猜测词义 公开课 刘莹
2024届《高考一轮复习之文言实词词义的推断》公开课一等奖创新教学设计
2024届《高考一轮复习之文言实词词义的推断》公开课一等奖创新教学设计《高考一轮复习之文言实词词义的推断】教学设计学生需求分析经过高中三年的学习，学生们已经对文言文有了一定的了解和掌握。
他们积累了一定的文言实词，这为他们读懂古文打下了坚实的基础。
但是，古汉语的内容广泛且丰富，实词积累又无法穷尽。
因此，学生们还需要掌握文言实词推断的一般方法，通过举一反三、触类旁通的方式，进一步提高文言文的阅读理解能力，为读懂文言文扫除障碍，同时，学生自主梳理探究的意识不强，也往往忽略古文背后的文化价值与精神内涵。
教学目标制定1、总结文言实词词义推断方法，通过不同题型的真题演练，培养学生迁移运用能力；2、链接教材，巩固实词推断的方法，同时强化回归教材的意识；3、引导学生梳理探究，关注语言背后的文化价值与精神内涵，培养对祖国语言文字的热爱。
教学重点难点重点：总结文言实词词义推断的七种方法，并在回归教材中加以巩固。
难点：通过不同题型的真题演练，培养学生迁移运用知识的能力。
教学环境与教学用具多媒体教室、希沃白板交互式课件教学步骤与过程（一）课堂导入《咬文嚼字》编辑部近日在沪发布了2023年十大流行语，新质生产力、双向奔赴、人工智能大模型、特种兵式旅游等词语榜上有名。
这些流行语的背后，不仅体现了语言本身的创造力，也反映了社会的变迁。
文言文是我们与古代先贤沟通的桥梁，是了解古代社会的一面镜子。
然而，文言文中有很多实词的词义难以理解，给我们的阅读造成了障碍。
因此，今天我们将学习文言实词词义推断的方法，帮助同学们更好地读懂文言文，为你们与古人对话、走进古代社会打下坚实的基础（二）学习活动一：方法提炼请推测下列划线词语的词义，并说说你是如何推断的。
方法小结：字形推断法、邻字推断法、结构推断法、语法推断法、联想推断法、通假推断法、语境推断法（三）学习活动二：链接教材回顾选必下册第三单元，找找哪些字词可以运用实词推断法加以推断。
推断方法示例字形推断法邻字推断法结构推断法语法推断法联想推断法通假推断法语境推断法（四）学习活动三：真题演练请运用所学方法完成下面的试题。
高三英语专项校公开课阅读理解猜测词义演示文稿
What does a “swab” mostly probably mean?_____ Ａ
A.something soft, small and used in clinics B. something hard, long and used at home C. something thin, wet and like an elbow D. something safe, big and like a toy
第10页，共39页。
Example3
1.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.
词义：________ 2. Mr. S傲m慢ith的loves to talk, and his wife is similarly
第11页，共39页。
Pracitce3:
Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in
the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. (2012全国II)
What does the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer
在课堂教学中培养学生猜词释义的能力
在课堂教学中培养学生猜词释义的能力摘要:在英语阅读过程中不可避免地会碰到一些生词,如果一遇上生词就查字典,既影响阅读速度又影响阅读兴趣。
因此,掌握一些猜测词义的方法无疑会有助于提高英语阅读的能力。
关键词:英语;阅读;猜测;词义在阅读中,我们往往会遇到一些不认识的单词或短语,或者认识的单词在具体文章中有了新意义。
如果这些词或短语不影响对文章主要内容的理解,我们便可以将它们略过,继续阅读。
如果了解这些词语的意思对正确理解文章很重要,这时,我们就必须根据上下文,对它们的意义进行猜测,使之不影响对整篇文章的阅读和理解。
需要注意的是,一个单词通常有好几个意思,我们要解决的是这些词在文中所表达的意思。
因此,不可脱离上下文,不能只根据自己以前了解的词义来确定其意义。
猜词释义是一项很重要的阅读技能,经常鼓励学生在一定的语言环境中猜词释义可以培养学生阅读时积极思考的良好习惯,提高他们的阅读兴趣。
在课堂教学中,我们可以从以下几个方面入手指导学生进行猜词释义的训练。
一、根据语境猜测词义在仔细阅读文章后,利用上下文提供的情境和线索,进行合乎逻辑的综合分析和推理,便能轻而易举地猜出词义。
在sefc b ii unit 4 how a newspaper is produced?一文有这样一段描述:“every morning, the newspaper chief editor holds a meeting with journalists. they discuss the main events ofthe day. reporters are then sent to cover the events.”“cover”一词学生并不陌生,但根据上下文中的意思和句中的位置显然不能译成“盖子”或“封面”,既然讨论的是当日的主要事件,而记者又被派出,学生由此可猜出“cover”在这儿应是“采访”的意思。
再如letter to a pen friend一课中,有这样一个句子:“it doesn’t often rain in summer here…every evening we pump water from a well…”教师可先把句中的生词“pump”给学生疏通,而well虽已学过,但在这里明显不是已知的“好”的意思,这时可以采用选择的形式让学生进行猜测训练:a.a thing for keeping water b.a person who pumps water c.a deep hole with water in the ground d. a tool used for digging for water显然,学生根据前后文提供的内容,可猜出“well”的意思是选项c。
高考英语阅读理解解题策略之猜测词义公开课优质课件
49 What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean A .I was waiting for good fortune. B .I was trying to find an admirable job. C .I was being aimless about a suitable job. D. I was doing several jobs for more pay at a time.
