宾语从句的七大难点
语法重难点突破宾语从句的陈述语序

语法重难点突破宾语从句的陈述语序宾语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它在句子中充当宾语的角色。
宾语从句的陈述语序是一个让很多学习者困惑的问题。
在本文中,我们将探讨如何突破宾语从句的陈述语序,在写作和口语中更加自如地运用宾语从句。
一、语序基本规则回顾在陈述语序中,主语通常位于句首,谓语动词紧随其后,其他成分依次排列。
然而,当我们使用宾语从句作为句子的宾语时,我们需要遵循特定的语序规则。
二、宾语从句的基本结构宾语从句通常由一个引导词引导,例如that, if, whether等,在句子中充当宾语的角色。
下面是一个示例:He said (that) he would come to the party.在这个例子中,宾语从句"(that) he would come to the party"由引导词"that"引导。
注意,在口语中我们通常省略这个引导词。
三、宾语从句的陈述语序宾语从句的陈述语序要注意以下几点:1. 主句的谓语动词根据宾语从句的时态和语态来选择。
例如,在主句中使用过去时态的动词,宾语从句通常使用相应的过去时态。
2. 如果宾语从句的主语与主句的主语一致,通常可以省略宾语从句的主语,直接使用谓语动词。
例子:He told me (that) he was going on vacation.在这个例子中,宾语从句的主语"he"已经在主句的主语"He"中提到,因此可以省略。
3. 在陈述句中,宾语从句的语序与陈述句的语序一致。
例如:She asked me (if/whether) I had finished my homework.在这个例子中,宾语从句的语序"if/whether I had finished my homework"与主句的陈述语序保持一致。
四、疑问词引导的宾语从句当使用疑问词引导宾语从句时,我们需要注意以下几点:1. 疑问词引导的宾语从句通常回答特定的问题。
使用宾语从句应注意的问题

There being a bus stop near my house is a great advantage.我家旁边有个公共汽车站,很是方便。
It is impossible for there to be any more.
She said she had left her umbrella in the classroom.
The teacher told us that the Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world.
4.宾语从句否定意义的转移。
在think, believe, suppose等动词所跟的宾语中,如果从句谓语是否定的,一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去,而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。如:
There is no harm in trying.
不妨一试。
There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring.
去年春天,山中有极美的野花。
There will be a fine day tomorrow.
明天将是一个晴天。
There have been several private schools in our area this year.
邮筒里有很多信件,是吗?
There will be a new hospital nearby, won't there?
附近要建一家新医院,是吗?
四、There be结构的非谓语动词形式
There be结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be和there being两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。
宾语从句的七大难点

宾语从句系在复合句中位于及物动词、介词、复合谓语之后充当宾语的从句。
宾语从句是中学英语试题命题的基本考点,也是中学英语学习的难点之一。
学习宾语从句的过程中就必然遇到最常见的六大要点。
一.陈述语序宾语从句中的语序必须是陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语”,而且不可缺一。
这也就是说,从句的连系动词、助动词、情态动词、谓语动词只能位于从句的主语之后,而不能位于从句的主语之前;否者,就会引起从句语序的混乱。
例如:He asked me ________ during the summer holidays.had gone where (B).where I had been had I gone had I been析:A、C、D项均违反了宾语从句的陈述语序的原则,惟有B项正确。
二.主从句动词时态基点的一致性根据动词时态一致性原则,主句与从句的动词时态的基点应保持一致,或都以现在为基点,或都以过去为基点。
具体要注意以下三点:1.在包含宾语从句的复合句中,若主句的动词用一般现在时,起从句的谓语须根据需要选用各种时态,但原则上不用过去时态。
例如:Mary is very deligent.Tom says that Mary is reading her English newspaper now.Mary will give us a talk on English names.Mary has been caught in the heavy rain and was sent to hospital yesterday.2.在包含宾语从句的复合句中,若主句的动词用过去时,则从句的谓语动词也常用过去时态,如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等。
例如:Mother told me that she would show me around her company the next Saturday.2.在包含宾语从句的复合句中,若从句的内容为客观事实、格言、谚语、常识等时,从句的谓语动词的时态不受主从句动词时态一致性原则的限制,即仍然使用一般现在时;若从句的内容为历史事实时,仍然使用一般过去时。
中考英语 宾语从句难点汇总

