东华理工大学环境工程专业英语试卷

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环境科学专业英语期末试题答案

1.BOD：Biological Oxygen Demand2.TOC：Total Organic Carbon3.VSS：V olatile Suspended Solid4.CBA：Cost Benefit Analysis5.NPS：New Production Skill1.富营养化：Eutrophication2.活性淤泥：activated sludge3.反向渗透：reverse osmosis4.新陈代谢：metabolization5.曝气池：aeration tank1.Process whereby water changes from liquid to gas.Evaporation2.The physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us.Environment3.One treatment process aimed to dispose the suspended solids and grits in thewastewater.Primary treatment4.The process by which wastes are converted into environment friendly endproducts with the help of microorganism.Biodegradation5.The process in which suspended solids joined together to settle down withflocculant.FlocculationIn every society it is necessary to have a general system of laws to ensure justice. Laws are designed to make certain that people's rights are protected and that people respect each other's rights. Sometimes, however, laws are passed which are specific to a time or situation. For example, a town in Indiana once passed a law making it illegal to shoot open a can of food. Apparently, some gun-carrying citizens forgot their can openers and naturally enough, used their guns to do the job. This disturbed other citizens, and endangered their lives, so a law was passed to prevent it. Specific lawssometimes remain in existence long after the problem has disappeared. The laws then seem strange. For example, the Indiana law was no longer necessary when citizens stopped carrying guns and using them as can openers. Since the law was no longer needed, what once made sense now seems like nonsense.Sometimes laws designed to serve a good purpose were passed but somehow these became mixed up in their wording. As a result, the laws don't make sense. In one state there is a law which says that it is "illegal to move or to attempt to move a motor vehicle." Obviously, a massive traffic jam would occur if everyone suddenly obeyed that law. But no one does, of course, because the intention of the law was not to prevent owners from moving their own cars. It was to prevent people from moving (stealing) other people's cars.It is often harder to repeal a law than to pass one, so many of these old laws remain in existence. Because they no longer fit the way people live or because the problem no longer exists, these laws are ignored. Everyone understands that and life goes on. Thus, laws that once made very good sense, now seem like nonsense.1. According to the passage, laws are designed for the purpose of __A__.A. protecting people's rightsB. making people respect each otherC. preventing gun-carryingD. punishing criminals2. The word "job" in paragraph 1 refers to ___C____.A. workingB. shootingC. opening a canD. disturbing others3. The author used the Indiana law as an example to explain ___C___.A. how some laws are passed and changedB. how people in Indiana open cansC. why some laws may seem strangeD why people in Indiana no longer use their guns4. What's the problem with the law concerning motor vehicles? B .A. It leads to traffic jams.B. It is not clearly written.C. It is not designed to serve a good purpose.D. It has been out of date.5. We can conclude from the passage that ____D_____.A. a law system is necessary for every societyB. some laws that don't make sense may also get passedC. it is more difficult to change the old law than pass a new oneD. some laws may seem strange as time passesPassage2It is over 40 years since first atomic bomb was dropped on a major city in Japan. Yet even now its effect are showing themselves and may continue to do so for years to come. Much effort and human energy have been used to try to prevent such terrifying thing from happening again. So far there is no guarantee that it will not. Countries which already possess nuclear knowledge and resources have bombs stored away which are powerful enough to wipe out all life on earth.But this is not all. Other countries, which previously were not so advanced in technology, are gradually buying materials that can be used for making atomic devices. This nuclear energy will naturally be of great value in helping the economy of poor nations, but it also means that there are far more opportunities for the manufacture of bombs.The generation of electricity through nuclear power came directly from the original work on the atom bomb. Because of the increase in demand for energy and the possibility of decreasing supplies of oil and natural gas, the interest in electiricity has increased, One of the by-products of nuclear power stations is plutonium produced from nuclear fuel:plutonium is ingredient in bomb-making.This brings the problem to a full circle again. How can something so valuable and useful be controlled so that it works for the benefit and not the destruction of man?6. In the writer’s view, effects of dropping the first atomic bomb D .A are not overB may gone on foreverC could last much longerD will not be over in the near future7. The writer says that enough atomic bombs have already been manufactured toD .A wipe out JapanB last foreverC act as a peacr-keeping deviceD destroy all living things8. The writer believes that the advantage of less developed countries being able to make atomic devices is that it B .A gives them more opportunities for workB will help poor countries to become richerC will enable them to make better explosivesD will be of great value to them9. The writer implies that most people today do not reject nuclear weapons becauseC .A they are unimportantB they think that their existence will prevent countries from going to warC they are stored out of the wayD they have become accutomed to them10. The second paragraph tells us that the increased demand for electricity todayD .A has led to the decrease in supplies of oilB means that more countries are interested in nuclear powerC has increased the risk of accidental explosionsD has increased the very means of producing more atomic bombs1.Catalyst is the chemical which can be used repeatedly in a reaction withoutbeing consumed.催化剂是在反应过程中可重复使用且不会消失的化学物质。

