OCAI企业文化量表

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分析企业文化的经典工具:OCAI量表

分析企业文化的经典工具:OCAI量表

分析企业文化的经典工具:O C A I量表本页仅作为文档页封面,使用时可以删除This document is for reference only-rar21year.March分析企业文化的经典工具----OCAI量表作者:宋联可了解一个企业最好的方法,是先了解它的组织文化。

本书第四篇将分析几个真实的企业案例,为了了解这些企业的概况,每个案例都会先分析其组织文化。

本书采用OCAI量表测量组织文化,因为OCAI量表(Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument)是最早受到关注的量表,经过了大量的实证检验,已得到广泛运用,是当前影响最大的量表之一。

在此,向各位简单介绍该量表。

OCAI量表的理论基础是Quinn等人(Quinn,1988;Quinn and Rohrbaugh,1981,1983)建立的竞争价值模型(Competing Values Framework,简称CVF),该模型用两个维度(dimension)区分四类文化群(cluster)。

第一个维度显示组织强调变化或稳定的程度,作为纵轴,上方是适应性和自由决策(flexibility and discretion),下方是稳定性和控制(stability and control)。

第二个维度反映组织在关注内部或外部的行动间做出选择,作为横轴,左方是关注内部和结合(internal focus and integration),右方是关注外部和区别(external focus and differentiation)。

两轴将图分成四个象限,每个象限代表一类文化。

左上方是团队文化(clan),左下方是层级文化(hierarchy),右上方是灵活文化(adhocracy),右下方是市场文化(market)。

全球10大企业文化测量工具

全球10大企业文化测量工具

测量企业文化的有效工具虽然有些人认为使用自己设计的量表可以测到自己最想知道的内容,但是我们并不主张大家都来开发。

设计量表不是一件随心所欲的事情,没有理论基础、没有实证检验,测出的结果值得怀疑。

一些咨询公司声称可以提供您所需要的任何测试,网上也可download一堆问卷,如果这些测试工具没有经过实证检验,那对得出的结果就要打上大大的问号,或许您正在做一件费力而无效的工作。

感谢前人为我们提供了丰富的量表,如果您不是一个专业工作者,选择一份受到普遍认可的量表是一个不错的选择。

选用量表要考虑两个问题:第一,量表是否有可靠的理论基础?第二,量表是否经过大量的实证检验?为了省去您的麻烦,我们将向您介绍一些受到广泛认可的量表。

当然,在这仅能介绍量表,提供线索。

如果您对其中的一些量表感兴趣,寻找它们并不困难,因为它们正被许多公司使用着。

(一)OCAI量表OCAI量表已得到普遍认同和广泛使用,本书第四篇的案例分析,正是以此量表为基础。

由于此量表对于理解本书案例非常重要,后面将有详细介绍,请见第十章、四。

(二)Hofstede的研究Hofstede(1990)通过收集遍布50多个国家的100000份IBM员工问卷,用因子分析的方法获取四个维度:权力距离(Power distance),指人们如何对待社会承认的权力在组织中分配的不平等性;个人主义(Individualism),关系到个人与其同伴间人际关系的本质;避免不确定性(Uncertainty avoidance),涉及人们对未来不确定性的态度;男性特征(Masculinity),反映了社会对不同性别扮演角色的看法。

这四个指标广为流传,但是Hofstede研究东南亚地区时发现,避免不确定性维度并不明显,便提出了适于该地区解释的第五个指标,即长期性导向维度(Confucian dynamism)。

后来,Hofstede(1991)又尝试用六个维度描述组织文化:过程导向与结果导向、员工导向与工作导向、狭隘的角度与职业的角度、开放系统工程与封闭系统、宽松控制与严格控制、规范标准与实用标准。

