宾语从句-直接引语和间接引语
直接引语和间接引语用法大全

直接引语和间接引语(Direct Speech and indirect Speech)直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语。
用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语。
间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号。
例如:Mr Black said, “I'm busy” 布莱克先生说:“我很忙”(直接引语)Mr Black said that he was busy. 布莱克先生说他很忙。
(间接引语)John said, "I'm going to London with my father."约翰说:"我要和父亲到伦敦去。
"(引号内是直接引语)John said that he was going to London with his father.约翰说,他要和他父亲去伦敦。
(宾语从句是间接引语)1 陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中或不引起歧义时常省略),从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。
在这一方面,汉语和英语有许多相似之处,因此,在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时,要特别注意句子的意义。
不能省略that的情况1.1)会产生歧义(Linda said disappointedly that when she arrived at the station, the train had already left.琳达很失望地说,她到达车站时火车已经开走了。
(如不用that,when状语从句既可以理解为修饰said, 又可以理解为修饰had left)1.2)当引述动词后面不止跟一个that引导的从句时,第二个that不能省略。
He said (that) he was leaving for Europe the next week and that he would stay there for half a year. 他说他下周要到欧洲去并在那里呆半年。
直接引语和间接引语

直接引语和间接引语(一)直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语。
间接引语一般构成宾语从句。
直接引语必须放在引号内,间接引语则不用引号。
直接引语改为间接引语时,除将引语部分变成宾语从句外,还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。
1. 时态的变化:直接引语变为间接引语时,通常受转述动词said,asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态,即把原来的时态向过去推,也就是一般现在时变一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时等。
例如:Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化;根据意义进行相应的变化。
如:She asked Jack,“Where have you been?” →She asked Jack where he had been.He said,“These books are mine.” →He said that those books were his.(二)直接引语改为间接引语时,都使用陈述语序,但是因为原句的句式不同,所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。
1.陈述句的间接引语:陈述句由直接引语变间接引语,由that引导,可以省略。
“I want the blue one.” he told us. “我想要兰色的。
” 他说。
→He told us that he wanted the blue one.他说他想要兰色的。
She sa id to me, “You can’t do anything now.” 她对我说:“此刻你无法做任何事情。
”→She told me that I couldn’t do anything then.她对我说那时我无法做任何事。
直接引语和间接引语

直接引语和间接引语一、定义:直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语。
用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来,叫间接引语。
直接引语通常都用引号括起来,间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。
She said,” I like English very much. “ (直接引语)(她说:“我非常喜欢英语”。
)She said she liked English very much. (间接引语)(她说她非常喜欢英语。
)注:直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用连词that引导宾语从句.从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等相应变化.二、直接引语和间接引语的转化1、人称的变化一随主:引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致E.g. She said, “I like Tennis.” She said that she liked tennis.二随宾:引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致e.g. I said to Lily, “you must get up early”I told Lily that she must get up early.第三人称不变:引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称不变She said to me, “ They want to help him.”She told me that they wanted to help him.→ She said that she liked math very much. (一般过去时)(2)He said, “ I’ve never seen this man .” (现在完成时)→ He said that he had never seen that man. (过去完成时)(3)Joe said ,” I’m listening to music in my room.” (现在进行时)→ Joe said that he was listening to music in his room. (过去进行时)(4)She said, “I played basketball ”.-----She said that she had played basketball.(5) He asked” What are you going to do?”----- He asked me what I was going to do.重要提示1 :当引语表示一般真理或客观事实时,转化为间接引语时时态不变,并且要使用一般现在时。
直接引语和间接引语【3篇】

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直接引语;间接引语;宾语从句

3. The boy says,“ I will go home after school.”
The boy said ___ ______ go home after school. he would
4. Jack says, “My father is a doctor.”
Jack said ____ father was a doctor. ____ his 5. The girl says, “I can speak English.”
