新高考英语时文阅读高三专版(含答案解析及全文翻译)

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新高考高三英语时文阅读精选(含答案解析)

新高考高三英语时文阅读精选（含答案解析）AClimate protection and public health have striking similarities. The benefits of both can be enjoyed by everyone, even by individuals who do not contribute to the collective efforts to address these problems. If climate change slows down, both drivers of gas-guzzlers and electric cars will benefit — although the former did not help in climate efforts. Similarly, if the spread of Coronavirus is halted, individuals who refused to wash their hands, as well as the ones who washed them assiduously, will enjoy the restored normal life.Most countries have gotten their acts together, although behind time, on Coronavirus. Citizens also seem to be following the advice of public health officials. Could then the Coronavirus policy model be applied to climate change? We urge caution because these crises are different, which means that policies that worked well for Coronavirus might not be effective for climate change.Climate change is the defining crisis of our times. Floods, hurricanes, forest fires, and extreme weather events have become more frequent and severe over the years. Although climate change generates passionate discussions in big cities and university campuses, there is inadequate public call for immediate action. Some types of decarbonization policies are certainly in place. However, carbon-intensive lifestyles continue. This policy lethargy (无精打采) and behavioral inertia (惰性) are due to many reasons, including concerted opposition by the fossil fuel industry to deep decarbonization. But there are other reasons as well. Climate change is cumulative and does not have a quick onset. Its effects are not always immediate and visible. Many individuals probably do not see a clear link between their actions and the eventual outcome. This reduces the willingness to alter lifestyles and tolerate personal sacrifices for the collective good.In contrast, Coronavirus is forcing an immediate policy response and behavioral changes. Its causality is clear and its onset quick. Lives are at stake, especially in western countries. The stock markets are tanking, and the economy is heading towards a recession. Politicians recognize that waffling can lead to massive consequences, even in the short-term. Corona-skeptic President Trump has reversed course and declared a national emergency.1. What does the writer think climate protection and public health have in common?A. They can’t be influenced by what people do.B. They only benefit those who contribute to them.C. They usually punish those who do harm to them.D. They offer benefits to everyone whatever people do.2. Which word can take the place of the underlined word “assiduously”?A. Attentively.B. Absolutely.C. Abundantly.D. Alternatively.3. Why are people unwilling to change their carbon-intensive lifestyles?A. Because they think the climate is none of their business.B. Because they think what they do has no effect on the climate.C. Because they can’t see the quick result from what they do to the climate.D. Because they don’t clearly know how their lifestyles influence the climate.4. Which of the following does the author disagree with?A. President Trump had a skeptic attitude to coronavirus at first.B. Compared with climate change, coronavirus has a quick result.C. People are willing to change their lifestyles because of coronavirus.D. Many countries have responded to coronavirus quickly and effectively.BRobots, Not Humans, Are the New Space Explorers “Since the days of Apollo, the greatest adventures in space have been these robots that have gone all over the solar system,” says Emily Lakdawalla, a self-described planetary evangelist①at the Planetary Society.By “these robots,” Lakdawalla means the various robotic probes that have flown past planets, moons and asteroids②— orbiting③some, landing on others.Millions of people around the world have watched with delight as the six-wheeled rovers④have trundled across the Martian surface, snapping pictures and taking selfies.At Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C., Matthew Shindell says visitors make a point of coming to the planetary exhibit in a gallery tucked into the west end of the museum.Shindell is the museum’s planetary science curator⑤. A prominent⑥feature of the gallery is a large glass case containing versions⑦of all the rovers that NASA has sent to Mars, from the tiny Sojourner rover that landed in 1997 to the 2,000-pound Curiosity rover that arrived in 2012.“People love to come and see the rovers and really get a sense of what they look like up close and their actual scale,” Shindell says.Mars has a mystique all its own, so perhaps it’s not surprising that people find exploring the red planet enticing. But the New Horizons fly-by of Pluto, the Messengerclose encounter with Mercury, and Juno’s buzzing⑧over Jupiter's poles all have generated great public interest.Elkins-Tanton says she and her team are inviting the public to explore Psyche with them.“We’re going to be sending the images that we get out onto the Internet for everyone in the world to see within a half-hour of our receiving them,”she says. “So everyone in the world is going to see this crazy world at the same time and we can all scratch our heads together.”This idea of sharing the experience of space missions is something NASA has embraced. Lakdawalla says the public has been able to see the passion and commitment of the scientists who work on these robotic explorers.“Now you recognize that robotic exploration is human exploration,” she says. “It's just that the humans are back on Earth and the robots are going where humans can’t currently go.”CIn reaction to the coronavirus pandemic, some schools and education institutions are rushing to move their classes and programs online. It’s not going to go well. It’s already not going well. But in the end, in a year or two maybe, the online education adventure we’re watching may be worth the pain, but not in the way you may imagine.We probably should not look sideways at schools that are trying to keep their programs running by turning to online options. It can easily seem like the best of the bad options. But it started badly. As college Presidents, Boards, Superintendents and others were wrestling with these awful choices, they were flooded with solicitations from profit-seeking companies offering to move them online. It was unseemly — like the fire department calling you in the middle of a house fire to offer assistance, for a reasonable fee.That’s not to say all the companies that sell online education platforms and services are behaving that way. But we can say that many of them viewed this crisis as an outstanding business opportunity. So, just in case any education leaders didn’t know how these companies behaved, more do now. That’s good. It’s a taste that will likely linger. The other thing that’s happening is that, for the schools that are attempting to migrate online, they are learning what that means. Theirteachers and students are too.Conversations are already dripping with regret and shocked awareness of how poor the quality of online education is, how implausible it is to actually make work. On social media, teachers have been surprised by the lack of control, lack of engagement, lack of accountability in virtual classrooms. “Zoom University” has been trending on Twitter. It even has a logo, which is not a compliment.1. What is the real intention for companies to offer online service?A. To make money in the coronavirus pandemic.B. To prepare for the online learning in the future.C. To help students with study in the coronavirus pandemic.D. To help schools move class online in the coronavirus pandemic.2. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “implausible”?A. Irresistible.B. Impossible.C. Irregular.D. Immoral.3. What’s the attitude of the author towards “Zoom University”?A. Optimistic.B. Critical.C. Neutral.D. Indifferent.4. The purpose of this passage is to show that_______.A. the coronavirus influences education very seriouslyB. schools have to offer online education because of the coronavirusC. online education should be cancelled because of its poor qualityD. online education is poor since companies just want to make moneyDWith Cats or Dogs Can ‘Significantly’ Reduce StressCollege is stressful. Students have classes, papers, and exams. But they also often have work, bills to pay, and so many other pressures common in modern life.Many universities have instituted “Pet Your Stress Away” programs, where students can come in and interact with cats and/or dogs to help alleviate①some of the strain.Scientists at Washington State University have recently demonstrated that, in addition to improving students’ moods, these programs can actually get “under the skin” and have stress-relieving physiological benefits.“Just 10 minutes can have a significant impact,” said Patricia Pendry, an associate professorin WSU’s Department of Human Development. “Students in our study that interacted with cats and dogs had a significant reduction in cortisol②, a major stress hormone.”Pendry published these findings with WSU graduate student Jaymie Vandagriff last month in AERA Open, an open access journal published by the American Educational Research Association.This is the first study that has demonstrated reductions in students’ cortisol levels during a real‑life intervention rather than in a laboratory setting.The study involved 249 college students randomly③divided into four groups. The first group received hands on interaction in small groups with cats and dogs for 10 minutes. They could pet, play with, and generally hang out with the animals as they wanted.To compare effects of different exposures to animals, the second group observed other people petting animals while they waited in line for their turn. The third group watched a slide-show of the same animals available during the intervention④, while the fourth group was “waitlisted”. Those students waited for their turn quietly for 10 minutes without their phones, reading materials, or other stimuli, but were told they would experience animal interaction soon.Several salivary cortisol samples were collected from each participant, starting in the morning when they woke up. Once all the data was crunched⑤from the various samples, the students who interacted directly with the pets showed significantly less cortisol in their saliva⑥after the interaction. These results were found even while considering that some students may have had very high or low levels to begin with.“We already knew that students enjoy interacting with animals, and that it helps them experience more positive emotions,” Pendry said. “What we wanted to learn was whether this exposure would help students reduce their stress in a less subjective way. And it did, which is exciting because the reduction of stress hormones may, over time, have significant benefits for physical and mental health.”Now Pendry and her team are continuing this work by examining the impact of a four-week-long animal-assisted stress prevention program. Preliminary results are very positive, with a followup study showing that the findings of the recently published work hold up. They hope to publish the final results of that work in the near future.EThese days many workers feel pushed, filed, indexed and numbered. When they apply for a job, they may be assessed by artificial intelligence, which parses resumes for key words without which an applicant’s odds of an interview lengthen. Based on works like “Evidence-Based Recruiting” by Atta Tarki, who claims that scores in general-mental-ability tests have a strong 65% correlation with job performance, firms may ask candidates to take an intelligence test.When they get a job, employees find the indexing and numbering continues. Workers at warehouses have to pick a certain number of items per hour; those at call-centers are assessed by software that monitors their hourly number of calls, and the amount of time spent on each one. Fall behind the target and you may feel unable to take a break. When their task is completed, employees are often rated again, this time by the customers.Manufacturing workers have long faced these kind of numerical targets, as well as the need to clock in and out of work. The big change is that similar metrics and rating systems are spreading to more and more parts of the economy. Academics get rated by students; nurses may be judged on a “behaviorally anchored rating scale” which assesses how much empathy they showed to patients.Ratings are at the heart of the gig economy, where workers are connected with employers and customers via the internet. Just as TripAdvisor ratings allow holidaymakers to assess hotels, Uber drivers get a score out of five.Such systems are understandable in parts of the economy where output is difficult to measure precisely. But they can be arbitrary. People might give an Uber driver a poor rating because they are in a bad mood or because they encountered unexpected traffic disruption.Gianpiero Petriglieri of the INSEAD business school says that, since firms no longer offer jobs for life, everyone is an independent worker whether they like it or not. The key passage in your CV may not be the universities you attended, but your rating in categories like teamwork, innovation and adaptability.1. Why are employees asked to have a test?A. Its result has relation with their working performance.B. Boss wants to get an understanding of their personality further.C. Its result shows if they can bear the pressure of assessment.D. It is a part of recruiting process.2. Which industry uses the numerical rating system earlier than other industries?A. Service industry.B. Education industry.C. Manufacture industry.D. Agriculture industry.3. What does Gianpiero Petriglieri mean in the last paragraph?A. Employees are interrelated since they work in the same company.B. People should focus on their education background in the resumes.C. Rating system might be misused in some occasions.D. Your performance in rating system should be highlighted.4. Where is this article mostly likely from?A. A newspaper.B. A novel.C. A science fiction.D. A research paper.A【答案】1-4 DACD【解析】本文是说明文。

