化学化工专业英语试卷及答案
化工专业英语试题及答案上课讲义
2014~2015学年秋季学期化工专业英语期末考试1、简单词汇翻译（每题1分，共20分）1、Alkali ( )2、sulphuric ( )3、ammonia () 4、polymer ( )5、polyethylene( )6、polyurethane ( )7、cyclohexane ( ) 8、hydrogen( )9、nitric ( ) 10、profitability( )11、Seale-up ( ) 12、leaching( )13、corriosion ( ) 14、distillation( )15、gradient ( ) 16、exothermic( ) 17、polycarbonate( )18、isothermal( )19、cybernetics ( ) 20、filtration( )2、句子翻译（每题5分，共30分）1、Once the pilot plant is operational,performance and optimization data can be obtained in order to evaluate the process from an economic point of view.2、By contrast,the chemical engineer typically works with much larger quantities of material and with very large equipment.3、pressure drives the equilibrium forward ,as four molecules of gas are being transformed into two.4、What industry needs to achieve in the process is an acceptable combination of reaction speed and reaction yield.5、The ammonia and air mixture can be oxidized to dinitrogen and water.6、The important point to keep in mind is that all energy of all kinds must be included,although it may be converted to a single equivalent.3、化工专业名词书写（每题一分，共24分）1、加热（）2、焙烧（）3、吸收（）4、冷凝（）5、沉降（）6、结晶（）7、粉碎（）8、电解（）9、搅动（）10、离心（）11、平衡（）12、体积（）13、催化剂（）14、一（）15、二（）16、三（）17、四（）18、五（）19、六（）20、七（）21、八（）22、九、（）23、十（）24、氮基化合物（）。
化学化工专业英语试卷及答案
2011年春季学期应用化学专业《08级化学化工专业英语试卷答案》1. state-of-the-industry 中文：工业发展水平（1分）2. alkyl ether sulfate中文：烷基醚硫酸盐（酯）（1.5分）3. W/O 英文：water in oil，(oil emulsion) ；中文：油乳胶（油包水）（1.5分）4. 2,6-Dimethy-2,7-octadien-6-ol 画出结构式：（4分）5. The inherent tendency of the whole or a part of a molecule to pass out of or not to penetrate into a water phase.英文：Hydrophoby ；中文：疏水性（亲油性）(1.5分)6. A substance which, when introduced in a liquid, increases its wetting tendency.英文：Wetting agent ；中文：润湿剂(1.5分)7. The process by which soil is dislodged from the substrate and bought into a state of solution or dispersion.英文：Detergency ；中文：去污性（力）(1.5分)8. An attribute which is related to benefit not directly but through association or suggestion.英文：Signal attribute ；中文：信号属性(1.5分)9. A colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor, consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen.英文：ammonia ；中文：氨气(2分)10. A chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom.英文：Carbon dioxide ；中文：二氧化碳(2分)11. A chemical element with atomic number 9, it is the lightest halogen.英文：Fluorine ；中文：氟(2分)12. KH2PO4Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (2分)13. ZnSO4·7H2O Zinc sulfate hept(a)hydrate (2分)14.3-methyl-2-ethyl(-1-)butene (3-methyl-2-ethyl but-1-ene) (3.5分) 15.4-(1-ethyl-butayl)-5-hydroxy-2-hexayne-1-al (7.5分)16. A good example of such a versatile attribute is fragrance. (2分)译文：这样一个多功能属性的好例子就是香味。
化学化工英语试题及答案
化学化工英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is a chemical element?A. WaterB. OxygenC. HydrogenD. Carbon答案：B, C, D2. The chemical formula for table salt is:A. NaOHB. NaClC. HClD. NaHCO3答案：B3. What is the process called when a substance changes from a solid to a liquid?A. SublimationB. VaporizationC. MeltingD. Condensation答案：C4. In the periodic table, which group contains alkali metals?A. Group 1B. Group 2C. Group 17D. Group 18答案：A5. What is the name of the process where a substance decomposes into two or more substances due to heat?A. CombustionB. OxidationC. ReductionD. Decomposition答案：D6. Which of the following is a physical property of a substance?A. ColorB. TasteC. SolubilityD. Reactivity答案：A7. What is the term for a compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water?A. BaseB. AcidC. SaltD. Neutral答案：B8. The law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction:A. Mass is lostB. Mass is gainedC. Mass remains constantD. Mass can be converted into energy答案：C9. Which of the following is a type of chemical bond?A. Ionic bondB. Covalent bondC. Hydrogen bondD. All of the above答案：D10. What is the name of the process where a substance absorbs energy and changes from a liquid to a gas?A. MeltingB. VaporizationC. SublimationD. Condensation答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The symbol for the element iron is ________.