宾语从句 与 直接引语转间接引语
宾语从句(直接引语变间接引语)的讲解与练习
宾语从句（直接引语变间接引语）的讲解与练习各种句型的直接引语改成间接引语时的相应变化：一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.3．There will be a meeting in five d ays. Jack didn’t know.Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.4．Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.5．Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.6 What's his name? I asked him.I asked him what _____ _____ _____.二、选择填空。
( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said ____________________.A. if you are free the next weekB. what colour was itC. the weather is fineD. summer comes after spring( ) 2.Peter knew _______________.A. whether he has finished reading the bookB. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a yearD. when they will leave for Paris( )3. Could you tell me ___________?A. where do you liveB. who you are waiting forC. who were you waiting forD. where you live in( )4. I can't understand ______the boy alone.A. why she leftB. why did she leaveC. why she had leftD. why had she left( )5 The manager came up to see __________.A. what was the matterB. what the matter wasC. what the matter isD. what's the matter( )6. He asked his father _______.A. where it happensB. where did it happenC. how it happenedD. how did it happen( )7. No one tells us______, so we need your help.A. how we should doB. what should we doC. how to do itD. what to do it( )8. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.A. how checkB. to checkC. how to checkD. to how checking三、用合适的连接词填空。
直接引语变间接引语 宾语从句再也不难了
直接引语变间接引语/宾语从句再也不难了——直接引语变间接引语/宾语从句的方法江西省万安县百嘉中学肖亚我从事英语教学工作十多年了,屡屡发现学生很难尽快且牢固掌握直接引语变间接引语/宾语从句的方法, 很难尽快做对直接引语变间接引语/宾语从句的题目。
我经过深思熟虑,系统总结,高度概括,编写了直接引语变间接引语/宾语从句口诀,极大地减轻了学生掌握直接引语变间接引语/宾语从句的难度,同时,也减轻了教师教授直接引语变间接引语/宾语从句的负担。
我编写的直接引语变间接引语/宾语从句口诀如下:直变间，有规律，我们把它牢牢记。
直接引语义彰显，间接引语即宾从。
陈述句，that引。
其义不见可省去。
一般问句if引,有时whether把它顶。
特殊问句特词引，三者全用陈语序。
主过从过要记牢，除非名言或真理。
主句若是现在时，从句时态保不变。
say改tell/ask，宾格代词其后躲。
遇见祈使不慌张，短语兄弟来帮忙〔tell/ask sb (not) to do sth〕。
当天转述时不变，当地转述地相同。
复合句末有标点，符号就由主句定。
变与不变据情定，切莫生般和硬套。
此口诀攘括了直接引语变间接引语/宾语从句的方方面面，包括概念、引导词、语序、时态、某些动词的变化、主宾格代词的转换、时间地点的变化、标点符号的确定等。
现在就此展开,详细阐述。
一．直变间，有规律，我们把它牢牢记。
直接引语变间接引语/宾语从句是有规律可循的，有章法的，我们必须牢牢记住,熟练掌握，才能运用自如。
二．直接引语义彰显，间接引语即宾从。
很显然，直接引语（Direct Speech）是指原封不动的直接引述别人所说的话(它必须放在引号内，有引号标明)；1. “I want the blue one.”he told us.2. She said to me, “You can’t settle anything now. ”3. He said,“These books are mine.”4. She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”间接引语（Reported Speech，又叫Indirect Speech）即将别人所说的话用自己的话加以转述(被转述的话应放在引导词后，而不能放在引号内)。
直接引语变间接引语的转换
直接引语变间接引语的转换：〔一〕如何变人称：口诀：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
“一随主〞是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。
从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
如：She said. “My brother wants to go with me. 〞→She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾〞是指直接引语变间接引语时，假设从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。
或被第二人称所修饰。
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的主句没有宾语。
也可以用第一人称。
如：He said to Kate.“How is your sister now?〞→ He asked Kate how her sister was then.“第三人称不更新〞是指直接引语变间接引语时。
如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
如：Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.〞→ Mr. Smith said Jack was a good work er.〔二〕时态的变化①如果引述动词为现在时态，间接引语的动词可以保持原来的时态。