小结
Homework I left university with a good degree in English Literature ,but n sense of what I wanted to do .Over the next six years, just trying to earn an income, I was treading water. Because I tried Because journalism ,but I didn’t think I was any good ,then finance, which I hated. Finally, I got a job as a rights assistant at a famou publisher. I loved working with books ,although the job that I did was dull .
高中英语阅读猜测词义技巧探究
关键词：高中英语；英语阅读；猜测词义；语言能力
《普通高中英语课程标准（2017 年版 2020 年修订）》中 将英语学科核心素养归纳为语言能力、文化品格、思维品 质和学习能力。 其中语言能力是学生学习英语必须具有的 最基本能力，是用语言解题的能力，包括语言知识、语言意 识、语言技巧和交际策略方面的能力。 高中英语阅读着重 考查学生的阅读理解能力，此题型不只是直接根据单词字 面判断词义，更多是根据上下文的语言环境和语言逻辑进 行推理和判断。
一、通过分析词汇结构、词性以及逻辑，培养猜词能力 1.巧用构词法 高中英语语篇中有大量的单词是由前后缀或复合词 构成的新单词，运用构词法判断生词的词义是一种快速准 确的猜词技巧。 常见的前缀有：dis，un，im，in， non， dis， over 等； 常见的后缀有 er， or， able ， en，tion， ation， ment， ise， ize 等。 2010 年山东省高考英语试题中猜测问划线短 语 over-consumption 的含义，前缀“over”的意思是“过分的， 过量的”，consumption 意思是“消费”，结合文中 we already have more material than we need 的 语 境 ， 可 以 得 知 over-consumption 的意思是“过度消费”。再如 The aim of the Belt and Road Initiative is to strengthen the bonds/ties between China and the rest of the world.根据构词法可知 strength 是名 词，意思是“力量、强度”，“en”是动词后缀，再结合语言逻 辑性，不难推断出句意是“一带一路”倡议的目的是加强中 国与世界其他地区的联系。 再如：By airmail they noticed the bank in Australia that $1000 maybe withdrawn.此句中“air”的 词义是“空气”，“mail”的词义是“邮件”，根据 airmail 一词
2023届高三英语二轮复习之猜测词义的技巧课件
因果关系 信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so,
therefore, so…that, such…that, thus
Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. 弹性的
---猜测词义
Dealing with new words or phrases in reading comprehension
高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求
要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话 题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从 中获取相关信息。考生应能：
１、理解主旨要义； ２、理解文中具体信息； ３、根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义； ４、作出判断和理解； ５、理解文章的基本结构； ６、理解作者的意图，观点和态度。
One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
was sure that he was innocent of the theft.