答案：Fe2. The pH scale ranges from ________ to ________.答案：0 to 143. A compound that produces a basic solution when dissolvedin water is called a ________.答案：base4. The smallest particle of an element that retains its chemical properties is called a ________.答案：atom5. The process of separating a mixture into its individual components is known as ________.答案：separation6. The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter is called ________.答案：chemistry7. The process of a substance changing from a gas to a liquid is called ________.答案：condensation8. A(n) ________ reaction is a type of chemical reactionwhere two or more substances combine to form a single product. 答案：synthesis9. The volume of a gas at constant temperature and pressureis directly proportional to the number of ________.答案：moles10. The process of converting a solid directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase is known as ________. 答案：sublimation三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain what is meant by the term "stoichiometry" in chemistry.答案：Stoichiometry is the calculation of the relative quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.It is based on the law of conservation of mass and involvesthe use of balanced chemical equations and the molar massesof substances to determine the amounts of reactants needed to produce a certain amount of product or the amounts ofproducts formed from a given amount of reactant.2. Describe the difference between a physical change and a chemical change.答案：A physical change is a change in the state or form of a substance without altering its chemical composition. Examples include melting, freezing, and boiling. A chemical change, on the other hand, involves a change in the chemical composition of a substance, resulting in the formation of new substances. Examples include combustion and rusting.3. What are the three main types of chemical bonds, and givean example of each.答案：The three main types of chemical bonds are ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds. An ionic bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of oppositely charged ions. An example is the bond between sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) in table salt (NaCl). A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons, as seen in water (H2O) where hydrogen atoms share electrons with oxygen. Metallic bonds occur in metals, where a "sea" of delocalized electrons is shared among positively charged metal ions, as in sodium metal。
化学化工专业英语部分练习参考答案
化学化工专业英语部分练习参考答案P8.练习答案：（4）I-steel 工字钢；I-shaped I型材；n-region n区p-region p区；T-beam 丁字梁，T型梁P-N-junction P-N结；T-connecting 丁字接头，T形接法A.C.:alternating current 交流电D.C.:direct current 直流电P13.练习答案：一、注意名词单复数的译法1、这台设备已经用了许多年了。
2、空气是各种气体的混合物。
3、许多植物能利用二氧化碳中的氧。
4、带负电荷的机体所含电子数多于质子数。
5、其它蒸发材料（物质）和蒸发过程将简要地加以讨论。
6、这样的一些操作要求物质由气流传递到液体中去。
7、如果不饱和性归因于三键的存在，那么这些化合物都会被称为炔烃。
8、尚未试图在蒸发过程中将蒸汽分馏成各种馏分。
9、许多盐、酸和碱等化合物将被广泛应用于家庭、工业和医药实践中。
10、苯的同系物是那些苯环上含有单烷基（取代一个氢）或多烷基（取代多个氢）的物质。
11、当然，一旦酸失去质子，碱必然接受质子。
因此，酸和碱的反应就是一种质子转移的反应。
这种反应就是我们通常所知的中和反应。
12、这篇文章着重讨论一些原料和成品生产技术上最近的发展。
二、注意词义引申的译法1、叔醇非常难以氧化。
2、含1个到4个碳原子的正烷烃是气体。
3、通常,所有的金属都是良导体,其中银的传导性最好,其次是铜。
4.从两种或任意多种溶液中分离溶质都需要蒸馏的分馏技术。
三、注意词的增译及省译1、橡胶能阻止电流通过。
2、过去每到他轮班时就会给车床上油。
3、从这个意义上讲，结构分析普遍应用于大多数的有机研究。
4、过去在电子尚未被发现以前，人们就假定了不可见电流是从正极流向负极。
5、有人看见这些工人在修理发电机。
6、这些植物提取物的功效已经为早期人类所发现。
7、树木之所以幸存是因为其进化已经使它们成为了高度分隔的有机体。
化学化工专业英语试卷
