950s, transformational generative linguistics started a war against it and finally brought it down from its dominant position.57、No, dialogues should not be memorized through mimicry of the teacher's model. A dialogue is an individual case of language communication, between two persons. It only tells the students that when the participants play a certain kind of social role, in a certain kind of situation,about a certain topic, conversation goes that way. Dialogues are thought to provide meaningful context for the key structures and to illustrate situations in which those structures might be used. Here, meaning is the center of a dialogue, and human communication varies. No dialogue is held in exactly the same way, in the same kind of situation and about the same topic. Students do not have to memorize the teacher” s model. Students should try their best to develop their language competence, including communicative competence, discourse competence and strategic competence etc. so that they can use the target language 、communicatively.58、No, we don't think so. The Direct Method requires native-speaker teachers or teachers who have native-speaker-1 ike fluency in the target language. In the Direct Method classroom, the teacher should present sections of a text or the whole text by direct association between the target language and meaning. The teacher should deal with specific language items which the students ask her to explain. The teacher should ask comprehension questions about the text, making sure that students have a thorough understanding of the text. The teacher should ask students questions about every day life, etc. In a word, in the Direct Method classroom, teachers should have a high ability to use the target language organizing the classroom activities. The Direct Method places a high demand on the teachers.全国自考外语教学法试卷及答案2二单项选择题1.The discourse theory was established by _____ in the late 1970s and developed from M. A. K. Halliday's theory of first language acquisition.(A ) E. Hatch(B ) M.A.K. Halliday(C ) Stephen Krashen(D ) Joseph H. Greenberg2.The 1920s saw the emergence of a new psychological school called ______ founded by a group of psychologists.(A ) cognitive psychology(B ) behaviourist psychology(C ) psychoanalysis(D ) Gestalt psychology3.Stimulus-response theory of learning belongs to American behaviourist psychology, of which _____ is one of the representatives.(A ) Bloomfield(B ) B . F . Skinner(C ) Charles Fries(D ) Noam Chomsky4.In Grammar-Translation Method, ______ is maintained as the reference system in the learning of the second language.(A ) the first language(B ) the second language(C ) the target language(D ) the foreign language5.The Direct Method teachers believe that direct association of _____ is of great importance in language teaching.(A ) pronunciation and spelling(B ) words and spelling(C ) words and grammar(D ) form and meaning6._____ w as developed in the late 19th century.(A ) The Grammar-Translation Method(B ) The Direct Method(C ) The Oral Approach(D ) The Audiolingual Method7.Palmer, the British applied linguist, produced a guide to the English vocabulary needed for teaching English as a foreign language. The words are chosen for the following criteria EXCEPT _____ .(A ) they are the words most frequently used by people whose native language is English(B ) they include words useful to build other words(C ) they include all the structural words(D ) they include all the descriptive words8.The combination of structural linguistic theory, aural-oral procedures, and behaviourist psychology led to _____ , which was widely adopted fbr teaching of foreign languages in America.(A ) Situational Language Teaching(B ) Classical Method(C ) Audiolingual Method(D ) Cognitive Approach9.According to Krashen, _____ is responsible for the fluency of the utterancesproduced by speakers while learning is responsible for the accuracy of the speeches or passages.(A ) practising(B ) analysing(C ) acquisition(D ) habit-fbrmation10.The core of _____ is language acquisition which is considered a subconscious process, dependent on the amount of input the students get and allow in.(A ) The Direct Method(B ) The Audiolingual Method(C ) The Cognitive Approach(D ) The Natural Approach11.According to Piaget, there are two principal types of cognitive structures which he called _____ .(A ) schemas and concepts(B ) conscious mind and unconscious mind(C ) stimulus and response(D ) response and consequence12.The role of the learner in a Communicative Approach classroom are _____•(A ) a negotiator(B ) a communicator(C ) an independent learner (D ) all of the above13.Discourse theory of second language acquisition was developed from the _____.(A ) habit formation theory(B ) Hallidays theory of first language acquisition(C ) monitor theoiy(D ) Cognitive theory14. ____ is sometimes called the modem version of Grammar-Translation Method.(A ) The Cognitive Approach(B ) The Classical Method(C ) The Communicative Approach(D ) The Direct Method15. ____ is the most practical one among the following foreign language teaching methods in China.(A ) Three Dimensional Approach(B ) The ASSRF Approach(C ) Dual Activity Method(D ) Zhang Sizhong Method二填空题16.The two forerunners of the American Structuralism, which flourished at the beginning of the 20th century in America, are ______ a nd ______ .17.B. F. Skinner was regarded as the leader of _____ •18-According to Chomsk/s ideas about language acquisition, ______ learn language by being exposed to it.19.The traditional linguistics was started by the_____ i n the ______ century B. C.20.____ linguistics is concerned with language as an instrument of social interaction rather than a system that is isolated.21.Chomsky noted the distinction between linguistic _____ a nd linguistic performance.22.The idea of conditioning is based on the theory that you can train an animal to do anything if you follow a certain procedure which has three major stages: ______ ,_____ and reinforcement.23.The two major types of cognitive structures are _____ and concepts-24.The generative linguist is interested not only in describing language but asloin _____ language. In other words, they attempt to find the _____ as well as the whyin the study of language.25Jn 1882, _____ ublishcd a pamphlet which started the reform ______ .26.The British structuralism considered that language was identified with speech and speech ability was approached through oral practice of _____ •27.In 1957, Chomsky published his book _____ .28-By Chomsky's ideas about language acquisition, children do not have to be taught or corrected for their _______ .29._____ , a linguist in America, is regarded as the father of American structuralism.30.The first lab of experimental psychology was set up at university of Leipzig, Germany, in 1879.It announced the official birth of _____ .三,酉己对题1) _____ the Grammar-Translation Method 2) ______ the Direct Method 3) ______ the Oral Approach 4) ______ the Audiolingual Method 5) ______ the Cognitive Approach a) The neogrammarians, represented by Hermann Paul formed its main linguistic base, b) The structural linguists believed that the primary medium of language is oral, that is language is speech, c) It lays emphasis on the conscious acquisition of language as a meaningful system, d) It can be characterized as a type of British "structuralism", e) It believes in the natural process of language learning and in the inductive teaching of grammar.31.1)32.2)33.3)34.4)35.5)1) _____ the Oral Approach 2) ______ the Cognitive Approach 3) ______ the Audiolingual Method 4) _____ the Natural Approach 5) ______ the Communicative Approach a) Dictation, imitation and controlled oral-based reading and writing tasks. b) Dialogues and pattern practice form the basis of the classroom practice, c) The first step in the classroom is to present all new sounds, vocabulary and structures in a manner meaningful to each student, d) In the early stages of speech production, it uses random volunteered group response, which place little demand on the individual student but allow early use of the target language, e) Developing listening and note-taking skills using audio-video materials; giving oral presentation; project work; role-play and simulation.36.1)37.2)38.3)39.4)40.5)1) _____ linguistic competence and linguistic performance 2) ______ assimilation and accommodation 3) ______ the language acquisition device (LAD) 4) _______ communicative competence 5) _____ the input hypothesis a) The former is the process by which incoming information is changed or modified in our minds so that we can fit it in with what we already know; while the latter is the process by which we modify what we already know to take into account new information, b) The fbnner refers to knowledge of grammatical rules of language; whale the latter refers to application of language, c) The ability not only to apply the grammatical rules of a language in order to form grammatically correct sentences but also to know when and where to use these sentences and to whom, d) A sort of mechanism or device which contains the capacity to acquire one's first language, e) It assumes that humans acquire language in only one way—by understanding messages, or by receiving "comprehensible input*'.41.1)42.2)43.3)44.4)45.5)四,简答题46.What is the most important aspect of language according to the Grammar-Translation Method?47.How does the discourse theory explain the second language acquisition process?48.What areas of language arc emphasized by Oral Approach? What language skills are emphasized?49.What are the principles and consequences of the Reform Movement?50.What techniques of the Direct Method do you think are useful in modem language teaching?5 l.How should language rules be learned according to the Direct Method?五、论述题52.Which of the principles of the Audiolingual Method are acceptable to you?53.How useful are the techniques used by a cognitive teacher to your English teaching and learning experience?1-5ADBAD 6-10BDCCD16、Baos,Sapir17、behaviourism18、children19、Greeks, fifth20、Functional21、competence22、stimulus, response23、schemas24、explaining, what25、Victor, movement26、structure27、Syntactic Structures28、mistakes29、Bloomfield30、Psychology31、a32、e33、d34、b35、c 36、a37、c答案11-15ADBAD38、b39、d40、e41、b42、a43、d44、c45、e46、A ccording to the Grammar-Translation Method, grammar is the most important aspect of language, which is viewed as a system of rules. Systematic study of grammatical rules plays an important role in fostering students "ability of reading comprehension and producing grammatically correct sentences. Understanding and mastering the morphology and syntax will develop studcnts'ability of analyzing and solving problems.47、Halliday thinks that the process of first language is actually the process of learning how to communicate in that language. Hatch agrees with Halliday's views on first language acquisition and perceives little difference between the first language acquisition process and process of second language acquisition—only through communication discourse can the learner acquire the second language.48、V ocabulary and grammar are emphasized by the Oral Approach. A knowledge of the 2000 common core words is believed to assist foreign language learning. Accuracy in both pronunciation and grammar is regarded as crucial, and errors are to be avoided at all costs. All the four basic skills are considered important, however, oral proficiency is seen as basic. Before students learn any words and gramiTiar rules, the teacher should teach them orally first.49、The principles of the Reform Movement were the primacy of speech, the centrality of the connected text as the kernel of the teaching-learning process, and the absolute priority of an oral methodology in the classroom. The consequences were great. Manypeople took part in the Reform Movement. A lot of books were published. An applied linguistic approach to language teaching began to shape.50、Such teaching techniques as question-and-answer, dictation and conversation practice are useful in modem language teaching. The Direct Method advocates that language should be learned through direct association of form and meaning. It mainly uses the teaching techniques above which are still widely used in foreign language teaching classrooms today. The forms of dictation and compound dictation appear in many tests today.51、Language rules arc learned inductively through listening and speaking activities.The teacher sets up a few carefully chosen illustrations of a rule and leads the students to discover the relationship of the new elements to others previously learned and to formulate their obseiwations into the rule governing examples. In other words, students have to induce grammatical rules from examples in the text. A language could best learned by being used actively in the classroom.52、Among the five principles of the Audiolingual Method, we think” Language is speech, not writing" and "Languages are different*' are more acceptable to us. The former means that language is first speech and written form is only the recording of speech. Speech is more basic to language than the written form. In the classroom, the language skills are taught in the order of listening,speaking, reading and writing. The latter means that the native language and the target language have separate linguistic systems, so there is usually no exact equivalent between two languages. The habits of the students'native language would interfere with the students, attempts to master the target language. They should be kept apart so that the students' native language interferes as little as possible with the students,learning of the foreign language.53、The rule learning, meaningful practice and creativity are the focus of English teaching and learning experience. Using these techniques is to help the learner to understand English as a system, and to master the meaningful material, then to achieve successful communication. These techniques used by a cognitive teacher can stimulate learners subjective activity and creativity, and raise their language competence andlanguage performance. By using these techniques, the teacher can achieve the objectives of English teaching and learning experience: to develop intuitive thinking, in learners; to develop strategies of language use; to enable the students to learn 什om errors.全国自考外语教学法试卷及答案3三，单项选择题l.In the Direct Method, the most frequently used techniques of consolidation are dictation, purposeful tasks and _____ .(A)free composition(B)guided composition(C)graded composition(D)oral practice2._____ was the first one that helped to make a profession the teaching of English asa second/fbreign language and became well-known in the world because of his research on the profession.(A) Daniel Jones(B) Harold Palmer(0 Michael West(D) Lawrence Faucett3.______________________________________________________ T he Grammar-Translation Method was first used in the teaching of ___________ •(A)French(B)Latin and Greek(C)English(D)English and French4.Stimulus, response and reinforcement is behavioural psychology used in ______ i n language teaching.(A)the Direct Method(B)the Natural Approach(C)the Cognitive Approach(D)the Audiolingual Method5.______________________________________ The schema theory is an important element in ___________________________ , which is ”action・based”，more concerned with the process of learning than what is learnt.(A)Brunnefs method(B)AusubePs theory(C)Kell/s theory(D)Piagets theoiy6.According to Halliday, a British linguist, social context of language can be analyzed in terms of three factors : ______ o f discourse(A)the range, length and content(B)the situation, context and mode(C)the field, tenor and mode(D)the context, content and field7.The role of the teacher in a Communicative Approach classroom are _____ .(A) a facilitator of studentsleaming(B) a manager of classroom activity(C)an advisor of students f questions(D)all of the above8.The two categories of meaning of language proposed by Wilkins are _____ •(A)notions and functions(B)notions and forms(C)general and specific(D)forms and functions9.A statement of the rule was followed by a vocabulary list and translation exercises. At the end of the course translation of connected prose Passage was attempted This is ____ class.(A)Audiolingual Method(B)Oral Approach(C)Direct Method(D)Grammar-Translation10.Hatch put forward the _____ t heory in the late 1970s.(A)monitor(B)discourse(C)cognitive(D)acculturation1 l.The 1920s saw the emergence of a new psychological school called _____。