无辜的
3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义 词、近义词（词组）或相似的 结构猜测词义。
Cleaning up waterways is an enormous
task .The job is so large, in fact, that the
公开课教案：阅读理解猜词技巧
阅读技能训练——猜测词义How to guess the meanings of words?授课教师：缙云职业中专卢蕾第1课时Teaching contentHow to guess the meanings of words while reading?Instructional objectives1.Ss will be able to know how to guess the meaning of words.2.Ss can guess the meanings according to the skills.3.Ss will be able to consolidate the skills of guessing the meanings.Important points1.Ss can understand the skills of guessing the meanings.2.Ss will be able to use the guessing skills.Difficult pointsSs will be able to consolidate the skills of guessing the meanings.Teaching methodsInductive approach, discussion and competitionTeaching materialsMultimedia,blackboardTeaching proceduresStep1 Warming upShow the rule of the competition.Step2 Lead-inSs play a guessing game: guess the meaning of the word according to the giveninformation.(Purpose: Try to arouse Ss’ interests in guessing.)Step3 PresentationSs work on the sentences and guess the meanings of the given words, trying to conclude the strategies.根据构词法猜词1. I will not make friends with a dishonest person.2. When the little boy finished, his father was speechless.3. If some athletes use drugs, it is unfair to the others.根据释义猜词1. It will be very hard but also very brittle——that is , it will break easily.2. The purpose of the campaign was to catch “ringers”, students who take tests for other students.3. A calendar is a list of the days, weeks, months of a particular year.根据对比转折猜词1. He replied quickly, but after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision.2. Your ideas are so nebulous that they are not clear to me.根据反义词猜词1. Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical.2. He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.根据因果关系猜词1. The clock is so accurate that it will never lose a second in more than 200 millionyears.2. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key.根据生活常识或经验猜词1. In the old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves plenty of dowry.2. But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there will be a drought.3. The snake slithered through the grass.Step4 PracticeSs work on the exercises on the PPT in groups of 6. If the answer is right, his or her group will have one point.Step5 CompetitionPresent some fruits on the PPT for the Ss to choose, each stands for an exercise. If his of her answer is right, he or she can get one point. The best student in the best group will be able to have a gift.Step6 SummaryMake a summary to revise what we’ve learned in this lesson.Step7 Homework1.Memorize the skills after class.2.Finish off Passage 2 carefully.Bb. How to guess the meanings of words?Teaching reflectionThe content was a bit difficult, however, students could understand it quite well.The Competition made most of the students get balance development in the aspects of studying interest, learning goal, learning content, learning motivation and learning channel.。
高中英语二轮专题复习阅读理解中的词义猜测公开课
If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below. 26.What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph? A. a dessert. B. a drink. C. a container. D. a machine
What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in Paragraph 3? A. The attackers get attacked. B. The insects gather under the table. C. The plants get ready to fight back. D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.
text?
4) Which of the following has the closest meaning to… (paragraph…)?
5) By saying that “…” in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______.
英语阅读理解微技能训练—猜测词义的教学设计
教学目标：
, 合作讨论”的学习方式，指导学生回顾和总结猜词的技巧与
，提高学生利用语境猜词的意识和能力。
教学过程与方法
课前预习：发“自主预习案”，学生自主完成10个猜词小题，思考并尝试归纳猜测
（所需时间10-15分钟）
课中探究：
话题引入（3分钟）
检查预习（5分钟）
利用构词法知识（由预习题1、2小题归纳）
Search for the clues and hints in the context that reveal the techniques of
教学方法
，cooperative-learning，Inquiry-based learning，
，Individual work
Group discussion
is to guess rather than refer to a dictionary immediately. Today our task is to learn to
Students work in groups and check their answers to previewing exercises.