英语环境科学英语40题

英语环境科学英语40题1. Which of the following is a renewable resource?A. CoalB. OilC. WindD. Natural gas答案：C。

本题考查可再生资源的概念。

选项 A 煤炭、选项 B 石油和选项 D 天然气都是不可再生资源，而选项 C 风能是可再生资源。

2. What causes air pollution?A. PlantsB. Clean waterC. Factory emissionsD. Beautiful scenery答案：C。

本题考查造成空气污染的原因。

选项A 植物有助于净化空气；选项 B 清洁的水与空气污染无关；选项 D 美丽的风景也不会导致空气污染；而选项C 工厂排放物会造成空气污染。

3. Which of the following is not a way to save water?A. Taking short showersB. Leaving the tap runningC. Fixing leaky faucetsD. Using a bucket to wash the car答案：B。

本题考查节约用水的方法。

选项 A 缩短淋浴时间、选项 C 修理漏水的水龙头和选项 D 用桶洗车都是节约用水的方式；选项B 让水龙头一直开着会浪费水。

4. What is the main cause of deforestation?A. Planting more treesB. Building housesC. WildfiresD. Logging for wood答案：D。

本题考查森林砍伐的主要原因。

选项A 种植更多树木是保护森林；选项B 建造房屋不是主要原因；选项C 野火可能导致部分树木受损，但不是主要的砍伐原因；选项D 为获取木材而伐木是导致森林砍伐的主要原因。

5. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?A. OxygenB. NitrogenC. Carbon dioxideD. Hydrogen答案：C。

环境工程双语题库

1.Tell something about water crisis in china?•水资源总量为28295.7亿m3/年，•Total Renewable Water Resources (TRWR): 2829.57km3/yr•人均实际可更新水资源量仅为2205m3/人.年，只有世界平均水平的1/4 。

•Actual Renewable Water Resources, Per capita: 2205m3/p/yr, Only equals to one quarter of the world average level.•水资源地区分布很不均匀，北方地区面临缺水和水污染的双重危机。

•The water resources distribution is unbalance in time and space. Northern China is severely suffering from the crisis of water shortage and pollution.2. Source of Water Pollution can be classified as Point source pollution and Non-point source pollution, then what is Point source pollution and what is Non-point source pollution, give some examples?Point source pollution is pollution that is easily traced to a single source, or point. Some examples of point sources include:discharges from wastewater treatment plants;operational wastes from industries;Domestic wastewater from residenceAs water from rainfall and snowmelt flows over and through the landscape, it picks up and carries contaminants from many different sources. This is called Non-Point Source pollution.Some examples of point sources include:Runoff from construction site;Runoff from pasture field;Runoff from road.3. What is the root of water crisis?✓Global climate change✓Development of society✓Water pollution4.What is Oxygen –demanding substances?and What is the effect of Oxygen –demanding substances on environment?Oxygen-demanding substances are organic and inorganic residues that consume the dissolved oxygen (DO) in water and make it polluted.When these substances were discharged into water ,they are decomposed by bacteria that use DO to breakdown these waste material and lead to the depletion of DO in water.When the DO concentration decreaced to a certain Level, the water not only become unable to support aquatic life,but whose color ,taste, odor may leave it undesirable for other uses such as recreational activities or municipal water supply.5.What is eautrophication?The slow aging process during which a lake, estuary, or bay evolves into a bog or marsh and eventually disppears. When nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from human activities are discharged into the water,this process would be accelerated. A eutrophication body of water support an overabundant growth of algae that can eventually crowed out other forms of aquatic life, leaving a water body that is unable to support fish or other life forms and is also unsuitable for human use such as for water supply. Algae boom exacerbates （加剧）the depletion of DO as decomposers ,mainly bacteria, feed on increased quantities of decaying algae. Decomposition under conditions of insufficient oxygen produce odorous gases that contribute to objectionable smell, taste , color of the water body.6.What is pathogen(病原体)?Pathogens are disease –causing agent such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa,and parasitic worms called helminths. These microorganisms are commonly found in the intestines of infected people or animals, and they are excreted in the feces that enter waterways from inadequate treated sewage discharges, stormwaterdrains, septic system and runoff from pastures and animal feedlots.If ingested, pathogen can cause human illness such as typhoid(伤寒), cholera （霍乱）and dysentery （痢疾）7..If there is any relationship between DO(dissolved oxygen)and water temperature? What does an low DO concentration indicate?Dissolved oxygen is inversely proportional to temperature, and the maximum oxygen that can be dissolved in water at most ambient temperature is about 10mg/L. the saturation value decreases rapidly with increasing water temperature.A low concentration of DO in water may indicate that the water temperature is very high,or there are some Oxygen –demanding contaminates in water.8.how to measure SS in wastewater?Measurement of suspended solid is by filtering the water sample through a filter paper. If the initial dry weight of the filter paper is known, the subtraction of this from the total weight of the filter and dries soils caught in the filter paper yield the weight of suspended solid,expresses in milligrams per liter.Example: Given the flowing data:Weight of the dry filter paper=34.766g100ml sample are filtered through the filter paper. Weight of the filter paper and solid on it after drying under the temperatureof 103～105℃Is=34.978gCan you figure out the concentration of SS(mg/L) in this water sample?SS=(34.978-34.966)/100=0.12×10-3(g/ml)=120(mg/L)9. What is biochemical oxygen demand（BOD）?Biochemical oxygen demand, or BOD,is a measure of the quantity of oxygen used by microorganisms (e.g., aerobic bacteria) in the oxidation orgnaic contaminants in water.由微生物学可知，水中可为微生物降解的有机物，可在耗氧微生物的作用下分解。

