商业银行管理答案
商业银行管理彼得S.罗斯第八版课后答案chapter_01
CHAPTER 1AN OVERVIEW OF BANKS AND THE FINANCIAL-SERVICES SECTORGoal of This Chapter: In this chapter you will learn about the many roles financial service providers play in the economy today. You will examine how and why the banking industry and the financial services marketplace as a whole is rapidly changing, becoming new and different as we move forward into the future. You will also learn about new and old services offered to the public.Key Topics in This Chapter•Powerful Forces Reshaping the Industry•What is a Bank?•The Financial System and Competing Financial-Service Institutions•Old and New Services Offered to the Public•Key Trends Affecting All Financial-Service Firms•Appendix: Career Opportunities in Financial ServicesChapter OutlineI. I ntroduction: P owerful Forces Reshaping the IndustryII. W hat Is a Bank?A. D efined by the Functions It Serves and the Roles It Play:B. B anks and their Principal CompetitorsC. Legal Basis of a BankD. D efined by the Government Agency That Insures Its DepositsIII.The Financial System and Competing Financial-Service InstitutionsA.Savings AssociationsB.Credit UnionsC.Money Market FundsD.Mutual FundsE.Hedge FundsF.Security Brokers and DealersG.Investment BankersH.Finance CompaniesI.Financial Holding CompaniesJ.Life and Property/Casualty Insurance CompaniesIV. T he Services Banks and Many of Their Closest Competitors Offer the PublicA. S ervices Banks Have Offered Throughout History1.Carrying Out Currency Exchanges2.Discounting Commercial Notes and Making Business Loans3.Offering Savings Deposits4.Safekeeping of Valuables and Certification of Value5.Supporting Government Activities with Credit6.Offering Checking Accounts (Demand Deposits)7.Offering Trust ServicesB. S ervices Banks and Many of Their Financial-Service Competitors HaveOffered More Recently1.Granting Consumer Loans2.Financial Advising3.Managing Cash4.Offering Equipment Leasing5.Making Venture Capital Loans6.Selling Insurance Policies7.Selling Retirement PlansC. Dealing in Securities: Offering Security Brokerage and Investment Banking Services1. Offering Security Underwriting2. Offering Mutual Funds and Annuities3. Offering Merchant Banking Services4. Offering Risk Management and Hedging ServicesV. Key Trends Affecting All Financial-Service FirmsA. S ervice ProliferationB. R ising CompetitionC. G overnment DeregulationD. A n Increasingly Interest-Sensitive Mix of FundsE. T echnological Change and AutomationF. C onsolidation and Geographic ExpansionG. C onvergenceH. G lobalizationVI. T he Plan of This BookVII. S ummaryConcept Checks1-1. What is a bank? How does a bank differ from most other financial-service providers?A bank should be defined by what it does; in this case, banks are generally those financial institutions offering the widest range of financial services. Other financial service providers offer some of the financial services offered by a bank, but not all of them within one institution.1-2. Under U.S. law what must a corporation do to qualify and be regulated as a commercial bank?Under U.S. law, commercial banks must offer two essential services to qualify as banks for purposes of regulation and taxation, demand (checkable) deposits and commercial loans. More recently, Congress defined a bank as any institution that could qualify for deposit insurance administered by the FDIC.1-3.Why are some banks reaching out to become one-stop financial service conglomerates? Is this a good idea in your opinion?There are two reasons that banks are increasingly becoming one-stop financial service conglomerates. The first reason is the increased competition from other types of financial institution s and the erosion of banks’ traditional service areas. The second reason is the Financial Services Modernization Act which has allowed banks to expand their role to be full service providers.1-4. Which businesses are banking’s closest and toughest com petitors? What services do they offer that compete directly with banks’ services?Among a bank’s closest competitors are savings associations, credit unions, money market funds, mutual funds, hedge funds, security brokers and dealers, investment banks, finance companies, financial holding companies, and life andproperty-casualty insurance companies. All of these financial service providers are converging and embracing each other’s innovations. The Financial Services Modernization Act has allowed many of these financial service providers to offer the public one-stop shopping for financial services.1-5. What is happening to banking’s share of the financial mark etplace and why? What kind of banking and financial system do you foresee for the future if present trends continue?The Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999 allowed many of the banks’ closest competitors to offer a wide array of financial services thereby taking away market share from “traditional” banks. Banks and their closest competitors are converging into one-stop shopping for financial services and this trend should continue in the future1-6. What different kinds of services do banks offer the public today? What services do their closest competitors offer?Banks offer the widest range of services of any financial institution. They offer thrift deposits to encourage saving and checkable (demand) deposits to provide a means of payment for purchases of goods and services. They also provide credit through direct loans, by discounting the notes that business customers hold, and by issuing credit guarantees. Additionally, they make loans to consumers for purchases of durable goods, such as automobiles, and for home improvements, etc. Banks also manage the property of customers under trust agreements and manage the cash positions of their business customers. They purchase and lease equipment to customers as an alternative to direct loans. Many banks also assist their customers with buying and selling securities through discount brokerage subsidiaries, the acquisition and sale of foreign currencies, the supplying of venture capital to start new businesses, and the purchase of annuities to supply future funding at retirement or for other long-term projects such as supporting a college education. All of these services are also offered by their closest competitors. Banks and their closest competitors are converging and becoming the financial department stores of the modern era.1-7. What is a financial department store? A universal bank? Why do you think these institutions have become so important in the modern financial system? Financial department store and universal bank refer to the same concept. A financial department store is an institution where banking, fiduciary, insurance, and security brokerage services are unified under one roof. A bank that offers all these services is normally referred to as a universal bank. These have become important because of convergence and changes in regulations that have allowed financial service providers to offer all services under one roof1-8. Why do banks and other financial