2015年7月全国自考现代语言学预测试题和答案

2015年7月全国自考现代语言学预测试题和答案一、Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)第1题 What is actually internalized in the mind of a native speaker is a ____system of grammatical knowledge.()A. phraseB. sentenceC. ruleD. symbol【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数2分第2题 The goal of____is to explore the nature of language variation and language use among a variety of speech communities and in different social situations. ()A. psycholinguisticsB. sociolinguisticsC. historical linguisticsD. general linguistics【正确答案】 B【你的答案】本题分数2分第3题 A theory of grammar must provide a complete characterization of linguistic ____ that speakers implicitly consider well?formed, or grammatical sequences.()A. speechesB. utterancesC. eventsD. sentences【正确答案】 B【你的答案】本题分数2分第4题 ____ , the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while the second element receives secondary stress.()A. OrthographicallyB. PhoneticallyC. SemanticallyD. Syntactically【正确答案】 B【你的答案】本题分数2分第5题 ____ is a subfield of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language.()A. MorphologyB. SyntaxC. LexicologyD. Coordination【正确答案】 B【你的答案】本题分数2分第6题 If the meaning of sentence X is included in that of sentence Y, we say sentence X ____ sentence Y. ()A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数2分第7题 There is a gradation of ____ ranging along a continuum between two extremes of very formal and very informal.()A. registerB. domainC. contextD. variation【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数2分第8题 Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called transformational rules, whose operation may change the ( )representation of a sentence. ( )A. syntacticB. generativeC. phrase structureD. base【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数2分第9题 studies how sounds are put together to convey meaning in communication. ( )A. PhonologyB. MorphologyC. LexicologyD. Phonetics【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数2分第10题 The ( ) approach was founded on the belief that it was possible to predict what problems learners of a particular second language would face and the errors they would make by establishing the linguistic differences between the native and target language systems. ( )A. error analysisB. contrastive analysisC. componentional analysisD. historical and comparative linguistics【正确答案】 B二、Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change第1题 Words and phrases are organized according to the syntactic c___.【正确答案】 categories【你的答案】修改分数本题分数1分你的得分第2题 Human capacity for language has a g___ basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned.【正确答案】 genetic【你的答案】修改分数本题分数1分你的得分第3题 F___ morphemes are independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves.【正确答案】 Free【你的答案】修改分数本题分数1分你的得分第4题___【正确答案】 derivational【你的答案】本题分数1分修改分数你的得分第5题 One way out of the communication dilemma is language s___ known as language planning.【正确答案】 standardization【你的答案】本题分数1分修改分数你的得分第6题 The central characteristic of s___ comes from the motive for its use: a desire of novelty, for vivid emphasis, for membership in a particular group or class of people, etc.【正确答案】 slang【你的答案】本题分数1分修改分数你的得分第7题 The meaning of a word may deviate from its original d___ through the process of semantic broadening or narrowing.【正确答案】 denotation?【你的答案】本题分数1分修改分数你的得分第8题 When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i___.【正确答案】 intonation【你的答案】修改分数本题分数1分你的得分第9题 The long vowels are all t___ vowels and the short vowels are lax vowels.【正确答案】 tense?【你的答案】修改分数本题分数1分你的得分第10题D___ in Searle’s classification of illocutionary acts refer to the attempts by the speaker to get the hearer to do something by means of inviting, suggesting, requesting, advising, warning, threatening, etc.【正确答案】 Directives【你的答案】三、Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true orF for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you第1题 ()A creole language is originally a pidgin that has become established as a native language in some speech community.【正确答案】 T【你的答案】本题分数2分修改分数你的得分第2题 ()The structure of words is not governed by rules.【正确答案】 F(It is governed by rules.)【你的答案】本题分数2分修改分数你的得分第3题()Wernicke’s work strengthened Broca’s claim that left hemispheric structures are essential for speech.【正确答案】 T【你的答案】本题分数2分修改分数你的得分第4题 ()Language is vocal because the primary medium is sound for alllanguages.【正确答案】 T【你的答案】本题分数2分修改分数你的得分第5题()According to the Behaviorist learning theory, a child’s verbal behavior was conditioned through association between a stimulus and the following response.【正确答案】 T【你的答案】修改分数本题分数2分你的得分第6题 ()Researchers have proved the behaviourist learning theory in that correction and reinforcement are really key factors in child language development.【正确答案】 F(No,they are not.)【你的答案】本题分数2分修改分数你的得分第7题 ()General linguistics studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study.【正确答案】 T【你的答案】修改分数本题分数2分你的得分第8题 ()Languages vary in the order of the subject, the verb and the object.【正确答案】 T【你的答案】修改分数本题分数2分你的得分第9题 ( ) We say sentence X entails sentence Y if sentence Y is a prerequisite of sentence X.【正确答案】 F (It does not.)?【你的答案】本题分数2分你的得分修改分数第10题 ( ) Case condition, like adjacency condition, is one of the general principles of universal grammar.【正确答案】 T?【你的答案】四、Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3% ×10=30%)第1题 euphemism【正确答案】 A euphemism is a word or expression that is thought to be mild, indirect,or less offensive and used as a polite substitute for the supposedly harsh andunpleasant word or expression. For example, pass away—die, in the familyway—pregnant, advanced in age— old.【你的答案】本题分数3分你的得分修改分数第2题 clipping【正确答案】 Clipping is a kind of abbreviation of otherwise longer words or phrases. For example, e?mail (electronic mail), hi?fi (high fidelity).【你的答案】本题分数3分你的得分修改分数第3题 language planning【正确答案】 Language planning means that certain authorities, such as thegovernment, or government agency of a country, choose a particular speech variety and spread the use of it, including its pronunciation and spelling system, across regional boundaries. An example of language planning is the common speech of the Chinese language. Language planning, also called language standardization, is a way to solve the problem of communication dilemma caused by regional dialects.【你的答案】本题分数3分你的得分修改分数第4题 negative transfer【正确答案】 In learning a second language, learners subconsciously use their native language knowledge. This is known as language transfer. Transfer can be positive or negative. Negative transfer occurs when the first language pattern is different from the counterpart pattern of the target language. Negative transfer is commonly known as interference because it would lead to difficulties or errors in second language learning. For example, Chinese students, due to the interference of their mother tongue, often make mistakes like “ Although... but...”, “He cometomorrow.” and “I not want go.”【你的答案】本题分数3分你的得分修改分数第5题 ethnic dialect【正确答案】 An ethnic dialect or language variety is a social dialect of a language, often cutting across regional differences. An ethnic dialect is spoken mainly bya less privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation,such as racial discrimination or segregation. The language of the American Indians may be an example of this dialect.【你的答案】本题分数3分你的得分修改分数第6题 acculturation【正确答案】 Acculturation is one of the individual learner factors, referring to the extent to which learners differ in the process of adapting to the new culture of the L2 community. According to the acculturation view, the acquisition of a second language involves, and depends on, the acquisition of the culture of the target language community. It has been hypothesized that successful language learning is more likely when learners succeeded in acculturating to the L2 society.【你的答案】本题分数3分你的得分修改分数第7题 clipping【正确答案】 Clipping is a kind of abbreviation of otherwise longer words orphrases. For example, gym (gymnasium), fridge (refrigerator), sci?fi (science fiction), hi?fi ( high fidelity).【你的答案】本题分数3分你的得分修改分数第8题 linguistic relativism【正确答案】 Linguistic relativism refers to the belief that speakers of different languages perceive and experience the world differently, that is, relative to their linguistic background. It is a hypothesis proposed by an American linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf concerning language and thought.【你的答案】本题分数3分你的得分修改分数第9题 semantic narrowing【正确答案】 Semantic narrowing is a process in which the meaning of a word becomes less general or inclusive than its historically earlier meaning. For example, “wife”and “girl” in Old English were used respectively for “any woman” and“a young female or a young male” but in Modern English, their meanings have narrowed down to refer only to “married female”and “a young female” respectively.【你的答案】本题分数3分你的得分修改分数第10题 holophrastic sentence【正确答案】Children’s one?word utterances are called holophrastic sentences, because they can be used to express a concept or prediction that would be associated with an entire sentence in an adult speech. Usually, one?word utterances serve a naming function to refer to familiar people, toys, pets, food and objects in the child’s environment (suc h as “Mama”, “Papa” etc.), indicate certain actions and demands (such as “More!”, “Up!” etc.), or convey emotion (such as “No!”).【你的答案】五、Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)第1题 What are suprasegmental features? How do the major suprasegmental features of English function in conveying meaning?【正确答案】 The phonological features that occur above the sound segmental levelare called suprasegmental features. The major suprasegmental features of Englishinclude word stress, sentence stress and intonation. The suprasegmental featuresdistinguish meaning.【你的答案】本题分数10分你的得分修改分数第2题 What is the difference between a pidgin and creole?【正确答案】 A pidgin is a variety of language that is generally used by native speakers of other languages as a medium of communication used for some practical purposes. It is a simplified language with reduced vocabularies, originating most often from the higher dominant language and an absence of grammatical features such as case, tense, mood and voice, etc. On the other hand, a creole language is originally a pidgin that has become established as a native language in some speech community. That is, when a pidgin comes to be adoptedby a population as its primary language, and children learn it as their first language, then the pidgin language is called a creole. In contrast with a pidgin, creoles are fully developed languages as complete in every way as other languages. When a pidgin begins to play the role of a trade language, it undergoes considerable expansion of its vocabulary and grammar and begins to acquire rules comparable in nature and complexity with the rules of any other human natural languages, then it becomes a creole.【你的答案】。

外语教学法自考题-2

外语教学法自考题-2(总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Ⅰ.Multipe Choice(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The schema theory is an important element in ______ , which is "action-based", more concerned with the process of learning than what is learnt.A. Brunner's methodB. Ausubel's theoryC. Kelly's theoryD. Piaget's theory（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：[解析] 瑞士著名心理学家皮亚杰(Piaget)创立了认知发展理论(theory of cognitive development)和图式理论(Schema theory)。

他认为，孩子在主动适应环境的同时，通过同化和适应(assimilation and accommodation)过程，把其行为组成图式结构(Schemata)，并使概念得到发展。

布鲁纳提出了发现学习法(Discovery method)；奥斯贝尔理论的核心是“有意义的语言学习和先期组织”(meaningful verbal and advance organizers)；凯利明确区分了有意义的学习活动和无意义的学习活动。

因此排除A、B、C。

2.British "structuralism" linguists believed that elements in a language were ______, that is, lower level systems of word classes led to higher level systems of phrases and sentences. A. classified B. rule-governedC. variedD. leveled（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] 口语教学法/情景教学法的语言理论基础可以说是英国的一种结构主义。

外语教学法自考题-16

外语教学法自考题-16(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Ⅰ.Multiple Choice{{/B}}(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Halliday claimed that language has ______ meaning.∙ A. formal and contextual∙ B. functional and structural∙ C. linguistic and non-linguistic∙ D. descriptive and prescriptive（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：[解析] Halliday认为语言的意义有两种，形式意义和语境意义。

2.______ opened a laboratory of experimental psychology, which announced the official birth of the science in 1879.∙ A. Max Wertheimer∙ B. Kut Koffka∙ C. Wilhelm Wundt∙ D. Kurt Lewin（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] Wilhelm Wundt是德国科学家，1879年在莱比锡大学(Leipzig University)建立了第一个实验心理学实验室，正式宣告了心理学作为一学科门诞生了。

3.Psychoanalysis is a theory of the mind put forward by ______.∙ A. John Watson∙ B. Sigmund Freud∙ C. Jean Piaget∙ D. Ｄ.E.Skinner（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] 精神分析法的创始人是Freud。

4.Grammar-Translation Method requires the teaching materials to be arranged according to ______.∙ A. vocabulary∙ B. translation∙ C. topic∙ D. grammar（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：[解析] 语法翻译法的教学材料是按照语法(grammar)体系安排的。