外研版英语中考英语宾语从句难点汇总一、初中英语宾语从句1.—I don’t know ________ he left in a hurry without any words this morning.—Maybe he left the copy at home, for I heard the boss shouting.A.how B.where C.when D.why【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意:--我不知道他今天早上为何一句话不说就匆匆忙忙走了。
--可能是把复印件丢在家里了,因为我听到老板训斥了。
考查连接副词。
A. how怎样;B. where哪儿;C. when什么时候;D. why为什么。
根据后文for I heard the boss shouting因为听到老板的训斥,可知是表原因。
故选D。
2.—I’m sorry about yesterday.—Don’t worry about it. It’s never just one person’s fault. We should think about______better next time.A.how can we do it B.how we can do itC.how can they do it D.how they can do it【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意:——昨天我很抱歉。
——不用担心。
它永远不只是一个人的错。
我们应该考虑下一次如何做得更好。
考查宾语从句。
宾语从句需用陈述句语序,AC都是疑问句语序,可排除。
It’s never just one person’s fault. 不只是一个人的错,意思是“我们大家都有责任”;根据句意语境,可知they不合句意,故选B。
3.— Could you tell me ________? I must find him.— Sorry. I have no idea. But he was here just now.A.where Tom was B.where Tom has goneC.where can I find Tom D.where Tom has been【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意:——你能告诉我汤姆去哪儿了吗?我必须找到他。
宾语从句&表语从句的难点

3.语序 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序: 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序: 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分 连接词+主语+谓语+
• When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library . His brother asks when will he go to the library . • What does he want to buy ? I don’t know what he wants to buy . I don’t know what does he want to buy .
2. 时态 1) 如果主句是现在的时态 包括一般现在时, 如果主句是现在的时态(包括一般现在时 包括一般现在时, 现在进行时, 现在完成时)从句的时态可根 现在进行时 现在完成时 从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定(包括一般现在时 包括一般现在时,一般过 据实际情况而定 包括一般现在时 一般过 去时,一般将来时 现在完成时等)。 一般将来时,现在完成时等 去时 一般将来时 现在完成时等 。 I know he lives here. I know he lived here ten years ago. I have heard that he will come tomorrow.
2) 如果主句的谓语动词是 时, 连词不可能 如果主句的谓语动词是ask时 如果主句的谓语动词是say时 是that; 如果主句的谓语动词是 时, 连词用that。 连词用 。 She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. He said (that) he was going to take care of the child. He asks if I like playing the piano. You may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus station.
初中宾语从句教学重点和难点

宾语从句教学重难点宾语从句是初中英语教学的重点和难点,全面掌握其用法十分必要。
我认为学好宾语从句应从以下几方面着手。
一、了解概念宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。
整句结构是以主句开始,有主语和谓语。
谓语动词是及物电池、动词,需要宾语来完成句子的,而此处的宾语是一个从句,这就是宾语从句。
结构是:主+谓+引导词+主+谓。
二、了解应掌握的三种宾语从句主句+引导词(that)+宾语从句,其中的that在口语或非正式文体中可省略。
如:That said (that)it was cold in Moscow.2 特殊问句主句+连接代词或连接副词+宾语从句。
如:Do you know where we will stay on the island ?3 一般问句主句+wether或if+宾语从句。
如:Could you tell me wether that is a pen or not ?三、应特别注意的事项1 从句的语序无论是连接代词还是连接副词引导的宾语从句,其从句应用陈述语序。
如:He couldn’t remember where he had put his book.2 时态呼应当主句为一般现在时,从句的时态根据实际情况,可用任何时态。
如:She says (that)she will be back in a month.当主句为过去时,从句根据实际情况可用与过去时相应的时态、即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时。
如:She told us (that)she was born in Jane,1990.但如果从句所述的是客观真理时,从句时态无需改变,仍用一般现在时。
如: The teacher said (that)the earth turns around the su n.【考点扫描】中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择;2. 宾语从句的语序;3. 宾语从句的时态。
复习内容:宾语从句考点归纳

复习内容:宾语从句考点归纳1.掌握引导宾语从句的各种引导词2.掌握宾语从句的语序──主句+引导词+主语+谓语3.掌握宾语从句,主句与从句在时态上的呼应。
重点:语序和时态呼应难点:语序和时态呼应;与疑问词+不定式的转化;与状语从句的辨析考点梳理:宾语从句的构成:主句+引导词+从句主语+谓语(vt.)+引导词+主语+谓语+其他一、宾语从句的引导词:that (陈述句) (在口语中常被省略)if/whether(一般疑问句)who/w hen…(特殊疑问句)一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:①在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.②在介词前:It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.③与or not连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not.二、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即:主句+引导词+主语+谓语+其它成分。
特别强调:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构。
三、宾语从句的时态呼应(主句)现在时(从句)任何时态(主句)过去时(从句)相应的过去时态(客观真理除外)【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。
eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.四.其他需要说明的问题1.标点由主句决定,如主句是陈述句、祈使句,则用句号;是疑问句则用问号。
eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?2.要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。
初中英语语法之宾语从句(简单易懂却能掌握所有重难点和考点)