（课后巩固提高）
the passage and complete two tasks concerned to consolidate students’ skills and
教学设计的背景和意义:
新课标和考纲的要求：
高中英语新课程标准要。新课来自标准对合格高中毕业生阅读外70—80个词，在阅读的过程中同时培养从上下文所给的信息中
高考的阅读材料中可以含有3%的生词，高考试题的阅读理解部分没汉语
1-2个词义
在“猜疑”中进步
形式 出现 ； 有 的借 助标点符号进行解 释 ， 像 冒号 、 破 折号就是最 好 转折关系 、 因果关系 、 词语 之间的对等关系进行词义的猜测 。在这
的证 明 ； 还 有 的 以 固定 短 语 进 行 解 释 ， 如ｔ ｈａ ｔ ｉ ｓ ， ｏ ｒ ， ｔ ｈ ａ ｔ ｉ ｓ ｔ ｏ ｓ ａ ｙ ， ｉ ｎ 四种关系中旬与句之 间 、 词与词之间主要靠连词进行连接 。例如 ：
一
、
ｆ ｒ ｉ ｅ ｎ ｄ ？ Ｗｈ ｙ？ （３ ） Ｗｈ ａ ｔ ｄ ｏ ｙ ｏ ｕ ｔ ｈ ｉ ｎ ｋ ａ ｇ ｏ ｏ ｄ ｒ ｆ ｉ ｅ ｎ ｄ ｓ ｈ ｏ ｕ ｌ ｄ ｂ ｅ ｌ ｉ ｋ ｅ ？
（ ４ ）Ｄ ｏ ｅ ｓ ａ ｆ ｒ ｉ ｅ ｎ ｄ ａ ｌ ｗ ａ ｙ ｓ ｈ ａ ｖ ｅ ｔ ｏ ｂ ｅ ａ ｐ ｅ ｒ ｓ ｏ ｎ ？（ ５ ）Ｈ ａ ｖ ｅ ｙ ｏ ｕ ｅ ｖ ｅ ｒ ｃ ｏ ｎ ｓ ｉ ｄ ｅ ｒ ｅ ｄ ｍ ａ ｋ ｉ ｎ ｇ ｆ ｉ ｒ ｅ ｎ ｄ ｓ ｗ ｉ ｔ ｈ ａ ｎ ｉ ｍａ ｌ ｓ ， ｐ ｌ ａ ｎ ｔ ｓ ｏ ｒ ｅ ｖ ｅ ｎ ａ ｎ ｏ ｂ ｊ ｅ ｅ ｔ ？ 让学
习方 法， 不利于学生 阅读 速度 的提 高， 同时也影响 了学生对文章的整体 把握。 所以， 在做“ 阅读理解” 时， 学生应该学会猜测生词 的意义。 结合 实际来谈谈高 中英语 中猜词 的技巧。 关键词 ： 高 中英语 ； 阅读理解 ； 猜词技巧
一
、
根 据 释 义 猜 测 生 词 词 义
ｈ ｏ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｒ ｗ ｏ ｒ ｄ ｓ等 词 语 。 例 如 ： Ｔ ｈ ｅ ｎ ｅ ｗ ｅ ｄ ｉ ｉ ｆ ｃ ｅ ， ａ ｔ ｗ ｅ ｎ ｔ ｙ — ｆ ｏ ｕ ｒ — ｓ ｔ ｏ ｒ ｅ ｙ Ｔ ｅ ｈ ｏ ｔ ｔ ｒ ｏ ｐ ｉ ｃ ａ ｌ ｗｅ ａ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｒ ｃ ｒ ｅ ａ ｔ ｅ ｄ ａ ｆ ｅ ｅ ｌ ｉ ｎ ｇ ｏ ｆ ｌ ａ ｓ ｓ ｉ ｔ ｕ ｄ ｅ ａ ｎ ｄ ｅ ｎ ｃ ｏ ｕ ｒ ａ ｇ ｅ ｄ
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
牙医
起解释说明作用
He is a dentist, that is to say, a person whose job is to take care of people’s teeth.
Ⅳ Guess the meaning 2. I made some coffee but it was horrible. In fact, my sister said it was undrinkable. drink 喝 -able 可以喝的 un-否定前缀 否定前缀
同义关系
Ⅳ Guess the meaning
夜班
4. We are on the night shift ---from midnight to 8 a.m.---this week.
同位关系
Tip 4: 根据同位语或定语从句猜测词义 key word: （1）破折号 ） (2) 定语从句 (3) 同位语。 同位语。
Tip 2: 根据词根、前缀、后缀猜测词义 根据词根、前缀、 Key words : 1) 词根 2) 前缀 3)后缀 后缀
The boy had a happy family before. However, after the war, he became homeless.
home—家 家 -less 否定后缀：没有 否定后缀：
Ⅲ Guess the meaning
3. If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”. 不同意
Tip 3: 根据同义词或反义词猜测词义
作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义 作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义 近义词或者 去解释另一个更难的词， 词去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文 字意思更清楚， 字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同一句 或者同一段落中。 或者同一段落中。
★ 09-11年北京中考卷中题型分布 09-11年北京中考卷中题型分布
主旨 大意
2009 2010 2011 2 2 3
事实 细节
8 5 8
猜测 词义
1 2 1
推理 判断 1 1 1
Dealing with new words or phrases in reading comprehension
转折关系
He had been getting better, however ,during the night his condition deteriorated.
