宾语从句,直接引语和间接引语

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直接引语和间接引语的转换

直接引语和间接引语的转换

直接引语和间接引语直接引语:直接引述别人的话。

直接引语一般前后要加引号。

间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。

间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。

Eg: Mr.Black said, “i’m busy”. (直接引语)Eg: Mr. Black said that he was busy. (间接引语)1、陈述句:直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连接词“that”引导(that在口语当中常省略),引述动词通常是say, tell等。

主句中如果有say to sb., 通常变为tell sb.。

从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语要作相应的变化。

① He said to me, “I’ve left my book in your room.”→He told me that he had left his book in my room.②The foreigner said to me, “I like Beijing very much”.→The foreigner told me that he(she) liked Beijing very much.③She said,“We are very fond of sports”.→She said that they were very fond of sports.(1)人称代词的变化①当主句的主语是第一人称时,引语中的人称代词不变。

I said, “You did quite well in the exam yesterday”.→I said that you had done quite well in the exam the day before.我说你那天考得不错。

②直接引语中主语是第一人称时,在改为间接引语时,其人称与主句中的主语的人称一致。

He said to Tom, “I'll do my best to catch up with others”.→He told Tom that he would do his best to catch up with others.他告诉汤姆他将尽他所能赶上其他人。

英语直接引语和间接引语

英语直接引语和间接引语

标准文档实用文案直接引语和间接引语(Direct Speech and indirectSpeech) 1直接引语:直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语。

间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语。

间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。

直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号。

例如:Mr Black said, “I'm busy”布莱克先生说:“我很忙”(直接引语)Mr Black said that he was busy. 布莱克先生说他很忙。

(间接引语)1、直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略),从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。

在这一方面,汉语和英语有许多相似之处,因此,在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时,要特别注意句子的意义。

1)人称的变化a) He said, “I like it very much.”他说:“我非常喜欢它。

”标准文档实用文案 He said that he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。

b) He saidto me, “I've left my bookin your room.”他对我说:“我把书放在你的房间里了。

”He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告诉我他把书放在我的房间里了。

2)时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。

如主句的谓语动词是现在时,从句的时态则无需变化。

时态的变化例句直接引语间接引语一般现在时→一般过去时He said, “I'm afraid I can't finish this work.”He said that he was afraid he couldn't finish that work. 现在进行时标准文档实用文案→过去进行时He said, “I'm using theknife.”He said that he was using the knife.现在完成时→过去完成时She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”She said that she had not heard from him since May. 一般过去时→过去完成He said, “I came to help you.”He said that he had come to help me. 过去完成时不变He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”He said that he had finished his homework before supper.3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化:变化标准文档实用文案例句直接引语间接引语this-that 这个-那个She said, “Iwill come this morning.She said that she would go that morning. these-those 这些=那些He said, These books are mine. He said that those books were his. now-then 现在-那时He said, It is nine 0'clock now. He said that it was nine 0'clock then. today-that day 今天-那天He said, I haven't seen her today. He said that he hadn't seen her that day. yesterday-标准文档实用文案the day before 昨天-前一天she said, I went there yesterday.She said that she had gone there the day before. tomorrow- the next(following) day 明天-第二天she said, I'll go there tomorrow. She said that she would go there the next(following) day. here-there 这里-那里come-go 来-去注:(1)直接引语如果是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变。

直接引语和间接引语用法讲解_句子成分 英语语法.doc

直接引语和间接引语用法讲解_句子成分 英语语法.doc

直接引语和间接引语用法讲解_句子成分一、概述引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法:直接引述别人的原话,这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。

用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语(indirect speech)。

一般地讲,直接引语前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号,而用宾语从句来表达。

Mr. Black said, I’m busy.布菜克先生说:我很忙。

(直接引语)Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。

(宾语从句是间接引语)从上例看来,直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外,还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化,如上例直接引语中的I改成了he, am则改成了was。

现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下:二、直接引语是陈述句时直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that 在口语中常省去),that从句之前用say、tell等动词,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。

