Do You Really Have a Global Strategy
”全球化“英语口语对话
”全球化“英语口语对话第一篇：”全球化“英语口语对话Fan:Hi, guy, come here.We bring a fried chicken leg for you from KFC.Luo:Oh my god.Why do you eat KFC everyday.I can’t stand it.Do you think it is the best food? Who can tell me the reason?Fang: Of course not, because of globalization.Under the impact of globalization, there is so many fast food store.Such as KFC,MacDonald,Dicos and so on.So we don’t have choice..Fan: Yeah, please don’t complain it.As for th e globalization, I have many opinions which I want to talk with you.I think the globalization has been come in our daily life.For example, looking at your clothes and shoes, it’s New Balance, which come from American brand.Luo: I can’t agree with you more.On the one hand, I like to watch the Korean operas best.It is also a symbol of globalization.On the other hand, I also like the film which are made by Hollywood.Fang, How about you, what’s your view about globalization.Fang: Oh, your thought are so narrow.Let me help you expand your vision.As far as I’m concerned, it is most important for China to improve our economic level.After joining the WTO, we can buy the same goods at a lower price.And the same time, we can sell more goods to other countries.Fan: Yean, I know, except the development of economy, we could analyse the globalization from military affairs.Our country belongs to developing country.We don’t have enough power of army.We have to realize the difference between the developing country and developed country.So we should try our best to create.Luo: globalization is mutual.We also should see the impact which we bring to the world.More and more Confucius Institute have beenbuilt in the world.In that way, we could spread our Chinese culture.Fang: Don’t forget the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.It promotes the progress of military affairs, but also keep the peace of Asia.In this organization, every member of country couldexpress their view of world and exchange the information of military affairs.Fan: The globalization’s impact is too far-reaching.It has its unique advantage and also has disadvantage.Luo: Yeah, in order to get more profit, we should make use of it in a reasonable degree.Fang: Last but not least, we should keep ourselves value.We can learn the culture of West, but we can’t depend on it.第二篇：全球化对话Unit 3: Globalization 1.With the increasing popularity of Western food and festivals in China, what do you think should be done to preserve our unique culture? 2.How does globalization affect your life?Y：Globalization is always heard on TV and read about it in newspapers.What does globalization mean? I thinkIt means the world is now a village-the global village.The world has become smaller and smaller.Have you found the globalization in our life?S: Yes, It can be found everywhere, such as the Coke cola, KFC, McDonald’s, Nikes and so on.Nowadays, Globalization play an important role in our world.What about you,?L:Yes, now days, globalization is not a strange word for us, It has become common and already attracted broad attention in the world in recent years.D：I agree with you.With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that the world will become a Global village.That's globalization.Y:How does globalization affect our life? I think the answer is obviously.Look around us，the elements of theinternationalizationis everywhere，such as buy things through network.What about you？S：Yes，I always shopping online, I can buy the foreign goods cheaper than our country.L:Yes, I think so.It’s no longer need to travel around in order to experience other countries’ life with the foreign arts as well as surrounding them.D: My baby can drink the imports of milk, that is impossible before.It seems that the world become smaller and smaller.Y: Of course, the world did not shrink and it isn't a village.It can be found ineconomic, cultural, political and so on.But is globalization a good or bad thing? I think that’s a difficult question to answer.Can you answer this question,？当然，世界上没有缩水，这是不是一个村庄。
5全球化的局势_上保持自我取其精华去其糟粕学习经验 英语作文
5全球化的局势_上保持自我取其精华去其糟粕学习经验英语作文Economic globalization makes the world culture collide and leads to the internationalization of higher education in developing countries, which poses an unprecedented threat and impact on China's higher education. The research on internationalization and nationalization of higher education is carried out with the acceleration of economic globalization, and in the process of modernization in the countries which we think promote the development of higher education in developing countries, we should follow the principle of "but different" between internationalization and Nationalization: one road is combined, internationalization and nationalization of higher education are both literal and intuitive Different propositions or exclusion, each has different connotations, but in theory, there is no correlation between them. Instead, they overlap and are