恶化
Ⅳ Guess the meaning
并列关系
7. It's really cold outside, and my hands are both numb.
1. A calendar is a list of the days, weeks, months of a particular year. 2. I made some coffee but it was horrible. In fact, my sister said it was undrinkable. 3. If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”. 4. We are on the night shift ----from midnight to 8 a.m.---this week. 5.I could see nothing because the light was too faint 6.He is a punctual boy, but he was late this morning. 7.It‘s really cold outside, and my hands are both numb.
Guessing game
animal fat & cute black and white
panda
Guessing game
monster kind huge and green
Shrek
We use some Key words to guess something.
《考试说明》要求： 考试说明》要求： 能根据上下文 构词法推断 上下文和 推断、 能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含 义。 《课标》要求： 课标》要求： 能根据上下文和构词法推断、 上下文和构词法推断 “能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的 含义” 含义”。
学情分析
学生有了一定的词汇和语法基础， 学生有了一定的词汇和语法基础， 具备了完成猜测词义题的基础知识， 具备了完成猜测词义题的基础知识，但 是学生缺乏做题思路和技巧的指导。 是学生缺乏做题思路和技巧的指导。学 生迫切地需要在老师的指导下找到猜测 词义题的解题技巧，提高英语成绩。 词义题的解题技巧，提高英语成绩。
ⅠQuestion form (常见提问方式） (常见提问方式 常见提问方式）
The underlined word “__”in the passage means __ . What does “___”in the third paragraph stand for ? The word/phrase “____” most nearly means ____. The word/phrase “__” could best be replaced by __. The word/phrase “__” in Line…,Para …refers to__. Line…,Para …refers to__. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “____”? “____”? What’s the meaning of “____” in Line …,Para …? The author uses the word “____” to indicate____? indicate____?
Help Ss learn how to guess the meaning of words.
Teaching Difficult Points
Help Ss learn how to guess the meaning of words.
游戏导入 提问方式
Teaching steps
策略指导 策略运用 方法总结 中考实战
Teaching Aims
Ss will be able to: 1 master skills of guessing the meaning of new words. 2 finish exercise in authentic exams.
Teaching Important Points
er or ian 后缀,构成可数名词 ist ese ess ment tion ness 后缀,构成抽象名词 sion ery ing
al an able ern ful ish 形容词后缀 ive less y ly ous
动词后缀 en ize ify encourage realize satisfy
冻僵了的,麻木的 失去知觉的 冻僵了的 麻木的,失去知觉的 麻木的
Tip 7 : 利用语境及前后的提
示来猜测词义
Key words : and, also, as…as, the same as
温和的
Байду номын сангаас
The weather in Hawaii is always mild. It is pleasant and warm. There is usually a light wind to cool the air.
因果关系
Ⅳ Guess the meaning 6.He is a punctual boy, but he was late this morning. 守时的
转折关系 Tip 6: 根据反义词或对比关系猜测词义 Key words : but, however, although , though While然而 rather than, instead of 然而, 然而
教学内容分析: 教学内容分析
阅读技巧指导课：猜测词义。 阅读技巧指导课：猜测词义。 1. 中考重要的阅读题型，每年中考都有所涉 中考重要的阅读题型， 及。 2. 应是学生得分题目，但是目前得分率低。 应是学生得分题目，但是目前得分率低。 因此， 因此，通过专题课帮助学生掌握猜测词义 的技巧是十分必要的。 的技巧是十分必要的。
Ⅱ策略指导
How to guess the meaning of words?
生活 常识 上下文 对比 转折
定义
构词法
猜
因果 关系
同义词 反义词 同位 关系
Ⅲ Guess the meaning 起解释说明作用
日历
1. A calendar is a list of the days, weeks, months of a particular year. Tip 1: 根据定义或释义猜测词义 Key words : 1) is , mean, that is to say … 2)标点符号 破折号、冒号 标点符号: 破折号、 标点符号 3)定语从句 定语从句
Mr White loves to talk , his wife is also as loquacious as him.
爱说话的， 爱说话的，多嘴的 同义关系
Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to people's health. They 有害的 also regard drinking as harmful.
二十七字教学方针的运用
知学情： 知学情： 在学生做练习时要巡视， 在学生做练习时要巡视，了解学生做 题情况。 题情况。 小先生： 小先生： 在做完练习后，要让学生交换意见， 在做完练习后，要让学生交换意见， 发挥小先生的作用。 发挥小先生的作用。 盯落实： 盯落实： 在每个技巧介绍完以后， 在每个技巧介绍完以后，及时给出配 套练习，落实该技巧。 套练习，落实该技巧。