intermediaries exist in modern society, according to the theory of finance?There are multiple approaches to answering this question. The traditional view of banks as financial intermediaries sees them as simultaneously fulfilling the financial-service needs of savers (surplus-spending units) and borrowers(deficit-spending units), providing both a supply of credit and a supply of liquid assets. A newer view sees banks as delegated monitors who assess and evaluate borrowers on behalf of their depositors and earn fees for supplying monitoring services. Banks also have been viewed in recent theory as suppliers of liquidity andtransactions services that reduce costs for their customers and, through diversification, reduce risk. Banks are also critical in the payment system for goods and services and have played an increasingly important role as a guarantor and a risk management role for customers.1-9. How have banking and the financial services market changed in recent years? What powerful forces are shaping financial markets and institutions today? Which of these forces do you think will continue into the future?Banking is becoming a more volatile industry due, in part, to deregulation which has opened up individual banks to the full force of the financial marketplace. At the same time the number and variety of banking services has increased greatly due to the pressure of intensifying competition from nonbank financial-service providers and changing public demand for more conveniently and reliably provided services. Adding to the intensity of competition, foreign banks have enjoyed success in their efforts to enter countries overseas and attract away profitable domestic business and household accounts.1-10. Can you explain why many of the forces you named in the answer to the previous question have led to significant problems for the management of banks and other financial firms and their stockholders?The net result of recent changes in banking and the financial services market has been to put greater pressure upon their earnings, resulting in more volatile returns to stockholders and an increased bank failure rates. Some experts see banks' role and market share shrinking due to restrictive government regulations and intensifying competition. Institutions have also become more innovative in their service offerings and in finding new sources of funding, such as off-balance-sheet transactions. The increased risk faced by institutions today, therefore, has forced managers to more aggressively utilize a wide array of tools and techniques to improve and stabilize their earnings streams and manage the various risks they face. 1-11. What do you think the financial services industry will look like 20 years from now? What are the implications of your projections for its management today? There appears to be a trend toward continuing consolidation and convergence. There are likely to be fewer financial service providers in the future and many of these will be very large and provide a broad range of financial services under one roof. In addition, global expansion will continue and will be critical to the survival of many financial service providers. Management of financial service providers willhave to be more technologically astute and be able to make a more diverse set of decisions including decisions about mergers, acquisitions and global expansion as well as new services to add to the firm.Problems and Projects1. You have just been hired as the marketing officer for the new First National Bank of Vincent, a suburban banking institution that will soon be serving a local community of 120,000 people. The town is adjacent to a major metropolitan area with a total population of well over 1 million. Opening day for the newly chartered bank is just two months away, and the president and the board of directors are concerned that the new bank may not be able to attract enough depositors and good-quality loan customers to meet its growth and profit projections. There are 18 other financial-service competitors in town, including two credit unions, three finance companies, four insurance agencies, and two security broker offices. Your task is to recommend the various services the bank should offer initially to build up an adequate customer base. You are asked to do the following:a.Make a list of all the services the new bank could offer, according to current regulations.b.List the type of information you will need about the local community tohelp you decide which of the possible services are likely to have sufficientdemand to make them profitable.c.Divide the possible services into two groups--those you think are essentialto customers and should be offered beginning with opening day, and thosethat can be offered later as the bank grows.d. Briefly describe the kind of advertising campaign you would like to run tohelp the public see how your bank is different from all the other financialservice providers in the local area. Which services offered by the nonblankservice providers would be of most concern to the new bank’smanagement?Banks can offer, if they choose, a wide variety of financial services today. These services are listed below. However, unless they are affiliated with a larger bank holding company and can offer some of these services through that company, it may be more limited in what it can offer.Regular Checking Accounts Management Consulting Services NOW Accounts Letters of CreditPassbook Savings Deposits Business Inventory Loans Certificates of Deposit Asset-Based Commercial Loans Money Market Deposits Discounting of Commercial Paper Automobile Loans Plant and Equipment Loans Retirement Savings Plans Venture Capital LoansNonauto Installment Loans to IndividualsResidential Real Estate Loans Leasing Plans for Business Property and EquipmentHome Improvement Loans Security Dealing and Underwriting Personal Trust Management Services Discount Security BrokerageCommercial Trust Services Institutional Trust Services Foreign Currency Trading and ExchangePersonal Financial Advising Personal Cash-Management ServicesInsurance Policy Sales (Mainly Credit-Life)Insurance Today (Except in Some States)) Standby Credit Guarantees Acceptance FinancingTo help the new bank decide which services to offer it would be helpful to gather information about some of the following items in the local community:School Enrollments and Growth in School EnrollmentsEstimated Value of Residential and Commercial PropertyRetail SalesPercentage of Home Ownership Among Residents in the AreaNumber and Size (in Sales and Work Force) of Local Business Establishments Major Population Locations (i.e., Major Subdivisions, etc.) and Any Projected Growth AreasPopulation Demographics (i.e., Age Distribution of the Area)Projected Growth Areas of Industries in the AreaEssential services the bank would probably want to offer right from the beginning includes:Regular Checking Accounts Home Improvement Loans Automobile and other Consumer-type Money Market Deposit Accounts Installment Loans Retirement Savings PlansNOW Accounts