商务合同论文-商务英语合同词汇特点和翻译技巧分析

Analysis on Word Features and Translation Skills in Business English Con tracts商务英语合同词汇特点和翻译技巧分析摘要随着全球经济一体化和中国与世界各国之间的经济往来的不断密切和加深，尤其是自从中国加入WTO以来，中国与世界各国的经济交流越来越密切。

在国际交流和贸易过程中，商务合同尤其是商务英语合同作为国际贸易与协作中约定双方权利与义务以及确立双方沟通方式的重要手段，其词汇特点和翻译技巧也越来越被更多的人加以研究。

本文试从商务英语合同的用词特色及翻译技巧等方面对商务英语合同的一些特点和翻译过程中值得注意的地方进行探讨和沟通，力求为从业者和研究者提供有益的借鉴和参考。

本文第一章重点分析了商务英语合同的发展背景、国内研究现状、研究意义等方面的内容，并详细介绍了商务英语合同在中国的快速发展情况；第二章交代了商务英语合同的概念和词汇特点, 并详细阐述了相关特点中专用名词、书面语、古体语、外来语、情态动词以及缩略语在商务英语合同中的使用情况；第三和第四章两章则从商务英语合同的翻译技巧和有利建议的方面进行了细致描述，并从古体词的准确翻译、专有名词的标准化翻译、公文的常用副词使用、易混词的专注度以及译本的规范和流畅方面重点阐述了相关翻译技巧。