环境科学与工程专业英语第四版-练习答案-(1)

环境科学与工程专业英语第四版,练习答案1.We all wondered（）Tom broke up with his girlfriend.[单选题] *A.thatB.whatC.whoD.why(正确答案)2.Both Mary and Linda don't care for fish.[单选题] *A.喜欢(正确答案)B.关心C.照料D.在乎3.Can you _______ this form? [单选题] *A.fillB.fill in(正确答案)C.fill toD.fill with4.—What can I do for you? —I ______ a pair of new shoes.（）[单选题] *A.likeB.would lookC.would like(正确答案)D.take5. There is not much news in today's paper,_____? [单选题] *A.is itB.isn't itC.isn't thereD.is there(正确答案)6. My watch usually _______ good time, but today it is five minutes fast.[单选题] *A.goesB.makesC.keeps(正确答案)D.gains7、—Could you please make the bed?—______.（）[单选题] *A.Yes, I wasB.No, I don’tC.Sure, I’ll do it(正确答案)D.No, that’s no problem8、Tony wants _______ a job as a language teacher in China.[单选题] *A.findB.findingC.to find(正确答案)D.to be found9、Don’t ______.He is OK.[单选题] *A.worriedB.worry(正确答案)C.worried aboutD.worry about10、Your homework must_______ tomorrow.[单选题] *A.hand inB.is handed inC.hands inD.be handed in(正确答案)11.Miss Smith is a friend of _____.[单选题] *A.Jack’s sister’s(正确答案)B.Jack’s sisterC.Jack sister’sD.Jack sister12. Comparatively speaking, of the three civil servants, the girl with long hair is _____.[单选题] *A.more helpfulB.extremely helpfulC.very helpfulD.the most helpful(正确答案)13.3. Shanghai is my hometown.It’s ________ China.[单选题] *A. nearB. far away fromC. to the east ofD. in the east of(正确答案)14.—Can you play tennis?—______.But I can play basketball.（）[单选题] *A.Yes, I canB.Yes, I doC.No.I can’t(正确答案)D.No, I don’t15.There are many beautiful _______ in the wardrobe.[单选题] *A.bookB.dresses(正确答案)C.cell phoneD.grocery16.( ).The old man enjoys ______ stamps.And now he has1300 of them [单选题] *A.collectB.collectedC.collecting(正确答案)D.to collect17、—What can I do to help at the old people’s home?—You ______ read stories to the old people.（）[单选题] *A.could(正确答案)B.mustC.shouldD.would18、I am worried about my brother.I am not sure _____ he has arrived at the school or not.[单选题] *A.whether(正确答案)B.whatC.whenD.how19、--Jenny, what’s your favorite _______?--I like potatoes best.[单选题] *A.fruitB.vegetable(正确答案)C.drinkD.meat20、The three guests come from different _______.[单选题] *A.countryB.countrysC.countryesD.countries(正确答案)21.There _______ no water or milk in the fridge.[单选题] *A.is(正确答案)B.areC.hasD.have22.I _______ no idea of where the zoo is.[单选题] *A.thinkB.getC.have(正确答案)D.take23.--What would you like to say to your _______ before leaving school?--I’d like to say"Thank you very much!" [单选题] *A.workersB.nursesC.waitersD.teachers(正确答案)24.( ).I’m _____ in that ______ film [单选题] *A.interesting interestedB.interested interesting(正确答案)C.interested interestedD.interesting interesting25. While I _____ the morning paper, a headline caught my eye..[单选题] *A.have readB.was reading(正确答案)C.had readD.am reading26.I knocked on the door but _______ answered.[单选题] *A.somebodyB.anybodyC.nobody(正确答案)D.everybody27、Researchers have spent five years collecting data（）the study is based.[单选题] *A.on thatB.in whichC.in thatD.on which(正确答案)28、Henry lives happily with his three cats._______ of them are part of his family.[单选题] *A.NoneB.BothC.All(正确答案)D.Neither29、Nowadays schools should care for the full _______ of a student’s talents.[单选题] *A.satisfactionB.development(正确答案)municationD.preparation30、Tom’s mother will let him _______ traveling if he comes back?in five days.[单选题] *A.to goB.goesC.wentD.go(正确答案)。