宾语从句复习(关键词:位置;引导词;语序;时态)1.明确宾语从句的位置宾语从句可以出现在及物动词的后面,双宾语结构中,介词或者副词的后面和形容词的后面I know she is a student.(常考:know; say)I tell him what her job is.(常考:tell; ask)Can you think of where he has gone.(常考:以介词或副词结尾的动词短语都可能出现)I'm happy you have found her. (常考:be afraid; be sorry; be + adj.+宾从)2.明确用哪个引导词3.明确宾从的语序(关键词:陈述语序)从句要用陈述句的语序, 也就是“主语+谓语”的语序.(主语前不能有be\助\情)Could you tell me where the restroom is?引导词主语谓语I don’t know who she is .引导词主语谓语Do you know when the football match will start?引导词主语谓语Can you tell me why you are late?引导词主语谓语4.明确宾从时态(关键词:主现从不限; 主过从也过;客观事实永远现)(1) 主现从不限(主句为一般现在时从句的时态不受限制)Do you know when the football match will start?(2) 主过从也过(若主句的时态是一般过去时态,则从句要用相应的过去时态)I know that she is a good singer.I knew that she was a good singer. 一般现在时——一般过去时I know that the football match will start next Sunday .I knew that the football match would start the next Sunday .一般将来时——过去将来时I hear that she has been to the Great Wall .I head that she had been to the Great Wall . 现在完成时——过去完成时其他变化如下一般过去时——过去完成时现在进行时——过去进行时现在完成进行时----过去完成进行时过去完成时——不变(3) 客观事实永远现(当从句表达的意思是定理,法则,永恒真理时,则不受主句时态影响)5.学业水平如何考“宾语从句”1. Would you please tell me I can get to the station? (考引导词)A. whereB. howC. whichD. what2. Could you tell me she is waiting for? (考引导词)A. whoseB. whomC. thatD. when3 Could you tell me ?(考语序)A. what your mother doB. what does your mother doC. your mother doesD. what your mother does4 They said the singer and actor to our school the next day .(考时态)A. will comeB. would comeC. has comeD. came5. Nobody knows .(考语序+时态)A. how our future look likeB. what will our future be likeC.how our future will look likeD.what our future will be like还课练习1. Do you know _______ during the coming summer holiday?A. what will Tom doB. what did Tom doC. what Tom will doD. what Tom did2. I want to know_________.A. what is his nameB. what’s his nameC. that his name isD. what his name is3. Do you know ________ I could pass the exam?A. thatB. whetherC. whatD. which4. Jim doesn’t understand ____________.A. which is the way to the museumB. why his wife always goes shoppingC. what is the way to the museumD. why does she always go shopping5. ---Could you tell me ______ she is looking for?A. thatB. whoseC. whoD. which6. Mr. King didn’t know _______ yesterday evening.A. when does his son come homeB. when his son comes homeC. when did his son come homeD. when his son came home7. Could you tell me _______ the bike this morning?A. how does he mendB. how he mendsC. how he mendedD. how did he mend8. ---I’m waiting for the mail. Do you know ________ it will arrive?---Usually it comes by 4: 00.A. howB. whereC. whenD. what9. ---Excuse me, would you please tell me ________?---Certainly. Go straight along here. It’s next to a hospital.A. how we can get to the post officeB. how can we get to the post officeC. how get to the post officeD. how could we get to the post office10. ---Can I help you?---Yes. I’d like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me ______ take to get there?A. how soon will itB. how soon it willC. how long it willD. how long will it11. 李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。
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宾语从句系在复合句中位于及物动词、介词、复合谓语之后充当宾语的从句。