He said he was hardworking every day. 他说他每天都很 认真学习。
人称
直接引语变为间接引语
1.(Gina) I will call you on Sunday. Gina said she would call me on Sunday. 2.(Tony) I go camping every week. Tony said he went camping every week.
3.(Linda) I am upset at my report card.
Linda said she was upset at her report card. 4.(Tanya) I am learning to speak English. Tanya said she was learning to speak English. 5.(Kenji) I will go to Sam’s house Friday night.
直接引语;间接引语;宾语从句
December 6, 2010
什么是直接引语和间接引语?
直接引述别人的话,叫“直接引语”; 用自己的话转述别人的话叫“间接引语”; 直接引语一般前后要加引号; 间接引语不用引号。
直接引语和间接引语

直接引语和间接引语引述别人的话一般有两种表达形式:引用原话,放在引号内,称为直接引语;用自己的话进行转述,被转述的话不放在引号内,称为间接引语。
这两种引语主要体现在宾语从句或复合宾语之中。
1.直接引语和间接引语的特点(1)直接引语的特点①被引用的话放在引号内;②被引用的话是原话,不作任何改动;③引用的话之前用“,”;④引用的话结束后,需用“.”、“!”、“?”等标点符号。
⑤引出直接引语的引述动词常为:say(说道),ask(问道),shout(喊道),cry(喊道),order(命令),add(补充道),smile(微笑),laugh(大笑道)等。
Eg. “Mary will give me a nice present,” Bobbie said.博比说:“玛丽要给我一件精美的礼物”Lisa asked, “Can someone help me?”丽莎问:“有人能帮我吗?”David said to me, “I have been ill since last week.”大卫对我说:“自上周以来,我一直生病。
”The girl smiled,“I’m delighted to see you again.”姑娘微笑道:“我很高兴再次见到你。
”(2)间接引语的特点①在引述谓语和被引用的话语之间不用逗号、冒号、引号等;②有时态的变化;③有人称、时间、地点等的变化;④常用的引述动词有:say(说道),ask(问道),shout(喊道),cry(喊道),order (命令),add(补充道),smile(微笑),laugh(大笑道)等。
Eg. Mill said that he would stay in China for another year. 米尔说,他将在中国再待一年。
Lily told me that she had phoned you. 莉莉告诉我,她给你打过电话。
The girl asked me if I could help her. 小姑娘问我,是否能帮她。
初中英语宾语从句之直接引语和间接引语

直接引述别人讲过的话叫做直接引语,引述的话通常放在引号内。
人说过的话叫做间接引语,间接引语在多数情况下构成的是宾语从句。
直接引语和间接引语之间可进行转换。
转换时通常注意人称、句式、时态和状语间、地点)方面的变化。
say to通常改为tell(一)人称变化:直接引语变间接引语时,的改变。
Eg. Uncle Lee said,”I will visit you after work.”said that he would visit me after work.变的方式与宾语从句的种类相同。
1、直接引语是陈述句时转换成间接引语即宾语从句时用that替代词引导,Eg Tom said,”My father get home from the park at six o’clock.---->Tomthat his father got home from the park at six o’clock. ”2语从句相同)的语序,同时引导词视情况而定。
(1)直接引语是一般疑问句时,用whether/if 引导,同时注意原句的谓语动词是say时,改成ask。
因为一般疑问句没有明确的肯定或否定结果所以用ask询问。
“Have you seen her somewhere?”her somewhere.(2)直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语时,疑问词不变,用疑问词+陈述句结构。
“what are you doing?”,she shouted at me.---->She asked me what I was(3)直接引语是选择问句时,变成间接引语,可用ask或wonder出一个明确的结果,需要询问,所以用whether…or引导。
My father said,”Dolike apples or bananas?”apples or bananas.3、直接引语是祈使句转换成间接引语,要该写成一个to do的形式,即say to sb----eg (命令)tell sb to do sth tell sb not to do sth(请求not to do stheg “Don’t move,Tom”, my mother said .---.>My mother told me not to“Happy new year to you”,Mr Zhang said to me--->Mr Zhang wished me to be4、直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,+动名词(或从句)。
直接引语和间接引语讲解及练习

直接引语变间接引语这两种引语都是宾语从句,但是直接引语放在引号内,不用连词联接;间接引语不用引号,通常用连接词与主句联接一、直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化例:Hesaid,“I'mveryglad.”→Hesaidhewasveryglad.例:Hesaid,“Canyoucomethisafternoon,John”→HeaskedJohncouldcomethatafternoon.例:Hesaid,“WhereisMr.Wang”→Heasked whereMr.Wangwas.Tomsaystome,“whatfood doyoulikebest”.→TomasksmefoodIlikebestOurparentstoldus“LearnEnglishwell”我们的父母告诉我们:“把英语学好啊”OurparentstoldusEnglishwell.我们的父母告诉我吗要把英语学好;Theteachersaidtome,“Don’treadthatnovel”Theteacherasked/toldmethatnovel.Ourparentstoldus,“Neverdowrong”父母告诉我们:“不要做错事”Ourparentstoldusnevertodowrong.