新高考英语时文阅读高三专版特训(含答案解析及原文翻译)

新高考英语时文阅读高三专版特训（含答案解析及原文翻译）AThe life of FM-2030, a transhumanist (超人文主义者) who believed humans will be able to end natural death in the future using technology, is explored in a new documentary. The film, titled‘2030’, was released late last month and is available across multiple streaming platforms. It was made by British filmmaker Johnny Boston who interviewed a range of FM-2030’s acquaintances and scientific experts.Transhumanists believe humans can and should use emerging future technology to greatly enhance their natural abilities. These technologies could include robotics, AI, gene therapy preventing the ageing process. This could radically change what it means to be a member of our species.FM-2030 was born in Brussels in 1930 named Fereidoun M. Esfandiary. The son of an Iranian diplomat, he later changed his legal name to mark his belief that by 2030 we will be ageless and everyone will have an excellent chance to live forever.FM-2030 wrote a number of books around life extension and transhumanist topics, and is widely regarded as one of the founding fathers of the modern transhumanist movement. After his death in 2000, FM-2030’s body was placed in cryonic suspension in Arizona.Mr Boston commented: “I met FM-2030 and that was his legal name when I was about 11 or12 years old. He’d come to London with his partner at the time and they stayed with us. This was in the early 80s when he had these really off the wall ideas that we were going to live on indefinitely and that there was going to be a much more progressive politics. He talked about we were going to communicate brain to brain. There was going to be a machine that you could put in various characteristics and it was going to print stuff.”Mr Boston went on to produce a number of videos outlining FM-2030’s ideas. He did a seriesof films called the future of democracy that came out of talks that FM had done. He said,“FM really talks about what the future holds in terms of how we govern ourselves. He thinks we’ve got to useAI.”1. What will happen in the future according to transhumanists?A. Humans will die in a natural state.B. Humans’life span will remain limited.C. Humans will not need language any longer.D. Humans’abilities will be largely improved by technologies.2. Why did Fereidoun M. Esfandiary change his name to FM-2030?A. Because his father forced him to do so.B. Because he didn’t like his former name at all.C. Because he wanted to flag his transhumanist faith.D. Because he thought human would end natural death in 2030.3. What does the underlined phrase “off the wall”in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Dull.B.Ambiguous.C. Ridiculous.D. Upset.4. Which can be the best title for the passage?A. The Uncertain Future.B. The Film Called 2030.C. The Ideas of Transhumanists.D. FM-2030—ATranshumanistBPrepare for Water Day ZeroEarlier this year ominous①headlines blared that Cape Town, South Africa, was headed for Day Zero—the date when the city's taps would go dry because its reservoirs②would become dangerously low on water. That day—originally expected in mid-April-has been postponed until at least 2019 as of this writing, thanks to water rationing③and a welcome rainy season. But the conditions that led to this desperate situation will inevitably occur again, hitting cities all over the planet.As the climate warms, extreme droughts and vanishing④water supplies will likely become more common. But even without the added impact of climate change, normal rainfall variation plays an enormous role in year-to-year water availability. These ordinary patterns now have extraordinary effects because urban populations have had a tremendous growth spurt⑤: by 2050 the United Nations projects that two thirds of the world's people will live in cities. Urban planners and engineers need to learn from past rainfall variability to improve their predictions and take future demand into account to build more resilient infrastructure.How did Cape Town get into a Day Zero situation? The city gets its water from six reservoirs in Western Cape Province, which usually fill up during the rainy season, from May through August. But since 2015 the region has been suffering from the worst drought in a century, and the water in those reservoirs dwindled⑥dangerously. Compounding the problem, Cape Town's population has grown substantially, increasing demand. The city actually did a pretty good job of keeping demand low by reducing leaks in the system, a major cause of water waste, and has even won awards for its conservation policies. But the government of South Africa was slow to declare a national disaster in the areas hit hardest by the drought, paving the way for the recent crisis. Cape Town is not alone. Since 2014 southeastern Brazil has been suffering its worst water shortage in 80 years, resulting from decreased rainfall, climate change, poor water management, deforestation and other factors. And many cities in India do not have access to municipal water for more than a few hours a day, if at all. For example, the city of Shimla ran out of drinking water in May, prompting⑦locals to beg tourists to stay away from the popular Himalayan summer retreat.The water infrastructure in many Indian cities is old and leaky, but city governments have not repaired it. Municipalities have, however, given free electricity to farmers for irrigation, depleting local groundwater stocks.In the U.S, the situation is somewhat better, but many urban centers still face water problems. California's recent multiyear drought led to some of the state's driest years on record. Fortunately, about half of the state's urban water usage is for landscaping, so it was able to cut back on that fairly easily. But cities that use most of their water for more essential uses, such as drinking water, may not be so adaptable. In addition to the problems that drought, climate change and population growth bring, some cities face threats of contamination ⑧; crises such as the one in Flint, Mich., arose because the city changed the source of its water, causing lead to leach into it from pipes. If other cities are forced to change their water suppliers, they could face similar woes. Fortunately, steps can be taken to avoid urban water crises. In general, a "portfolio approach"that relies on multiple water sources is probably most effective. Cape Town has already begun implementing a number of water-augmentation projects, including tapping groundwater andbuilding water-recycling plants. Many other cities will need to repair existing water infrastructure to cut down on leakage.Metropolitan leaders should be thinking about meeting long-term needs rather than just about daily requirements. Good organization and financial responsibility are equally critical. And planning efforts should include diverse stakeholders from the community. One major challenge is providing services to informal areas, which develop at random, without any government foresight.Such regions often lack basic resources—a well-planned water supply among them.The global community has an opportunity right now to take action to prevent a series of Day Zero crises. If we don't act, many cities may soon face a time when there isn't a drop to drink.CSupermoon observers are in for a treat tonight when March's Worm Moon arrives in the skies. Stargazers are in for a treat as they may be able to spot the Moon looking bigger and brighter with the naked eye.The term ‘Supermoon’was coined by the astrologer Richard Nolle in 1979 and refers to either a New or Full Moon that occurs when the Moon is within 90 percent of perigee (近地点).Full Moons occur when the Moon is on the opposite side of Earth to the Sun. This results in the surface of Earth’s natural satellite being fully illuminated (照亮). Supermoons occur when a Full Moon reaches the perigee —the point in the orbit of the Moon when it is closest to the Earth. The opposite of the perigee is the apogee —when the Moon reaches this point where it is thought to look much smaller than usual.Dr Daniel Brown, an astronomy expert at Nottingham Trent University, has revealed there is in reality little to distinguish them from a “normal”Full Moon.He added: “A Supermoon is usually defined as the largest full moon possible. Either way, this Full Moon is occurring when the Moon is a little bit closer to Earth than it is during other full moons. This is a time when many become excited and want to observe the Moon themselves, particularly as the moon rises and sets, which offers fantastic photographic opportunities.”However, in reality supermoons are never huge at all so don’t get fooled in thinking that you can see it being larger than usual. Supermoons appear only 14 percent larger than the smallest possible moon. The so-called ‘Moon illusion’will make the moon appear much larger than it really is, when it is close to the horizon, but that happens for any full moon or moon phase you observe.In a typical year, there can be three or four Full Supermoons in a row. Those who miss out on today’s event should not worry as two more Super Moons will appear later in the year.1. People can observe the Supermoon when .A. a Full Moon exactly reaches the apogeeB. the Moon reaches the side of the SunC. a Full Moon almost reaches the perigeeD. the Earth’s surface is being fully lighted2. What do we know about the Supermoon?A. It becomes actually much larger than usual.B. It provides valuable opportunities to take photos.C. It is easy to tell the Supermoon from a common Full Moon.D. There is only one chance to observe the Supermoon this year.3. What does the underlined word “illusion”in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Fantasy.B. Beauty.C. Appearance.D. Observation.4. Where can you find the text?A. In a travel brochure.B. From a science fiction.C. In a science magazine.D. In a research paper.DThese 3D PortraitsAre Created from Strangers’DNAWherever you go, you leave behind a little bit of yourself: hair, skin flakes①, your saliva ②on a coffee cup or cigarette and so on. How much information do these traces hold? What if it was possible to recreate your likeness based on the DNA you leave behind?Artist Heather Dewey-Hagborg has been exploring these ideas through her piece Stranger Visions. In 2012, she collected chewing gum③, cigarette butts ④and other discarded⑤items from public places in New York City, and used these create a series of 3D portraits based on the DNA from these found objects.“I was very lucky that the world's first community biology lab had just opened up down the street from me in Brooklyn,”says Dewey-Hagborg. “It’s called Genspace, and I took a crash course there with Ellen Jorgensen and learned the basics [of DNAanalysis].”With help from Genspace, she learned how to isolate DNA from the items she picked up, and amplify certain parts of it using the same type of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process that forensic⑥scientists use to find a match between a suspect and crime scene evidence. In that situation, they would focus on regions of DNA that are usually different between people, and compare them to see if they’re the same.But creating a likeness of someone’s face based on segments of found DNA is not nearly as straightforward⑦. Dewey-Hagborg used PCR to amplify certain regions of the DNA that are associated with visible traits, such as eye color or nose size, for example. She would send these samples to a lab to read the DNA sequence⑧－the order of As, Cs, Gs and Ts that make up the genetic code－and then look up which trait was associated with that particular genetic variant.“I started making this very basic list of these kinds of associations with what are called SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms, drawing on resources like 23andMe and a site called SNPedia, which is like Wikipedia for SNPs.”From there, Dewey-Hagborg used a mathematical model of the face that she could edit using software to represent the facial characteristics suggested by the DNA sample. That then formed the basis for the 3-D printed, life-sized model of the face.EJigsaw puzzles aren’t just fun. They can also relieve anxiety, especially when you put them together, well, together.While out shopping for Christmas presents in 2018, I bought myself a jigsaw puzzle on a whim. It was an unusual buy, one that I now recognize as an attempt at dealing with that particular stress many of us experience during the holidays. Don’t get me wrong —I love seeing my family.But holiday get-togethers have a way of putting any personal shortcomings at centre stage. This cheery pink puzzle had everything I felt I needed to distract myself in one box. And at $20, the price was right. Why not?Robyn Breen, a dance instructor at Misfitstudio in Toronto, Canada, knows the feeling. At a family gathering years ago, Breen was reintroduced to puzzles and fell in love with its soothing effect. “Ithought, Whoa, I feel really good when I’m doing this. I feel really chill,”she recalls.Breen suffers from anxiety, and when she was having worrisome thoughts about an upcoming trip to Nicaragua, she turned to puzzling instead of prescription medication.Susan Vandermorris is a clinical neuropsychologist at Toronto’s Baycrest Health Sciences, a global leader in brain health and aging research. Any type of puzzle is good for the brain and points to the stress-relieving benefits of jigsaws, in particular, she says. “If you’re doing a puzzle, you are disconnected and engaged in a task that’s immersive, away from the interruptions and stresses of day-to-day life,”she explains. “And that, of course, is good for your brain.”Vandermorris believes that doing puzzles with others boasts even more health benefits than doing them on your own, adding that it provides a rare opportunity for intergenerational engagement. “Get the teenagers off their smartphones and working on a puzzle with Grandma, and suddenly you’ve got a really nice family interaction that seems to be harder and harder to come by these days,”she adds.1. What is the advantage of jigsaw puzzles for the author?A. They can kill time.B. They can bond family together.C. They can divert one’s attention.D. They can expose personal shortcomings2. Why did Robyn Breen choose jigsaw puzzles instead of prescription drugs?A. Because he thought the medicine had side effects.B. Because he felt the jigsaw puzzles were more comforting.C. Because he didn't have enough money to buy drugs.D. Because he felt chill when taking medicine.3. Why are jigsaw puzzles good for brain according to Susan Vandermorris?A. Because you can be away from the interruptions and stresses.B. Because you can be disconnected from your friends.C. Because you can engage in a tough task.D. Because jigsaw puzzle is a game played by one person.4. What can we infer from the last sentence in the last paragraph?A. People have few opportunities to interact with their family.B. Doing puzzles on your own can also bring some benefits.C. It’s very hard to have a nice family communication because of mobile phones.D. People need to do jigsaw puzzles everyday so that they can have a nice family interaction.A【答案】1~4 DCCD【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了FM-2030 的一生以及他的超人类主义理念。