1、人称的变化直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化,把直接引语中的第一人称(如:I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。

把直接引语中的第二人称(you,your,yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人,如无听话人,可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。

直接引语中的第三人称(he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,their,theirs,them)变为间接引语时,人称不变。

He said , I like it very much. 他说:我非常喜欢它。

He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。

(I改为he, it 不变)He said, You told me this story.他说:你给我讲过这个故事。

直接引语和间接引语用法 (完整版)

直接引语和间接引语用法 (完整版)

直接引语和间接引语用法(完整版)一、概述引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法:直接引述别人的原话,这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。

用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语(indirect speech)。

一般地讲,直接引语前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号,而用宾语从句来表达。

Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”布菜克先生说:“我很忙”。

(直接引语)Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。

(宾语从句是间接引语)从上例看来,直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外,还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化,如上例直接引语中的I改成了he, am则改成了was。

现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下:二、直接引语是陈述句时直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省去),that从句之前用say、tell等动词,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。

1、人称的变化直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化。

口诀如下:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。

“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如:I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。

“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you,your,yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人,如无听话人,可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。

“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,their,theirs,them)变为间接引语时,人称不变。

一随主:①He said , “I like it very much.” 他说:“我非常喜欢它”。

→He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。

宾语从句,间接引语

宾语从句,间接引语

宾语从句宾语从句用法速记口诀:宾语从句须注意,几点事项应牢记。

一是关键引导词,不同句子词相异。

陈述句用that;一般疑问句是否(if, whether)替;特殊疑问句更好办,引导词还用疑问词。

二是词态常变化,主句不同从句异。

主句若为现在时,从句时态应看意;主句若为过去词,从句时态向前移。

三是语序要记清,从句永保陈述序。

(一)宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。

根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。

结构:主语+谓语+宾语(陈述句语序)【注意:1~引导词.that 2~语序v.+主+谓由if、whether引导宾语从句3~时态:A.主句---现在时从句---任一时态】1. 由that引导的宾语从句。

that只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。

例如:He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。

这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。

例如:Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I don’t know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。

if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。

例如:I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether①在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.②在介词前:It depends on(依靠)whether it is going to rain.③与or not连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not.语法点:由if或whether引导的宾语从句词汇:if, whether, ask, wonder, know, …句型:…asks/asked/wonders/wondered/wants to know/wanted to know if/whether…前后桌同学之间开展采访活动,然后同桌交流采访结果。

直接引语变间接引语“四注意”

直接引语变间接引语“四注意”

直接引语变间接引语“四注意”本单元是学习直接引语和间接引语,有些同学过分拘泥于那些规则,不敢变通,有时造成很大的失误。

所以建议同学们从语言实际运用的角度注意以下几个方面:(一).间接引语即为宾语从句。

间接引语是从直接引语转换来的,结构上就是宾语从句。

可从以下四种句型去掌握。

1.直接引语是陈述句时,间接引语是由连词that引导的宾语从句,that常可省略。

主句中的say to sb.常根据需要改为tell sb。

①He said, “I’m a doctor.”→He said(that)he was a doctor.②She said to me, “I’m studying English these days.”→She told me that she was studying English those days .2.直接引语是一般问句时,间接引语是由whether(if)引导的宾语从句。

主句的谓语动词多用ask。

③She asked, “Are you preparing for it ?”→She asked whether(if)we were preparing for it .如果问句是表示“建议”,可用动词suggest或advise加宾语从句或适当结构来完成。

④“Shall we meet at the theatre?”he said.→He suggested that we should meet at the theatre.→He suggested our meeting at the theatre.3.直接引语是特殊问句时,间接引语为原来连接代间(副词)引导的宾语从句。

⑤He asked,“Which one do you like best?”→He asked which one I liked best .4.直接引语为祈使句时,变成“ask /tell/order等动词+宾词+to不定式”。