8. oxidation reaction：9. organic chemistry： element：enough area to meritanother separate aritcle. 2．In contrast to inorganiccompounds, the molecularattraction of organiccompounds is weak, soorganic compounds areusually volatile andpossess low meltingpoints.3．Benzene can undergo the typical substitutionreactions ofhalogenation,nitration,sulphonation andFriedel-Craftsreaction. 4．Evaporation is conducted by vaporizing a portion ofthe solvent to produce aconcentrated solution orthick liquor.5．The presence of a substituent group inbenzene exerts aprofound control overboth orientation and theease of introduction ofthe enteringsubstituent.6．The functional group of a ketone consists of acarbon atom connected by adouble bond to an oxygenatom.7．At equilibrium, these two rate are equal; cupricion is still reactingwith ammonia moleculesto form the complex, andthe complex is stilldecomposing, but just asmuch cupric ammoniacomplex is beingdecomposed in unit timeas is being formed. 8．The reaction of an acid chloride with an amine isused commercially in themanufacture of the veryimportant range ofsemi-syntheticpenicilings,firstproduced by the BeechanGroup in 1959. 9．Thus satisfactory binding propertise are essentialfor trouble-freecompression and theproduction of goodquality cakes over longmanufacturing periods. 10．The synthesis of organic compounds involvesconversion ofavailable substancesof known structure,through a sequence ofparticular,controlled chemicalreactions, into othercompounds bearing adesired molecularstructure.The active ingredients were identified in the unsaponifiable fraction of this vegetable product. After solvent extraction and drying, the pure unsaponifiables are obtained in the form of a waxy solid. This waxy solid is then redissolved in untreated shea butter toincrease the unsaponifiable content and thus lead to the unsaponifiable shea butter concentrate. Used in cosmetics at levels of up to 2%,it provides excellent protection against sunlight and skin dryness.Another example is the extract of the kola nut, known for its anti-irritant properties. As available in the market, it has an objectionable color and odor . At Estee Lauder, we analyzed and separated itsconstituents, identified the individual componentswith anti-irritant properties, and recombined them in the most effective ratio. In the process , objectionable color and odor were removed and possible allergens（过敏原） eliminated. All this indicates that cosmetics formulated with plantextracts today can be more effective and , at the same time, more elegant than 10 or 20 years ago.采用一种简单、可靠并且有效的气相色谱法，来同时测定草药鱼腥草和鱼腥草注射液中8种活性组分的含量。
化工英语试卷
化工专业英语试卷Ⅰ.Put the following into Chinese or English.（20 points）1.polypropylene2.refinery3.extract4.corrosion5.pigment6. complex7. initial state8. hydrogen energy9. branch 10. alkali metal 11.表面活性剂12.热力学13.蒸馏14.高聚物15.溶液16. Seed crystal 17. Litmus paper 18. Evaporating dish 19.Distilling tube20. Simple substance1._____2._____3._____4.____5._____6._____7._____8.____9._____ 10._____ 11._____ 12.____13.____ 14._____ 15._____ 16.____17._____ 18.______ 19._____ 20._____Ⅱ.Translate these sentences into Chinese.（10 points）21. The drive to increased recycling and the ideal of emission-free plants will be a major factor influencing the development of the industry in the next decade.__________________________________________________________ 22. Chemical engineering has a bright future as interfacial discipline, that will bridge science engineering in the multidisciplinary environments where these new technologies will be brought into being.__________________________________________________________ 23. Foaming and cleaning agents are basic constituents of shampoos and cleansers.__________________________________________________________ 24. Surfactants are substances with molecular structures consisting of a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic part.__________________________________________________________ 25. While this is true for the manufacturing any cosmetic, emulsions are particularly delicate: small deviations in the procedure of raw material specification can bring about marked changes in product viscosity and stability.__________________________________________________________Ⅲ.Guess word.