closely related.Internationalization and nationalization have inherent consistency. The so-called "internationalization of higher education" refers to a state of higher education formed in the face of international development trend and process, which isinternationalized, cross-cultural and global The concept is integrated into teaching, research and service. Professor Jane Knight of Canada believes that the internationalization of higher education is adopted in response to the impact of globalization and country A.while respecting the national characteristics, Professor Yu believes that the internationalization of higher education is oriented to the world and the future, with specific and diverse higher education exchanges and cooperation as the carrier, We should absorb and learn from the educational ideas and models of higher education in the world, as well as their cultural traditions and value systems, so as to improve the quality of personnel training and promote the modernization of national higher education.。
国际营销课后习题
Chapter 12、“. . . the marketer’s task is the same whether applied in Dime Box, Texas, or Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.”Discuss. The only difference between domestic marketing and international marketing is that the activities take place in more than one country.Therefore, the marketing task is the same throughout the world.3、How can the increased interest in international marketing on the part of the U.S. firms be explained?Increased interest has been brought about because of changingcompetitive structures, coupled with shifts in demand characteristicsthroughout the world. The U.S. market has reached saturation levels for many products, and increasing numbers of firms are faced with surpluses which must be sold. Also, many firms find that return on investment may be higher in foreign markets than in domestic markets. Finally, more and more firms realize that tomorrow’s markets will be world markets and it isimperative that they establish world market positions early.4、Discuss the four phases of international marketing involvement.The first phase includes those domestic firms which have no foreignbusiness activity except those sales made to foreign customers who come directly to the firm. The second phase includes domestic firms which have temporary surpluses which are sold abroad. Therefore, sales are made on an availability basis with little or no intention for continuing marketrepresentation. The third phase includes the domestic firms that havepermanent productive capacity which is utilized to produce goods which are sold on a continuing basis in foreign markets. The fourth phaseincludes the international company that produces a product for the world market.5、Discuss the conditions that have led to the development of global markets.According to the Professor Levitt and others who suggest that there is a global market for goods, this phenomenon has resulted from newcommunications technology, travel and other factors which have led to the markets of the world being more aware of different products and processes.As a result of this awareness, there are segments in each market who have had similar experiences and thus have common needs. These commonneeds are described as a demand for high quality, reasonably priced,standardized products. There is a strong feeling that within each country’s market there is a growing segment that has been exposed to ideas from around the world and thus have had their tastes and perceived needsaffected. There is a strong feeling that world markets are being driventoward a converging commonality of taste and needs leading toward global markets.6、Differentiate between a global company and a multinational company.The main distinction between a global and a multinational company is thata global company assumes there are segments across countries whichhave the same needs and wants and designs a standardized, high quality, reasonably priced product for those segments and markets it as if there are no differences among the country markets. On the other hand, amultinational company operates in a number of countries and adjusts its products and marketing practices for each market. The multinationalcompany has a specific marketing plan and adapts products for eachcountry market. The philosophy for the multinational company is that there are cultural differences among countries that require specific adaptations for those markets. This is contrasted with the global company which sees the entire world, or major regions of it, as a single entity requiring nospecialized adjustments. This distinction may be more myth than fact and reflects Professor Levitt’s opinion.7、Differentiate among the three international marketing concepts.Companies can be described by one of three orientations to international marketing management:1. Domestic Market Expansion Concept2. Multi-Domestic Market Concept3. Global Marketing ConceptIt is expected that