Business Inventory LoansPassbook Savings Deposits Discounting of High-QualityCommercial NotesResidential Real Estate LoansCertificates of DepositAs the bank grows, opportunities for the profitable sale of additional services usually increase, especially for trust services for individuals and smaller businesses and personal financial advising as well as some commercial (plant and equipment) loans and leases. Further growth may result in the expansion of commercial trust services as well as a widening variety of commercial loans and credit guarantees.The bank would want to develop an advertising campaign that sends a message to potential customers that the new bank is, indeed, different from its competitors. Small banks often have the advantage of offering highly personalized services in which their customers are known and recognized and services are tailored to each individual customer's special financial needs. Quality and reliability of banking service are often more important to individual customers than is price. A new bank must try to sell prospective customers, most of who will come from other banks in the area, on personalized services, quality, and reliability - all three of which should be emphasized in its advertising program.2. Leading money center banks in the United States have accelerated their investment banking activities all over the globe in recent years, purchasing corporate debt securities and stock from their business customers and reselling those securities to investors in the open market. Is this a desirable move by these banking organizations from a profit standpoint? From a risk standpoint? From the public interest point of view? How would you research their question? If you were managing a corporation that had placed large deposits with a bank engaged in such activities, would you be concerned about the risk to your company's funds? What could you do to better safeguard those funds?In the 1970's and early 1980's investment banking was so profitable that commercial bankers were lured into the investment banking business largely because of its greater profit potential than possessed by more traditional commercial banking activities. Later foreign banks, particularly the British and Japanese banking firms, began to attract away large corporate customers from U.S. banks, who were restrained by regulation from offering many investment banking services. Thus, U.S. banks ran into severe difficulty in simply trying to hold onto their traditional corporate credit and deposit accounts because they could not compete service-wise in the investment banking field. Today, banks are allowed to underwrite securities through either a subsidiary or through a holding company structure. This change occurred as part of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (Financial Services Modernization Act).Unfortunately, if investment banking is more profitable than traditional banking product lines, it is also more risky, consistent with the basic tenet of finance that risk and return are directly related. That is why the Federal Reserve Board has placed such strict limits on the type of organization that can offer these services. Currently, the underwriting of most corporate securities must be done through a subsidiary or as a separate part of the holding company so that, in theory at least, the bank is not responsible for any losses incurred. For this reason there may be little reason for depositors (including large corporate depositors) to be concerned about risk exposure from investment banking. Moreover, the ability to offer such services may make U.S. banks more viable in the long run which helps their corporate customers who depend upon them for credit.On the other hand, opponents of investment banking powers for bank operations inside the U.S. have some reasonable concerns that must be addressed. There are, for example, possible conflicts of interest. Information gathered in the investment banking division could be used to the detriment of customers purchasing other bank services. For example, a customer seeking a loan may be told that he or she must buy securities from the bank's investment banking division in order to receive a loan. Moreover, banks could gain effective control over some nonblank industrial corporations which might subject them to added risk exposure and place industrial firms not allied with banks at a competitive disadvantage. As a result theGramm-Leach-Bliley Act has built in some protections to prevent this from happening.3. The term bank has been applied broadly over the years to include a diverse set of financial-service institutions, which offer different financial service packages.Identify as many o f the different kinds of “banks” as you can. How do the “banks” you have identified compare to the largest banking group of all – the commercial banks? Why do you think so many different financial firms have been called banks? How might this terminological confusion affect financial-service customers?The general public tends to classify anything as a bank that offers some sort of financial service, especially deposit and loan services. Other institutions that are often referred to as a bank without being one are savings associations, credit unions, money market funds, mutual funds, hedge funds, security brokers and dealers, investment banks, finance companies, financial holding companies and life and property/casualty insurance companies. All of these institutions offer some of the services that a commercial bank offers, but generally not the entire scope of services. Since providers of financial services are normally called banks by the general public they are able to take away business from traditional banks and it is of utmost importance for commercial banks to clarify their unique position among financial services providers.4. What advantages can you see to banks affiliating with insurance companies? How might such an affiliation benefit a bank? An insurer? Can you identify any possible disadvantages to such an affiliation? Can you cite any real world examples of bank-insurer affiliations? How well do they appear to have worked out in practice?Before Glass-Steagall banks used to sell insurance services to their customers on a regular basis. in particular, banks would sell life insurance companies to loan customers to ensure repayment of the loan in case of death or disablement. These reasons still exist today and the right to sell insurances to customers again benefits banks in allowing them to offer their customers complete financial packages from financing the home or car to insure it, from giving investment advice to selling life insurance policies and annuities for retirement planning. Generally, a bank customer who is already purchasing a service from a bank might feel compelled to purchase an insurance product, as well. On the other hand, insurance companies sometimes have a negative image, which makes it more difficult to sell certain insurance products. Combining their products with the trust that people generally have