（5 points）26.The inherent tendency of the whole or apart of the molecule to pass out of or not to penetrate into a water phase.H_______27. A substance which, when introduced in a liquid, increases it is wetting tendency.W______ ______28. A colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor, consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen.A______29. A chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom.C______ _______30. A chemical element with atomic number 9, it is the lightest halogen. F______Ⅳ. In this section, there are 5 questions, each question has four options, one of them is correct, choose the answer you think is right.（10 points）31. The main constituents of plants are_____.A. oxygenB. waterC. carbonD. carbon hydrates32.____ is not categorized as high-volume sectors.A. carbon dioxideB. sculptures acidC. chloral-alkaliD. polythene33. Of all soda-ash, 50% is sold to the_____ industry.A building B. paper-making C. glass –making D. transportation34. ____is the chemical that is produced in the largest tonnage.A. carbonB. oxygenC. euphoric acidD. ammonia35. Almost all explosives are ultimately derive from_____.A. ureaB. nitric acidC. euphoric acidD. ammonia36. Light is given off by a sodium vapor streetlight when____A. electrons move from a given energy level to a higher energy levelB. electrons are removed from atoms and captions are formed.C. electrons move from a given energy level to a lower energy levelD. electrons are added to atoms and anions are formed37. Which mixture is most likely to be an ideal solution?A.CH3CH2OH and CH3(CH2)3CH3B. CH3(CH2)3CH3 and CH3(CH2)4CH3C. CH3CH2OH and H2OD. NaOH and H2O38. Electricity is carried through a solution of an electrolyte by____A. electrons onlyB. anions onlyC. cations onlyD. both cations and anions39. Which of the following is electrophilic reagent？A. H2N－NH2B. NaHSO3C. HNO3D. HCN40. Arrange the bases ClCH2COO-, CH3COO- and FCH2COO- in order of increasing strengthA. FCH2COO- < ClCH2COO- < CH3COO-B. CH3COO- < ClCH2COO- < FCH2COO-C. ClCH2COO- < FCH2COO- < CH3COO-D. CH3COO- < FCH2COO- < ClCH2COO-Ⅴ. In this section, there is a passage with 10 blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in aword bank following the passage.（10 points）One of the main reasons for the rapid growth of the chemical industry in the developed world has been its great 41____to, and investment in research and development (R&D). A typical figure is 5% of sales income, with this figure being almost doubled for the most research42_____ sector, pharmaceuticals. It is important to 43___ that we are quoting percentages here not of profits but of sales income, i.e. the total money received, which has to pay for 44____materials, overheads, staff salaries, etc. as well. In the past this tremendous investment has 45____well, leading to many useful and valuable products being 46____to the market. Examples include 47____polymers like nylons and polyesters, and drugs and pesticides. Although the number of new products introduced to the market has declined 48____in recent years, and in times of 49____the research department is usually one of the first to suffer50____, the commitment to R&D remains at a very high level.paid off syntheticemphasize cutbacksintensive introducedsignificantly commitmentrecession rawⅥ. There are one passage in this section, passage is followed by somequestions or statements. You should decide on the best choice.（10 points）The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientist's timekeeping methods. For this reason, scientists are interested in devices that give promise of more precise timekeeping.In their search for precision, scientists have turned to atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their "ticking" .This is possible because each kind of atom or molecule has its own characteristic rate of vibration. The nitrogen atom in ammonia, for example, vibrates or "ticks" 24 billion times a second.One such atomic clock is so accurate that it will probably lose no more than a second in 3000 years. It will be