differences in the complexity and sophistication of a company’s marketing activity depend on which of these orientations guides its operations.The Domestic Market Extension Concept. The domestic company thatseeks sales extension of its domestic products into foreign marketsillustrates this orientation to international marketing. It views itsinternational operations as secondary to and an extension of its domestic operations. The primary motive is to dispose of excess domestic production.Domestic business is its priority and foreign sales are seen as a profitable extension of domestic operations. While foreign markets may be vigorouslypursued, the orientation remains basically domestic. Its attitude toward international sales is typified by the belief that if it sells in Peoria it will sell anywhere else in the world. Minimal, if any, efforts are made to adapt the marketing mix to foreign markets. The firm’s orientation is to market to foreign customers in the same manner the company markets to domestic customers. It seeks markets where demand is similar to the home market and its domestic product will be acceptable. This Domestic Market Expansion Strategy can be very profitable. Large and small exporting companies approach international marketing from this perspective.Multi-Domestic Market Concept. Once a company recognizes the importance of differences in overseas markets and the importance of offshore business to their organization, its orientation toward international business may shift to a Multi-Domestic Market Strategy. A company guided by this concept has a strong sense that country markets are vastly different (and they may be, depending on the product) and that market success requires an almost independent program for each country. Firms with this orientation market on a country-by-country basis with separate marketing strategies for each country. Subsidiaries operate independently of one another in establishing marketing objectives and plans. The domestic market and each of the country markets have separate marketing mixes with little interaction among them. Products are adapted for each market with minimum coordination with other country markets, advertising campaigns are localized as are the pricing and distribution decisions. A company with this concept does not look for similarity among elements of the marketing mix that might respond to standardization. Rather, it aims for adaptation to local country markets. Control is typically decentralized to reflect the belief that the uniqueness of each market requires local marketing input and control.Global Marketing Concept. A company guided by this new orientation or philosophy is generally referred to as a global company, its marketing activity is global marketing, and its market coverage is the world. A company employing a Global Marketing Strategy strives for efficiencies of scale by developing a standardized product, of dependable quality, to be sold at a reasonable price to a global market (that is, the same country market set throughout the world). Important to the Global Marketing Concept is the premise that world markets are being ―driven toward a converging commonalty‖ that seek much the same ways to satisfy their needs and desires and thus, constitute significant market segments with similar demands for the same product the world over. With this orientation a company attempts to standardize as much of the company effort as is practical on a world-wide basis. Some decisions are viewed as applicable worldwide, while others require consideration of local influences. The world as a whole is viewed as the market and the firm develops a global marketing strategy.9、Discuss the three factors necessary to achieve global awareness.The three factors necessary to achieve global awareness are: 1) objectivity;objective in assessing opportunities, evaluating potential, and responding to problems. Too often mistakes are made because companies are swept away with generalities and make investments only later to find out that their commitment or abilities were not sufficient to succeed, 2) tolerance toward cultural differences; tolerance is understanding cultural differences andaccepting and working with others whose behavior may be different from yours, 3) knowledgeable; knowledgeable about cultures, history, worldmarket potentials, and global economy and social trends is critical for aperson to be culturally aware. To be successfully in international business and globally aware, a person needs to keep abreast of the enormouschanges occurring throughout the world. The 21st century will usher ingreat change and opportunities. The knowledgeable marketer will identify those opportunities long before it becomes evident to others.10、Define and discuss the idea of global orientation.A global orientation means operating as if all the country markets in acompany’s scope of operations (including domestic market) areapproachable as a single global market and