2015年英语自考真题及答案解析

2015年英语自考真题及答案解析1、I _______ Zhang Hua in the bookstore last Sunday. [单选题] *A. meetB. meetingC. meetedD. met(正确答案)2、The young man had decided to give up the chance of studying abroad, _____ surprised his parents a lot. [单选题] *A. whenB. whereC. which(正确答案)D. that3、Look! There are some boats ______ the river.（）[单选题] *A. on(正确答案)B. overC. betweenD. in4、100．The bus can ______ you to the Great Wall. [单选题] *A．leaveB．take(正确答案)C．changeD．spend5、Online shopping _______ very popular now. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. wasD. were6、This seat is vacant and you can take it. [单选题] *A. 干净的B. 没人的(正确答案)C. 舒适的D. 前排的7、--Jenny, what’s your favorite _______?? ? ? --like peaches best. [单选题] *A. fruit(正确答案)B. vegetablesC. drinkD. plants8、Miss Smith is a friend of _____. [单选题] *A. Jack’s sister’s(正确答案)B. Jack’s sisterC. Jack sister’sD. Jack sister9、My dog is very _______. It is safe to touch it if you want to. [单选题] *A. luckyB. deliciousC. friendly(正确答案)D. helpful10、39．__________ he was very tired, he didn’t stop working. [单选题] * A．Although (正确答案)B．WhenC．AfterD．Because11、Julia’s on holiday in Shanghai _______. [单选题] *A. in a momentB. after a momentC. at the moment(正确答案)D. at any moment12、Ordinary books, _________ correctly, can give you much knowledge. [单选题] *A. used(正确答案)B. to useC. usingD. use13、———Must I return the book you lent me to you now? ——No, you( ）. You can keep it for another few days. [单选题] *A.can’tB. shouldn'tC. mustn'tD. don, t have to(正确答案)14、-We’ve spent too much money recently–well,it isn’t surprising. Our friend and relatives_______around all the time [单选题] *ingB. had comeC. were comingD have been coming(正确答案)15、I used to take ____ long way to take the bus that went by ____ tunnel under the water. [单选题] *A. a, aB. a. theC. a, /(正确答案)D. the, a16、3．—Will you buy the black car?No, I won't. I will buya(n) ________ one because I don't have enough money. [单选题] *A．cheap(正确答案)B．expensiveC．highD．low17、It’s windy outside. _______ your jacket, Bob. [单选题] *A. Try onB. Put on(正确答案)C. Take offD. Wear18、When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back one the shelf, ____? [单选题] *A. do youB. don’t youC. will you(正确答案)D. won’t you19、--Do you know _______ girl with long curly hair?--Yes. She is Mary. She plays _______ piano very well. [单选题] *A. a; /B. the; /C. the; the(正确答案)D. a; the20、—Are these your sheep? [单选题] *A）on grass at the foot of the hill.(正确答案)B. feedC.is fedD. is feeding21、71．How beautiful the shoes look! Can I________？[单选题] *A．try it onB．try on itC．try them on(正确答案)D．try on them22、A little learning is a dangerous thing, _____ the saying goes. [单选题] *A. likeB. as(正确答案)C. withD. if23、I could ______ control my feelings and cried loudly when I heard the bad news. [单选题] *A. hardly(正确答案)B. ?reallyC. clearlyD. nearly24、He didn't allow _____ in his room. Actually he didn't allow his family _____ at all. [单选题] *A. to smoke; to smokeB. smoking; to smoke(正确答案)C. to smoke; smokingD. smoking; smoking25、Last year Polly _______ an English club and has improved her English a lot. [单选题] *A. leftB. sawC. joined(正确答案)D. heard26、—______ pencils are these?—They are Tony’s.（）[单选题] *A. WhatB. WhereC WhoD. Whose(正确答案)27、( ) No matter _____ hard it may be, I will carry it out. [单选题] *A whatB whateverC how(正确答案)D however28、( ) _____ New York _____ London have traffic problems. [单选题] *A. All…andB. Neither….norC. Both…and(正确答案)D. Either…or29、Have you done something _______ on the weekends? [单选题] *A. special(正确答案)B. soreC. convenientD. slim30、Sometimes only（）10 out of 500 or more candidates succeed in passing all the tests. [单选题] *A. as many asB. as few as(正确答案)C. as much asD. as little as。

外语教学法自考模拟题及答案

外语教学法自考题模拟Ⅰ.Multipe Choice1、In 1957, Noam Chomsky's book Syntactic Structures was published which started the ______.A. American structuralismB. transformational generative linguisticsC. functional linguisticsD. cognitive psychology2、Which one of the following activities is included in the acquisition activities in the Natural Approach?A. Affective-humanistic activities.B. Communicative activities.C. Skill-getting activities.D. Social activities.3、According to M.A.K. Halliday, which of the following should NOT be taken into consideration in terms of linguistic events?A. Form.B. Context.C. Substance.D. Culture.4、According to the records available, human beings have been engaged in the study of language for______centuries.A. 10B. 15C. 20D. 255、Krashen identifies three kinds of affective variables related to second language acquisition: ______.A. motivation, self-confidence and anxietyB. comprehension, acquisition and anxietyC. input, competence and self-confidenceD. situation, motivation and self-confidence6、The Grammar-Translation Method was at one time called ______ since it was first used in the teaching of the classical languages of Latin and Greek.A. aural-oral methodB. minimum methodC. Audiolingual MethodD. Classical Method7、It became a key feature of the Oral Approach in the 1960s that ______.A. new language points are introduced and practised in situationsB. accuracy is maintainedC. reading and writing are introduced laterD. translation should be avoided8、The discourse theory was established by ______ in the late 1970s and developed from M. A. K. Halliday's theory of first language acquisition.A. E. HatchB. M.A.K. HallidayC. Stephen KrashenD. Joseph H. Greenberg9、The generative-transformational school of linguistics emerged through the influence of______.A. Noam ChomskyB. Ｊ. PiagetC. Ｄ. AusubelD. Ｊ.Ｂ. Bruner10、Which of the following do Krashen and Terrell NOT emphasize?A. Communication.B. Vocabulary.C. Meaning.D. Grammar.psychologists.A. cognitive psychologyB. behaviourist psychologyC. psychoanalysisD. Gestalt psychology12、Chomsky holds the position that linguists should study the ______ of the native speaker.A. linguistic performanceB. linguistic competenceC. communicative performanceD. communicative competence13、According to the Audiolingual Method, ______ is not a crucial element for learning to happen.A. a stimulusB. reinforcementC. a responseD. a hypothesis14、Which of the following is forbidden in a Direct Method classroom?A. Using gestures.B. Sketch drawing.C. The first language.D. Writing.15、______ of second language acquisition was developed from the Halliday's theory of first language acquisition.A. Habit formation theoryB. Discourse theoryC. Monitor theoryD. Cognitive theoryⅡ.Filling Blanks16、The Natural Approach considers ______ as the most important element of any language teaching program.17、The ______ Approach emphasizes on dictation, imitation and controlled oral-based reading and writing tasks.18、The______Method aims to enable the learners to read and translate its literature.19、Traditional linguistics was ______ in nature.20、According to the______ approach, language learning in real life differs from language learning in the classroom.21、For Candlin, the meaning ______ involved in making choices and decisions lies at the heart of the language learning process.22、The ______ Approach emphasizes on oral skills: use of only the target language in the classroom.23、In the ______ Approach, class time is devoted primarily to providing input for acquisition; the teacher speaks only the target language, students may use either L1, or L2; errors are corrected.24、In the ______Approach, the teacher creates speeches which enable students to interact using the target language. Students are not forced to respond in the target language immediately.25、The Total Physical Response method sees successful adult second language learning as a process paralleled to children's first language ______.26、In practice the Cognitive Approach involves more active use of the students' mental power, which is especially suitable for ______language learners.27、The Cognitive Approach lays emphasis on the ______ acquisition of language as a meaningful system.28、The Grammar-Translation Method believes that grammar is the ______ of language, and language materials are arranged according to the grammar system.29、The ______ Method at one time was called Classical Method since it was first used in the teaching of the classical language of Latin and Greek.30、Palmer insisted there was a basic difference between the ______ capacities of human beings and the trained or " studial" capacities of the classroom learner.Ⅲ.Matching______ language acquisition device (LAD.2) ______ stimulus and response3) ______ the discourse theory4) ______ acquisition and learning5) ______ the input hypothesisa) The former refers to the subconscious process leading to the development of "competence"; the latter refers to conscious study and knowledge of grammatical rules.b) A sort of mechanism or device which contains the capacity to acquire one' s first language.c) It assumes that humans acquire language in only one way--by understanding messages, or by receiving "comprehensible input".d) It believes there is little difference between the first language acquisition process and the process of second language acquisition--only through communication discourses.e) The former serves to elicit behaviour; the latter is triggered by the former.Ⅳ.Questions for Brief Answers36、What is the attitude of the Cognitive Approach towards mistakes in the language learning process?37、What are the principles and consequences of the Reform Movement?38、How does the cognitive psychology explain the acquisition of knowledge?39、What are the main disadvantages of the Cognitive Approach?40、What is Chomsky's explanation of the first language process?41、What are the principles and consequences of the Reform Movement?Ⅴ.Questions for Long Answers42、Are there any similarities and differences between the Oral Approach and the Audiolingual Method in terms of language theories and learning theories?43、Discuss in your own words any five characteristics of the Audiolinguai Method.答案:Ⅰ.Multipe Choice1、B[解析] 1957年乔姆斯基出版了他的专著《句法结构》。