高考英语时文阅读及完形填空(含答案解析)

时文阅读化月球尘埃为生命之氧月球，宇宙中一颗美丽而又神秘的星体。

从中国古代的嫦娥奔月到世界近代的阿姆斯特朗登月，人类从未放弃对月球的探索。

带着对这颗神秘星球的好奇与向往，科学家近期从仿制的月壤中成功分离出氧气，这项新技术将推动人类登月计划走向新纪元。

1. How will the process benefit humans according to the study?A. By creating warm air for researchers on the moon.B. By providing rocks for the production of minerals.C. By testing the weight of the oxygen contained in moon dust.D. By offering oxygen for people conducting studies on the moon.2. What makes oxygen difficult to produce during the ESA’s experiment?A. Its poor quality.B. Its small quantity.C. Its form of existence.D. Its complex structure.3. Why does the author mention Beth Lomax in the third paragraph?A. To show the history of ESA’s pilot plant.B. To stress the importance of the ESA’s study.C. To explain the theory of the ESA’s research.D. To present the process of the ESA’s experiment.4. What is the “bonus” in the new process?A. Usable metals.B. Fresh oxygen.C. Rare minerals.D. Precious glass.5. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. ESA has discovered new materials on the moon.B. ESA and NASA plan to land man on the moon again.C. NASA will send more astronauts to the moon in 2024.D. NASA and ESA will cooperate to do research on the moon.【参考答案】DCBAB单词学习1. planetary adj. 行星的 a planetary system 行星系2. regolith n. 月壤；表土；风化层3. sample n. 样本 a sample survey 抽样调查4. lunar settler 月球移民5. rocket fuel 火箭燃料6. metallic adj. 含金属的；金属制的metallic compounds 金属化合物长难句分析ESA officials say the latest experiments were part of expanded engineering development aimed at finding new ways for lunar materials to be used to support future human activities.【分析】主语为“ESA officials”，谓语为“say”。

新高考高二英语时文阅读专版特训(含原文翻译及经典解析)

新高考高二英语时文阅读专版特训（含原文翻译及经典解析）AMy parents and I lived upstairs over my aged and infirm paternal grandparents. All of ushelped make the grandparents’day-to-day lives as comfortable as possible. But Granny was gradually going blind and Gramps suffered from the effects of two strokes (中风).Granny’s mind was sharp. It was my job to help her with the daily newspaper’s crossword puzzle. It made no difference if I had studying or a date. I so often think of the fall when Granny got the chance to “be useful again.”Her niece had leased one of those lunch stands on the fairgrounds and she and her daughter would be staying in town during the week-long fair. Though Gran’s relatives would have little time to rest, they would need a place to stay. There was no spare room; what to do?Granny stumbled around, thinking all the help she could get, and before long the attached woodshed had been made into comfortable sleeping quarters for the two women. Granny would take in a few dollars for “putting up”her relatives, but the best was yet to come! Within a day or two, the two women got behind at the lunch stand, finding that simple sandwiches sold like hotcakes. Since they opened early, the fair employees themselves bought their breakfasts there, keeping the two women overly occupied.Near sightless she may have been, but Granny could do her part. I can see her now, standingfor hours with sandwich fixings and several varieties of bread neatly arranged on the clean table before her. After this week of hustle and bustle was over, Granny stated emphatically, “That was the best week I’ve had in years!”The lesson that memory brings back to me is that we all long for a chance to be “useful”, appreciated, and helpful as well. No matter what our circumstances, there’s usually a way to contribute and, as a reward, strengthen our self-images!1. What can we know from the passage?A. Granny was too old to be “useful”.B. Granny couldn’t see anything finally.C. The author’s grandparents were in bad health.D. Gramps enjoyed being busy at the lunch stand.2. What does the underlined phase “putting up”mean in paragraph 4?A.Accommodating.B. Cheating.C. EarningD. Building3. Why did Granny think it was the best week she had had in years?A. Because she found her value again in life.B. Because she made no difference to others.C. Because she had a chance to make money.D. Because she helped her husband’s relatives.4. What’s the author’s attitude towards Granny’s thought about being useful again?A. Indifferent.B. Negative.C. Positive.D. Not mentioned.【答案】1~4 CAAC【解析】】本文是一篇记叙文，通过记叙年迈的奶奶在自己的生活中不断寻找机会来实现自己的社会价值的例子，告诉我们：任何人，只要你愿意，都会有为社会做贡献，让自己被需要，被认可的机会。

新高考英语时文阅读高三专版(含答案解析与原文翻译)

新高考英语时文阅读高三专版（含答案解析与原文翻译）AI was already a hand washer. And since the spread of coronavirus, it’s been kicked into overdrive. I don’t consider myself panicked about COVID-19, although I’d be lying if I said I wasn’t concerned. I live in an enormous city, packed with people, including countless travelers, and I understand how easily a contagious virus spreads. And hand washing may help us to keep it like that. The hard part has to do with the duration. “Scrub your hands for 20 seconds,”the CDC website warns. “Need a timer? Hum the ‘Happy Birthday’song from beginning to end twice.”The turning point came with a slight, unconscious tweak on the lyrics. After a few days, I added three words to the routine: “And many more.”That’s the way we do “Happy Birthday”in my family. These days, of course, those habitual words have particular resonance. What I am doing, after all, when I add “and many more”is making a plea: Let us stay safe and alive. “Its meaning,”writes Rodriguez, “is something like I pray it may be so.”I am an adult, aware of random chance and uncertainty. I’ve come to recognize that insecurity, chaos even, is the way of the world. In the face of an epidemic stretching toward a pandemic, I have one eye on living as if there will be no exceptional disruptions, and the other on preparing for catastrophe. What I’m saying is that I do not generally rely on magical thinking.Now I am consciously singing “and many more”when I fulfill the CDC’s instructions about how to wash my hands. I offer it to you as well, this coping mechanism, this precaution, this projection of a happy ending, which is, of course, a whisper of faith, not in divine intervention (神的干预) but in our ability to care for one another and ourselves.1. What is the attitude of the author toward the COVID-19?A. Panic.B. Concerned.C. Happy.D. Pessimistic.2. How long does it take to sing the ‘Happy Birthday’song once?A. 10s.B. 20s.C. 30s.D. 40s.3. What is the meaning of the added “and many more”these days?A. The author wants to sing the song in a creative way.B. The author blesses herself happy birthday.C. The author is to pray to be safe and live well.D. The author is showing off her great voice.4. Which of the following can be used to describe the author?A. Being full of magical thinking.B. Being ignorant.C. Being insightful and optimistic.D. Being a good singer.【答案】BACC【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者介绍了自己独特的洗手方法，以及疫情期间的感想，并鼓励人们也采用同样的方式洗手。

新高考高三英语时文阅读专练(含答案解析)