东华理工大学英语清考试题

东华理工大学英语清考试题试题四Part I Writing (30 minutes)1. 目前网络教育形成热潮2. 我认为形成这股热潮的原因是……3. 我对网络教育的评价Online EducationOnline EducationBeing online is no longer something strange in our life.To some degree, it has become part of our daily life. We can do a lot of things online, such as searching for information and communicating with friends far and near. But recently another helpful online activity has become very "in". That is online education.Why could online education be so popular within such a short period of time? Among all the reasons, the quick development of the internet should be the essential one, which makes our dreams of attending class in the distance possible. Another underlying reason is the quick development of both society and technology. Today, modern science and technology are developing at lightening speed. To catch up with the development we all feel an urgent and strong desire to study. However, due to the great pace of modern society, many people are too busy to study full time at school. Online education just comes to their aid.Part II Vocabulary and Structure16. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, __ ________, of course, made the others jealous.A. whoB. whatC. thatD. which17. Evidence came up ____ ______ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. what18. He _____ ____ when the bus came to a sudden stop.A. was almost hurtB. was almost to hurt himselfC. was almost hurt himselfD. was almost hurting himself19. I suppose you are not serious, ____ _____？A. do IB. don’t IC. are youD. aren’t you20. This composition is good _____ _____ some spelling mistakes.A. exceptB. besidesC. except thatD. except for21. When I say that someone is in Shanghai for good, I mean that he is there___ _______.A. to find a good jobB. for tile time beingC. to live a happy lifeD. for ever22. Rubber differs from plastics _____ _____ it is produced naturally and not in file lab.A. at thatB. in thatC. for thatD. with that23. Women all over the world are____ ______ equal pay for equal jobs.A. calling on B, calling about C. calling off D. calling for24. With the bridge ____ ______, there was nothing for it but to swimA. was destroyedB. destroyingB. being destroyed D. destroyed25. Having no money but ____ ______ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.A. not to want anyoneB. wanted no oneC. not wanting anyoneD. to want no one26. The children lined up and walked out ___ _______A. in placeB. in conditionC. in orderD. in private27. The teacher, as well as all his students, _____ _____ by the dancer’s performance.A. was impressedB. had impressedC. impressedD. were impressed28. ____ _____ is well known, the key to success lies in hard work.A. AsB. ThatC. WhichD. What29. The doctor will not perform the operation ___ _______ it is absolutely necessary.A. soB. ifC. forD. unless30. Today the police can watch cars _____ _____ on roads by radar.A. runB. to runC. runningD. to be run31. The little boy saw the plane _____ _____ and burst into flames.A. completeB. compelC. crashD. clutch32. Beijing is well ____ ______ its beautiful scenery and the Great Wall.A. known asB. known toC. known aboutD. known for33. From her conversation, I ____ ______ that she had a large family.A. deducedB. decidedC. declaredD. deceived34. This question is too hard, it is ___ _______ my comprehension.A. belowB. beyondC. overD. withoutPart IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.It seems you always forget your reading glasses when you are rushing to work, your coat when you are going to the cleaners, your credit card when you are shopping...Such absent-mindedness may be 47___ to you; now British and German scientists are developing memory glasses that record everything the 48___ sees.The glasses can play back memories later to help the wearer remember things they have forgotten such as where they left their keys. And the glasses also 49___ the user to "label" items so that information can be used later on. The wearer could walk around an office or a factory identifying certain 50____ by pointing at them. Objects indicated are then given a 51____ label on a screen inside the glasses that the user then fills in.It could be used in 52____ plants by mechanics looking toidentify machine parts or by electricians wiring a 53_____ device.A spokesman for the project said: "A car mechanic for 54_____ could find at a glance where a part on a certain car model is so that it can be identified and repaired.For the motorist the system could 55_____ accident black spots or dangers on the road." In other cases the glasses could be worn by people going on a guided tour, 56 ______points of interest or by people looking at panoramas where all the sites could be identified.[A] allow [B] instance [C] blank [D] industrial[E] frustrating[F] items [G] indicating [H] highlight [I] user [J] complicated[K] white [L] annoying [M] successful[N] articles [O] simple Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.You’re busy filling out the application form for a position you really need. Let’s assume yo u once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn’t it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University? More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university.Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most collegesare reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them "impostors(骗子)"; another refers to them as "special cases". One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by "no such people". To avoid outright(彻底的)lies, some job-seekers claim that they "attending" means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that "being associated with" a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century—that’s when they be gan keeping records, anyhow. If you don’t want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma.One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from "Smoot State University". The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the "University of Purdue". As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.57. The main idea of this passage is that ________ .