二套全国自考外语教学法试卷及答案

二套全国自考外语教学法试卷及答案（每套题目的答案在每篇的后面，请仔细核对，也可ctrl + F搜索）全国自考外语教学法试卷及答案1单项选择题1.The discourse theory was established by _____ in the late 1970s and developed from M. A. K. Hallida/s theory of first language acquisition.(A ) E. Hatch(B ) M.A.K. Halliday(C ) Stephen Krashen(D ) Joseph H. Greenberg2.The 1920s saw the emergence of a new psychological school called _____ founded by a group of psychologists.(A ) cognitive psychology(B ) behaviourist psychology(C ) psychoanalysis(D ) Gestalt psychology3.Stimulus-response theory of learning belongs to American behaviourist psychology, of which _____ i s one of the representatives.(A ) Bloomfield(B ) B . F . Skinner(C ) Charles Fries(D ) Noam Chomsky4.In Grammar-Translation Method, ______ i s maintained as the reference system in the learning of the second language.(B ) the second language(C ) the target language(D ) the foreign language5.The Direct Method teachers believe that direct association of ______ is of great importance in language teaching.(A ) pronunciation and spelling(B ) words and spelling(C ) words and grammar(D ) form and meaning6.____ was developed in the late 19th century.(A ) The Grammar-Translation Method(B ) The Direct Method(C ) The Oral Approach(D ) The Audiolingual Method7.Palmer, the British applied linguist, produced a guide to the English vocabulary needed fbr teaching English as a foreign language. The words arc chosen fbr the following criteria EXCEPT______ .(A ) they are the words most frequently used by people whose native language is English(B ) they include words useful to build other words(C ) they include all the structural words(D ) they include all the descriptive words8.The combination of structural linguistic theory, aural-oral procedures, and behaviourist psychology led to _____ , which was widely adopted fbr teaching of foreign languages in America.(B ) Classical Method(C ) Audiolingual Method(D ) Cognitive Approach9.According to Krashen, _____ is responsible for the fluency of the utterances produced by speakers while learning is responsible fbr the accuracy of the speeches or passages.(A ) practising(B ) analysing(C ) acquisition(D ) habit-fbrmation10.The core of _____ i s language acquisition which is considered a subconscious process, dependent on the amount of input the students get and allow in.(A ) The Direct Method(B ) The Audiolingual Method(C ) The Cognitive Approach(D ) The Natural Approach11.According to Piaget, there are two principal types of cognitive structures which he called _____ ・(A ) schemas and concepts(B ) conscious mind and unconscious mind(C ) stimulus and response(D ) response and consequence12.The role of the learner in a Communicative Approach classroom are _____ .(A ) a negotiator(B ) a communicator(C ) an independent learner(D ) all of the above13.Discourse theory of second language acquisition was developed from the _____ .(A ) habit formation theory(B ) Hallidays theory of first language acquisition(C ) monitor theory(D ) Cognitive theory14._____ is sometimes called the modem version of Grammar-Translation Method.(A ) The Cognitive Approach(B ) The Classical Method(C ) The Communicative Approach(D ) The Direct Method15._____ is the most practical one among the following foreign language teaching methods in China.(A ) Three Dimensional Approach(B ) The ASSRF Approach(C ) Dual Activity Method(D ) Zhang Sizhong Method二,填空题16.The two forerunners of the American Structuralism, which flourished at the beginning of the 20th century in America, are ______ and _____ •17.B. F. Skinner was regarded as the leader of _____ .18.According to Chomsky's ideas about language acquisition, ______ l earn language by being exposed to it.19.The traditional linguistics was started by the _____ i n the _____ century B. C.20.____ linguistics is concerned with language as an instrument of social interaction rather than a system that is isolated.21.Chomsky noted the distinction between linguistic _____ and linguistic performance.22.The idea of conditioning is based on the theory that you can train an animal to do anything if you follow a certain procedure which has three major stages: ______ ,______ a nd reinforcement.23.The two major types of cognitive structures are ______ a nd concepts.24.The generative linguist is interested not only in describing language but asloin _____ language. In other words, they attempt to find the _____ as well as the why in the study of language.25.In 1882, _____ published a pamphlet which started the reform _____ .26.The British structuralism considered that language was identified with speech and speech ability was approached through oral practice of ______ .27.In 1957, Chomsky published his book ______ .28.By Chomsky's ideas about language acquisition, children do not have to be taught or corrected for their _____ •29.____ , a linguist in America, is regarded as the father of American structuralism. 30-The first lab of experimental psychology was set up at university of Leipzig, Germany, in 1879.It announced the official birth of _____ .三、配对题1) ______ the Grammar-Translation Method 2) ______ t he Direct Method 3) _______ the Oral Approach 4) _____ the Audiolingual Method 5) ______ the Cognitive Approach a) The neogrammarians, represented by Hermann Paul formed its main linguistic base, b) The structural linguists believed that the primary medium of language is oral, that is language is speech, c) It lays emphasis on the conscious acquisition of language as a meaningful system, d) It can be characterized as a type of British "structuralism", e) It believes in the natural process of language learning and in the inductive teaching of grammar31.1)32.2)33.3)34.4)35.5)1) _____ the Oral Approach 2) _______ t he Cognitive Approach 3) ______ the Audiolingual Method 4) ______ t he Natural Approach 5) ______ the Communicative Approach a) Dictation, imitation and controlled oral-based reading and writing tasks, b) Dialogues and pattern practice form the basis of the classroom practice, c) The first step in the classroom is to present all new sounds, vocabulary and structures in a manner meaningful to each student, d) In the early stages of speech production, it uses random volunteered group response, which place little demand on the individual student but allow early use of the target language, e) Developing listening and note-taking skills using audio-video materials; giving oral presentation; project work; role-play and simulation.36.1)37.2)38.3)39.4)40.5)1) _____ linguistic competence and linguistic performance 2) _______ a ssimilation and accommodation 3) ______the language acquisition device (LAD) 4) ______ communicative competence 5) ______ the input hypothesis a) The former is the process by which incoming infbmiation is changed or modified in our minds so that we can fit it in with what we already know; while the latter is the process by which we modify what we already know to take into account new infbmiation. b) The former refers to knowledge of grammatical rules of language; whale the latter refers to application of language, c) The ability not only to apply the grammatical rules of a language in order to form grammatically correct sentences but also to know when and where to use these sentences and to whom, d) A sort of mechanism or device which contains the capacity to acquire one's first language, e) It assumes that humans acquire language in only one way—by understanding messages, or by receiving "comprehensible input”.41.1)42.2)43.3)44.4)45.5),简答题46.What is the most important aspect of language according to the Grammar-Translation Method?47.How does the discourse theory explain the second language acquisition process?48.What areas of language are emphasized by Oral Approach? What language skills are emphasized?49.What are the principles and consequences of the Reform Movement?50.What techniques of the Direct Method do you think are useful in modem language teaching?51.How should language rules be learned according to the Direct Method?五■论述题52.Which of the principles of the Audiolingual Method are acceptable to you?53.How useful are the techniques used by a cognitive teacher to your English teaching and learning experience?答案1-5ADBAD 6-1OBDCCD 11-15ADBAD16、B aos.Sapir17、b ehaviourism18、c hildren19、G reeks, fifth20、Functional21、c ompetence22、s timulus, response23、s chemas24、e xplaining, what25、V ictor, movement26、s tructure27、S yntactic Structures28、m istakes29、B loomfield30、P sychology31、a32、e33、d 34、b35、c36、a37、c38、b39、d40、e41、b42、a43、d44、c45、e46、A ccording to the Grammar-Translation Method, grammar is the most important aspect of language, which is viewed as a system of rules. Systematic study of grammatical mles plays an important role in fostering students'ability of reading comprehension and producing grammatically correct sentences. Understanding and mastering the morphology and syntax will develop students'ability of analyzing and solving problems.47、Halliday thinks that the process of first language is actually the process of learning how to communicate in that language. Hatch agrees with Halliday's views on first language acquisition and perceives little difference between the first language acquisition process and process of second language acquisition—only through communication discourse can the learner acquire the second language.48、V ocabulaiy and grammar are emphasized by the Oral Approach. A knowledge of the 2000 common core words is believed to assist foreign language learning. Accuracy in both pronunciation and grammar is regarded as crucial, and errors are to be avoided at all costs. All the four basic skills are considered important, however, oral proficiency is seen as basic. Before students learn any words and grammar rules, the teacher should teachthem orally first.49、The principles of the Reform Movement were the primacy of speech, the centrality of the connected text as the kernel of the teaching-learning process, and the absolute priority of an oral methodology in the classroom. The consequences were great. Many people took part in the Reform Movement. A lot of books were published. An applied linguistic approach to language teaching began to shape.50、Such teaching techniques as question-and-answer, dictation and conversation practice are useful in modem language teaching. The Direct Method advocates that language should be learned through direct association of form and meaning. It mainly uses the teaching techniques above which are still widely used in foreign language teaching classrooms today. The forms of dictation and compound dictation appear in many tests today.51、Language rules arc learned inductively through listening and speaking activities. The teacher sets up a few carefully chosen illustrations of a rule and leads the students to discover the relationship of the new elements to others previously learned and to formulate their obseiwations into the rule governing examples. In other words, students have to induce grammatical rules from examples in the text. A language could best learned by being used actively in the classroom.52、Among the five principles of the Audiolingual Method, we think" Language is speech, not writing" and "Languages are different1' are more acceptable to us. The former means that language is first speech and written form is only the recording of speech. Speech is more basic to language than the written form. In the classroom, the language skills are taught in the order of listening,speaking, reading and writing. The latter means that the native language and the target language have separate linguistic systems, so there is usually no exact equivalent between two languages. The habits of the students Native language would interfere with the students5 attempts to master the target language. They should be kept apart so that the students' native language interferes as little as possible with the studentsUeaming of the foreign language.53、The rule learning, meaningful practice and creativity are the focus of English teaching and learning experience. Using these techniques is to help the learner tounderstand English as a system, and to master the meaningful material, then to achieve successful communication. These techniques used by a cognitive teacher can stimulate learners subjective activity and creativity, and raise their language competence and language performance. By using these techniques, the teacher can achieve the objectives of English teaching and learning experience: to develop intuitive thinking, in learners; to develop strategies of language use; to enable the students to learn from errors.全国自考外语教学法试卷及答案2二单项选择题l.In the Direct Method, the most frequently used techniques of consolidation are dictation, purposeful tasks and _____ .(A)free composition(B)guided composition(C)graded composition(D)oral practice2._____ was the first one that helped to make a profession the teaching of English asa second/fbreign language and became well-known in the world because of his research on the profession.(A) Daniel Jones(B) Harold Palmer(0 Michael West(D) Lawrence Faucett3.______________________________________________________ T he Grammar-Translation Method was first used in the teaching of ___________ •(A)French(B)Latin and Greek(C)English(D)English and French4.Stimulus, response and reinforcement is behavioural psychology used in ______ i n language teaching.