of great importance in fields such as astrological observation and long-range navigation. The heart of this atomic Ron is a cesium atom that vibrates 9.2 billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiling water.An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecule may be used to check the accuracy of predictions based on Einstein's relativity theories, according to which a clock in motion and a clock at rest should keep time differently. Placed in an orbiting satellite moving at a speed of 18000 miles an hour, the clock could broadcast its time readings to a ground station, where they would be compared with the readings on a similarmodel. Whatever differences develop would be checked against the differences predicted.51. Scientists expect that the atomic clocks will be ______A more preciseB absolutely accurateC more durableD indestructible52. The passage says that the accuracy of scientific observation depends on ________.A. methods of measurementB. timekeeping methodsC. basic assumptionsD. earlier experiments53. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as to the usage of atomic clock?A. Scientific research.B. Astronomical observation.C. To check Einstein relativity theory.D. Long range navigation.54. Which of the following is implied but not stated?A. Precise timekeeping is essential in science.B. Scientists expect to disprove Einstein relativity theories.C. Atomic clocks will be important in space flight.D. The rate of vibration of an atom never varies.55. An appropriate title for this passage would be.A. A Peacetime Use of the AtomB. Atoms and MoleculesC. The Satellite TimekeepersD. The Role of the ClockⅦ.Translate into Chinese.（15 points）Note, however, that there has been a major change in recent years as academic institutions have increasingly turned to industry for research funding, with the result that much more of their research effort is mow devoted to more applied research. Even so, in academia the emphasis generally is very much on the research rather than the development.ⅧWriting.（20 points）For this part, you should write a short essay entitled The Development of Fine Chemicals. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.精细化工现状2.精细化工未来发展前景3.我的建议___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________KEY:1.聚丙烯2.炼油厂3.萃取；提炼4.腐蚀；锈蚀5.颜料；色素6. 络合物 6. surface-active agent7. 始态8. 氢键9. 支键10. 碱金属11.thermodynamics12. still 13.macromer 14.dissolution 15.solution 16. 晶种17. 石蕊试纸18. 蒸发皿19. 整流管20. 简单物质21.增加回收利用的动力和无废物排放工厂的理想在下个十年里是影响工业发展的主要因素.22.作为界面科学，化学工程有美好的未来，它把科学和工程连接在多学科的环境中，这将促使新技术的生成。
化工专业英语(期末练习题)
PRACTICE一,英译汉Hydrolyze —水解 Alkane —烷烃 Evaporation —蒸发 Aluminum —Al Oxidation —氧化反应 Methylamine —甲胺 Halogen —卤素 carbon dioxide 混合物 binary compounds 二元化合物 Cyclohexane —环己烷 monophase 单相的 polyethylene 聚乙烯 stainless steel 不锈钢 aminobenzene 苯胺 1. The Ideal-Gas Equation of State 理想气体状态方程 2. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律 3. Reaction Rates 反应速率 4. Activation Energy 活化能 5. Separatory Funnel 分液漏斗 6. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化7. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对 8. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应9. The Solubility-Product Constant 溶度积常数 二，命名 1. 甲烷 methane2. 2-甲基-3-乙基辛烷 3-ethyl- 2-methyloctane3. 2-乙基-1,3-丁二烯 2- ethyl -1, 3-butadiene4. 环己烷 Cyclohexane5. 对二甲苯 paraxylene6. 乙酸甲酯 Methyl acetate7. 醋酸 Acetic acid8. 丙酮Acetone C H 3C H C H 2C H 2 C H 2C H C H 3C H 2C H 3C H3三，翻译命名2-methylbutane 2-甲基丁烷3-ethyl-2-methylheptane 3-乙基-2-甲基庚烷 4-ethyl-2-methylhexane 2-甲基-4-乙基己烷4-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane2,2-二甲基-4-乙基己烷5,5-bis(l,2-dimethylpropyl)nonane 5,5-二（1,2-二甲基丙基）壬烷2-hexyl-l,3-butadiene 2-己基-1,3-丁二烯 Benzyl 苄基（苯甲基） Phenyl 苯基 ethyl chloride 氯化乙基 2-fluoropropanemethanol 甲醇 ethanol 乙醇 1,2-ethanedioltrimethylamine 三甲胺 phenylmethanal ethanoyl chloride 四，翻译短句1. Acetylene (乙炔) is hydrocarbon especially high in heat value.乙炔烃特别是高热值2. It is common knowledge that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air.大家都知道，水中的物体比在空中更轻。