METHODOLOGY0005_企业文化定量分析模型-OCAI

METHODOLOGY0005_企业文化定量分析模型-OCAI

注重结果、成就、竞争 岗位明确、按规章制度 实用主义者、注重绩效 协调者、组织者 竞争、高要求、高质量 关系稳定、行动一致 正式的规定、保持平稳 持久稳定、强调效率、 控制 效率、标准化、计划
革新、发展、部门协调 目标、成果、创优
员工发展、信任、开放 创造挑战、尝试新方法 竞争意识、绩效目标 员工成长、团队和谐 技术、服务的领导者、 创新者 完成目标
注重结果、成就、竞争 岗位明确、按规章制度 实用主义者、注重绩效 协调者、组织者 竞争、高要求、高质量 关系稳定、行动一致 正式的规定、保持平稳 持久稳定、强调效率、 控制 效率、标准化、计划
革新、发展、部门协调 目标、成果、创优
员工发展、信任、开放 创造挑战、尝试新方法 竞争意识、绩效目标 员工成长、团队和谐 技术、服务的领导者、 创新者 完成目标
现在 30 10 20 40 100 A. A. A. A.
F1:企业的氛围 像一个大家庭,存在个性化的空间,员工们能够同甘共苦 充满活力和事业心,员工愿意接受和承担挑战性任务 注重工作的完成和工作结果,员工也看重竞争和成就 岗位职责明确,控制体系完善,员工的工作完全按照规章制度
将来 15 40 25 20 100
“文化定量分析模型-OCAI”介绍
“文化定量分析模型-OCAI” 由美国著名的文化专家奎因(Quinn )开发。(详 见《Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture-Based on The Competing Values Framework》)该模型通过对组织现状文化和期望文化进 行定量分析,明确组织文化创新方向、管理风格、领导角色等。该模型经过含 世界500强在内的1000多家组织、14000多个管理人员的测试,证明能够有效地