(A)the Direct Method(B)the Natural Approach(C)the Cognitive Approach(D)the Audiolingual Method5.______________________________________ The schema theory is an important element in ___________________________ , which is ”action・based”，more concerned with the process of learning than what is learnt.(A)Brunnefs method(B)AusubePs theory(C)Kell/s theory(D)Piagets theoiy6.According to Halliday, a British linguist, social context of language can be analyzed in terms of three factors : ______ o f discourse(A)the range, length and content(B)the situation, context and mode(C)the field, tenor and mode(D)the context, content and field7.The role of the teacher in a Communicative Approach classroom are _____ .(A) a facilitator of studentsleaming(B) a manager of classroom activity(C)an advisor of students f questions(D)all of the above8.The two categories of meaning of language proposed by Wilkins are _____ •(A)notions and functions(B)notions and forms(C)general and specific(D)forms and functions9.A statement of the rule was followed by a vocabulary list and translation exercises. At the end of the course translation of connected prose Passage was attempted This is ____ class.(A)Audiolingual Method(B)Oral Approach(C)Direct Method(D)Grammar-Translation10.Hatch put forward the _____ t heory in the late 1970s.(A)monitor(B)discourse(C)cognitive(D)acculturation1 l.The 1920s saw the emergence of a new psychological school called _____founded by a group of psychologists.(A)cognitive psychology(B)behaviourist psychology(C)psychoanalysis(D)Gestalt psychology12.The transformational generative linguistics was first put forward by _____ .(A)Krashen(B)Halliday(C)Bloomfield(D)Chomsky13.Berlitz established the first Berlitz school in the U. S. in 1878 and used a method which is known as ______ w hich was one school of Direct Method.(A)Berlitz Method(B)the U. S Method(C)Oral Method(D)Concrete Method14. ____ studies how sentences in spoken and written language form larger meaningful units such as paragraphs, conversations, and interviews.(A)Communicative Language Teaching(B)Meaning negotiation(C)Discourse analysis(D)Pragmatics15.Foreign language teaching in China is an integrated application of audiolingualism, _____ , and Communicative Language Teaching.(A)Suggestopaedia(B)traditionalism(C)Community Language Learning(D)Three Dimensional Approach二、填堂题16.The famous American linguist Noam Chomsky created two linguistic terms: linguistic competence and "linguistic ______17. _____ Method emphasizes on written language and memorization of grammaticalrules.18.The _____ Method emphasizes on oral work and drilling; language presented in dialogues; practice contextualized in situation.19.According to the theory of cognitive psychology, learning must involve organization of _____ •20.In the ______ Method, vocabulary selection procedures are followed to ensure that an essential general service vocabulary is covered.21.The learning of a foreign language was viewed by the Direct Methodologists as to the first language acquisition.22.The _____ Approach emphasizes on oral skills ; use of only the target languagein the classroom.23.Cognitive psychologists hold the idea that _____ gives meaning to parts previously incomprehensible.24.The _____ Approach emphasizes on dictation, imitation and controlledoral-based reading and writing tasks.25.The _____ Approach emphasizes on the conscious acquisition of language as a meaningful system.26.Krashen's monitor hypothesis states that learning has only one function, and that is as a _____ •27.Chomsky believes that _____ are bom with special language learning abilities.28.The Communicative Approach believes that language is used for communication and is more concerned with ______ than with structure.29. _____ is Palmers core methodological principle.30.The Audiolingual Method uses dialogues as the main form of language presentation and ______ as the main training techniques.31.The Communicative Approach attempts to follow the natural _____ process inthe classroom.32.The _____ theory originated in the late 1970s and was put forward by J. Schumann and R. Anderson.33.The general goal of a language programme is to teach ______ s kills.nguage is best taught when it is being used to transmit _____ .35. _______________________________ Traditional linguists believe that the _____________________________________ form of language was superior to the spoken form which was regarded as the corrupted form of language.三、配对题language acquisition device (LAD) 2) _____ stimulus and response 3)the discourse theory 4) ______ acquisition and learning 5) ______ the inputhypothesis a) The former refers to the subconscious process leading to the development of "competence”； the latter refers to conscious study and knowledge of grammatical rules, h) A sort of mechanism or device which contains the capacity to acquire one 1 s first language, c) It assumes that humans acquire language in only one way —by understanding messages, or by receiving "comprehensible input”, d) It believes there is little difference between the first language acquisition process and the process of second language acquisition —only through communication discourses, e) The former serves to elicit behaviour; the latter is triggered by the former.36.1)37.2)38.3)39.4)40.5)1) _____ Language (1933) 2) ______ Syntactic Structures (1957) 3)Teach a Foreign Language (1904) 4) ______ T he Practical Study of Languages (1899) 5) _____ Outline of English Phonetics (1918) a) Jaspersen b) Daniel Jones c) Leonard Bloomfield d) Henry Sweet e) Noam Chomsky41.1)42.2)43.3)44.4)45.5) __ 1) ______________________ t he Oral Approach 2) the Cognitive Approach 3)Communicative Approach 4) ______ the Audiolingnal Method 5) _ Method a) The use of drills and pattern practice is one of its distinctive features, b) The practice techniques adopted in this approach generally consists of guided repetition and substitution activity, c) Written work should be graded, d) Role play and simulation activities are often thought to be one of the most effective ways of integrating language 1) How to the the Directskills in the language classroom, e) It seeks the intellectual understanding by the learner of the language as a system.46.1)47.2)48.3)49.4)50.5)简答题一为题目类型51 .How does the Cognitive Approach make up fbr all the disadvantages of the Audiolingual Method?52.Do you think that it is necessary to draw a distinction between acquisition and learning? Why or why not?53.Appropriacy of language use has to be considered alongside accuracy. What implications does this have fbr attitudes to errors?54.How do you interpret the idea of "communicating in English11 in your case, as a learner of English?55.Review the tenets of Krashen's Input Hypothesis.56.What are the principles of behaviourism?论述题一为题目类型57.What are the function and result of the controversies in ancient Greece?58.Do you think that, in second language acquisition, acquisition will continue to happen fbr adults? Why or why not?1-5BABDD 6-10CDADB答案11-15DDACB16、performance17、Grammar-translation18、Direct19、material20、Direct21、anologous22、Oral23、structure24、Oral25、Cognitive26、monitor27、children28、meaning29、Habit-formation30、drills31、acquisition32、acculturation33、conversational34、messages35、written36、37、38、39、40、c41、c42、e43、a44、d45、b46、b47、e48、d49、a50、c51、As the Audiolingual Method Was on the decline in the 1960s and many shortcomings were found in it,such as:(l) Weak basis of its theory. (2)Not developing language competence,lack of effectiveness,and boredom caused by endless pattern drills.(3) Learners having little control over their learning.(4) Teacher's domination of the class.(5) Teacher-oriented materials.In response to the criticisms leveled against audio lingualism,the Cognitive Apporach developed as an altenative.In the meantime the structural linguistics gave way to the generative linguistics that turned the attention from mechanistic conditioning to meaningful learning.There appeared many advantages about the Cognitive Approach:(l) Stress on creativity and ineaning.(2) More active use of mental powcr.(3) Suitable fbr adult language learners.(4) Enjoyable and meaningful leaming.(5) More effective learning by drawing on students' experience. (6) Integrating all four skills. (7) Giving students' opportunity to develop functional and performance skills. (8) Drawing on the latest development of linguistics and psychology and FLT theories. (9) More scientific.52、Yes. The basic principle of the Natural Approach is the distinction between language acquisition and language learning. ” Language acquisition'1refers to the subconscious process leading to the development of "competence” and is not dependent on the .teaching of grammatical rules. "Language learning1' refers to the conscious study and knowledge of grammatical rules. Acquisition takes place during real communication in the language and is considered to be the source of the students,ability to use the language. Learning may contribute to the self-monitoring, or self-editing, of language output that sometimes occurs when speakers have time to reflect and focus on the formof their utterances. Krashen believes that acquiring a language is more successful and longer lasting than learning. This distinction between acquisition and learning provides a basic principle of second language acquisition with important implication fbr language teaching.53、This has some implications for attitudes to errors. Since both appropracy and accuracy are important in language use, we should pay the same attention to these two aspects. If one's language production is appropriate, but dotted with a lot of grammar errors, communication would be affected.On the other hand, if one" s language production is correct in grammar, but not appropriate in use, communication would not be as effective as expected. Therefore, we should be tolerant to the students' errors which do not affect communication, and be strict to those which interfere with communication and cause ill effects or ill feeling to the other communicators.54、For a learner of English who is studying in a non-English-speaking setting, "communicating in English” means to experience real communicative situations in which I learn to express my own ideas, views and attitudes, and in which I am taken seriously as people. Meaningful communicative activities on my English level will improve my language performance and generate my interest.55、Krashen's Input Hypothesis assumes that humans acquire language in only one way—by understanding messages, or by receiving H comprehensible input", which refers to utterance that the learner understands based on the context in which they are used as well as the language in which they are phrased. In language acquisition, we move from i, our current level, to i+1, the next level along the natural order, by understanding input containing i+1. The input hypothesis relates to acquisition, not to meaning. Comprehension is helped by the situation and the context, extralinguistic information and knowledge of the world.After the acquirer has built up linguistic competence by understanding input, the ability to speak fluently will emerge independently in time. It cannot be taught directly. Enough comprehension input provides i+1 automatically.56、The principles of behaviourism are as follows: Psychologists should study what could be observed publicly and objectively instead of considering animal' s mental events because these things could not be seen. Behaviourism believes that the study should befocused on learning and the relation between stimuli and responses.57、One controversy was between the naturalists and the conventionalists. Thenaturalists argued that the form of words reflected the nature of objects. The conventionalists thought that language was conventional and there was no logic connection between form and meaning of words.The other controversy was between the analogists and the anomalists on the regularities of language.The analogists claimed language was regular and there were rules for people to follow. The anomalist maintained there were no rules. Their debate aroused people's interest in language and led them to the detailed study of Greek. The direct result was the appearance a book of Greek grammar. These controversies and other researches on the linguistic theory formed the traditional study of language in ancient Greece—also called traditional linguistics. 58、Yes. Acquisition takes place during real communication in the language and is considered to be the source of the Icamcrs'ability to use the language in unstructured interaction. Teachers can entirely simulate in the classroom an environment that will be similar to the context in which adults acquire their first language, as they create utterances to express their own thoughts. Teachers can also create a variety of major activities in the classroom which leads to produce active interactions in the second language. Through these major activities and techniques, the innate capacities to acquire a language that all adults possess will be tapped. Classroom with interesting and meaningful language input may be a very good place for adults to acquire the second language. We consider that acquisition will continue to happen for adults in second language acquisition process.。