《化工专业英语》练习题
《化工专业英语》练习题一、词汇翻译1. hydrochloric acid2. pigments3. sulphuric acid4. potassium hydroxide5. sodium chloride6. ammonium nitrate7. methane8. sillicon9. calcium carbonate10. carbon dioxide11. calcium carbonate12. acetylene13. potassium chloride14. mercury oxide15. geodesic dome16. crystallography17. symmetrical18. hybridize19. polyurethane20. dynamite二、阅读理解Passage 1A mysteriousblack cloudapproaches the earth-our planet's weather is severely affected. Throughout the rest of June and July temperatures rose steadily all over the Earth. In the British isles the temperature climbed through the eighties, into the nineties, and moved towards the hundred mark. People complained, but there was no serious disaster. The death number in the U. S. Remained quite small, thanks largely to the air-conditioning units that had been fitted during previous years and months. Temperatures rose to the limit of human endurance throughout the whole country and people were obliged to remain indoors for weeks on end. Occasionally air-conditioning units failed and it was then that fatalities occurred. Conditions were utterly desperate throughout the tropics（热带地区）as may be judged from the fact that 7943 species of plants and animals became totally extinct. The survival of Man himself was only possible because of the caves and cellars（地窖）he was able to dig. Nothing could be done to reduce the hot air temperature. More than seven hundred million persons are known to have lost their lives. Eventually the temperature of the surface waters of the sea rose, not so fast as the air temperature it is true, but fast enough to produce a dangerous increase of humidity（湿度）. It was indeed this increase that produced the disastrous conditions just remarked. Millions of people between the latitudes of Cairo and the Cape of Good Hope weresubjected to a choking atmosphere that grew damper and hotter from day to day. All human movement ceased. There was nothing to be done but to lie breathing quickly as a dog does in hot weather. By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics lay balanced between life and total death. Then quite suddenly rain clouds appeared over the whole globe. The temperature declined a little, due no doubt to the clouds reflecting more of the Sun's radiation back into space, But conditions could not be said to have improved. Warm rain fell everywhere, even as far north as Iceland. The insect population increased enormously, since the burning hot atmosphere was as favorable to them as it was unfavorable to Man many other animals.1. In the British Isles the temperature. （）A）stayed at eightyB）ranged from eighty to ninetyC）approached one hundredD）exceeded the hundred mark2. Few people in the United States lost their lives because. （）A）the temperature was tolerableB）people remained indoors for weeksC）the government had taken effective measures to reduce the hot temperatureD）people were provided with the most comfortable air-conditioners3. Millions of people in Cairo（开罗）and the Cape of Good Hope（好望角）were subjected to a choking atmosphere because. （）A）the temperature grew extremely hotB）the temperature became damper and hotter as the humidity of the surface waters of the sea increasedC）their conditions were too dangerousD）nothing could be done with the hot temperature4. By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics were such that. （）A）human survival would be impossibleB）more and more people would lose their livesC）fewer people could be savedD）survival or death was still undecided5. The insect population increased due to. （）A）the hot airB）the tropical climateC）the rain cloudsD）the damp atmospherePassage 2I don't think there is anything wrong with your blood. The key to your problem is that long nap（打盹,小睡）after dinner. If you didn't sleep for hours during the early part of the evening, you would be more