OCAI企业文化量表

OCAI企业文化量表

Instructions for completing the Organizational CultureAssessment Instrument (OCAI)The purpose of the OCAI is to assess six key dimensions of organizational culture. In completing the instrument, you will be providing a picture of how your organization operates and the values that characterize it. No right or wrong answers exist for these questions just as there is not right or wrong culture. Every organization will most likely produce a different set of responses. Therefore, be as accurate as you can in responding to the questions so that your resulting cultural diagnosis will be as precise as possible.You are asked to rate your organization in the questions. To determine which organization to rate, you will want to consider the organization that is managed by your boss, the strategic business unit to which you belong, or the organizational unit in which you are a member that has clearly identifiable boundaries. Because the instrument is most helpful for determining ways to change the culture, you ’ll want to focus on the cultural unit that is the target for change. Therefore, as you answer the questions, keep in mind the organization that can be affected by the change strategy you develop.The OCAI consists of six questions. Each question has four alternatives. Divide 100 points among these four alternatives depending on the extent to which each alternative is similar to your own organization. Give a higher number of points to the alternative that is most similar to your organization. For example, in question one, if you think alternative A is very similar to your organization, alternative B and C are somewhat similar, and alternative D is hardly similar at all, you might give 55 points to A, 20 points to B and C, and five points to D. Just be sure your total equals 100 points for each question.Note, that the first pass through the six questions is labeled “Now ” . This refers to the culture, as it exists today. After you complete the “Now ”, you will find the questions repeated under a heading of “Preferred ” . Your answers to these questions should be based on how you would like the organization to look five years from now.The Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument – Current2. Organizational Leadership NowDominant CharacteristicsThe organization is a very personal place. It is like an extended family. People seem to share a lot of themselves.The organization is a very dynamic entrepreneurial place. People are willing to stick their necks out and take risks.The organization is very results oriented. A major concern is with getting the job done. People are very competitive and achievement oriented.The organization is a very controlled and structured place. Formal procedures generally govern what people do.1. ABCDNowA The leadership in the organization is generally considered to exemplifymentoring, facilitating, or nurturing.B The leadership in the organization is generally considered to exemplifyentrepreneurship, innovating, or risk taking.C The leadership in the organization is generally considered to exemplify ano-nonsense, aggressive, results-oriented focus.D The leadership in the organization is generally considered to exemplifycoordinating, organizing, or smooth-running efficiency.Total3.Management of Employees NowA B C D The management style in the organization is characterized by teamwork, consensus, and participation.The management style in the organization is characterized by individual risk-taking, innovation, freedom, and uniqueness.The management style in the organization is characterized by hard-driving competitiveness, high demands, and achievement.The management style in the organization is characterized by security of employment, conformity, predictability, and stability in relationships. Total4. AB C Organization GlueThe glue that holds the organization together is loyalty and mutual trust. Commitment to this organization runs high.The glue that holds the organization together is commitment to innovation and development. There is an emphasis on being on the cutting edge.The glue that holds the organization together is the emphasis on achievement and goal accomplishment. Aggressiveness and winning are common themes.D The glue that holds the organization together is formal rules and policies.Maintaining a smooth-running organization is important.Total5.Strategic Emphases NowNowThe Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument – Preferred1. Dominant CharacteristicsA The organization is a very personal place. It is like an extendedfamily. People seem to share a lot of themselves. B The organization is a very dynamic entrepreneurial place. People arewilling to stick their necks out and take risks. C The organization is very results oriented. A major concern is withgetting the job done. People are very competitive and achievement oriented.D The organization is a very controlled and structured place. Formalprocedures generally govern what people do.TotalPreferred6. Criteria of SuccessNowAThe organization defines success on the basis of the development of human resources, teamwork, employee commitment, and concern for people.B The organization defines success on the basis of having the most unique ornewest products. It is a product leader and innovator.CThe organization defines success on the basis of winning in the marketplace and outpacing the competition. Competitive market leadership is key.DThe organization defines success on the basis of efficiency. Dependable delivery, smooth scheduling and low-cost production are critical.TotalThe organization emphasizes human development. High trust, openness, and participation persist.The organization emphasizes acquiring new resources and creating new challenges. Trying new things and prospecting for opportunities are valued.The organization emphasizes competitive actions and achievement. Hitting stretch targets and winning in the marketplace are dominant.The organization emphasizes permanence and stability. Efficiency, control and smooth operations are important.TotalA BCD2. A B C D3. A B C D4. A BC D5. A Organizational LeadershipThe leadership in the organization is generally considered to exemplifymentoring, facilitating, or nurturing.The leadership in the organization is generally considered to exemplify entrepreneurship, innovating, or risk taking.The leadership in the organization is generally considered to exemplifya no-nonsense, aggressive, results-oriented focus.The leadership in the organization is generally considered to exemplifycoordinating, organizing, or smooth-running efficiency.TotalManagement of EmployeesThe management style in the organization is characterized byteamwork, consensus, and participation.The management style in the organization is characterized byindividual risk-taking, innovation, freedom, and uniqueness.The management style in the organization is characterized byhard-driving competitiveness, high demands, and achievement.The management style in the organization is characterized by securityof employment, conformity, predictability, and stability inrelationships.TotalOrganization GlueThe glue that holds the organization together is loyalty and mutualtrust. Commitment to this organization runs high.The glue that holds the organization together is commitment toinnovation and development. There is an emphasis on being on thecutting edge.The glue that holds the organization together is the emphasis onachievement and goal accomplishment. Aggressiveness and winningare common themes.The glue that holds the organization together is formal rules andpolicies. Maintaining a smooth-running organization is important.TotalStrategic EmphasesThe organization emphasizes human development. High trust,openness, and participation persist.PreferredPreferredPreferredPreferredAn Example of How Culture Ratings Might AppearScoring:Scoring the OCAI is very easy. It requires simple arithmetic calculations. The first step is to add together all A responses in the Now column and divide by six. That is, computeNOWPREFERREDA 55 A 35B 20 B 30C 20 C 25 D5D10 Total100Total100The organization emphasizes acquiring new resources and creating new challenges. Trying new things and prospecting for opportunities are valued.The organization emphasizes competitive actions and achievement. Hitting stretch targets and winning in the marketplace are dominant.The organization emphasizes permanence and stability. Efficiency, control and smooth operations are important. TotalCriteria of SuccessThe organization defines success on the basis of the development of human resources, teamwork, employee commitment, and concern for people.The organization defines success on the basis of having the most unique or newest products. It is a product leader and innovator. The organization defines success on the basis of winning in the marketplace and outpacing the competition. Competitive market leadership is key.The organization defines success on the basis of efficiency. Dependable delivery, smooth scheduling and low-cost production are critical. TotalBCD6.ABCDPreferredan average score for the A alternatives in the Now column. You may use the worksheet on the next page to arrive at these averages. Do this for all of the questions, A, B, C, and D. Once you have done this, transfer your answers to this page in the boxes provided below.Fill in your answers here from the previous pagePREFERREDA BCDTotalNOWA BCDTotalA Worksheet for Scoring the OCAINOW Scores1A 1B2A 2B3A 3B4A 4B5A 5B6A 6BSum (total of A responses) Sum (total of B responses) Average(sum divided by6)Average(sum divided by6)1C 1D2C 2D3C 3D4C 4D5C 5D6C 6DSum (total of C responses) Sum (total of D responses) Average(sum divided by6)Average(sum divided by6)PREFERRED Scores1A 1B2A 2B3A 3B4A 4B5A 5B6A 6BSum (total of A responses) Sum (total of B responses) Average(sum divided by6)Average(sum divided by6)1C 2C 3C 4C 5C 1D 2D 3D 4D 5D6CSum (total of C responses) Average(sum divided by6)6DSum (total of D responses) Average(sum divided by6)组织文化量表(OCAI)的填写指导书组织文化量表的目的是评估企业文化的六个主要方面对企业产生的影响。