[A] employers are checking more closely on applicants now[B] lying about college degrees has become a widespread problem[C] college degrees can now be purchased easily[D] employers are no longer interested in college degrees58. According to the passage, "special cases" refers to cases that ________.[A] students attend a school only part-time[B] students never attended a school they listed on their application[C] students purchase false degrees from commercial firms[D] students attended a famous school采集者退散59. We can infer from the passage that ________ .[A] performance is a better judge of ability than a college degree[B] experience is the best teacher[C] past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees do[D] a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job competition60. This passage implies that ________ .[A] buying a false degree is not moral[B] personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schools[C] most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from school[D] society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications61. The word "phony" (Line 13, Para. 2) means ________ .[A] thorough [C] false[B] ultimate [D] decisivePassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Material culture refers to what can be seen, held, felt, used—what a culture produces. Examining a c ulture’s tools and technology can tell us about the group’s history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music culture. The most vivid body of materialculture in it, of course, is musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on music and, when it becomes widespread, on the music culture as a whole.One more important part of music’s material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic media—radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the "information revolution", a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. Theseelectronic media are not just limited to modern nations; theyhave affected music cultures all over the globe.62. Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because ________ .[A] it helps produce new cultural tools and technology[B] it can reflect the development of the nation[C] it helps understand the nation’s past and present[D] it can d emonstrate the nation’s civilization63. It can be learned from this passage that ________ .[A] the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese music[B] Near Eastern music had an influence on the development of the instruments in the symphony orchestra[C] the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of Eastern and Western music[D] the musical instruments in the symphony orchestra were developed on the basis of Near Eastern music64. According to the author, music notation is important because ________ .[A] it has a great effect on the music culture as more and more people are able to read it[B] it tends to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musicians[C] it is the printed version of standardized folk music[D] it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs65. It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music ________ .[A] has brought about an information revolution[B] has speeded up the appearance of a new generation of computers[C] has given rise to new forms of music culture[D] has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments66. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?[A] Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers.[B] Music cannot be passed on to future generations unless it is recorded.[C] Folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.[D] The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect. Part V ClozeToday, most countries in the world have canals. Many countries have built canals near the coast, and parallel 67 the coast. Even in the twentieth century, goods can be moved more cheaply by boat than by any other 68 of transport. These 69 make it possible for boats to travel 70 ports along the coast without being 71 to the dangers of the open. Some canals, such as the Suez and the Panama, save ships weeks of time by making their 72 a thousand miles shorter. Other canals permit boats to reach cities that are not 73 on the coast; still other canals 74 lands where there is too much water, help to 75 fields where there is not enough water, and 76 water power for factories and mills. The size of a canal 77 on the kind of boats going through it. The canal must be wide enough to permit two of the largest boats using it to 78 each other easily. It must be deep enough to leave about two feet of water 79 the keel of the largest boat using the canal. When the planet Mars was first 80 through a telescope, people saw that the round disk of the planet wascrises-crossed by a 81 of strange blue-green lines. These were called "canals" 82 they looked the same as canals on earth 83 are viewed from an airplane. However, scientists are now 84 that the Martian phenomena are really not canals. The photographs 85 from space-ships have helped us to 86 the truth about the Martian "canals".67. [A] off [B] with [C] to [D] by68. [A] way [B] means [C] method [D] approach69. [A] waterways [B] waterfronts [C] channels [D] paths70. [A] among [B] between [C] in [D] to71. [A] revealed [B] exposed [C] opened [D] shown72. [A] trip [B] journey [C] voyage [D] route73. [A] lain [B] stationed [C] set [D] located74. [A] escape [B] drain [C] dry [D] leak75. [A] water [B] wet [C] soak [D] irrigate76. [A] furnish [B] afford [C] offer [D] give77. [A] focuses [B] bases [C] depends [D] takes78. [A] cross [B] pass [C] move [D] advance79. [A] down [B] beneath [C] below [D] off80. [A] studied [B] researched [C] surveyed [D] observed81. [A] plenty [B] number [C] deal [D] supply82. [A] although [B] because [C] so [D] if83. [A] that [B] where [C] when [D] as84. [A] exact [B] definite [C] certain [D] decisive85. [A] held [B] taken [C] got [D] developed86. [A] find [B] expose [C] uncover [D] discover。