新高考高三英语时文阅读专练（含答案解析）AThe world is warming swiftly. The last decade (2010-2019) was the hottest ever recorded, while Europe saw its hottest year in 2019, according to Climate Change Service. This has made a difference to Earth’s regional ecosystems, not least of all, on its usually-frozen poles. In 2019, the sea ice cap in the Arctic shrank to 1.6 million square miles, down from 2.44 million square miles in 2010—with no sign that it will rebound, says NASA’s Earth Observatory. This has changed weather patterns and sea levels, and it has had devastating（毁灭性的）effects on wildlife, including polar bears.Polar bears rely on sea ice in order to raise their babies and hunt their food—mostly ring seals. Without it, and trapped on land, they’re going hungry and their numbers are falling off. As National Geographic reported in 2015, they’re getting “creative” to stay alive. One strategy noticed by a team of researchers in Svalbard, Norway was that bears managed to trap a species of dolphin they don’t usually eat, which swam into their habitat, ate some of it, then buried the rest in snow to eat later—a behavior these animals don’t normally exhibi t.Polar bears in the western Hudson Bay have been eating another alternate and highly unusual food source——snow geese eggs. While this may be a most welcome snack alternative in the absence of ring seals, it cannot maintain the bears long term.As is known to all, there is no doubt that polar bears are in great danger. Because the world is warming faster than their ability to keep pace. Additionally, every physical feature of a polar bear—from ice-gripping claws to thick warm coats—is designed for a life of extremely cold. And that white fur? In a non-white world, it stops acting as camouflage(伪装）. Unfortunately, in a world without ice, polar bears will most likely cease to exist.1.Why do the polar bears have to eat dolphins instead of ring seals?A.Because polar bears’ babies like dolphins best.B.Because dolphins are more delicious than ring seals.C.Because dolphins usually swim into their habitat.D.Because the weather pattern has changed and sea level has risen.2.According to the passage, what plays an important role in Arctic for polar bears?A.Physical featureB. White furC. Ice-grippingD. Ring seals.1.Where is the passage probably taken from?A.A fiction bookB. An ad websiteC. A science magazineD. A travel guide【答案】1~3 DAC【解析】本文为说明文，说明了全球变暖导致了北极的冰盖减少与海平面上升，北极熊面临的困境。

新高考高三英语时文阅读精练(含答案解析)