(完整word版)OCAI企业文化量表

(完整word版)OCAI企业文化量表

OCAI企业文化量表组织文化评价量表(Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument,简称OCAI)1. 企业层面上的研究1.1 原理大多数企业层面上的研究关注的是企业文化和企业有效性之间的关系。

研究者们构建测量问卷中,主要是为了深入探究企业文化如何影响企业的有效性。

在众多的测量问卷中,较有影响力的有Denison构建的组织文化问卷(Organizational Culture Questionnaire,简称OCQ)、Quinn和Cameron 构建的组织文化评价量表(Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument,简称OCAI)。

本文主要介绍OCAI问卷。

美国密西根大学商学院的Quinn教授和西保留地大学商学院的Cameron教授在竞争价值观框架的基础上构建了OCAI量表。

OCAI根据六方面的判据来评价企业文化:主导特征、领导风格、员工管理、企业凝聚、战略重点和成功准则。

问卷共有24个测量条目,每个判据下有四个陈述句,分别对应着四种类型的企业文化.对于某一特定企业来说,它在某一时点上的企业文化是四种类型文化的混合体,通过OCAI测量后形成一个剖面图,可以直观地用一四边形表示。

1.2 应用OCAI的突出优点在于为企业管理实务者提供了一个直观、便捷的测量工具,而且在企业文化变革方面有较大的实用价值,可以按照下面的OCAI问卷和指导语来测量企业的文化。

首先根据企业的现状,按照和每种判据下四种情况的符合程度,将100分分配给这四种情况。

依此类推,先回答完所有描述现状的测量条目;然后回到问卷的开始,思考这样的问题:如果你的企业在今后五到十年内要达到成功,你觉得企业文化“应该”怎么样?请在“偏好”列下面,按照“应该"的企业文化和每种判据下四种情况的符合程度,将100分分配给这四种情况(例如:20—50—20- (10),并回答完所有描述偏好的测量条目。