环境工程专业英语考题

life expectancy ：耐用期限，平均寿命poverty-stricken ：贫穷的，贫困的，贫乏的smog-laden air ：烟雾弥漫的天空global conditions ：全球状况haves and have-nots ：富人和穷人underprivileged ：社会地位低下的，相对贫困的，生活水平低下的，弱势的savanna ：热带大草原，稀树草原predator ：食肉动物，捕食者environmental disruptions ：环境破坏，环境失调primary pollutant 一次大气污染物secondary pollutant 二次大气污染物Air nitrous oxide 一氧化二氮(N2O) nitric oxide 一氧化氮NOnitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮(NO2) soot 煤烟dust 灰尘smog 烟雾ozone 臭氧herbicide 除草剂pesticide 杀虫剂/ 农药VOC 挥发性有机化合物APC 大气污染控制Regulatory program 调整项目Financial support 财政支持Operating cost 操作成本Biodegradation capacity 生物降解能力Environmental media 环境介质Biological 生物学的Technologies 技术、工艺Inorganic air pollutants 无机大气污染物treatment facilities 处理设备per capita per day 每人每天municipality 市政当局, 自治市population equivalent 人口当量basement flooding 地下室浸水runoff 排水domestic sewage 生活污水type of terrain地形种类land disposal 掩埋处置fecal coliform 粪大肠菌群stringent effluent requirement 严格的废水排assimilation capacity 同化能力practical outlets 可行的排出途径，现实出aquatic life 水生生物detrimental to human health 对人体健康有endogenous phase 内源〔生长〕期flow monitoring 流量监测equipment age and reliability 装备老化及其可靠性mechanistic facilities 机械设备microbial activity 微生物活性activated sludge 活性污泥controlling respiration 控制呼吸oxidation ditches 氧化沟on-line automation 在线自动〔监测〕Precision and accuracy 精密度和准确度Bulk collection 大量收集Matrix material 原材料Analysis sequence 分析序列Multivariate statistics 多元统计Interactive effect 相互影响农药—pesticide 化肥—chemical fertilizer 有机废物—organic wastes 微生物—microorganism / microbe 衰减—attenuation 阻滞的—retardant / blocking 稀释—dilution 添加剂—additive 合成塑料—synthetic plastic 再生--regeneration出口outlet 多管高效旋风分离器multitube high-efficiency cyclone 合成纤维synthetic fabric 捕集效率collection efficiency 机械洗涤mechanical scrubbing 压力降pressure drop 焚化炉incinerator 气体离子gas ion 捕集板collection surface 碳黑carbon black 尾气off-gas 可应用性applicability 工业规模full-scale 土壤床soil bed 生物过滤biofilter 固定资本fixed capital 易生物降解的easily biodegraded手动控制operator control/ manual control 最优化minimize the effects 微处理器microprocessor 统计分析statistical analysis 质量衡算mass balance 动力学dynamics 氧化还原oxidation and reduction /redox 停留时间residence time 模拟simulation 参数parameter 水解hydrolysis 积分integral。

环境工程专业英语期末试卷标准卷

晓庄学院期末考试试卷（ 07 级环境工程专业2010 ～2011 学年度第一学期）课程名称环境工程专业英语 ✌ 卷考试形式闭卷考核类型考试本试卷共六大题，卷面满分 分，答题时间 分钟。

一、请根据缩写写出单词全称：（本题共小题，每小题分，共 分） ✞：✞☐●♋♦♓●♏ ❒♑♋⏹♓♍ ☐❍☐☐◆⏹♎♦  ✌：✌♓❒ ☐●●◆♦♓☐⏹ ☐⏹♦❒☐● ： ◆♦☐♏⏹♎♏♎ ☐●♓♎♦ ： ♒♏❍♓♍♋● ⌧⍓♑♏⏹ ♏❍♋⏹♎  ☜✋✌： ☜⏹❖♓❒☐⏹❍♏⏹♦♋● ✋❍☐♋♍♦ ✌♦♦♏♦♦❍♏⏹♦ （评分标准：每小题中单词全部写对，不论大小写，得分；错一个单词得分；错两个及以上单词，得分。