直接引语;间接引语;宾语从句

直接引语;间接引语;宾语从句

3. The boy says,“ I will go home after school.”
The boy said ___ ______ go home after school. he would
4. Jack says, “My father is a doctor.”
Jack said ____ father was a doctor. ____ his 5. The girl says, “I can speak English.”
He said he was hardworking every day. 他说他每天都很 认真学习。
人称
直接引语变为间接引语
1.(Gina) I will call you on Sunday. Gina said she would call me on Sunday. 2.(Tony) I go camping every week. Tony said he went camping every week.
3.(Linda) I am upset at my report card.
Linda said she was upset at her report card. 4.(Tanya) I am learning to speak English. Tanya said she was learning to speak English. 5.(Kenji) I will go to Sam’s house Friday night.
直接引语;间接引语;宾语从句
December 6, 2010
什么是直接引语和间接引语?

直接引述别人的话,叫“直接引语”; 用自己的话转述别人的话叫“间接引语”; 直接引语一般前后要加引号; 间接引语不用引号。

初中英语宾语从句之直接引语和间接引语

初中英语宾语从句之直接引语和间接引语

直接引述别人讲过的话叫做直接引语,引述的话通常放在引号内。

人说过的话叫做间接引语,间接引语在多数情况下构成的是宾语从句。

直接引语和间接引语之间可进行转换。

转换时通常注意人称、句式、时态和状语间、地点)方面的变化。

say to通常改为tell(一)人称变化:直接引语变间接引语时,的改变。

Eg. Uncle Lee said,”I will visit you after work.”said that he would visit me after work.变的方式与宾语从句的种类相同。

1、直接引语是陈述句时转换成间接引语即宾语从句时用that替代词引导,Eg Tom said,”My father get home from the park at six o’clock.---->Tomthat his father got home from the park at six o’clock. ”2语从句相同)的语序,同时引导词视情况而定。

(1)直接引语是一般疑问句时,用whether/if 引导,同时注意原句的谓语动词是say时,改成ask。

因为一般疑问句没有明确的肯定或否定结果所以用ask询问。

“Have you seen her somewhere?”her somewhere.(2)直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语时,疑问词不变,用疑问词+陈述句结构。

“what are you doing?”,she shouted at me.---->She asked me what I was(3)直接引语是选择问句时,变成间接引语,可用ask或wonder出一个明确的结果,需要询问,所以用whether…or引导。

My father said,”Dolike apples or bananas?”apples or bananas.3、直接引语是祈使句转换成间接引语,要该写成一个to do的形式,即say to sb----eg (命令)tell sb to do sth tell sb not to do sth(请求not to do stheg “Don’t move,Tom”, my mother said .---.>My mother told me not to“Happy new year to you”,Mr Zhang said to me--->Mr Zhang wished me to be4、直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,+动名词(或从句)。

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宾语从句
1.宾语从句的概念:在复合句中,充当宾语的是个句子,或者说句子作宾语。

2.位置:动宾,介宾
3.句子结构:主句 +连词(引导词)+ 宾语从句
宾语从句的引导词:
一、当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句),连词由that引导,因为that在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。

例:1.Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better.
2.Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.
二、在主句为动词be加某些形容词,如sorry, sure, afraid, glad……作表语时(be+a.看作是一个动词词组),后面所跟从句也是宾语从句。

例:1.I’m sorry (that) I don’t know .
2.We’re sure (that) our team will win .
注:that 在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不能充当成分,在口语当中往往省略。

三、当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由连词whether或if引导(口语中常用if),if/whether 虽然不作成分,但是译为:“是否”,所以不能省略。

例:1.Lily wanted to know (if /whether) her grandma liked the handbag .
2.Let’s see (if /whether) we can find out some information about that city . 注:1.当句中有or 或者or not时,引导词只能用whether而不能用if.
2.在介词后面,引导词只能用whether而不能用if.
3.在动词不定式前,引导词只能用whether而不能用if.
四、当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,由连接代词(what, who, whom, which, whose)或连接副词(when, where, why,how, how many, how old, how long,……, )引导,每个连接词在从句中都担任一定的句子成分,意思各不相同,所以不可以省略。