新高考高三英语时文阅读精练（含答案解析）AMumbai’s chefs were quick to spot the latest threat facing India’s economy. As they searched for ingredients in Crawford market, where vendors sell fruit, vegetables and other kitchen staples, they began hearing prices quoted not per kilogram, but per quarter-kilo—a way attempting to mask price increases. Returning from a recent shopping activity, one chef checked off the items rising sharply in price: tomatoes, cabbages, fish, spices—almost every ingredient, in fact, in the Indian cookbook.The vendors had some plausible excuses. The weather has been changeable, and delivery systems unreliable. But although an increase in inflation(通货膨胀) was widely foreseen, the severity of it was not. Consumer prices rose by over 7.3% in December, compared with a year earlier, the biggest jump since July 2014.Various difficulties will complicate the government’s efforts to fight an economic slowdown. India’s GDP grew by only 4.5% in the third quarter compared with a year earlier. That figure would have been as low as 3.1% were it not for a hurried government-spending activity. But any increase in demand could prompt an offsetting response from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the central bank. It may choose to extended stagnation(停滞) so as to avoid the uglier scenery of stagflation(滞胀).Stagflation usually begins with a setback to supply, such as India’s unseasonal rains. These misfortunes both lower output and lift costs. But once prices have increased sufficiently to reflect the short supply, they should in principle stop rising. Some economists expect inflation to begin falling as soon as February. After all, core inflation, which excludes food and fuel prices, remains below 4%.The problem is that before inflation disappears, Indians may start believing it will stay, making it more likely to persist. The RBI’s inflation-targeting framework, which was adopted in 2015, was supposed to fight this tendency. But the framework has “yet to be fully tested”, according to a recent lecture by Raghuram, the former RBI governor who introduced it.1. What is the main purpose of Paragraph 1?A. To give advice on how to buy cheap ingredients.B. To make an explanation for price increases.C. To lead to the topic by presenting an example.D. To emphasize the hard life of Indian chefs.2. What’s the possible GDP growth rate of India without the government spending?A. 4.5%.B. 7.3%.C. 3.1%.D. 4%.3. Which of the following is NOT true about inflation-targeting framework?A. This framework was believed to control the inflation.B. This framework has been tested to be effective.C. This framework was introduced by the former RBI governor.D. This framework was adopted in 2015.B‘Leaving Emotional Baggage at the Door’ Has Totally Changed ClassroomThis Oklahoma teacher is being praised for teaching her students a powerful emotional lesson that they will not soon forget.Karen Loewe has been teaching seventh and eighth grade students for 22 years, but her most recent day in class was apparently the most impactful day of her educational career. She decided to try a new exercise in empathy①with her students. Upon establishing that her classroom was a safe space for expression and respect, she asked what emotional baggage meant to her students. She then asked them to write about some emotional baggage of their own—and since they were not required to put their names on the paper, they could describe their issues as freely as they wanted without being identified called “The Baggage Activity”.The youngsters were then asked to take turns reading what their classmates wrote, and all of them were given the opportunity to identify themselves as the person responsible for the writing.“I’m here to tell you, I have never been so moved to tears as what these kids opened up and about and shared with the class,” Loewe wrote in a Facebook post. “Things like suicide, parents in prison, and on and on. “The kids who read the papers would cry because what they were reading was tough. The person who shared would cry sometimes too. It was an emotionally draining②day, but I firmly believe my kids will judge a little less, love a little more, and forgive a little faster.”Since writing about her exercise on social media, her post has been shared more than 500,000 times; teachers from all over the world have reached out to her about implementing③similaractivities in their own classrooms; and her students have apparently been “so much more respectful” of each other.“They don’t interrupt or talk down to each other,” she told TODAY. “They’re not rude. It’s completely, completely changed how they treat each other … I wish I would have done this years ago. It’s been so good.”Furthermore, Loewe made sure to keep all the paper confessions④in a plastic bag so that her students won’t soon forget their exercise in empathy. “This bag hangs by my door to remind them that we all have baggage,” Loewe concluded in her Facebook post. “We will leave it at the door. As they left, I told them they are not alone, they are loved, and we have each other’s back.”CBetween 1950 and 2000, GDP per person in America grew at an average annual rate of 2.3%. In 2000-2019 that pace fell by roughly half. Often this slowdown—also seen in other rich countries—is taken as a sign that economic policy has failed, and that policymakers must inject stimulus or somehow restore capitalism’s lost dynamism. But for Dietrich Vollrath, low growth is reason for cheer. He argues that America’s growth has slowed because so much in the economy has gone so well.A big chunk of America’s economic advance in the 20th century was driven by improvements in “human capital”, the size and the skills of the workforce. In 1910 only a tenth of Americans completed high school; by the 1970s four-fifths were graduating. Many more now go on to college.A baby boom after 1945 increased the workforce; women piled into paid work in the 1970s and 1980s. All this added nearly a percentage point to annual per-capita GDP growth from 1950-2000. Since then, however, human capital has shrunk, reducing growth by 0.2 percentage points a year. It is the chief reason behind the slowdown.Human capital started shrinking, Mr. V ollrath shows, for two main reasons. First, more people retired as the population aged. Second, the average level of education stopped rising quickly. Younger Americans entering the workforce are still more educated on average.These trends, he argues, are both linked to something good: women are choosing to have fewer children. That in turn reflects the fact that they are richer and have more control over their fertility.Neither physical nor human capital explains the rest of the growth slowdown. It comes fromwhat economists call “total factor productivity” (TFP). Slowing TFP growth is often taken as a sign that technological progress has dried up. Mr. V ollrath suggests another cause: economic activity has shifted towards service industries, where productivity gains are harder to achieve.1. For V ollrath, what does the low growth of GDP per person mean?A. Economy may have developed well.B. Policies made by the country may be ineffective.C. Policies should be made to stimulate the economy.D. Policymakers should restore the economic dynamism.2. Which of the following can NOT explain the growth of “human capital” in the 20th century?A. An increasing number of people finished their education.B. There were more workers in the labor market.C. Lots of women got a job and earned money.D. More people retired as they got old.3. What can we know from the last paragraph?A. TFP is the main reason of economic growth slowdown.B. Usually slowing TFP growth means slower technological progress.C. Productivity gains of service industries shouldn’t be counted in TFP.D. People aren’t willing to spend more money on service.4. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?A. The reasons for technological progress.B. The influences of fewer workers.C. The effects of service industries.D. The advantages of human capital.DWhat Is Involved in Ending a Tenancy①?When a landlord decides to enter into a lease agreement with a tenant, the agreement is generally reduced to writing to protect both the landlord and the tenant②. As a rule, the terms of the lease agreement will dictate what is involved in ending a tenancy. If there is no agreement in writing, or there is a dispute, then the laws of jurisdiction where the property is located will decide what is involved in ending a tenancy. As a rule, notice of the intent to vacate or terminate the tenancy, returning the property to its original condition, and a return of the deposit are all part of ending a tenancy. Of course, if the tenancy is not being terminated by mutual agreement, then alegal eviction③process is necessary to end a tenancy.Most lease agreements have a specific beginning and ending date. What many tenants do not realize, however, is that, despite the fact that the lease has a specific ending date, notice must still be given to the landlord when ending a tenancy in many cases. The reason for this is that, under the laws of many jurisdictions, a lease become a periodic④tenancy upon the expiration of the original terms, meaning it becomes a month-to-month lease after the lease term expires. This actually protects the tenant in the event that he or she wishes to stay beyond the expiration of the lease in the sense that he or she is not required to vacate the property at the end of the lease absent notice from the landlord.If the tenant does plan to vacate the property, then proper notice must be given. Most lease agreements specify how much notice is required; however, a common notice requirement is 30 days. The notice should be given in writing and sent certified or registered mail to the landlord. If the landlord wishes to end the lease, then he or she must also give the same notice to the tenants.If the tenancy is not ending by mutual agreement, then the landlord must file the proper documents to begin an eviction procedure. The exact procedures for evicting a tenant will vary, but generally include filing in a small claims court and notifying the tenants of the proceedings. In many cases, the landlord must give the tenants an opportunity to cure, or fix, the reason for the eviction before a judge will order the eviction.ESchool pupils have been sent home after going on ski trips to Northern Italy and holidaymakers are among 1,000 people trapped inside a Tenerife hotel after a guest fell ill with the disease.England’s health boss, Chris Whitty, said: “You need to look at school closures, reducing transport.” Health bosses admitted on Tuesday they are considering advice to isolate entire families at home if one member feels unwell. At least 10 schools sent pupils and staff home who had spent half-term on ski trips in Northern Italy. Currently 50,000 people are in lockdown there as 229 people tested positive.The Foreign Office has advised against all but essential travel to the 10 small towns in Lombardy and one in Veneto, that are in isolation. A briefing in Central London heard plans may be revealed next week on what would happen if coronavirus becomes a pandemic and the currentcontainment strategy is abandoned. This could mean tens of thousands of people off work, including medics already struggling to operate within the overstretched NHS. Government advice is currently that school closures are not necessary.Despite this Cransley School and Brine Leas Academy in Northwich, Cheshire, are among those to shut their doors, after some students developed flu-like symptoms. All pupils at Penair School in Truro, Cornwall, were sent home and Salendine Nook High School in Huddersfield, West Yorks, sent 19 pupils and four staff members home.Hall Cross Academy in Doncaster, South Yorks, told all staff and students on trips to self-isolate for 14 days as did Sandbach High School in Cheshire. Cardinal Heenan High School in Liverpool sent home pupils and staff who had been to Italy.In the Canary Islands, a British mum said her family’s stay at the four-star H10 Costa Adeje Palace in South West Tenerife was a “holiday from hell”. Around 1,000 residents had a letter posted under their door saying the hotel is “closed down” and they must remain in their rooms until further notice. Police are standing guard outside the hotel and entrances and exits have been taped off to prevent guests from leaving.1.Why are some holidaymakers trapped inside a Tenerife hotel?A. Because all of them have felt ill.B. Because some guests have got ill.C. Because one of the guests has got an illness.D. Because some of them are tested positive.2. What may happen when one member of a family feels ill?A. He/she may be separated from the entire family.B. He/she may be sent to hospital.C. The whole family may be separated from the others.D. All the members may be sent to hospital.3. From the third paragraph, what will the government reveal next week?A. Whether they will keep the current containment strategy.B. Whether all the schools will be closed.C. Whether the residents in the hotels can go home.D. Whether the coronavirus will become a pandemic.4. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. In the Canary Islands ,residents were trapped in the hotels.B. Some of British schools have been closed as the global coronavirus outbreak grows.C. A lot of British people have lost their jobs because of the coronavirus.D. Brits have been caught in trouble as the global coronavirus outbreak grows.A【答案】1～3 CCB【解析】本文是一篇说明文，说明印度国内的通货膨胀问题。