）二、请写出下列术语的英文表达：（本题共小题，每小题分，共 分）  城市污水：❍◆⏹♓♍♓☐♋● ♦♋♦♦♏♦♋♦♏❒废水处理：♦♋♦♦♏♦♋♦♏❒ ♎♓♦☐☐♦♋● 沉降池 ♦♏♎♓❍♏⏹♦♋♦♓☐⏹ ♦♋⏹ 消毒 ♎♓♦♓⏹♐♏♍♦♓☐⏹  絮凝作用 ♐●☐♍♍◆●♋♦♓☐⏹（评分标准：每小题中所用单词意思基本吻合，单词拼写正确，且单词词态正确，得分；错一个单词得分；错两个及以上单词，得分。

）三、请根据下列英文解释写出相应的英文词汇：（本题共小题，每题分，共 分）❆♒♏ ☐♒⍓♦♓♍♋● ♋⏹♎ ♌♓☐♦♓♍ ♒♋♌♓♦♋♦♦♒♓♍♒ ♦◆❒❒☐◆⏹♎♦ ◆♦ ☜⏹❖♓❒☐⏹❍♏⏹♦ ✌ ⏹♋♦◆❒♋● ♑♋♦ ♦♒♓♍♒ ♓♦ ♐☐❒❍♏♎ ♐❒☐❍ ♎♏♍♋⍓♓⏹♑ ❍♋♦♦♏❒ ♋⏹♎ ♌◆❒⏹♦ ♏♋♦♓●⍓ ♦☐❍♏♦♓❍♏♦ ♍♋◆♦♏♦ ♏⌧☐●☐♦♓☐⏹♦ ♓⏹ ❍♓⏹♏♦ ♏♦♒♋⏹♏❆☐☐ ❍♋⏹⍓ ☐♏☐☐●♏ ♓⏹ ♋ ♑♓❖♏⏹ ♋❒♏♋♦☐☐ ♒♓♑♒ ♋ ☐☐☐◆●♋♦♓☐⏹ ♎♏⏹♦♓♦⍓ ❖♏❒☐☐☐◆●♋♦♓☐⏹❆♒♏ ☐❒☐♍♏♦♦ ♌⍓ ♦♒♓♍♒ ♦♋♦♏❒ ☐♋♦♦♏♦ ♦♒❒☐◆♑♒ ♋ ❍♏❍♌❒♋⏹♏ ♦♒♋♦ ♓♦ ♓❍☐♏❒❍♏♋♌●♏ ♦☐ ♎♓♦♦☐●❖♏♎ ♓☐⏹♦♦❍☐♦♓♦✌ ♓⏹♎ ☐♐ ♍♒♏❍♓♍♋● ♦♒♓♍♒ ♍♋⏹ ♦☐♏♏♎ ◆☐♎☐♦⏹ ♋ ♍♒♏❍♓♍♋● ❒♏♋♍♦♓☐⏹ ❒♋♦♏♋♦♋●⍓♦♦（评分标准：每小题中所用单词意思基本吻合，单词拼写正确，且单词词态正确，得分；否则得分。