例:1.Do you know what he said just now ?
2.I don’t remem ber when we arrived .
3.Please tell me who (whom) we have to see .
4. Do you know what time the plane leaves ?
五、带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句。

例:1.Could you tell us how long the meeting will last ?
2.I don’t know how far it is to the cinema .
宾语从句的时态
一、如果主句是现在或将来的某个时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。

二、如果主句是过去的某个时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去
时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时……)
例:1.I knew who lived here.
2.I saw she was talking with her mother.
三、当从句是客观真理,定义,公理,定理时用一般现在时。

例:The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun .宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序用陈述语序:连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
对比,加深印象:
1. When will he go to the library?
His brother asks when he will go to the library .(√)
His brother asks when will he go to the library . (×)
2. What does he want to buy ?
I don’t know what he wants to buy .(√)
I don’t know what does he want to buy .(×)
注意事项:1.could / would是委婉语气,而不是过去式,因此宾语从句的
时态根据实际情况用不同时态。

2. 如果主句的谓语动词是ask时,连词不可能是that;如果主句的谓语动词是say时,连词一定用that。

3. 如果从句中含有or或or not时,只能用whether而不用if 。

直接引语与间接引语
1.直接引语:直接引用别人的原话.直接引语的前后必须加引号。

2.间接引语:间接转述别人的话。

间接引语前后不加引号。

(间接引语构成宾语从句)
直接引语变间接引语可分为四大类:
一、直接引语为陈述句
二、直接引语为一般疑问句
三、直接引语为特殊疑问句
四、直接引语为祈使句
直接引语是陈述句
直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略。

主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的say, 也可用tell来代替,注意,可以说say that, tell sb. that,但不可直接说tell that 。

例:He often says,“China is great.”→ He often says (that) China is great.直接引语是一般疑问句:
间接引语用连词whether或if引导,原主句中谓语动词say要改为ask ,语序一定变为陈述语序。

例:1.He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”
2.He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. 注意:大多数情况下,if ,whether 可以互换,但句中出现or (not),或放在介
词后作连接词,只用whether。

直接引语是特殊疑问句:
原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词,主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达。


序一定改为陈述句语序。

例:1.He said to me,“What's your name?”
2.He asked me what my name was.
直接引语是祈使句,用:tell/order/ask/warn… sb. to do sth.
祈使句的否定形式,用:tell/order/ask/warn… sb. not to do sth.
例:1.He said, “Please come here tomorrow.”
2.He asked me to go there the next day.
直接引语变间接引语:人称根据语境变化
例:1.He said,“ My brother failed in the exam.”
He said _his___brother had failed in the exam.
2.He said to Mary,“ How is your mother now?”
He asked Mary how _her____mother was then.
3.My teacher said, ‘‘ she is a good student. ’’
My teacher said _she___was a good student.
时态的变化
1.如果主句的谓语动词是现在时,直接引语变成间接引语时,从句的时态无需变化。

2.如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变成间接引语时,从句的时态要
做出相应的改变,如下所示:
一般现在时一般过去时
一般过去时过去完成时
一般将来时过去将来时
现在进行时过去进行时
过去进行时过去完成进行时
将来进行时过去将来进行时
现在完成时过去完成时
过去完成时过去完成时
将来完成时过去将来完成时
现在完成进行时过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时过去完成进行时
将来完成进行时过去将来完成进行时
例:1.“ I am ill today.” said my mother.
My mother said that she was ill that day.
注意:直接引语转为间接引语时,下列情况下时态不变:1. 直接引语若表示
的是客观事实或真理时,变间接引语时时态不变.2. 当引语中的时间状语表
示过去某一具体时间时,谓语动词时态不需改变.
直接引语中的时间状语转换规则:
1.直接引语中的指示代词转换规则:this变为that; these变为those.本来就
是that/those则不变。

2.直接引语中动词come在间接引语中用go.
3.直接引语中副词here在间接引语中用there.
总结:。

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