He says, “I have been writing a novel.〞------- He says that he has been writing a novel.He says:"that's all right."----- He says that's all right.②如果引述动词为过去时态，间接引语中的时间就要往后推，即现在时间推至过去时间，过去时间推至过去的过去，将来时间推至过去将来时间。
具体变化见下表：She said:"I am a student."------- She said (that) she was a student.(一般现在时变成一般过去时)She said："He will go to see his friend"-----She said he would go to see his friend.(一般将来时变成过去将来时) Tom said:"I am going to play basketball tomorrow."The teacher said, “You are doing OK.〞老师说：“你们干得很不错。
初中英语宾语从句之直接引语和间接引语
直接引述别人讲过的话叫做直接引语，引述的话通常放在引号内。
人说过的话叫做间接引语，间接引语在多数情况下构成的是宾语从句。
直接引语和间接引语之间可进行转换。
转换时通常注意人称、句式、时态和状语间、地点）方面的变化。
say to通常改为tell（一）人称变化：直接引语变间接引语时，的改变。
Eg. Uncle Lee said,”I will visit you after work.”said that he would visit me after work.变的方式与宾语从句的种类相同。
1、直接引语是陈述句时转换成间接引语即宾语从句时用that替代词引导，Eg Tom said,”My father get home from the park at six o’clock.---->Tomthat his father got home from the park at six o’clock. ”2语从句相同）的语序，同时引导词视情况而定。
（1）直接引语是一般疑问句时，用whether/if 引导，同时注意原句的谓语动词是say时，改成ask。
因为一般疑问句没有明确的肯定或否定结果所以用ask询问。
“Have you seen her somewhere?”her somewhere.（2）直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语时，疑问词不变，用疑问词+陈述句结构。
“what are you doing?”,she shouted at me.---->She asked me what I was（3）直接引语是选择问句时，变成间接引语，可用ask或wonder出一个明确的结果，需要询问，所以用whether…or引导。
My father said,”Dolike apples or bananas?”apples or bananas.3、直接引语是祈使句转换成间接引语，要该写成一个to do的形式，即say to sb----eg （命令）tell sb to do sth tell sb not to do sth(请求not to do stheg “Don’t move,Tom”, my mother said .---.>My mother told me not to“Happy new year to you”,Mr Zhang said to me--->Mr Zhang wished me to be4、直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，+动名词（或从句）。
(完整版)英语语法如何把直接引语转换为间接引语
如何把直接引语转换为间接引语引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。
间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句。
直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
1. 直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词t．h．a．t．引导，很多时候可省略that 。
例如：She said, "I am very happy to help you."She said she was very happy to help me.She said, “I will go to Guangzhou tomorrow. ”She said that she would go to Guangzhou the next day/the following day.She said, “I have lived in Foshan for several years. ”She said that she had lived in Foshan for several years.She said, “ I am reading a book now. ”She said that she was reading a book at that time/moment.John said, “I am leaving for Paris on Wednesday ”John said that he was leaving for Paris on Wednesday.2. 直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词w．．h．e．th．e．r．或i．f．（是否）引导。
先把直接引语变为陈述句语序，再放在whether 或if 后面。
例如：He asked me, "Do you like playing football?"He asked me whether/if I liked playing football.He asked Mary, “Will you come to my birthday party?You will come to my birthday party.He asked Mary whether/if she would come to his birthday party.注意：大多数情况下，if 和whether 可以互换，但后有or not, 或在动词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether 。
宾语从句和直接引语变间接引语
been built in our country.
祈使句
直接引语是祈使句，则改为 tell/order/ask sb. (not) to do sth.
He said, “Please come here tomorrow.” He asked me to go there the next day.
She said to me , “ They want to help him”
She told me that they wanted help him
2) 时态的变化
He says, ‘‘ I will do it tomorrow” He says that he will do it tomorrow.
e.g. 我想他没时间玩足球。 I think that he doesn’t have time to play football.
I don’t think that he has time to play football.