in banks will make it easier for them to sell their products. The most prominent example of a bank-insurer affiliation is the merger of Citicorp and Traveler’s Insurance to Citigroup. However, given that Citigroup has sold Traveler’s Insurance indicates that the anticipated synergy effects did not materialize.5. Explain the difference between consolidation and convergence. Are these trends in banking and financial services related? Do they influence each other? How? Consolidation refers to increase in the size of financial institutions and the decline in the number of small independently owned banks and financial service providers. Convergence is the bringing together of firms from different industries to createconglomerate firms offering multiple services. Clearly, these two trends are related. In their effort to compete with each other, banks and their closest competitors have acquired other firms in their industry as well across industries to provide multiple financial services in multiple markets.6. What is a financial intermediary? What are their key characteristics? Is a bank a type of financial intermediary? Why? What other financial-services companies are financial intermediaries? What important role within the financial system do financial intermediaries play?A financial intermediary is a business that interacts with deficit spending individuals and institutions and surplus spending individuals and institutions. For that reason any financial service provider (including banks) is considered a financial intermediary. In their function as intermediaries they act as a bridge between the deficit and surplus spending units by offering financial services to the surplus spending individuals and then loaning those funds to the deficit spending individuals. Financial intermediaries accelerate economic growth by increasing the pool of available funds and lowering the risk of investments through diversification.。
《商业银行经营管理》试题及答案
《商业银行经营管理》综合练习一、单项选择题（下列每小题的备选答案中，只有一个符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选、不选均不得分。
本题共45个小题，每小题1分）1.近代银行业产生于（）。
A .英国B .美国C .意大利D .德国【答案】C2.1694年英国政府为了同高利贷作斗争，以满足新生的资产阶级发展工业和商业的需要，决定成立一家股份制银行（）。
A .英格兰银行B .曼切斯特银行C .汇丰银行D .利物浦银行【答案】A3.现代商业银行的最初形式是（）。
A .股份制银行B .资本主义商业银行C .高利贷性质银行D .封建主义银行【答案】B4.1897年在上海成立的（）标志着中国现代银行的产生。
A .交通银行B .浙江兴业银行C .中国通商银行D .北洋银行【答案】C5.（）是商业银行最基本也是最能反映其经营活动特征的职能。
A .信用中介B .支付中介C .清算中介D .调节经济的功能【答案】A6.单一银行制度主要存在于（）。
A .英国B .美国C .法国D .中国【答案】B7.商业银行的经营对象是（）。
A .金融资产和负债B .一般商品C .商业资本D .货币资金【答案】D8.对于发行普通股，下面的表述错误的是（）。
A .发行成本比较高B .对商业银行的股东权益产生稀释作用C .资金成本总要高于优先股和债券D .总资本收益率下降时，会产生杠杆作用【答案】D9.附属资本不包括（）。
A .未公开储备B .股本C .重估储备D .普通准备金【答案】B10.总资本与风险加权资本的比率不得低于（）。
A .7%B .8%C .9%D .10%【答案】B11.年初的资本/资产= 8%,各种资产为10亿元，年末的比例仍为8%,年末的未分配收益为0.2 亿元，银行的适度资本为（）。
A .12.5B .10C .10.2D .12.7【答案】A12.商业银行最主要的负债是（）。
A .借款B .发行债券C .各项存款D .资本【答案】C13.商业银行的（）是整个银行体系创造存款货币的基础。
商业银行经营与管理考试试题集及答案
商业银行经营与管理考试试题集及答案一、单选题1、历史上第一家股份制商业银行是（D）A威尼斯银行B阿姆斯特丹银行C纽伦堡银行D英格兰银行2、中国现代银行产生的标志是成立（C）A浙江兴业银行B交通银行C中国通商银行D中国银行3、银行借款人或交易对象不能按事先达成的协议履行义务的潜在可能性；也包括由于银行借款人或交易对象信用等级下降，使银行持有资产贬值是指（C）A、利率风险B、汇率风险C、信用风险D、经营风险4、国际清算银行通过了《巴塞尔协议》在（B）A、1986年B、1988年C、1994年D、1998年5、商业银行的资本计划可以分为多少个阶段（C）A、2个B、3个C、4个D、5个6、1996年1月，巴塞尔委员会允许银行采用自己的内部风险管理模型，但应同时满足定性与定量标准是通过制定（A）A、《测定市场风险的巴塞尔补充协议》B、《市场风险的资本标准建议》C、《预期损失和不可预见损失》D、《对证券化框架的变更》7、介于银行债券和普通股票之间的筹资工具，有固定红利收入，红利分配优于普通股票是（B）A、普通股B、优先股C、中长期债券D、债券互换8、可转让支付命令账户简称是（D）A、NCDs B MMDA C ATS D NOWs9、包括利息在内的花费在吸收负债上的一切开支，即利息成本和营业成本之和,它反映银行为取得负债而付出的代价是（C）A、利息成本B、营业成本C、资金成本D、相关成本10、商业银行票据结算的工具主要包括银行汇票、银行本票、支票和（B）A信用证B商业汇票C信用卡D提单11、是典型的含有期权性质的中间业务（A）A银行承诺B代理业务C银行担保D信托业务12、期权合约签定后，一但买方决定买进或卖出某金融资产时，卖方必须按照合约规定的内容无条件履行吗？（A）A是B不是C不一定D可以不履行13、商业银行国际业务的组织形式不包括（B）A代表处B代理行C分行D子公司或附属机构E合资联营银行14、回购协议属于商业银行（B）业务。
商业银行经营管理--试卷答案
1．历史上第一家资本主义股份制商业银行成立于_______。
A．1171年B．1609年C．1621年D．1694年（）2．银行资本内部融资的主要来源是_______。
A．发行普通股B．发行优先股C．未分配利润D．发行中长期债券（）3．非预期损失主要对应于。
A．一级资本B．二级资本 C．三级资本D．经济资本（）4．在商业银行存款中，所需流动性资金准备率最高的是_______。
A．稳定性货币负债 B．脆弱性货币负债C．安全性货币负债 D．游动性货币负债（）5．信用分析的原则主要有三种，即5W、5C、5P，三原则中对信用保证要求的描述为。
A.what；capacity；paymentB.how；collateral；protectionC.what；collateral；protectionD. how；collateral；protection（）6．借款人目前偿还贷款本息没有问题，但存在一些可能对偿还产生不利影响的因素，此种贷款是。
A．正常贷款B．关注贷款C．次级贷款D．不良贷款（）7．商业银行获取短期资金最简便的方法是_______。
A．同业拆借B．向央行再贴现C．证券回购D．国际金融市场融资（）8．对银行选择盈利资产具有最重要意义的成本概念是_______。
A. 利息成本B．资金成本C．其他成本D．可用资金成本（）9．商业银行首先必须坚持的经营原则是_______。
A．流动性B．安全性C．盈利性 D. 效益性（）10．按照银行流动性管理中的进取型原则，借入资金渠道不包括．．．_______。
A. 发行债券B. 向金融市场拆借资金C. 自身资产转换D. 大面额存单（）11．价格领导模型的利率基础是。
A．银行的短期贷款利率B．中央银行的再贴现率C．银行关系户的利率D．若干大银行统一的优惠利率（）12．利息保障倍数的计算公式是_______。
A. 税前净利/利息费用B．（税前息前利润+利息费用）/利息费用C. （税后利润+利息费用）/利息费用D．（税前净利+利息费用）/利息费用（）13．在对借款人财务状况进行分析时，杠杆比率的分析目的是帮助银行了解借款企业的。
商业银行管理彼得S.罗斯第八版课后答案chapter_01
商业银行管理彼得S.罗斯第八版课后答案chapter_01CHAPTER 1AN OVERVIEW OF BANKS AND THE FINANCIAL-SERVICES SECTORGoal of This Chapter: In this chapter you will learn about the many roles financial service providers play in the economy today. You will examine how and why the banking industry and the financial services marketplace as a whole is rapidly changing, becoming new and different as we move forward into the future. You will also learn about new and old services offered to the public.Key Topics in This ChapterPowerful Forces Reshaping the IndustryWhat is a Bank?The Financial System and Competing Financial-Service InstitutionsOld and New Services Offered to the PublicKey Trends Affecting All Financial-Service FirmsAppendix: Career Opportunities in Financial ServicesChapter OutlineI. I ntroduction: P owerful Forces Reshaping the IndustryII. W hat Is a Bank?A. D efined by the Functions It Serves and the Roles It Play:B. B anks and their Principal CompetitorsC. Legal Basis of a BankD. D efined by the Government Agency That Insures Its DepositsIII.The Financial System and Competing Financial-Service InstitutionsA.Savings AssociationsB.Credit UnionsC.Money Market FundsD.Mutual FundsE.Hedge FundsF.Security Brokers and DealersG.Investment BankersH.Finance CompaniesI.Financial Holding CompaniesJ.Life and Property/Casualty Insurance CompaniesIV. T he Services Banks and Many of Their Closest Competitors Offer the PublicA. S ervices Banks Have Offered Throughout History1.Carrying Out Currency Exchanges2.Discounting Commercial Notes and Making Business Loans3.Offering Savings Deposits4.Safekeeping of Valuables and Certification of Value5.Supporting Government Activities with Credit6.Offering Checking Accounts (Demand Deposits)7.Offering Trust ServicesB. S ervices Banks and Many of Their Financial-Service Competitors HaveOffered More Recently1.Granting Consumer Loans2.Financial Advising3.Managing Cash4.Offering Equipment Leasing5.Making Venture Capital Loans6.Selling Insurance Policies7.Selling Retirement PlansC. Dealing in Securities: Offering Security Brokerage and Investment Banking Services1. Offering Security Underwriting2. Offering Mutual Funds and Annuities3. Offering Merchant Banking Services4. Offering Risk Management and Hedging ServicesV. Key Trends Affecting All Financial-Service FirmsA. S ervice ProliferationB. R ising CompetitionC. G overnment DeregulationD. A n Increasingly Interest-Sensitive Mix of FundsE. T