ready tosleep at bedtime. If you didn't nap after dinner, you would not want to stay up so late, and you would not feel the need to take a sleeping pill. The pill is still working in your system when you get up in the morning. This helps account for the fact that you feel tired all day. You should get out of the habit of sleeping during the evening. Right after your evening meal, engage in some sort of physical activity - a sport such as bowling, perhaps. Or get together with friends for an evening of cards and conversation. Then go to bed at your usual time or a little earlier, and you should be able to get a good nights rest without taking a pill. If you can get into the habit of spending your evenings this way, I am sure you will feel less tired during the day. At first it may be hard for you to go to sleep without taking a pill. If so, get up and watch television or do some jobs around your house until you feel sleepy. If you fall asleep and then wake up a few hours later, get up but do not take a sleeping pill. Read a while or listen to the radio, and make yourself a few hours' sleep that night, you will feel better in the morning than you usually feel after taking a pill. The next night you will be ready to sleep at an earlier hour. The most important thing is to avoid taking that nap right after dinner and avoid taking pills.6. According to the writer, it is difficult for you to go to sleep because. （）A）you get the habit of staying up lateB）you haven't taken sleeping pillsC）you sleep for hours after dinnerD）you fail to do some exercises7. Which of the following is NOT true if you want to get out of the habit of sleeping during the evening? ( )A）Go to bed earlier than usual.B）Talk with friends after dinner.C）Stay with friends after dinner.D）Do some physical labor.8. You feel tired all day probably because? ( )A）you stay up too lateB）you get up too early in the morningC）you take sleeping pillsD）you wake up too frequently at night9. Which of the following is true according to the passage? ( )A）You mustn't take sleeping pills in order to get a good night's sleep. B）You should stay up if you want to sleep effectively.C）Food is necessary at night if you fail to go to sleep.D）It is very important to get out of the habit of taking a nap after dinner.10. We may infer that the author is most probably a（）A）doctorB）scientistC）reporterD）professor三、英译汉1. Perhaps you are a health science major, looking forward to a career in medicine or pharmacy. If so, you will want to become familiar with the properties of aqueous solutions, which include blood and other body fluids.Chemists have made many life-saving products over the past few decades. These range from drugs used in chemotherapy to new antibiotics used against resistant microorganisms.2. Farm soils generally contain a limited quantity of the nitrogen compounds that plants require for growth.In such soils, compound nitrogen is the limiting reactant in a plant’s biochemical processes. Byapplying ammonia and other nitrogen fertilizers to the soil, farmers increase the quantity of this limiting reactant, thereby dramatically boosting the production of soy beans, wheat, and other crops.3. The food industry uses hydrochloric acid to make corn syrup from cornstarch and to make gelatin from bones. These reactions involve the breaking down of large molecules to smaller ones by the action of the acid.Hydrochloric acid is present in the gastric juice of the stomach, where it aids in the digestion, or breakdown, of foods, including the changing of starches to sugars.。