to standardize the marketing mix where culturally feasible and cost effective or to adapt the marketing mix where culturally required and cost effective. A global orientation does not mean to follow a single strategy of standardization without regard for cultural differences nor does it imply that the marketing effort must beadapted to every cultural difference. Instead, it means looking for market segments with similar demands that can be satisfied with the same product, standardizing the components of the marketing mix that can bestandardized, and, where there are significant cultural differences thatrequire parts of the marketing mix to be culturally adapted, adapting.Chapter 2:2. The Tokyo Round of GATT has emphasized the reduction of nontariff barriers. How does the Uruguay Round differ? 东京回合关贸总协定强调非关税壁垒的减少。
三管轮英语面试终结版(分五部分)
高级船员英语面试培训资料Greetings} Relax & being polite} Pay attention to your body language} Eye contactSorry, I beg your pardon.Sorry, would you please repeat your question?Sorry, are you talking about my …?Or just look confused.What can you tell me about yourself?Can you make a short self-introduction about yourself?Can you briefly introduce yourself?这个问题并不是要你大谈你的历史，雇主是在寻找有关于你的性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索。
1 你在学校里有哪些非常显著的成绩。
要突出自己的亮点。
2 可以在这一部分中间介绍你的一些优势。
比如你是一个非常好的co-operator ，非常擅长于和其他人进行沟通交流。
或者你非常的hard-working ，非常擅长接受新的技术和新的思想。
} Name} Date and place of birth} Education background} Family background} Hobbies and interests} PersonalitiesIt is really my honor to have this opportunity for an interview, I hope I can make a good performance today. I'm confident that I can succeed.Now I will introduce myself briefly. My name is…my English name is… I am ….. years old, born in Liaocheng.（相关单词：surname, family name, first name, given name, last name,~ gave me this name because he expects me to become a useful person to the society.）I graduated from Thinkbank. During the school time, I spent most of my time on study (so that I have acquired basic knowledge of my major. In the school I also assisted my teacher with doing some programming project.)(科目词汇：English, philosophy, politics, mathematics, geography, history, physics, chemistry) Besides that, I also paid much attention to cultivate my other abilities. I have once been elected as monitor of my class and I arranged my class very well. This experience taught me what is called Team. Also it told me how to be an arranger of a team and how to co-operator with others. I think this kind of ability is very important for me.(补充词汇：passionate, enthusiasm, cooperation, persistence, optimistic, confidence, hard work, easy-going, creative, patient)I am a hardworking person , and I won‟t stop work until I get my task done. I am very willing to learn. As an worker, I must make sure that I am keeping up with the latest technology in my field. So I spend most of my spare time reading magazines like programmer, or looking for informationonline. I believe with my determination and perseverance, nothing can stop me from improving myself.I think I'm a good team player and I'm a person of great honesty to others. Also I am able to work under great pressure.That‟s all. Thank you for giving me the chance.Family background: peasants, businessman, teachers, government officials, workers, lawyers Although my parents …, they have taught me the value of being honest, brave and true. Hobbies: listening to music (folk, pop, Jazz, rock & roll, classic), playing basketball, football, volleyball…, reading books, play musical instruments, calligraphyWhy are you interested in working for our company?Why do you want to work for/join us?Because your operations are global, so I feel I can gain the most from working in this kind of environment.Your company is a leader in this field. I‟m sure that working for you can h elp to complete my self-realization; in the meantime, I strongly believe that I can make my own contributions to your company.Because I can learn new things in your company, at the same time I can offer my services to you.In what specific ways will our company benefit from hiring you?Why should I hire you?Your company will benefit from gaining a young, energetic, bright person.I‟m equipped with the challenges and opportunities I may face in the future. So, I am confident that I can do the job.What do you consider to be your strong points?What are your greatest strengths/advantages/strong points优势?I can see what needs to be done and do it.I'm willing to make decisions.I work well with others. I am a very good co-operator.I can organize my time efficientlyI am very proud of my sense of responsibility.I am very willing to learn .What do you consider to be your weak points/disadvantages/ greatest weakness 劣势?What are your greatest weaknesses?I probably will need someone to tell me when I should eat.I like to see a job done quickly, and I‟m critical if it isn't.I think my disadvantage is that my English is not so good. So if I have the