echnological Change and AutomationF. C onsolidation and Geographic ExpansionG. C onvergenceH. G lobalizationVI. T he Plan of This BookVII. S ummaryConcept Checks1-1. What is a bank? How does a bank differ from most other financial-service providers?A bank should be defined by what it does; in this case, banks are generally those financial institutions offering the widest range of financial services. Other financial service providers offer some of the financial services offered by a bank, but not all of them within one institution.1-2. Under U.S. law what must a corporation do to qualify and be regulated as a commercial bank?Under U.S. law, commercial banks must offer two essential services to qualify as banks for purposes of regulation and taxation, demand (checkable) deposits and commercial loans.More recently, Congress defined a bank as any institution that could qualify for deposit insurance administered by the FDIC.1-3.Why are some banks reaching out to become one-stop financial service conglomerates? Is this a good idea in your opinion?There are two reasons that banks are increasingly becoming one-stop financial service conglomerates. The first reason is the increased competition from other types of financial institution s and t he erosion of banks’ traditional service areas. The second reason is the Financial Services Modernization Act which has allowed banks to expand their role to be full service providers.1-4. Which businesses are banking’s closest and toughest com petitors? What services do they offer that compete directly with banks’ services?Among a bank’s closest competitors are savings associations, credit unions, money market funds, mutual funds, hedge funds, security brokers and dealers, investment banks, finance companies, financial holding companies, and life and property-casualty insurance companies. All of these financial service providers are converging and embracing each other’s innovations. The Financial Services Modernization Act has allowed many of these financial service providers to offer the public one-stop shopping for financial services.1-5. What is happening to banking’s share of the financial mark etplace and why? What kind of banking and financial system do you foresee for the future if present trends continue?The Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999 allowed many of the banks’ closest competitors to offer a wide array of financial services thereby taking away market share from “traditional” banks. Banks and their closest competitors areconverging into one-stop shopping for financial services and this trend should continue in the future1-6. What different kinds of services do banks offer the public today? What services do their closest competitors offer?Banks offer the widest range of services of any financial institution. They offer thrift deposits to encourage saving and checkable (demand) deposits to provide a means of payment for purchases of goods and services. They also provide credit through direct loans, by discounting the notes that business customers hold, and by issuing credit guarantees. Additionally, they make loans to consumers for purchases of durable goods, such as automobiles, and for home improvements, etc. Banks also manage the property of customers under trust agreements and manage the cash positions of their business customers. They purchase and lease equipment to customers as an alternative to direct loans. Many banks also assist their customers with buying and selling securities through discount brokerage subsidiaries, the acquisition and sale of foreign currencies, the supplying of venture capital to start new businesses, and the purchase of annuities to supply future funding at retirement or for other long-term projects such as supporting a college education. All of these services are also offered by their closest competitors. Banks and their closest competitors are converging and becoming the financial department stores of the modern era.1-7. What is a financial department store? A universal bank? Why do you think these institutions have become so important in the modern financial system? Financial department store and universal bank refer to the same concept. A financial department store is an institution where banking, fiduciary, insurance, and security brokerage services are unified under one roof. A bankthat offers all these services is normally referred to as a universal bank. These have become important because of convergence and changes in regulations that have allowed financial service providers to offer all services under one roof1-8. Why do banks and other financial intermediaries exist in modern society, according to the theory of finance?There are multiple approaches to answering this question. The traditional view of banks as financial intermediaries sees them as simultaneously fulfilling the financial-service needs of savers (surplus-spending units) and borrowers(deficit-spending units), providing both a supply of credit and a supply of liquid assets. A newer view sees banks as delegated monitors who assess and evaluate borrowers on behalf of their depositors and earn fees for supplying monitoring services. Banks also have been viewed in recent theory as suppliers of liquidity andtransactions services that reduce costs for their customers and, through diversification, reduce risk. Banks are also critical in the payment system for goods and services and have played an increasingly important role as a guarantor and a risk management role for customers.1-9. How have banking and the financial services market changed in recent years? What powerful forces are shaping financial markets and institutions today? Which of these forces do you think will continue into the future?Banking is becoming a more volatile industry due, in part, to deregulation which has opened up individual banks to the full force of the financial marketplace. At the same time the number and variety of banking services has increased greatly due to the pressure of intensifying competition from nonbank financial-service providers and changing public demand for more conveniently and reliably provided services. Adding to the intensity of competition, foreign banks have enjoyed success in their efforts to enter countries overseas and attract away profitable domestic business and household accounts.1-10. Can you explain why many of the forces you named in the answer to the previous question have led to significant problems for the management of banks and other financial firms and their stockholders?The net result of recent changes in banking and the financial services market has been to put greater pressure upon their earnings, resulting in more volatile returns to stockholders and an increased bank failure rates. Some experts see banks' role and market share shrinking due to restrictive government regulations and intensifying competition. Institutions have also become more innovative in their service offerings and in finding new sources of funding, such as off-balance-sheet transactions. The increased risk faced by