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化学化工专业英语试卷及答案标准化管理部编码-[99968T-6889628-J68568-1689N]2011年春季学期应用化学专业《08级化学化工专业英语试卷答案》1. state-of-the-industry 中文：工业发展水平（1分）2. alkyl ether sulfate中文：烷基醚硫酸盐（酯）（分）3. W/O 英文： water in oil，(oil emulsion) ；中文：油乳胶（油包水）（分）4. 2,6-Dimethy-2,7-octadien-6-ol 画出结构式：（4分）5. The inherent tendency of the whole or a part of a molecule to pass out of or not to penetrate into a water phase.英文： Hydrophoby ；中文：疏水性（亲油性）分)6. A substance which, when introduced in a liquid, increases its wetting tendency.英文： Wetting agent ；中文：润湿剂分)7. The process by which soil is dislodged from the substrate and bought into a state of solution or dispersion.英文： Detergency ；中文：去污性（力）分)8. An attribute which is related to benefit not directly but through association or suggestion.英文： Signal attribute ；中文：信号属性分)9. A colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor, consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen.英文： ammonia ；中文：氨气 (2分)10. A chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom.英文： Carbon dioxide ；中文：二氧化碳 (2分)11. A chemical element with atomic number 9, it is the lightest halogen.英文： Fluorine ；中文：氟 (2分)12. KH2PO4 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (2分)13. ZnSO4·7H2O Zinc sulfate hept(a)hydrate (2分)14.3-methyl-2-ethyl(-1-)butene (3-methyl-2-ethyl but-1-ene) 分) 15.4-(1-ethyl-butayl)-5-hydroxy-2-hexayne-1-al 分)16. A good example of such a versatile attribute is fragrance. (2分)译文：这样一个多功能属性的好例子就是香味。
17. Surface active amine oxides are also classified as nonionic surfactants. (2分)译文：表面活性胺氧化物也被归类为非离子表面活性剂。
18. Fragrances that signal desirable benefits are also perceived as pleasing. (2分)译文：那些能显示产品具有某些人们所需的功能的香气，同时也是令人愉悦的。
19. Products have attributes: they have form, size, price, efficacy, names, fragrance. (2分)译文：产品具有一些属性：它们有类型、尺寸、价格、效能、名称和香味。
20. Foaming and cleaning agents are basic constituents of shampoos and cleansers. (2分)译文：起泡剂和清洁剂是洗发香波和洁面乳的主要组分。
21. What goes unnoticed is how much higher quality the other constituents now are. (2分)译文：现在其他的组分提高了多高的质量（这件事）往往被忽略22. Table 1 gives an overview of the most important substance types assigned to the four surfactant classes. (3分)译文：表1提供了归属于四种表面活性剂种类的最重要的物质类型的一个概观。
23. Experts recently submitted for discussion the classification of cosmetic preparations shown in Table 1. (3分)译文：专家们最近提交了关于如表1所示化妆品制剂分类的讨论（结果）。
24. Surfactants are substances with molecular structures consisting of a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic part. (3分)译文：表面活性剂是分子结构由一个亲水基和一个疏水基组成的物质。
25. Up front are those products, that make the cleaning of thehair possible, and such that help to improve the styling effect. (3分)译文：前面（提及的）是那些能够清洁头发从而帮助提高（头发）的发型效果的产品。
26. In solvents such as water, the surfactant moleculesdistribute in such a manner, that their concentration at the interfaces is higher than in the inner regions of the solution. (5分)译文:在像水这样的溶剂中，表面活性剂分子以这样一种方式分布，就是它们在界面处的浓度比溶液内部区域的浓度要高。
27. She is familiar with this brand through advertising she has seen, it costs the same as her regular brand, and she has every expectation that this brand works just about as well as herregular brand. (6分)译文:通过她看过的广告她熟悉这个品牌，它（这个牌子的产品）与她经常用的品牌价格相同，所以她非常希望这个品牌（的产品）（用起来）和她经常用的品牌一样的好。
28. While this is true for the manufacturing of any cosmetic, emulsions are particularly delicate: small deviations in theprocedure of raw material specifications can bring about marked changes in product viscosity/consistency and stability. (7分)译文:而对于任何化妆品的制造这都是事实，即乳化是特别微妙的：即使是与原材料说明书步骤中很小的偏离，都会在产品黏性和稳定性方面带来显着的变化。
29. Moreover, like other surface active substances, soap not only removes the protective skin surface lipid films, but simultaneously releases appreciable amounts of fatty substances and constituents responsible for the moisture retention capacity from the stratum corneum. (8分)译文:而且，类似其他的表面活性物质，肥皂不仅仅可以去除有保护作用的皮肤表面的脂质膜，而且同时可以从角质层释放出大量与保湿能力有关的脂肪类物质和成分。
Lesson 50 The Role of Fragrance in Consumer Product（参考答案）Abstract：Fragrance is applied in various areas, such as skin care products, oral care products, hair care products and so on. In this article, the role of fragrance in consumer products will be discussed. Besides the basic functional attribute, the aesthetic and signal attribute of fragrance will be hightlighted; and the fuller useof the potential of fragrance will lead to more successful products.。