欧洲文化入门小论文范文

Renaissance’s influence on Europe IntroductionThe word “Renaissance” means “rebirth”. It meant the reintroduction into Western Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome. The essence of the Renaissance is Humanism. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and Reformation. In my paper, I do like to talk about the influence on the Europe which brought by Renaissance, it will be elaborated in aspects of art, economy, politic and humanism.Basic origin of RenaissanceOn 14th century, with the development of factory manufacturing and commodity economy，capitalist economic relations had gradually formed inside the European feudal system. In the aspect of politics，feudal separationist rules had caused epidemic discontent, and people began to have national consciousness. The public in Europe expressed their strong desires about unity of nation. Thereby, culture and arts areas also showed the interests and requirements about the emerging capitalism in this new period. Thus here came the Renaissance. Renaissance refers to a ideological and cultural movement which started in cities among Italy from 13th century，then extended to western European countries andfinally prevailed in the whole Europe. It brought a revolution period of science and arts. Besides, it lifted the curtain on the history of Europe. Renaissance is recognized as the dividing line between the middle ages and modern times.InfluenceRenaissance has an important impact on art, economy, political and humanism of Europe. It is the New Culture Movement and Cultural Revolution of the bourgeoisie.ArtIn art, the most prosperous period of Italian Renaissance was the 16th century. It’s representative artis t are Da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael. Renaissance brought about sense of change in all aspects of life and a favorable atmosphere for artistic innovation and experimentation. Colours of arts are very varied and graceful and artist used bright colours bravely to show that people had entered a new period of golden age.Talented artist used their opus to reflect the transition of the thought in the society. For example, Mona Lisa Smile, magnum opus from Da Vinci, it described a wife of merchant instead of noblewoman. This painting told people life can be happy even in such a dark society like that time and it also hinted the change of women’s society statuses. This portraiture was recognized as the laurel of world arts masterpiece. Itconveys appreciation to beauty of women and the abundant spirit life of people.What’s more, wealth gathered in towns created demand for refinement in arts and variety in form and content. Renaissance replaced the medieval notions of painting and sculpture as crafts only to decorate churches by that of highly intellectual artistic accomplishments, with merge of art and science. For example, Villa Rotonda , Notre Dame de Paris, St Peter's and so on. Its also prevent free literary creation, but its restless curiosity, its interest in the world and its urban influences created a demand for a native literature that expressed the new life then; and its individuality with a concern for fame drove writers to do experiments to win praise from critics and support from patrons. For exam ple, Dante’s The Divine Melody and Petrarch’s L ove sonnets.The arts in Renaissance not only establish the foundation of European realism arts, but also impel people to pursuit better society lives with its profound spiritual connotation and exquisite artistry. The masterpieces which created in Renaissance are captivating and master-designed. They become the priceless treasures in treasure house of human. Renaissance had a great influence on development of the world’s art, it can encourage people to lead a positive life and it proposed the explore spirit. It played a essential role in the development of human beings.EconomyIn financial terms, Renaissance, as a mind emancipation movement to develop and expand cultural of the emerging bourgeoisie, laid an important foundation of the sprout of the early capitalism in it’s transmit. In the meantime, Renaissance accumulated original wealth for the early capitalism. Renaissance first started from Italy, and then transferred to Atlantic coast from the Mediterranean Coast by transmission. Many famous boom city like Roman, Florence, Venice and other cities appeared. Capitalist industry and commerce began to develop prosperously. What’s more, capital started to swarm into the pockets of capitalism. Renaissance provided requirements to exploitation of the new route, reformation of religious reform and the later the revolution of bourgeoisie.PoliticalThe occurrence of every important activity will affect the art aspect, the financial term, also the politic. On 14th century, Europe began to enter the modern civilization period. Industry and commerce developed prosperously and capitalism appeared in many cities. Emerging bourgeoisie began to enter the political stage. The needed new ideologies to speak in defense of interests of politic and economy which they pursuit.The needed new academics and culture to support what they want to do. Thus, a totally new Modern spirit came into being. Renaissancewas the new culture movement which objected to religious authority and feudalism. Then, how did the Renaissance affect the political system in Europe? First, commerce replaced the Catholic as the unifying force in Europe. Second, because of the bourgeoisie’s struggle for political control, the Holy Roman Empire and the Roman Catholic Church declined. Third, rulers of the Italian city-states thus empowered for expansion abroad. Fourth, on account of their wish for peace and order after civil wars, Monarchies was consolidated in France, England and Spain.HumanismThe last part I want to talk is the humanism effects brought to Europe by Renaissance. As an individual, one should get important social position by his ability to gain knowledge. With this view, architects begin to design as people-based, painters and sculptors paid much attention to individuals. People tried to comprehend physiology and psychology structure of human beings and thinking process. Renaissance and its accompanying humanist philosophy were the most important reform in the history of human beings. The centre of this power was a knowledge group which named humanist. They pursuit the concept of humanism and their basic theory was realism. Their purposes were reclaiming peaceful and happy lives for people. Humanism studied the value of people, the spirit of people, the life of people and the felicity of people. Then, how did the Renaissance affect the development of humanism? Renaissancemade philosophy emphasized the dignity and worth of the individual, it was the originated in the study of classical culture. By the study of grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry and ethics of humanities, people developed his physically, morally and intellectually. Humanism brought a new art form by its totally new understanding about the civilization and the world. It connects people and space.ConclusionRenaissance was the shed between middle ages and modern times. It was the consensus premise for bourgeois revolution. It assisted Europe getting rid of the constraints from feudal religious and it was the prelude for Europe to expand to the world.Reference徐新编著《西方文化史》北京大学出版社叶胜年著《西方文化史鉴》上海外国语教育学院。