institutions today, therefore, has forced managers to more aggressively utilize a wide array of tools and techniques to improve and stabilize their earnings streams and manage the various risks they face. 1-11. What do you think the financial services industry will look like 20 years from now? What are the implications of your projections for its management today? There appears to be a trend toward continuing consolidation and convergence. There are likely to be fewer financial service providers in the future and many of these will be very large and provide a broad range of financial services under one roof. In addition, global expansion will continue and will be critical to the survival of many financial service providers. Management of financial service providers willhave to be more technologically astute and be able to make a more diverse set of decisions including decisions about mergers, acquisitions and global expansion as well as new services to add to the firm.Problems and Projects1. You have just been hired as the marketing officer for the new First National Bank of Vincent, a suburban banking institution that will soon be serving a local community of 120,000 people. The town is adjacent to a major metropolitan area with a total population of well over 1 million. Opening day for the newly chartered bank is just two months away, and the president and the board of directors are concerned that the new bank may not be able to attract enough depositors and good-quality loan customers to meet its growth and profit projections. There are 18 other financial-service competitors in town, including two credit unions, three finance companies, four insurance agencies, and two security broker offices. Your task is to recommend the various services the bank should offer initially to build up an adequate customer base. You are asked to do the following:a.Make a list of all the services the new bank could offer, according to current regulations.b.List the type of information you will need about the local community tohelp you decide which of the possible services are likely to have sufficientdemand to make them profitable.c.Divide the possible services into two groups--those you think are essentialto customers and should be offered beginning with opening day, and thosethat can be offered later as the bank grows.d. Briefly describe the kind of advertising campaign you would like to run tohelp the public see how your bank is different from all the other financialservice providers in the local area. Which services offered by the nonblankservice providers would be of most concern to the new bank’smanagement?Banks can offer, if they choose, a wide variety of financial services today. These services are listed below. However, unless they are affiliated with a larger bank holding company and can offer some of these services through that company, it may be more limited in what it can offer.Regular Checking Accounts Management Consulting Services NOW Accounts Letters of CreditPassbook Savings Deposits Business Inventory Loans Certificates of Deposit Asset-Based Commercial Loans Money Market Deposits Discounting of Commercial Paper Automobile Loans Plant and Equipment Loans Retirement Savings Plans Venture Capital LoansNonauto Installment Loans to IndividualsResidential Real Estate Loans Leasing Plans for Business Property and EquipmentHome Improvement Loans Security Dealing and Underwriting Personal Trust Management Services Discount Security BrokerageCommercial Trust Services Institutional Trust Services Foreign Currency Trading and ExchangePersonal Financial Advising Personal Cash-Management ServicesInsurance Policy Sales (Mainly Credit-Life)Insurance Today (Except in Some States)) Standby Credit Guarantees Acceptance FinancingTo help the new bank decide which services to offer it would be helpful to gather information about some of the following items in the local community:School Enrollments and Growth in School EnrollmentsEstimated Value of Residential and Commercial PropertyRetail SalesPercentage of Home Ownership Among Residents in the AreaNumber and Size (in Sales and Work Force) of Local Business Establishments Major Population Locations (i.e., Major Subdivisions, etc.) and Any Projected Growth AreasPopulation Demographics (i.e., Age Distribution of the Area) Projected Growth Areas of Industries in the AreaEssential services the bank would probably want to offer right from the beginning includes:Regular Checking Accounts Home Improvement Loans Automobile and other Consumer-type Money Market Deposit Accounts Installment Loans Retirement Savings Plans NOW Accounts Business Inventory LoansPassbook Savings Deposits Discounting of High-QualityCommercial NotesResidential Real Estate LoansCertificates of DepositAs the bank grows, opportunities for the profitable sale of additional services usually increase, especially for trust servicesfor individuals and smaller businesses and personal financial advising as well as some commercial (plant and equipment) loans and leases. Further growth may result in the expansion of commercial trust services as well as a widening variety of commercial loans and credit guarantees.The bank would want to develop an advertising campaign that sends a message to potential customers that the new bank is, indeed, different from its competitors. Small banks often have the advantage of offering highly personalized services in which their customers are known and recognized and services are tailored to each individual customer's special financial needs. Quality and reliability of banking service are often more important to individual customers than is price. A new bank must try to sell prospective customers, most of who will come from other banks in the area, on personalized services, quality, and reliability - all three of which should be emphasized in its advertising program.2. Leading money center banks in the United States have accelerated their investment banking activities all over the globe in recent years, purchasing corporate debt securities and stock from their business customers and reselling those securities to investors in the open market. Is this a desirable move by these banking organizations from a profit standpoint? From a risk standpoint? From the public interest point of view? How would you research their question? If you were managing a corporation that had placed large deposits with a bank engaged in such activities, would you be concerned about the risk to your company's funds? What could you do to better safeguard those funds?In the 1970's and early 1980's investment banking was soprofitable that commercial bankers were lured into the investment banking business largely because of its greater profit potential than possessed by more traditional commercial banking activities. Later foreign banks, particularly the British and Japanese banking firms, began to attract away large corporate customers from U.S. banks, who were restrained by regulation from offering many investment banking services. Thus, U.S. banks ran into severe difficulty in