宾语从句是中学英语试题命题的基本考点,也是中学英语学习的难点之一。
学习宾语从句的过程中就必然遇到最常见的六大要点。
一.陈述语序
宾语从句中的语序必须是陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语”,而且不可缺一。
这也就是说,从句的连系动词、助动词、情态动词、谓语动词只能位于从句的主语之后,而不能位于从句的主语之前;否者,就会引起从句语序的混乱。
例如:
He asked me ________ during the summer holidays.
A.I had gone where (B).where I had been C.where had I gone D.where had I been
析:A、C、D项均违反了宾语从句的陈述语序的原则,惟有B项正确。
二.主从句动词时态基点的一致性
根据动词时态一致性原则,主句与从句的动词时态的基点应保持一致,或都以现在为基点,或都以过去为基点。
具体要注意以下三点:
1.在包含宾语从句的复合句中,若主句的动词用一般
现在时,起从句的谓语须根据需要选用各种时态,但原则上不用过去时态。
例如:
Mary is very deligent.
Tom says that Mary is reading her English newspaper now.
Mary will give us a talk on English names.
Mary has been caught in the heavy rain and was sent to hospital yesterday.
2.在包含宾语从句的复合句中,若主句的动词用过去时,则从句的谓语动词也常用过去时态,如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等。
例如:Mother told me that she would show me around her company the next Saturday.
2.在包含宾语从句的复合句中,若从句的内容为客观事实、格言、谚语、常识等时,从句的谓语动词的时态不受主从句动词时态一致性原则的限制,即仍然使用一般现在时;若从句的内容为历史事实时,仍然使用一般过去时。
例如:
(1).Our physics teacher once told us that light travels faster than sound.
(2).Our history teacher told us that George
Washington was the first president of the USA.
三.连接词的选择
1.主句谓语是be sure,decide,think,conclude,know 等表示肯定意义时,从句一般情况经常是陈述句,宜用that 引导从句。
例如:
I believe that our women’s volleyball team will win the champinship in the coming Olympic Games.
2.主句是doubt,wonder,be not sure,ask等表示否定或疑问的动词时,从句一般情况属于一般疑问句或特殊疑问句。
(1).若从句句子结构完整,连接代词表示“是否”的意思,那么从句就是一般疑问句,宜用if或者whether 来连接主从句。
如果,从句后有“…or not”等选择意义,就常用whether来连接。
例如:
I am not sure whether it will rain or not tomorrow.
(2).若从句的句子结构不完整,那么从句多为特殊疑问句,须用相应的连接代词或连接副词来引导主从句。
例如:
We don’t know who will become the new headmaster of our school next term..
析:该宾语从句中缺少指人的主语,故用that引导
从句。
(3).主句信息词为表示“否定”或“疑问”意义的动词,且该动词前已被否定时,那么,该主句之后的宾语从句常为陈述句,宜用that 引导主句和从句。
例如:
1).I no longer doubt that the clever boy can pass the entrance tests.
2).We don’t wonder that China will enter WTO sooner or later.
四.疑问词前置现象
当主句的结构为一般疑问句时,而且从句的结构为特殊疑问句时,习惯性地把从句的疑问词前插到主句的句首,这种现象就叫做“疑问词前置现象”。
这种现象很容易引起同学们的错误判断,导致解题时的误解。
例如:
(1).What do you know has happened to Mike?
(2).Who do you think is the best student in your class?
五.否定转移现象
当主句的主语为第一人称,且主句的及物动词为表示感知的think,believe,expect,suppose等时,常把对从句的否定放在主句中,其反义疑问句的后部
须与从句的主语和谓语时态保持一致,且后部的动词只能用肯定形式;若主句的主语是第二或第三人称,那么否定转移就不成立,其反义疑问句的后部须与主句的主语和谓语动词的时态形式保持一致。
例如:(1).I don’t think you can pass the driving test, can you?
(2).I think you can pass the driving test,can’t you?
(3).They don’t believe that it is true,do they?
六.引导宾语从句和状语从句的比较
when既可以引导宾语从句又可以引导时间状语
从句;if既可以引导宾语从句又可以引导条件状语从
句;whoever既可引导宾语从句,也可引导让步状语从
句。
当它们引导状语从句时,从句的谓语动词时态不
能用将来时态或进行时态,且从句的位置较灵活;而
当它们引导宾语从句时只要遵循主从句时态一致性
原则就行了,可以使用包括将来时态、进行时态在内
的各种时态形式,但只能位于主句的及物动词、复合
谓语或介词之后。
试比较:
(1).I don’t know when he will come here.When he
comes, I will first let you know it first.
(2).We don’t know if he will come here tomorrow.
If he comes tomorrow, we’ll telephone you. (3).I will lend my dictionary to whoever needs it. But whoever breaks it will have to repay it.析:前一从句俱为宾语从句,从句中的时态比较灵活;后一从句俱为时间、条件和让步状语从句,这些从句的谓语动词不能用将来时态,而只能用一般现在时或现在完成时表示现在将要发生的动作或存在的状态,或用一般过去时表示当时将要发生的动作或状态。
笔者认为,学习宾语从句的关键在于:把握其基本特点,分清类型,实现各个击破,达到学好宾语从句的根本目的。
我祝愿本文能对同学们关于宾语从句的学习起到“抛砖引玉”的作用!。