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pollution污染 a cid rain酸雨interaction of systems系统的交互作用environmental problem环境问题environmental disturbance环境破坏biotic habitat生物环境sulfur dioxide二氧化硫nitrogen oxide氧化氮carbon dioxide二氧化碳automobile exhaust汽车尾气infectious diseases有传染性的疾病waterborne diseases水传染的疾病agrarian society农业社会industrial society工业社会industrial revolution产业革命urbanization城市化industrialization工业化developed country发达国家developing country发展中国家undeveloped country落后国家primary air pollutant一次大气污染物secondary air pollutant二次大气污染物monoxide一氧化物dioxide二氧化物trioxide三氧化物carbon monoxide一氧化碳carbon dioxide 二氧化碳sulfur dioxide二氧化硫sulfur trioxide 三氧化硫nitrous oxide一氧化二氮nitric oxide一氧化氮nitrogen dioxide二氧化氮carbon oxides碳氮化物sulfur oxides硫氧化物nitrogen oxides氮氧化物hydrocarbons碳氢化合物photochemical oxidants光化学氧化物particulates颗粒物inorganic compound无机化合物organic compound有机化合物radioactive substance放射性物质heat热 noise噪声contaminant污染物 strength强度foreign matter杂质 domestic sewage生活污水municipal wastewater城市废水 microbe微生物microorganism微生物 bacteria细菌total solids总固体inorganic constituents无机要素suspended solids (SS)固体悬浮物volatile suspended solids (VSS)挥发性悬浮固体颗粒organic matter有机物质total organic carbon, TOC总有机碳chemical oxygen demand, COD化学需氧量biochemical oxygen demand, BOD生化需氧量biodegradable可微生物分解的contamination污染 recontamination再污染groundwater地下水 surface water地表水restriction限制 colloid胶体screening隔栅 coagulation凝聚flocculation絮凝 sedimentation沉淀filtration过滤 disinfection消毒chlorination氯化消毒 prechlorination预加氯ozonation臭氧消毒 aeration曝气softening软化 activated carbon活性炭adsorption吸附 reverse osmosis反渗透desalination脱盐处理microbial degradation微生物降解biological degradation生化降解biofilm process生物膜法activated sludge process活性污泥法attached-growth吸着生长suspended-growth悬浮生长shock loading冲击负荷organic loading有机负荷mixed liquor suspended solids混合液悬浮固体metabolize 使代谢化metabolism新陈代谢dissolved oxygen 溶解氧pretreatment process 预处理工艺primary clarifier初沉池equalization basin均质池biological treatment process生物处理工艺aeration basin曝气池secondary clarifier二沉池biomass生物质heterotrophic bacteria异养菌autotrophic bacteria自养菌hydraulic retention time (HRT) 水力停留时间sludge residence time (SRT)污泥停留时间solid waste固体废物municipal城市化industrial工业的agricultural农业的hazardous危险的residential住宅的commercial商业的putrescibl e易腐烂的combustible易燃的flammable可燃的explosive易爆的radioactive放射性的汽车尾气automobile exhaustLandfilling土地填埋 incineration:焚烧 composting: 堆肥 compaction: 压实，紧凑sanitary landfill卫生填埋 balance剩下的，余额，结余 batch-fed分批投料 refus e垃圾municipal waste城市垃圾perform: 执行 shut down:关闭 energy recovery能量回收incomplete combustion不完全燃烧combustion燃烧volume reduction体积缩小anaerobic厌氧硝化中英互译短语Biological degradation生化降解 equalization basin调节池 aeration basin曝气池sludge blocs污泥絮体 settling tank沉淀池 dissolved oxygen溶解氧suspended-growth悬浮生长 pulverized refuse垃圾破碎biofilm生物膜well-compacted landfill压实填埋场nutrient source营养源mass-burning大量燃烧fluidized fed incarceration硫化床燃烧法 soil conditioners土壤改良剂温室效应greenhouse effect 由CO2引起的caust by CO2 世界碳预算the world carbon budget 天气自然波动natural fluctuations 全球变暖global warming 厌氧的anaerobic腐烂Putrefied 甲烷methane 臭氧层ozone layer 气候模型climatic model正常浓度：normal concentration 严重污染物： heavily polluted 决定因素：determining factor光化学氧化物：photochemical oxidants 液体微滴：liquid particulates 含硫的：sulfur-containing放射性物质：radioactiue substance 汽车尾气：automobile exhaust wet oxidation湿式氧化1、Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us; that which we can see, hear,touch, smell, and taste. 环境是我们周围的物理和生物环境，我们可以看到、听到、接触到、闻到和品尝到的。

2、Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biologicalcharacteristics of the air, water, or land that can harmfully affect the health, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms污染可以定义为大气、水或者土壤在物理、化学或者生物方面的特征所产生的不愉快的变化，它对人类的健康、生存和活动或者其他的有机体都产生了有害的影响。

3、Two examples of interaction between systems that cause major environmental disturbances arepresented-the buildup of atmospheric carbon dioxide, a global problem, and the acid rain problem, normally of regional nature目前大气中二氧化碳的增多，是一个全球性的问题，还有酸雨问题，一般来说它都具有一定的区域特性，这就是两个关于系统之间的相互联系而产生重大环境问题的例子。

4、With these improvements, however, have come disturbing side effects, such as lost arable land,disappearing forests, environmental pollution, and new organisms resistant to controls.经过这些进步，尽管还是有一些破坏性的影响，例如耕地、森林的消失，环境的污染和新的生物反抗的控制5、Both phenomena, urbanization and industrialization, were and are fundamental causes of water andair pollution which the cities of that time were unable to handle.城市化和工业化两者的现象，是过去和现在水污染和大气污染的根本原因，在过去这些城市是处理不了的6、Rapid advances in technology for the treatment of water and the partial treatment of wastewatertook place in the developed countries over the next few decades.在接下来的几十年理发达国家，在水治理和部分废水治理技术方面都取得了快速的进展。