simply trying to hold onto their traditional corporate credit and deposit accounts because they could not compete service-wise in the investment banking field. Today, banks are allowed to underwrite securities through either a subsidiary or through a holding company structure. This change occurred as part of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (Financial Services Modernization Act).Unfortunately, if investment banking is more profitable than traditional banking product lines, it is also more risky, consistent with the basic tenet of finance that risk and return are directly related. That is why the Federal Reserve Board has placed such strict limits on the type of organization that can offer these services. Currently, the underwriting of most corporate securities must be done through a subsidiary or as a separate part of the holding company so that, in theory at least, the bank is not responsible for any losses incurred. For this reason there may be little reason for depositors (including large corporate depositors) to be concerned about risk exposure from investment banking. Moreover, the ability to offer such services may make U.S. banks more viable in the long run which helps their corporate customers who depend upon them for credit.On the other hand, opponents of investment banking powers for bank operations inside the U.S. have some reasonableconcerns that must be addressed. There are, for example, possible conflicts of interest. Information gathered in the investment banking division could be used to the detriment of customers purchasing other bank services. For example, a customer seeking a loan may be told that he or she must buy securities from the bank's investment banking division in order to receive a loan. Moreover, banks could gain effective control over some nonblank industrial corporations which might subject them to added risk exposure and place industrial firms not allied with banks at a competitive disadvantage. As a result the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act has built in some protections to prevent this from happening.3. The term bank has been applied broadly over the years to include a diverse set of financial-service institutions, which offer different financial service packages.Identify as many o f the different kinds of “banks” as you can. How do the “banks” y ou have identified compare to the largest banking group of all – the commercial banks? Why do you think so many different financial firms have been called banks? How might this terminological confusion affect financial-service customers?The general public tends to classify anything as a bank that offers some sort of financial service, especially deposit and loan services. Other institutions that are often referred to as a bank without being one are savings associations, credit unions, money market funds, mutual funds, hedge funds, security brokers and dealers, investment banks, finance companies, financial holding companies and life and property/casualty insurance companies. All of these institutions offer some of the services that a commercial bank offers, but generally not the entire scope ofservices. Since providers of financial services are normally called banks by the general public they are able to take away business from traditional banks and it is of utmost importance for commercial banks to clarify their unique position among financial services providers.4. What advantages can you see to banks affiliating with insurance companies? How might such an affiliation benefit a bank? An insurer? Can you identify any possible disadvantages to such an affiliation? Can you cite any real world examples of bank-insurer affiliations? How well do they appear to have worked out in practice?Before Glass-Steagall banks used to sell insurance services to their customers on a regular basis. in particular, banks would sell life insurance companies to loan customers to ensure repayment of the loan in case of death or disablement. These reasons still exist today and the right to sell insurances to customers again benefits banks in allowing them to offer their customers complete financial packages from financing the home or car to insure it, from giving investment advice to selling life insurance policies and annuities for retirement planning. Generally, a bank customer who is already purchasing a service from a bank might feel compelled to purchase an insurance product, as well. On the other hand, insurance companies sometimes have a negative image, which makes it more difficult to sell certain insurance products. Combining their products with the trust that people generally have in banks will make it easier for them to sell their products. The most prominent example of a bank-insurer affiliation is the merger of Citicorp and Traveler’s Insurance to Citigroup. However, given that Citigroup has sold Traveler’s Insurance indicates that the anticipated synergy effects did notmaterialize.5. Explain the difference between consolidation and convergence. Are these trends in banking and financial services related? Do they influence each other? How? Consolidation refers to increase in the size of financial institutions and the decline in the number of small independently owned banks and financial service providers. Convergence is the bringing together of firms from different industries to createconglomerate firms offering multiple services. Clearly, these two trends are related. In their effort to compete with each other, banks and their closest competitors have acquired other firms in their industry as well across industries to provide multiple financial services in multiple markets.6. What is a financial intermediary? What are their key characteristics? Is a bank a type of financial intermediary? Why? What other financial-services companies are financial intermediaries? What important role within the financial system do financial intermediaries play?A financial intermediary is a business that interacts with deficit spending individuals and institutions and surplus spending individuals and institutions. For that reason any financial service provider (including banks) is considered a financial intermediary. In their function as intermediaries they act as a bridge between the deficit and surplus spending units by offering financial services to the surplus spending individuals and then loaning those funds to the deficit spending individuals. Financial intermediaries accelerate economic growth by increasing the pool of available funds and lowering the risk of investments through diversification.。
《商业银行经营管理》试题及答案
《商业银行经营管理》试题及答案商业银行经营管理试题及答案一、选择题1. 商业银行的主要职能是：A. 存款业务B. 贷款业务C. 外汇业务D. 所有上述选项答案：D. 所有上述选项2. 商业银行对存款人存款的约定性质是：A. 非法约定B. 合法约定C. 不确定性质D. 没有约定答案：B. 合法约定3. 商业银行的贷款业务包括：A. 公司贷款B. 个人贷款C. 房地产贷款D. 所有上述选项答案：D. 所有上述选项4. 商业银行的外汇业务主要包括：A. 外汇存款B. 外汇贷款C. 外汇兑换D. 所有上述选项答案：D. 所有上述选项5. 商业银行的主要收入来源是：A. 存款利息B. 贷款利息C. 手续费及佣金收入D. 所有上述选项答案：D. 所有上述选项二、问答题1. 商业银行的资产负债表由哪几部分构成？简要解释其内容。
答：商业银行的资产负债表由资产、负债和所有者权益组成。
其中，资产包括现金、存放在央行的存款、贷款、债券、固定资产等；负债包括存款、发行债券等；所有者权益指商业银行的净资产，即净值。