全国自考(语言学概论)模拟试卷7(题后含答案及解析)

全国自考（语言学概论）模拟试卷7(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 2. 多项选择题 3. 名词解释 4. 简答题 6. 论述题单项选择题1．语言符号可变性的根本原因在于语言符号的( )A．任意性B．强制性C．离散性D．线性正确答案：A解析：语言符号具有任意性、强制性、线性和离散性等特征。

语言符号的任意性决定了语言符号具有可变性。

2．下列元音中，后低不圆唇元音是( )A．[]B．[]C．[e]D．[a]正确答案：B3．现代英语中，[p]与[b]的区别特征是( )A．塞音／边音B．送气／不送气C．清／浊D．舌尖中／舌尖前正确答案：C解析：[p]和[b]两个音位的发音部位相同，都是双唇音。

从发音方法来看，都是塞音，都是不送气音。

[p]是清音，[b]是与之对应的浊音。

4．下列关于语音性质的表述中，不正确的有( )A．语音使语言成分物质化B．生理基础是语音的本质C．语音和语义联系在一起D．语音有民族性和地域性正确答案：B解析：语音的本质属性是社会属性，而不是生理属性。

5．语汇是词和语的集合，下列关于“语”的表达正确的一项是( )A．“语”是所有词组的集合B．“语”的意义是若干词的意义的相加C．“语”是可以拆分的语言片断D．“语”包括“固定词组”和“熟语”正确答案：D解析：“语”是由两个以上的词构成，但意义比较凝固，又经常作为一个整体单位使用的固定词组或熟语性语言片断。

6．下列词语中，不能看作离合词的是( )A．登陆B．吃饭C．跳舞D．睡觉正确答案：A解析：离合词是可以插入某些固定成分的词，“吃饭”“跳舞”睡觉”都是离合词。

7．英语“black-board”在词的形成方式上属于( )A．直接成词B．转化成词C．附加构词D．复合构词正确答案：D解析：复合构词就是词根语素加上词根语素构成一个新词。

这样得到的合成词又叫复合式合成词，即“复合词”。

black-board属于复合词。

8．下列语素在现代汉语里能够独立成词的是( )A．吗B．笔C．了D．械正确答案：B解析：能够独立成词的语素叫成词语素，只有“笔”可以独立成词，表示“书写工具”这一意义。