3.反意疑问句：宾语从句的主句是主语+think (except, suppose, believe, imagine)时，附加疑问句部分要根据主句的主语而定： 当主语是第一人称时，要根据从句而定； 主语是第二、三人称时，与主句保持一致，并且要注意否定前移。
宾语从句
① 语序 三大要素 ② 连接词 ：从属连词，连接代词和
连接副词 ③ 时态
使用宾语从句要注意的3个问题：
1.形式宾语it：如宾语从句后有补语，要用形式宾语it来代替，而 将从句放到补语的后面去。
直接引语变间接引语的五种方法
Chaper5直接引语变间接引语学案班级________ 姓名________1. 直接引语为陈述句时如何变为间接引语方法是：将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后(that也可省略)：“I don’t love her.” he says. 他说：“我不爱她。
”→He says that he doesn’t love her. 他说他不爱她。
【注意】(1)若引述动词用的是say to sb，则通常改为tell sb：“It’s a secret.” he said to me. 他对我说：“这是秘密。
”→He told me that it was a secret. 他对我说那是秘密。
2. 直接引语为一般疑问句时如何变为间接引语方法是：将直接引语变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后：“Are you ill?” he asked. 他问：“你病了吗？”→He asked if [whether] I was ill. 他问我是否病了。
【注意】(1)改为宾语从句的间接引语要用陈述句词序。
(2)若直接引语引述动词为say，改成间接引语应将其改为ask等。
3. 直接引语为特殊疑问句时如何变为间接引语方法是：将直接引语变为由“疑问词”引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后：He asked, “When did she leave?” 他问：“她什么时候离开的？”→He asked when she had left. 他问她什么时候离开的。
【注意】(1)改为宾语从句的间接引语要用陈述句词序。
(2)若直接引语引述动词为say，改成间接引语应将其改为ask等。
4. 直接引语为祈使句时如何变为间接引语方法是：使用ask [tell, order] sb to do sth这一结构进行转换，若祈使句为否定式，则用ask [tell, order] sb not to do sth，其中ask, tell, order的选择视句子的语气而定：“Come early tomorrow, Jim.” he said. 他说：“吉姆，明天早点来。
直接引语变间接引语
参考答案
1. She said that she had seen a note on her desk.
2. Mother said that they would go to the park the next day.
“I can look after myself.” she said. 她说：“我能照顾自己。”
→She said that she could look after herself. 她说他能照顾自己。
若场所和地点不发生改变，this和that也可以不变。(from )
2. 时间状语的变化
直接引语变间接引语时，有些时间状语根据情况也要相应的改动：如将now改为then，将today 改为that day，将tonight改为that night，将yesterday改为the day before，将this month改为that month，将last week改为the week before，将three years ago改为three years before，将tomorrow改为the next day，将next year改为the next year，等等：
12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.
He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.
13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said.
He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise.
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宾语从句宾语从句在句中担当宾语的从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。
eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)1. 宾语从句的引导词(1) that，可以省略。
eg, The radio says (that) the clouds will lift later on. She told me (that) she would like to go with us.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。
I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better．(2) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how。
从句用陈述语序eg, Could you tell me what's the matter with you? I want to know how soon it will begin.(3) whether / if, 意思是“是否”，\从句同样用陈述语序eg, I wonder if /whether you have told the new to Li Lei .注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。
①. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用ifWe are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.②. 与not 连用时或表选择意时，只用whether.Could you tell me whether you go or not?③在不定式前用whether。
如：He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。
如：Whether this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。
2．宾语从句的时态(1) 当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时，从句可用所需要的任何时态。
eg, I want to know what time he got up this morning. You are telling me that you won't stop until tomorrow?(2) 当主句为一般过去时态时，从句要用于过去有关的时态。
eg,They asked what Jean was doing now .Linda said that the train had left.(3) 当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。
eg, Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound.Polly said no news is a good news3. 宾语从句的否定转移当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim, is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he?We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。
Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?练习题1. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me ________?A. where you buy itB. where do you buy itC. where you bought itD. where did you buy it2. —Excuse me .Could you tell me_____I can get to the Space Museum?--Of course.You can take bus No.1.A.whereB.howC.ifD.why3. —Do you know ________the new mobile phone last week?--Maybe 900 yuan. I’m not quite sure.A.how much she paid forB.how much will she pay forC.how much did she pay for4. Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And that’s ____ he succeeds .A.whatB.whenC.whyD.where5. Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie.It’s about ______.A.how did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror（恐怖统治）B.what did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terrorC.how Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terrorD.what Alice ended th e Red Queen’s reign of terror6. —Do you know ________the girl in red is ? --I’m not sure.Maybe a teacher.A.whenB.howC.whereD.what7. —What did your parents thank about your decision? --They always let me do_______I think I should.A.whenB.thatC.howD.what8. I want to know ________.A.when we should arrive at the airportB.when should we arrive at the airportC.when the airport we should arrive atD.when the airport should we arrive at9.--Would you please tell me __________? --At 10:00 this evening.A. when will the train leaveB. when the train will leaveC. when does the train leave10. —Could you tell me________? --Fill in this form and I will give you a card.A.how I can meet CathyB.where I can meet CathyC.when I can meet Cathy11. –Do you know ________ the man with sunglasses is? -I’m not sure. Maybe a reporter.A. whoB. whatC. whereD. how12. -Tommy, do you know if Frank ________ to the zoo this Sunday if it ________? -Sorry, I have no idea.A. will go; is fineB. goes; is fineC. will go; is going to be fineD. goes; will be fine13. No one can be sure_________ in a million years.A. what man looks likeB. what will man look likeC. what man looked likeD. what man will look like14. Sue told me that she _________ shopping with her sister the next day.A. will goB. would goC. goesD. has gone15. The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder _________.A. how much it costB. how much did it costC. how much it costsD. how much does it cost16. -When do you think _________? -About half past five. I will pick him up at the airport.A. he will comeB. will he comeC. did he comeD. he came17. Our teacher told us the sun ________ in the east.A. riseB. roseC. risingD. rises18. -Listen! It is still noisy in the head teacher’s office.-Go and see ________ they have finished correcting the papers yet.A. thoughB. whetherC. unlessD. while19. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China? -Sorry. I don’t know ________.A. when did he go abroadB. why he is going abroadC. how soon will he be backD. how long he will stay abroad20. –Do you know ________ the man with sunglasses is? -I’m not sure. Maybe a reporter.A. whoB. whatC. whereD. how21. He asked me ________ we could go to Beijing to watch the game by plane.A. thatB. ifC. howD. what22. -Excuse me. Could you tell me ________? -Yes. There is a video shop next to the tall building.A. where can I buy some CDsB. where I can buy some CDsC. when can I buy some CDsD. when I can buy some CDs23. I don’t know if my uncle ________. If he ________, I will be very happy.A. comes; will comeB. will come; will comeC. comes; comesD. will come; comes24. My physics teacher said that light ________ faster than sound.A. travelB. travelsC. traveled25. You are growing so fast. Can you tell me ________ now?A. how fast are youB. how fast you areC. how tall are youD. how tall you are26. -Excuse me, could you tell me ________? -Certainly. Go straight ahead and you’ll see it on your left.A. where the post office isB. when you will visit the museumC. where is the post officeD. when will you visit the museum27. I wanted to know ________, but no one would like to tell me.A. what did the old man sayB. what the old man needC. what did the old man wantD. what the old man meant28. -Excuse me. Could you tell me ________?-Yes. There is a video shop on River Road.A. where can I buy some CDsB. where I can buy some CDsC. when can I buy some CDsD. when I can buy some CDs29. -Do you think ________ a concert in our school hall this weekend? -Yes, there will.A. there will haveB. there will beC. will there beD. will there have30. -Could you please tell me ________? -It’s next to the hotel.A. where is the museumB. the museum is whereC. where the museum is31. -Do you know ________ for Shanghai last night? -At 9:00A. what time he leavesB. what time does he leaveC. what time he leftD. what time did he leave直接引语→间接引语直接引语: Lucy says, ―I am 12 years old and I come from America.‖间接引语: Lucy says that she is 12 years old and she comes from America.(1) 改人称人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。