METHODOLOGY0005_企业文化定量分析模型-OCAI

METHODOLOGY0005_企业文化定量分析模型-OCAI
集团下不同企业的文化分析员工成长团队和谐竞争意识绩效目标团队意识参与管理竞争高要求高质量注重结果成就竞争效率标准化计划完成目标创造挑战尝试新方法持久稳定强调效率控制革新发展部门协调忠诚信任责任目标成果创优关系稳定行动一致实用主义者注重绩效企业家创新推动者分公司a典型的规范控制型灵活创新型目标绩效型层级规范型团队支持型家庭个性化同甘苦导师指导员工成长员工发展信任开放活力事业心挑战自信创新独创性技术服务的领导者创新者正式的规定保持平稳协调者组织者岗位明确按规章制度氛围领导管理凝聚战略成功现状未来现状
100 将来
F2:高层领导班子
A. 是企业家,创新推动者
A. 是实际主义者,重视绩效结果 A. 是协调者、组织者和工作效率改善者 100 100
- 3-
正式题目
现在 F3:管理特征 A.重视团队意识、倡导参与管理 A.充满自由、创新和独特性 A.竞争、高要求、高质量,重成果 A.寻求员工关系的稳定性、行为的一致性和可预见性 将来
注重结果、成就、竞争 岗位明确、按规章制度 实用主义者、注重绩效 协调者、组织者 竞争、高要求、高质量 关系稳定、行动一致 正式的规定、保持平稳 持久稳定、强调效率、 控制 效率、标准化、计划
革新、发展、部门协调 目标、成果、创优
员工发展、信任、开放 创造挑战、尝试新方法 竞争意识、绩效目标 员工成长、团队和谐 技术、服务的领导者、 创新者 完成目标
A.成功是以企业效率为基础,关键是标准化管理、顺畅的计划和低成本运营。
100
- 5-
100
结果分析
根据组织关注的工作内容不同,可将组织文化划分为内部取向型文化和外部取 向型文化两种类型。
灵活自主
内部整合
内 部 取 向 型 文 化

库克和拉夫蒂的组织文化量表(oci)

库克和拉夫蒂的组织文化量表(oci)