我们的父母告诉我们不要做错事;二、人称的变化例如:“I wenttotheGreatWallyesterday,”LiHua said.→LiHuasaidthat he hadgonetotheGreatWallthedaybefore.“I’llcometohelp you wheneveryouneedmyhelp,”he answered her.→Heansweredherthat he wouldcometohelp her wheneversheneededhishelp.Shesaidto me,“Your pronunciationisbetterthanhis.”→Shetoldmethat my pronunciationwasbetterthanhis.三、时态变化主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化直接引语变为间接引语时时态不作改变的情况Hesays,“I’mtired.”→Hesaysthatheistired.Hewillsay,“Theboywaslazy.”→Hewilltellyouthattheboywaslazy.Ourgeographyteachersaidtous,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”→Ourgeographyteachertoldusthattheearthgoesroundthesun.Shesaid,“Iwasbornin1995.”→Shesaidthatshewasbornin1995.典型例题1Canyoutellme_______A.whatthematterisB.whatmatteritisC.what’sthematterD.thematteriswhat2Thephysicsteachersaidtheearth____aroundthesun.A.ismovingB.movedC.hadmovedD.moves语法专练1.Motheraskedtheyoungestkid____withhiscar.A.whatthematterB.WhatwasthematterC.whatthematterisD.whatisthematter2.Thetouristaskedtheguidewhathe____visitthenextday.A.wasgoingtoB.willC.isgoinginD.isto3.Theteachertoldusthatlight____fasterthansound.A.traveledB.hadtraveledC.istravelingD.travels4.Tomhankstoldhisteacherthathe____bornin1968.A.wasB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen5.LindaaskedAmy_____shecouldtellherthegeneralideasofthepoem.A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.how6.Mybrothersaidtome,“I’mgoingtohaveaholidaynextweek.”Mybrother________________________________goingtohaveaholidaythenextweek.7.Mothersaidtome,“Whatareyoudoingintheroom”Motheraskedme___________________________________intheroom.8.Heasked,“CanIborrowyourbike”Heasked_______________________borrowmybike9.Tomsaidtome,“Doyoulikefootball”Tomaskedme_________________________football10.Shesaidtome,“Iwentovermylessonslastnight.”Shetoldme____________________________overherlessonsthenightbefore.附:UnitI短语归纳1.做个好朋友tobeagoodfriend2.做下列调查makethefollowingsurvey3.合计总分addupthescore4.得分getpoints5.心烦意乱地来到学校cometoschoolupset6.不理睬铃声ignorethebell7.使你那个德国朋友平静下来calmdownyourGermanfriend8.关心你朋友beconcernedaboutyourfriends9.松开了getloose10.不得不去户外遛狗havegottowalkthedogoutdoors11.帮他期末考试作弊helphimcheatintheend-of-termexam12.列出理由makealistofreasons/listthereasons13.记下一连串的请求setdownaseriesofrequests14.根据问卷调查accordingtothequestionnaire15.根据编辑的忠告accordingtotheeditor’sadvice16.为了分担你的困难inordertoshareyourdifficulties/troubles17.与老板相爱fallinlovewiththeboss18.与我的同桌相处融洽getalong/onwellwithmydeskmate19.关心青少年beconcernedaboutteenagers20.为了和老板面对面地交流inordertocommunicatewiththebossfacetoface21.信任政府trust/believeinthegovernment22.经历了太多的战争gothroughtoomanywars23.相邻的城镇neighboringtowns24.相邻的国家neighboringcountries直接引语变间接引语练习题一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语,每空一词:1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He______methathe__________________wallet.3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He______methathe______mettheday______.6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.8.“Didyouseeherlastweek”hesaid.He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He______Jimthathe______sitthere.10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother”Heaskedhermother__________________foundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays”heasked.Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives”heasked.Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.He______thechildren____________makingsomuchnoise.14.“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.Shetoldme___________________himthenews.15.“Iamhavingsupper,”hesaid.Hesaidthat______________havingsupper.16.“I’veseenthefilm,”Ginasaidtome.Gina_______methatshe______________thefilm.17.“Iwenthomewithmysister,”shesaid.Shesaidthat_____________________homewithhersister.18.“Keepquiet,children.”hesaid.He_______thechildren______________quiet.20.“Don’tlookoutofthewindow,”shesaid.Shetoldme_____________________outofthewindow.家庭作业1.“Iamhavingsupper,”hesaid.Hesaidthat______________havingsupper.2.“I’veseenthefilm,”Ginasaidtome.Gina_______methatshe______________thefilm.3.“Iwenthomewithmysister,”shesaid.Shesaidthat_____________________homewithhersister.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.”Theteachersaidthatthesun_______biggerthanthemoon.5.“Imetheryesterday,”hesaidtome.Hetoldmethathe_______methertheday_______.6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive,”hesaid.HesaidthatI_______togo_______beforefive.7.“Iboughtthecomputertwoweeksago,”shesaid.Shesaidthatshe_______boughtthecomputertwoweeks_______.8.“Didyoureadthebooklastweek”hesaid.He______________Ihadreadthebooktheweek_______.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He_______Jimthathe_______sitthere10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother”Heaskedhermother_____________________foundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays”heasked.Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.12“Doyouknowwhereshelives”heasked me.Heaskedme______________knewwhereshe_______.13.“Keepquiet,children.”hesaid.He_______thechildren______________quiet.14.“Don’tlookoutofthewindow,”shesaid.Shetoldme_____________________outofthewindow.15.“Areyouinterestedinthis”hesaid tome.Heasked______________Iwasinterestedin_______.。
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宾语从句
1.宾语从句的概念:在复合句中,充当宾语的是个句子,或者说句子作宾语。
2.位置:动宾,介宾
3.句子结构:主句 +连词(引导词)+ 宾语从句
宾语从句的引导词:
一、当宾语从句是述句时(包括肯定句和否定句),连词由that引导,因为that 在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
例:1.Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better.
2.Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.
二、在主句为动词be加某些形容词,如sorry, sure, afraid, glad……作表语时(be+a.看作是一个动词词组),后面所跟从句也是宾语从句。
例:1.I’m sorry (that) I don’t know .
2.We’re sure (that) our team will win .
注:that 在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不能充当成分,在口语当中往往省略。
三、当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由连词whether或if引导(口语中常用if),if/whether 虽然不作成分,但是译为:“是否”,所以不能省略。
例:1.Lily wanted to know (if /whether) her grandma liked the handbag .
2.Let’s see (if /whether) we can find out some information about that city . 注:1.当句中有or 或者or not时,引导词只能用whether而不能用if.
2.在介词后面,引导词只能用whether而不能用if.
3.在动词不定式前,引导词只能用whether而不能用if.
四、当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,由连接代词(what, who, whom, which, whose)或连接副词(when, where, why,how, how many, how old, how long,……, )引导,每个连接词在从句中都担任一定的句子成分,意思各不相同,所以不可以省略。
例:1.Do you know what he said just now ?