2. 商业银行如何实施贷款风险管理？答：商业银行实施贷款风险管理主要包括风险评估、风险控制和风险监测。
首先，通过对贷款申请人的信用评估和还款能力评估，确定贷款风险的大小。
其次，商业银行通过设定贷款额度、利率等方式来控制贷款风险。
最后，商业银行需对已发放的贷款进行监测，及时发现并采取措施应对潜在风险。
3. 商业银行的利润是如何形成的？答：商业银行的利润主要来自三个方面：利息收入、手续费及佣金收入和其他收入。
利息收入是商业银行主要的收入来源，包括通过贷款和存款产生的利息收入。
手续费及佣金收入包括为客户提供的各种金融服务所收取的费用。
其他收入包括投资收益、汇兑收益等非利息收入。
4. 商业银行如何管理流动性风险？答：商业银行管理流动性风险的方法包括设定合理的流动性管理政策、建立流动性风险管理框架、进行流动性压力测试等。
商业银行经营与管理答案
商业银行经营与管理1、单选题商业银行通过吸收存款、发放贷款衍生出更多的存款货币，从而增加社会的货币供应量，体现了商业银行的( ）职能。
(A）信用中介（B）支付中介√（C）信用创造（D）金融服务参考答案:C 我的答案：分值:4 得分：0.0我国商业银行多以（)组织形式出现.（A) 连锁银行制√(B）分支行制(C）单一银行制(D）银行控股公司制参考答案：B 我的答案：分值：4 得分：0。
0商业银行是（）性质的机构。
√（A）企业(B）社会团体(C) 国家机构(D）事业单位参考答案:A 我的答案：分值：4 得分：0.0商业银行最基本的、也是最能反映其经营管理活动特征的职能是( ）职能。
√（A) 信用中介（B）支付中介(C) 信用创造（D）金融服务参考答案：A 我的答案：分值：4 得分：0.0世界上大部分国家商业银行组织形式实行的是（)。
（A）单一银行制√（B) 分支行制（C）连锁银行制(D) 银行控股公司制参考答案:B 我的答案：分值:4 得分：0。
0商业银行在经营过程中，能够随时满足客户提存需要和客户合理的贷款要求是指商业银行经营管理中（）.（A) 安全性原则√(B) 流动性原则(C) 盈利性原则(D) 效益性原则参考答案：B 我的答案：分值：4 得分：0.0金融体系的一般框架中，处于核心地位的是（)。
（A）商业银行(B）专业银行√(C）中央银行(D）保险公司参考答案：C 我的答案：分值：4 得分：0.0商业银行的经营管理的最终目标是( ）。
（A）流动性(B）安全性√（C) 盈利性(D）效益性参考答案:C 我的答案: 分值：4 得分：0.0在资金的筹集和贷放过程中,商业银行充当资金借入者和资金贷出者的中介，此时商业银行行使（）职能。
√（A) 信用中介（B）支付中介(C) 信用创造(D) 金融服务参考答案:A 我的答案：分值：4 得分：0。
0一般来说,商业银行的安全性和流动性之间是（）关系。
（A）负相关√（B）正相关(C）无（D) 不确定参考答案:B 我的答案：分值:4 得分：0.02、多选题以下选项中属于商业银行经营原则的“三性”的是（？? ）.√（A）安全性？？√(B) 盈利性（C) 效益性√(D) 流动性(E) 社会性参考答案：A B D 我的答案：分值：4 得分：0商业银行是一个特殊的企业，它的特殊性体现在（).√(A）经营内容的特殊√（B）经营方式的特殊√（C）对社会影响的特殊(D）经营目标的特殊√(E) 国家对商业银行管理的特殊参考答案：A B C E 我的答案: 分值：4 得分：0分支行制的优点表现为（)。
商业银行管理第二次作业
在银行存储时间长、支取频率小，具有投资的性质并且是银行最稳定的外界资金来源的存款是（）。
∙A、A. 储蓄存款∙B、B. 定期存款∙C、C. 支票∙D、D. 活期存款标准答案：b说明：题号:4 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2债券投资者无法以适当的价格将所持债券转换成现金而可能蒙受的损失属于（）。
∙A、C.'A.操作风险∙B、B.价格风险∙C、利率风险∙D、D.流动性风险标准答案：d说明：题号:5 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2为弥补银行资本不足而发行的介于存款负债和股票资本之间的一种债务是（）。
∙A、A. 国际债券∙B、B. 国内债券∙C、C. 资本性债券∙D、D. 一般性债券标准答案：c说明：题号:6 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2商业银行主动通过金融市场或直接向中央银行融通资金采取的形式是（）。
∙A、A. 存款∙B、B. 非存款负债∙C、C. 货币市场存单∙D、D. 协定账户标准答案：b说明：题号:7 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2一种预先规定基本期限但又含活期存款某些性质的定期存款账户是（）。
∙A、A. 协定账户∙B、B. 储蓄存款∙C、C. 支票∙D、D. 定活两便存款账户标准答案：d说明：题号:8 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2银行对挤兑具有天然的敏感性，挤兑会造成银行的困难，主要是（）。
∙A、A. 流动性∙B、B. 盈利性∙D、D. 贷款总额标准答案：a说明：题号:9 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 在《巴塞尔协议》中信用风险转换系数为100%的有（）∙A、A.普通担保∙B、B.履约担保书∙C、C.投标保证书∙D、D.用于特别交易的备用信用证标准答案：a说明：题号:10 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 中央银行以外的投资人在二级市场上贴进票据的行为是（）。
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——培根阅读使人充实，会谈使人敏捷，写作使人精确。
商业银行管理重点习题答案P1275-11=800 净利息支出-总利息支出==2*总利息支出净利息收入=总利息收入∵总利息收入= $800 总利息支出∴总利息收入= 2*($800) = $1600非利息支=-0.25*非利息收入-非利息支出非利息支出净非利息收入=∵非利息收入=0.75*=-500 出= $2000 ∴总非利息收入= 0.75*($2000) = $1500 总非利息支出= .01*($1600) = $16 ∴贷款损失预提∵贷款损失预提=0.01*总利息收入=0.3*372=111.6 未缴所得税前净收入所得税=0.3*=372-111.6=260.4 所得税未缴所得税前净收入-∵税后净收入= = -股利=260.4-200=60.4-未分配利润增加额∴股利=税后净收入P1396-12ROE = 0.80*12 = 9.60 %ROE=ROA*股本乘数∵=9.6/0.6=16 ∴股本乘数6-13=12/50=24%/股本ROE=净收入=12/15=80% 税前净收入/赋税管理效率=净收入=15/100=15% 运营收入=税前净收入/成本控制效率=100/600=16.67%资产=运营收入/资产管理效率=600/50=12股本资产/=资金管理效率P1506-4（题目“资产负债表”内数据有误，书中已改）空格填写：1.总利息收入=贷款利息与服务费收入+证券利息与股利=50+6=562.利息总支出=存款利息支出+非存款借款的利息支出=40+6=463.利息净收入=总利息收入-利息总支出=56-46=104.非利息总支出=工资和雇员福利+营业费用+其他非利息开支=10+5+2=175.税前经营收入=利息净收入-贷款损失准备金+非利息收入和服务费收入-非利息总支出=10-5+20-17=86.税前净经营收入=税前经营收入+证券收益（损失）=8+2=107.净运营收入=税前净经营收入-税赋=10-2=8法拉兹·日·阿卜——学问是异常珍贵的东西，从任何源泉吸收都不可耻。
．阅读使人充实，会谈使人敏捷，写作使人精确。
——培根8.净收入=净运营收入+特别项目净收入=8+（-1）=7指标计算：1.ROE=净收入/总资本=7/80=8.75%2.ROA=净收入/总资产=7/980=0.71%3.利息净收益=利息净收入/总资产=10/980=1.02%4.资产利用率=总运营收入/总资产=（总利息收入+非利息收入和服务费收入）/总资产=（56+20）/980=76/980=7.76%5.权益乘数=总资产/总资本=980/80=12.256.税收管理效率=净收入/税前净经营收入=7/10=70%7.非利息净收益=非利息净收入/总资产=（非利息收入和服务费收入-非利息总支出）/总资产=（20-17）/980=0.31%8.经营净收益=（总运营收入-总运营成本）/总资产=[76-（46+5+17）]/980=8/980=0.82%9.收益率=总利息收入/总盈利资产-总利息支出/（生息存款+余额+留存收益）=56/860-46/710=0.033%10.净利润率=净收入/总运营收入=7/76=9.21%11.支出控制效率=税前净经营收入/总运营收入=10/76=13.16%12.资产管理效率=总运营收入/总资产=76/980=7.76%13.基金管理效率=总资产/总资本=980/80=12.2514.运营效率比率=总运营支出（含税收）/总运营收入=（46+5+17+2）/76=92.11%P1526.13今年ROA=（利息总收入-利息支出+非利息收入-非利息支出-贷款损失准备-收入税+证券净收益）/总资产=（40-24+4-8-2-1+2）/885=11/885=1.24%一年以前ROA=（利息总收入-利息支出+非利息收入-非利息支出-贷款损失准备-收入税+证券净收益）/总资产=（41-25+4-7-1-1+2）/880=13/880=1.48%两年以前ROA=（利息总收入-利息支出+非利息收入-非利息支出-贷款损失准备-收入税+证券净收益）/总资产=（42-26+3-7-1-0+1）/875=12/875=1.37%三年以前ROA=（利息总收入-利息支出+非利息收入-非利息支出-贷款损失准备-收入税+证券净收益）/总资产=（43-27+2-6-0-1+0）/860=10/860=1.16%四年以前ROA=（利息总收入-利息支出+非利息收入-非利息支出-贷款损失准备-收入税+证券净收益）/总资产=（44-28+1-5-0-0+0）/850=12/850=1.41%表各年份ROA变化趋势收入保持不变；非利息收入和非利息支出均在不断增加，非利息净收入基本维持稳定；贷款损失准备、证券净收益不断上升；总体来看，净收入基本保持稳定，总资产逐年上升，使得银行ROA 波动下降，这可能是由于银行正在逐年增加资产。
P26910-20法拉兹·日·阿卜——学问是异常珍贵的东西，从任何源泉吸收都不可耻。
．培根阅读使人充实，会谈使人敏捷，写作使人精确。
——万美元证券，是一种间隔期限政策；1100Bacone国民银行投资组合分为四个间隔一年的1.Dunham国民银行遵循杠铃期限策略。
是一个小规BaconeDunham国民银行追求流动性和高收益，而2.出现策略差异的原因在于模银行，只需进行简单易执行的策略。
P27110-10年，这期限相对较长，为使利率风险最小化，可选择债券投资组合的平均久期为4.5Sillistine )。
缩短债券组合久期或使用对冲工具(如期货、期权10-11这种经济预测说明收益率曲线是向上倾斜的；未来贷款需求上升。
1. 投资经理会考虑缩短投资组合久期。
2.，出售快驾驭收益率曲线策略”如果收益率曲线有足够大的正斜率，投资经理可以通过“3.到期、价格大幅上升的证券获得价格上升带来的资本利得，再投资收益率更高的更长期债券。
投资经理必须考虑到实施此策略的资本损失。
投资经理可以通过风险对冲工具降低风险。
10-12个月贷款需求、181.这种经济预测说明当前的收益率曲线应该是持平或向下倾斜的，未来产出、就业均下降。
投资组合经理应延长投资组合的久期，锁定现在的高利率。
2.久期缺口以及现投资经理还应根据资产负债表和利润表关注银行当的利率敏感型缺口、3.时盈余、税收现状。
10-13会建议该银行对证券投资组合做出改变。
1.因为随着商家总部、企业主的进入，该银行将面对越来越多的贷款需求。
这意味着银行 2.未来税收、流动性风险与信用风险均会增加。
为解决流动性风险，银行可能会考虑将五年期以上的证券减少，投入到较短期限的证券。
在税收的增加和信用风险增加方面，银行需要考虑哪个更为重要，若想减少信用风险，则可减少证券组合中市政债券的比例；若想减少税收，则可增加对市政债券的投资比例。
P29611-1净流动性头寸=[95+ 90+ 80+ 40+ 95] - [100+ 60+ 150+ 60+ 50]=400-420= - 20银行可以通过增加从货币市场的借款或者出售银行资产或者两者同时进行来满足其流动性需求。
11-4（数据有误，书中已改）存款流动性准备金=0.75*净热钱存款+0.20*净易变存款+0.05*净核心存款净热钱存款=（10-10*0.03）+5+（1200-1200*0.03）=1178.7净易变存款=（48.3-48.3*0.03）+[（65-48.3）-（65-48.3）*0.03]+152+（740-740*0.03）=932.85 法拉兹·日·阿卜——学问是异常珍贵的东西，从任何源泉吸收都不可耻。
．阅读使人充实，会谈使人敏捷，写作使人精确。
——培根净核心存款=（48.3-48.3*0.03）+[（85-48.3）-（85-48.3）*0.03]+450+（172-172*0.03）=699.29所以，存款流动性准备金=0.75*净热钱存款+0.20*净易变存款+0.05*净核心存款=0.75*1178.7+0.20*932.85+0.05*699.29=1105.5595预期贷款需求增加（下限）=2500*1.08=2700（百万）预期贷款需求增加（上限）=2550*1.08=2754（百万）因此，贷款需求增加额最小为2700-2500=200百万，最大为2754-2500=254百万总流动性准备金=贷款需求增加额+存款流动性准备金最小为200+1105.5595=1305.5595百万，最大为254+1105.5595=1359.5595百万P32412.11.核心存款/资产总额=50/625=8%大额可转让存单/资产总额=150/625=24%经纪人存款/资产总额=65/625=10.4%其他存款/资产总额=45/625=7.2%货币市场负债/资产总额=195/625=31.2%其他负债/资产总额=70/625=11.2%产权资本/资产总额=55/625=8.8%根据上述指标可以看出，该银行核心存款所占比例最低，而货币市场负债和大额可转让存单总和占到负债总额的50%以上，这种资产组合方式使得银行面临较高的利率风险敞口；该银行的经济人存款份额占比也较高，增加了银行的不稳定性和利率敏感程度。
因此，管理层应增加银行的核心存款以及其他较为稳定的存款来源。
2.如果利率大幅上升，该银行会立即面临更高的利息成本，而资产中只有6500万美元的利息收益不能迅速调整，银行的利润将缩小。
管理层需要改善银行资产负债表，转向收益更灵活的资产和成本更灵活的负债，还应更好的利用利率对冲工具。
5.表边际成本与边际收益根据上表可以看出，银行至多吸纳5亿元才能保证边际成本不超过边际收益，当银行吸纳6亿元时边际成本大于边际收益。
P34613-11法拉兹·日·阿卜——学问是异常珍贵的东西，从任何源泉吸收都不可耻。
．阅读使人充实，会谈使人敏捷，写作使人精确。
——培根根据题目可知，1.加权平均利息成本=利息成本/总存款与借入资金=14.25/700=2.04%2.收支平衡成本率=总成本/总资金=36/700=5.14%3.总历史加权平均资本成本=（收支平衡成本率*借入资金比例）+（股东权益税前成本*股权比例）=5.14%*（700/750）+6.5%*（50/750）=5.23%P39115-4总风险加权资产=（4+30.6）*0%+（4.0+20.5*0.2）*20%+66*50%+（105.3+25.5*0.5）*100%=152.67 一级资本-风险加权资产比例=7.5/152.67=4.91%总资本-风险加权资产比例=（7.5+5.8）/152.67=8.71%15-5总风险加权资产=（75+250）*0%+（130+87*0.2）*20%+375*50%+（520+145*0.5）*100%=809.48 总资本-风险加权资产比例=100/809.48=12. 35%该银行不存在资本不足。