通过以上分析，本文作者致力于将商务英语合同的特点和翻译技巧陈述出来，希望能够对以后的从业人员和翻译者的翻译和研究事业产生有利影响。

关键词：商务合同；国际交流；翻译AbstractWith the development of the economic globalization and the economic relationship between China and other countries becoming closer and deeper, especially China’s attendance of WTO, the economic communication between China and other countries becomes closer and closer. In the process of international communication and trading, business contract especially the business English contract as an important means of appointing two parties’ rights and responsibilities and setting up bilateral communicative ways in international trading and cooperation has been received more and more attention from the researchers. Business English words’ characters and translation principles and means has been brought into more and more people’s studying field.This thesis attempts to discover and discuss some features in business English contracts and the problems encountered in the process of translation from these aspects of business English contracts’words’features and translation skills wroth of noticing in order to provide the advantageous reference for the professionals and researchers. The first chapter of the essay lays stress on business English Contracts’ developing background, domestic studying situation, studying meanings and so on and introduce the rapid development situation of business English contracts; The second chapter depicts the concept of business Englishcontract and the words’ characters, meanwhile, it demonstrates the using situation of corresponding features including the technical term, written words, archaism, loanwords, modal verbs as well as abbreviations; The third and last chapter present every detail of business English contracts’translation skills and favorable suggestions, and the author demonstrates the translation skills from many skills like skill of accurate archaism, skill of regularized formal terms, skill of using conventional adverbs in official document, skill of paying attention on confusing words, skill of accordance with norm and fluency. Through all of the above analysis, the author devotes himself into depicting the features and translation skills of business English contracts so as to influence the future’s studies and translation professionals positively.Keywords: Business Contract; International Communication; TranslationI. IntroductionII. Words’ Features of Business English Contracts2.1 Usage of technical terms2.2 Usage of archaism2.3 Usage of written words2.4 Usage of loanwords2.5 Usage of modal verbs2.6 Usage of abbreviationsIII. Translation Skills of Business English Contract3.1 Skill of accurate archaism3.2 Skill of regularized formal terms3.3 Skill of using conventional adverbs in official document’s language 3.4 Skill of paying attention on confusing words3.5 Skill of accordance with norm and fluencyIV Suggestions in Business English Contracts’ Translation Process4.1 Being familiar with the related knowledge of business English4.2 Using the technical terms4.3 Understanding the words’and linguistic characters of business contractV. ConclusionWorks CitedAcknowledgementsI. IntroductionWith the development of economy and trading integration, business English as the basic communicative tool has been used widely in every trading cooperation. Contracts as the tool for different countries trading with others, has been brought into people’s discussion for a long time.Due to the oppositely conservative economic style and rare communication with other countries, the related study on business English Contracts was very rare before 21st in China. While the situation changed a lot from the beginning of the new era of 21st century with the booming development of related works.Business English contracts is a kind of text form with strong professionalism and responsibility. [1] To acquire business English contracts’words’characters and translation skills will be good for assisting related trading activities’communication and cooperation effectively and authoritatively. This paper aims at analyzing the character of words in business English contracts and the translation skills worthy of studying in order to help all of the students, professionals and related researchers of this field obtain a good knowledge of business English contracts, and also provide them with advantageous reference and assistance in their future’s study. What’s more, all of the related works’booming development will surely advance China’s marketing economic development and progress, prompt the blend of economy of China and other countries, which certainly will have extremely positive affection in world economic integrity.II. Words’ Features of Business English ContractsBusiness contract is the main guarantee of bilateral profits, its wordsshould be formal, serious, detailed, accurate, complex, profound and distinguished. [2] Thus in the process of signing a contract, related people have to adopt regularized terms and expressing ways to make sure the contract are coherent, its content is true and is with legal effect. In view of the above mentioned requirements, the words of business English contracts should have many characters, like the mass usages of technical terms, written words, archaisms, loanwords, modal verbs and abbreviations.2.1 Usage of technical termsTechnical terms in contract defines the words with specific meaning and character and being used not as common and ordinary meaning. On account of the legal effect, it always need many professional words, law terms to protocol an agreement in order to make the words’ meaning sole and specific without any emotional color and different meaning. There are many commonly used terms listed, like “for your reference”, “for one’s file”, “in your favor”, “by separate post”and “advance payment”and so on. [3]2.2 Usage of archaismThe massive use of archaisms is an obvious character of business English contract. For the language of business English is very formal with many written words, there are many words being used in documents and contracts rarely used in other fields. Archaisms are the words with formallanguage style, most of them are the adverbial compound words combined by propositions like there and here, where and by, after, in, at and so on. Just like the words “hereby”, “hereafter” and “whereby” and so on. [4]2.3 Usage of written wordsAs business English contracts should rule the two parties’rights, obligations, duties and action norms directly who signed the contract, therefore the written words are usually used to stand out the contract’s seriousness and professional textual characters. For example, “in effect”is always used to take the place of “in fact”; “desire to do” is always used to take the place of “wish to do”; “deem” is always used to take the place of “think” and “believe” and so on. [5]2.4 Usage of loanwordsSome business technical terms used in business contract originates from Latin or French, some are derived words or compound words by the root of them. Most of the terms have the same prefix or suffix and have the stable meanings being advantageous for expressing exactly. For example, “as per”comes from Greek; “inter alia”, “ad valorem duty”, “stare decisis”all originate from Lation, which will be written as italic type in business contract. [6]2.5 Usage of modal verbsThe purpose of signing a business contract lies in define twoparities’ rights and obligations in case of any legal dispute. Consequently, there existing lots of similar depictions in the items of a contract, like “something must be done”, “something may be done”and “something shall not be done”and so on. Under such circumstances, many modal verbs will be used in business contract. Apart from being used to express the future tense, some modal verbs have many other particular meanings in law, which could be paid more attention in translation process. To set some examples, “shall”commonly mean the obligation in business contract namely what should be done. And if it hasn’t been performed, such action will be seen as default. Thus “shall” means “should” or “have to”in the translation text; “May”commonly mean the right, power or privilege in business contract namely what can be done. And if expressing some right is mandatory, “be entitled” should be used usually; “Must” is generally used to express the compulsory situation by law namely what should be done, and the tone is stronger that “shall”; “Will” is generally used to express the compulsory situation without regulations in law, and the tone of it is weaker that “shall”. [7]2.6 Usage of abbreviationsAs kind of professional legal document, business English contract is tedious and complicated. And in order to make the contract convenient to be communicated, remembered and recorded, numerous abbreviations will be used in business English contract. The several simple liters usedin business contract can convey complex meanings, whose interpretations have become a convention internationally. In general, the payment way, delivery way, insurance way, price items, currency, measurement and other organizations, companies and countries always arise as abbreviations. For “LC”= letter of credit; L&D=loans and damage; L&D.=loans and discounts; FOB=Free on Board; A/R=all risks; SHINC=Sunday and Holiday Included etc,. [8]。