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新高考英语时文阅读高三专版（含答案解析及全文翻译）AThe life of FM-2030, a transhumanist (超人文主义者) who believed humans will be able toend natural death in the future using technology, is explored in a new documentary. The film, titled‘2030’, was released late last month and is available across multiple streaming platforms. It was made by British filmmaker Johnny Boston who interviewed a range of FM-2030’s acquaintances and scientific experts.Transhumanists believe humans can and should use emerging future technology to greatly enhance their natural abilities. These technologies could include robotics, AI, gene therapy preventing the ageing process. This could radically change what it means to be a member of our species.FM-2030 was born in Brussels in 1930 named Fereidoun M. Esfandiary. The son of an Iranian diplomat, he later changed his legal name to mark his belief that by 2030 we will be ageless and everyone will have an excellent chance to live forever.FM-2030 wrote a number of books around life extension and transhumanist topics, and is widely regarded as one of the founding fathers of the modern transhumanist movement. After his death in 2000, FM-2030’s body was placed in cryonic suspension in Arizona.Mr Boston commented: “I met FM-2030 and that was his legal name when I was about 11 or 12 years old. He’d come to London with his partner at the time and they stayed with us. This was in the early 80s when he had these really off the wall ideas that we were going to live on indefinitely and that there was going to be a much more progressive politics. He talked about we were going to communicate brain to brain. There was going to be a machine that you could put in various characteristics and it was going to print stuff.”Mr Boston went on to produce a number of videos outlining FM-2030’s ideas. He did a seriesof films called the future of democracy that came out of talks that FM had done. He said,“FM really talks about what the future holds in terms of how we govern ourselves. He thinks we’ve got to useAI.”1. What will happen in the future according to transhumanists?A. Humans will die in a natural state.B. Humans’life span will remain limited.C. Humans will not need language any longer.D. Humans’abilities will be largely improved by technologies.2. Why did Fereidoun M. Esfandiary change his name to FM-2030?A. Because his father forced him to do so.B. Because he didn’t like his former name at all.C. Because he wanted to flag his transhumanist faith.D. Because he thought human would end natural death in 2030.3. What does the underlined phrase “off the wall”in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Dull.B.Ambiguous.C. Ridiculous.D. Upset.4. Which can be the best title for the passage?A. The Uncertain Future.B. The Film Called 2030.C. The Ideas of Transhumanists.D. FM-2030—ATranshumanist【答案】1~4 DCCD【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了FM-2030 的一生以及他的超人类主义理念。

1. 细节理解题。

同义替换法。

根据第二段第一句“Transhumanists believe humans can and should use emerging future technology to greatly enhance their natural abilities.”可知，超人类主义家认为利用未来技术可以大大提高人类的自然能力。

D 选项是将原文的enhance 同义替换为improve，故选D。

2. 细节理解题。

同义替换法。

根据第三段第二句“The son of an Iranian diplomat, he later changed his legal name to mark his belief that by 2030 we will be ageless and everyone will have an excellent chance to live forever.”可知，FM-2030 改变他的法定名字是为了表明他的信念，即到2030 年我们每个人都会长生不老。

C 选项是将原文的mark his belief 同义替换为flag his faith，故选C。

3. 词义猜测题。

根据下划线单词后面的内容“This was in the early 80s when he had these really off the wall ideas that we were going to live on indefinitely and that there was going to be a much more progressive politics.”（在20 世纪80 年初期，FM-2030 认为我们可以长生不老，会有更加进步的政治）并结合常识可推知，“长生不老”的想法当时看来是荒诞的。

由此可以推测此处词组的意思是“荒谬的”，故选C。

4. 推理判断题。

关键词法。

这篇文章介绍了FM-2030 的超人类主义思想，他改变名字的原因，以及他撰写的关于超人类主义思想的书籍等，所以此文章的关键词是FM-2030，因此D 项“超人类主义家——FM-2030”最适合做标题，故选D。

【词汇积累】release [rɪˈliːs]vt. 释放，发出；发行，发布(尤指) 新激光唱片，新电影stream [striːm] v. （生）流，流动n. 小溪，河流（steaming platform 流媒体平台）acquaintance [əˈkweɪntəns] n. 认识的人，熟人；(与某人) 认识，(对某事物的) 了解radically ['rædɪkli] adv. 根本地；彻底地indefinitely [ɪnˈdefɪnətli] adv. 无限期地【句法剖析】1. This was in the early 80s when he had these really off the wall ideas that we were going to live on indefinitely and that there was going to be a much more progressive politics.句意：那是在20 世纪80 年代，那时他有一些很古怪的想法，认为我们将会长生不老，而且未来将会有更加进步的政治。

句子分析：本句的主句为This was in the early 80s，其后when 引导的从句是定语从句，修饰先行词是the early 80s 且when 在从句中做时间状语；ideas 后由and 连接that 引导的两个同位语从句，对ideas 的内容进行具体说明，that 在从句中不做成分，但不能省略。