2.I don’t remember when we arrived .
3.Please tell me who (whom) we have to see .
4. Do you know what time the plane leaves ?
五、带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句。
例:1.Could you tell us how long the meeting will last ?
2.I don’t know how far it is to the cinema .
宾语从句的时态
一、如果主句是现在或将来的某个时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
二、如果主句是过去的某个时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去
时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时……)
例:1.I knew who lived here.
2.I saw she was talking with her mother.
三、当从句是客观真理,定义,公理,定理时用一般现在时。
例:The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun .宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序用述语序:连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
对比,加深印象:
1. When will he go to the library?
His brother asks when he will go to the library .(√)
His brother asks when will he go to the library . (×)
2. What does he want to buy ?
I don’t know what he wants to buy .(√)
I don’t know what does he want to buy .(×)
注意事项:1.could / would是委婉语气,而不是过去式,因此宾语从句的
时态根据实际情况用不同时态。
2. 如果主句的谓语动词是ask时,连词不可能是that;如果主句的谓语动词是say时,连词一定用that。
3. 如果从句中含有or或or not时,只能用whether而不用if 。
直接引语与间接引语
1.直接引语:直接引用别人的原话.直接引语的前后必须加引号。
2.间接引语:间接转述别人的话。
间接引语前后不加引号。
(间接引语构成宾语从句)
直接引语变间接引语可分为四大类:
一、直接引语为述句
二、直接引语为一般疑问句
三、直接引语为特殊疑问句
四、直接引语为祈使句
直接引语是述句
直接引语如果是述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略。
主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的say, 也可用tell来代替,注意,可以说say that, tell sb. that,但不可直接说tell that 。
例:He often says,“China is great.”→ He often says (that) China is great.直接引语是一般疑问句:
间接引语用连词whether或if引导,原主句中谓语动词say要改为ask ,语序一定变为述语序。
例:1.He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”
2.He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. 注意:大多数情况下,if ,whether 可以互换,但句中出现or (not),或放在介
词后作连接词,只用whether。
直接引语是特殊疑问句:
原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词,主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达。
语
序一定改为述句语序。
例:1.He said to me,“What's your name?”
2.He asked me what my name was.
直接引语是祈使句,用:tell/order/ask/warn… sb. to do sth.
祈使句的否定形式,用:tell/order/ask/warn… sb. not to do sth.
例:1.He said, “Please come here tomorrow.”
2.He asked me to go there the next day.
直接引语变间接引语:人称根据语境变化
例:1.He said,“ My brother failed in the exam.”
He said _his___brother had failed in the exam.
2.He said to Mary,“ How is your mother now?”
He asked Mary how _her____mother was then.
3.My teacher said, ‘‘ she is a good student. ’’
My teacher said _she___was a good student.
时态的变化
1.如果主句的谓语动词是现在时,直接引语变成间接引语时,从句的时态无需变化。
2.如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变成间接引语时,从句的时态要
做出相应的改变,如下所示:
一般现在时一般过去时
一般过去时过去完成时
一般将来时过去将来时
现在进行时过去进行时
过去进行时过去完成进行时
将来进行时过去将来进行时
现在完成时过去完成时
过去完成时过去完成时
将来完成时过去将来完成时
现在完成进行时过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时过去完成进行时
将来完成进行时过去将来完成进行时
例:1.“ I am ill today.” said my mother.
My mother said that she was ill that day.
注意:直接引语转为间接引语时,下列情况下时态不变:1. 直接引语若表示
的是客观事实或真理时,变间接引语时时态不变.2. 当引语中的时间状语表
示过去某一具体时间时,谓语动词时态不需改变.
直接引语中的时间状语转换规则:
1.直接引语中的指示代词转换规则:this变为that; these变为those.本来就
是that/those则不变。
2.直接引语中动词come在间接引语中用go.
3.直接引语中副词here在间接引语中用there.
总结:。