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2015年7月全国自考外语教学法预测题和答案一、Multiple Choices:(20%) Directions:In this section,you are given 20 questions,beneath each of which are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplet第1题 The focus of the Cognitive Approach classroom teaching are____.A. rule learning, meaningful practice and creativityB. imitation, dialogue and drill practiceC. drill?based practice, dictation and substitutionD. choral imitation, isolation and elicitation【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数1分第2题The core of the Natural Approach is ____which is considered a subconscious p rocess.A. language learningB. linguistic competenceC. linguistic capacityD. language acquisition【正确答案】 D【你的答案】本题分数1分第3题 The People’s Education Press joined hands with the Longman Group Ltd. i n late 80s and early 90s and compiled a textbook series for Chinese ____tea ching.A. collegeB. secondaryC. elementaryD. graduate【正确答案】 B【你的答案】本题分数1分第4题The general objectives of the Total Physical Response Method are to teach __ __ proficiency at a beginning level.A. oralB. readingC. auralD. writing【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数1分第5题In 1957, Noam Chomsky’s book Sytactic Structures were published and started____.A. American structuralismB. transformational generative linguisticsC. functional linguisticsD. cognitive psychology【正确答案】 B【你的答案】本题分数1分第6题 Discourse theory of second language acquisition was developed from the ____.A. habit formation theoryB. Halliday’s theory of first language acquisitionC. monitor theoryD. Cognitive theory【正确答案】 B【你的答案】本题分数1分第7题 The affective filter hypothesis of Krashens Monitor Model states that acq uires with ____affective filter seek and receives more comprehensible input.A. highB. very highC. averageD. low【正确答案】 D【你的答案】本题分数1分第8题 ____ was the first one that helped to make a profession the teaching o f English as a second/foreign language and became well?known in the world be cause of his research on the profession.A. Daniel JonesB. Harold PalmerC. Michael WestD. Lawrence Faucett【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数1分第9题 The monitor theory was put forward by____ in the late 1970s.A. ChomskyB. KrashenC. PalmerD. Bloomfield【正确答案】 B【你的答案】本题分数1分第10题 ____It was who has accomplished the functional linguistics and made the London School of Linguistics one of the most competitive linguistic theories in the world.A. M.A.K.HallidayB. Bronislaw MalinowskiC. J.R.FirthD. Sigmund Freud【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数1分第11题 ____ are emphasized by the Direct Methodologists.A. Reading and grammarB. Speaking and listeningC. Dictation and grammarD. Correct pronunciation and grammar【正确答案】 D【你的答案】本题分数1分第12题 An Oral Approach text book contains tightly organized lessons planned aro und different ____ and language points.A. vocabularyB. sentence patternsC. grammatical structuresD. passages【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数1分第13题 In Hymes view, “____” refers to the ability not only to apply the gr ammatical rules of language but also to know when and where to use these a nd to whom.A. linguistic competenceB. communicative competenceC. spontaneous capacityD. language acquisition device【正确答案】 B【你的答案】本题分数1分第14题 The following are basic principles of the Oral Approach EXCEPT____ .A. selection principleB. gradation selection principleC. four skills principleD. presentation principle【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数1分第15题 The Silent Way is considered suitable for____ .A. more advanced learnersB. beginnersC. more advanced classes and beginnersD. learners interaction with each other【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数1分第16题 The Cognitive Approach teachers believe language learning is ____ not sim ply the forming of habits.A. a processB. recognitionC. communicationD. presentation【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数1分第17题 The Communicative Approach follows a(n) ____ and emphasizes the processes of communication to get information.A. Integrated SyllabusB. Notional SyllabusC. International SyllabusD. Notable Syllabus【正确答案】 B【你的答案】本题分数1分第18题 The book The Natural Approach: Language Acquisition in the Classroom was produced by ______in 1983.A. Krashen and HallidayB. Hymes and WilkinsC. Krashen and TerrellD. Halliday and Hymes【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数1分第19题In Hyme’s view, “_____” refers to the ability not only to apply the grammatical rules of language but also to know when and where to use these and to whom.A. linguistic competenceB. communicative competenceC. spontaneous capacityD. language acquisition device(LAD)【正确答案】 B【你的答案】本题分数1分第20题 The core of ______ is language acquisition which is considered a subconscious process, dependent on the amount of input the students get and allow in.A. The Direct MethodB. The Audiolingual MethodC. The Cognitive ApproachD. The Natural Approach【正确答案】 D二、Filling Blanks:(20%) Directions:In this section there are 20 statements with 20 blanks.You are to fill each blank with ONE appropriate word.One point is given to each blank.第1题 The communicative Approach attempts to follow the___process in the classroom.【正确答案】 natural acquisition【你的答案】本题分数1分修改分数你的得分第2题 The ___ Method emphasizes too much on reading and writing, neglect of listening and speaking.【正确答案】 Grammar?Translation【你的答案】本题分数1分修改分数你的得分第3题 Chomsky noted the distinction between linguistic ___ and linguistic___ .【正确答案】 competence, performance【你的答案】本题分数1分修改分数你的得分第4题 ___and ___are the most important notions in the cognitive theory.【正确答案】 Automaticity, restructuring【你的答案】修改分数本题分数1分你的得分第5题Krashen’s Monitor Model of second language development distinguishes two disti nct processes in second and foreign language development and use: “acquisitio n” and “___”.【正确答案】 learing【你的答案】修改分数本题分数1分你的得分第6题 In 1882, ___ published a pamphlet which started the reform___ .【正确答案】 Victor ,movement【你的答案】修改分数本题分数1分你的得分第7题 The ___ Approach is an approach developed by British applied linguists from the 1930s to 1960s.【正确答案】 Oral【你的答案】修改分数本题分数1分你的得分第8题 The ___ Approach follows a Notional Syllabus and emphasizes the process of communication to get information, and using language for social interaction with other people.【正确答案】 Oral【你的答案】本题分数1分修改分数你的得分第9题 Krashen identifies three kinds of affective variables related to second language acquisition: motivation, self?confidence and ___.【正确答案】 anxiety【你的答案】本题分数1分修改分数你的得分第10题 The ___ Method uses dialogues as the chief means of presenting the language.【正确答案】 Audiolingual【你的答案】本题分数1分修改分数你的得分第11题 The ___ Method emphasizes on written language and memorization of grammatical rules.【正确答案】 Grammar?Translation【你的答案】本题分数1分修改分数你的得分第12题 The essence of Zhang Sizhong Method is the theory of ___.【正确答案】 psychological advantage【你的答案】本题分数1分修改分数你的得分第13题 According to Audiolingualism, there are three crucial elements in learning: a stimulus, a response and ___.【正确答案】 reinforcement【你的答案】本题分数1分修改分数你的得分第14题 ___, a linguist in America, is regarded as the father of American stracturalism.【正确答案】 Leonard Bloomfield【你的答案】本题分数1分修改分数你的得分第15题 The Approach ___ emphasizes on dictation, imitation and controlled oral?based reading and writing tasks.【正确答案】 Oral【你的答案】本题分数1分修改分数你的得分第16题 The core of the ___ Approach is language acquisition which is considered a subconscious process, dependent on two ___: the amount of the comprehensible input the students get, and the amount of input the students “allow in”.【正确答案】 Natural,factors【你的答案】修改分数本题分数1分你的得分第17题 The ___ Approach lays emphasis on actual language use, and use of techniques to make classroom simulate real language environment.【正确答案】 Communicative【你的答案】修改分数本题分数1分你的得分第18题 ___is a theory of the mind put forward by Sigmund Freud.【正确答案】 Psychoanalysis【你的答案】修改分数本题分数1分你的得分第19题 The Oral Approach is the first to establish ___ principles for teaching English as a ___ language.【正确答案】 theoretical,foreign【你的答案】本题分数1分修改分数你的得分第20题 The ___ Approach believes that mistakes are unavoidable in the creative use of language, an d students’ mistakes are a necessary and natural ___.【正确答案】 Cognitive,phenomenon【你的答案】三、Matching:(10%) Directions:This section consists of two groups of pairs listed in two columns,A and B.You are to match the one marked ①，②，③，④or ⑤ in C olumn A with the one marked a,b,c,d or e in Colum第1题 Column A1) Jean Piaget2) M.A.K.Halliday3) J.Schumann4) Joseph H.Greenberg5) B.F.SkinnerColumn Ba) field, tenor and mode conceptb)neo?behaviourismc)cognitive psychologyd)the hypothesis of linguistic universalse)the acculturation theory【正确答案】 1) c2) a3) e4) d5) b【你的答案】修改分数本题分数5分你的得分第2题 Column A1) ____ Language (1933)2) ____ Syntactic Structures (1957)3)____ How to Teach a Foreign Language (1904)4)____ The Practical Study of Languages (1899)5)____ Outline of English Phonetics (1918)Column Ba) Jaspersenb)Daniel Jonesc)Leonard Bloomfieldd)Henry Sweete)Noam Chomsky【正确答案】 1) c 2) e 3) a 4) d 5) b【你的答案】四、Questions for Brief Answers:(30%) Directions:This section has six questions.You are to answer them briefly.Five points are given to each question.第1题 How should language rules be learned according to the Direct Method?【正确答案】 Language rules are learned inductively through listening and speakingactivities. The teacher sets up a few carefully chosen illustrations of a rule andleads the students to discover the relationship of the new elements to otherspreviously learned and to formulate their observations into the rule governingexamples. In other words, students have to induce grammatical rules from examplesin the text. A language could best learned by being used actively in the classroom.【你的答案】本题分数5分你的得分修改分数第2题 How does the habit?formation theory explain the second language acquisition process?【正确答案】【你的答案】本题分数5分你的得分修改分数第3题 What is the difference between linguistic competence and linguistic performance?【正确答案】 Linguistic competence refers to the internalized knowledge of thelanguage that a native speaker of that language possesses. Linguistic performancerefers to the actual utterance produced by the native speakers.【你的答案】本题分数5分你的得分修改分数第4题 Does it make sense to you that language learning results from habit_formation?Why or why not?【正确答案】 To a certain extent, language learning results from habit formation.The model of stimulus?response?reinforcement accounts for how a human being learnsa language. In learning language, the stimulus is what is taught (language input),the response is the learner’s reaction to the stimulus, and the reinforcement is the praise of the teacher or fellow students. The habit is the result of stimulus, correct response and reward again and again. The more frequently this happens, the stronger the habit becomes. Language learning is a process of acquiring a set oflanguage stimulus?response chains, a mechanical process of habit formation. 【你的答案】本题分数5分你的得分修改分数第5题 How does the discourse theory explain the second language acquisition process?【正确答案】 Halliday thinks that the process of first language is actually the process of learning how to communicate in that language. Hatch agrees withHalliday’s views on first language acquisition and perceives little difference between the first language acquisition process and process of second languageacquisition—only through communication discourse can the learner acquire thesecond language.【你的答案】本题分数5分你的得分修改分数第6题Does it always matter if the “real world” is not being practised in the classroom? Why or why not?【正确答案】 The ideal language learning setting is to practise language as it is used in the real world. However, it is not always possible to do so because classroom setting is after all different from the outside world no matter how hard we try to simulate the real?world situation. And it is not always necessary to do so. Language learning and language teaching are considered at several stages. At the drilling stage, when the focus is on language form, the “real world” situation does not have to b e practised. But when the focus is on language communication and learners are engaged in communicative activities, the“real?world” situation does matter much.【你的答案】五、Questions for Long Answers:(20%) Directions:The two questions in this section are to be answered on the basis of your own teaching experience as well as the theoretical knowledge you’ve learned.Ten p第1题 How useful are the techniques used by a cognitive teacher to your English teaching and learning experience?【正确答案】 The rule learning, meaningful practice and creativity are the focusof English teaching and learning experience. Using these techniques is to help thelearner to understand English as a system, and to master the meaningful material,then to achieve successful communication. These techniques used by a cognitiveteacher can stimulate learners subjective activity and creativity, and raise theirlanguage competence and language performance. By using these techniques, theteacher can achieve the objectives of English teaching and learning experience:to develop intuitive thinking in learners; to develop strategies of language use,to enable the students to learn from errors.【你的答案】本题分数10分你的得分修改分数第2题Why is the Cognitive Approach interpreted as the “modern version ofGrammar?Translation Method”?【正确答案】The Cognitive Approach is interpreted as the “modern version of Grammar? Translation Method” because it has rediscovered valuable features i n Grammar? Translation Method. The Cognitive Approach comes from the Grammar?Translation Method but it is not a mechanical repetition of the latter, and has given up a one?sided and radical approach in the Grammar?Translation Method. It has some main features: language is an intricate rule?governed system; knowledge of language rules facilitates learning; learning is based on understanding; etc. It draws on the latest development of linguistics and psychology and studies foreign language teaching from the point of view of educational psychology, linguistic psychology and foreign language learning theories, hence makes itself morescientific. The American psychologist Carrol interpreted the Cognitive Approach as a “modified, up?to?date grammar translation theory.”【你的答案】。