库克和拉夫蒂的组织文化量表(oci)是一个用于评估组织文化的工具。

它旨在帮助组织了解其内部文化的特点,以及这些特点如何影响员工的行为、满意度和绩效。

OCI基于组织文化的四个核心维度:创新、关注细节、结果导向和人们导向。

每个维度都包含一系列相关的陈述,员工需要根据自己的感受和观察来评估这些陈述的适用性。

OCI的主要特点包括:
1.全面性:OCI涵盖了组织文化的多个方面,包括价值观、信仰、
行为规范和期望等。

这使得组织能够全面了解其内部文化的各
个方面。

2.可靠性:OCI经过多次验证和研究,证明其具有良好的信度和
效度。

这意味着评估结果相对准确可靠,可以为组织提供有价
值的参考信息。

3.灵活性:OCI适用于不同规模、类型和行业的组织。

组织可以
根据自己的需求调整量表的结构和内容,以更好地适应其特定
的文化环境。

4.实用性:OCI的结果可以帮助组织识别其文化中的优势和劣势,
为改进组织文化提供指导。

此外,它还可以用于评估组织变革
的效果,以确保变革与文化保持一致。

总的来说,库克和拉夫蒂的组织文化量表(OCI)是一个实用的工具,可以帮助组织了解其内部文化的特点,为改进和发展组织文化提供有价值的参考信息。

(最新整理)OCAI企业文化量表

(最新整理)OCAI企业文化量表

OCAI 企业文化量表
Instructions for completing the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI)
The purpose of the OCAI is to assess six key dimensions of
organization that can be affected by the change strategy yts of six questions. Each question has four
alternatives。 Divide 100 points among these four alternatives depending
OCAI 企业文化量表
OCAI 企业文化量表
编辑整理:
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Because the
instrument is most helpful for determining ways to change the culture,
you’ll want to focus on the cultural unit that is the target for
change. Therefore, as you answer the questions, keep in mind the
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Instructions for completing the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI)
The purpose of the OCAI is to assess six key dimensions of organizational culture. In completing the instrument, you will be providing a picture of how your organization operates and the values that characterize it. No right or wrong answers exist for these questions just as there is not right or wrong culture. Every organization will most likely produce a different set of responses. Therefore, be as accurate as you can in responding to the questions so that your resulting cultural diagnosis will be as precise as possible.
You are asked to rate your organization in the questions. To determine which organization to rate, you will want to consider the organization that is managed by your boss, the strategic business unit to which you belong, or the organizational unit in which you are a member that has clearly identifiable boundaries. Because the instrument is most helpful for determining ways to change the culture, you’l l want to focus on the cultural unit that is the target for change. Therefore, as you answer the questions, keep in mind the organization that can be affected by the change strategy you develop.
The OCAI consists of six questions. Each question has four alternatives. Divide 100 points among these four alternatives depending on the extent to which each alternative is similar to your own organization. Give a higher number of points to the alternative that is most similar to your organization. For example, in question one, if you think alternative A is very similar to your organization, alternative B and C are somewhat similar, and alternative D is hardly similar at all, you might give 55 points to A, 20 points to B and C, and five points to D. Just be sure your total equals 100 points for each question.
Note, that the first pass through the six questions is labeled “Now”. This refers to the culture, as it exists today. After you complete the “Now”, you will find the questions repeated under a heading o f “Preferred”. Your answers to these questions should be based on how you would like the organization to look five years from now.
The Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument – Current
The Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument – Preferred
An Example of How Culture Ratings Might Appear
Scoring the OCAI is very easy. It requires simple arithmetic calculations. The first step is to add together all A responses in the Now column and divide by six. That is, compute an average score for the A alternatives in the Now column. You may use the worksheet on the next page to arrive at these averages. Do this for all of the questions, A, B, C, and D. Once you have done this, transfer your answers to this page in the boxes provided below.
A Worksheet for Scoring the OCAI
NOW Scores
PREFERRED Scores
组织文化量表(OCAI)的填写指导书组织文化量表的目的是评估企业文化的六个主要方面对企业产生的影响。

通过对您所填写的量表进行整体分析,测出企业运作情况,以及它的价值特点。

这些选项没有正确或错误之分,因为企业文化本身就是丰富多彩的,不同的选项只是代表不同的企业文化类型。

因此,在填写问卷时,要尽可能准确,只有这样,我们总结出来的企业文化才真实有效。

您需要做的是根据问卷上的问题,对企业进行评估。

您要考虑到,管理企业的是公司的老板,员工只是其中某一个部分,也就是说,您应该清楚,您自己在企业中属于哪个部门,这个部门有什么职责。

这个指导书是用来确定哪些因素影响了企业文化,所以希望您把重点放在改变企业文化的那些因素上。

因此,当您填写这份问卷时,应当记住企业文化也许会受到员工自身观念的影响。

该表包括6个问题。

每个问题有四个选项。

每一个选项都要打分,如果选项比较符合您的公司,那么就打一个比较高的分数。

注意,四个选项都要打分,而且分数相加为100分。

例如,在问题一,如果您认为选项A与您的企业非常相似,B和C项跟您的企业有点相似,D项跟您的企业不相似。

您就给A项打50分,B和C少打一些分,比如B项20分,C项20分,D项再少打一些分数10分。

注意:A、B、C、D相加总分必须为100分,而且四个选项的分数尽量要有差别(避免四个分数差不多的情况)。

注意,前六个问题是描述现在的情况。

后面几个问题是您希望企业在今后5年发展成为什么样的情况。

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