chance to work in your company, I should study English harder to make some progress to meet your needs.Are you sure you have the qualifications for this job?Why do you think you are qualified for this position?What makes you think you would be a success in this position?This job is exactly what I want to do, and I have carefully checked to be sure that I have the potential and skills for it.My graduate school training combined with my internship should qualify me for this particular job.I am sure I will be successful.How do you spend your free time?Mention sports or cultural activities you enjoy. However, if you participate in an extracurricular activity that might be seen negatively by the employer, do not discuss it.I use my leisure time to exercise so that I maintain my energy for my work. I also like basketball very much ,because in this game team players should co –operate with others very well to win it.I like reading. As an It worker, I must make sure that I am keeping up with the latest technology in my field. So I spend most of my spare time reading magazines like programmer, or looking for information online.What interests you most about the job?I like this job because it uses both my enthusiasm and knowledge.This job is the logical continuation of the past seven years I have spent as a …. (mention a title or activity)This job interests me because of the tasks involved; your company interests me because of its strategy and values.This job corresponds to what I have been interested in for a long time: a good balance between short-and long-term activities.What are the things that bore you the most?To have to do the same thing over and over.Inflexible and narrow-minded people.To stay in one place and do nothing; to have the feeling I am not progressing.I do not like the feeling that I am not progressing and wasting my time.How do you react when you realize you have made a mistake?I study the consequences and then react.I pause to analyze the situation and then take corrective steps.I assume my responsibility and get back to work again.I ask for the opinions and advice of friends and co-workers.I discuss the situation with my supervisor and develop a strategy so I don‟t repeat my mistake.What kind of salary are you seeking?What kind of salary did you have in mind?What are your salary expectations?Why don't we discuss salary after you decide whether I'm right for the job?Can you discuss your salary range with me?I‟ll consider the best offer you can make.I expect to be paid according to my abilities.I would expect the standard rate of pay at your company for a person with my experiences and educational background.Shall we discuss my responsibilities with your company first? I think salary is closely related to the responsibilities of the job.With my experiences, I'd like to start at RMB4000 a month.Have you ever worked with a difficult person?What type of people do you prefer to work with?Yes. It stimulates me.Yes, several times. It is then very important to clarify objectives and responsibilities.Not yet. I don‟t think I attract them, or I just don't perceive t hem that way.Yes, sometimes. But I think the principle is very important. If you can always stick to your principles, maybe this problem is not hard to solve.Can you manage English conversation?Do you think you can make yourself understood in English?How many languages do you speak?How is your language ability?Do you speak a foreign language?What…s your second language in addition to Chinese?I: Our advertisement says English competence is a key requirement of this position. Then how do you think of your proficiency in written and spoken English?A: I have learned English for 10 years, and I have passed college entrance exam with the score 120 on English. My spoken English is fairly good enough to express myself fluently.Although my English is not good enough now, I am sure, with my hard work and persistence, I can improve it as soon as possible.The interview is over. Do you have any questions?1. Thank you. I think that we have covered everything.2. Everything has been covered as far as I‟m co ncerned.3. Yes. Would you please tell me …?船员基础英语RANKS OF SHIP‟S CREW(船员职务)Crew 船员Captain（Master）船长Chief officer, chief mate, first mate大副Second Chief, second mate二副Third officer, third mate三副Assistant officer驾助RADIO OFFICER（RADIO 报务员OPERATOR WIRELESS OPERATOR）PURSER (CHIEF PURSER) 管事事物长CLERK 事物员BOATSW AIN OR BOSUN 水手长CASSAB 副水手长QUARTERMASTER 舵工COXSWAIN 舵工艇长Able Seaman 全能水手一水A.B.(Able Bodied Seaman) 全能水手E. D.H. D.H.U. 全能水手O.S.(Ordinary Seaman) 普通水手二水Seaman marine普通水手海员Deck boy 甲板员Engineer 轮机员chief engineer 轮机长大车老轨second engineer 大管轮二车二轨third engineer 二管轮三车三轨fourth engineer 三管轮四车四轨Assistant engineer 轮助Mechanic 机工Fireman 生火Cleaner OR Wiper 清洁工1、三管轮的职责是什么？（1）负责甲板机械（如起锚机、绞缆机和起货机）和油水分离器、焚烧炉的日常维护。
英语面试ppt
1. I like this job because it uses both my enthusiasm and knowledge.
2. This job is the logical continuation of the past seven years I have spent as a …. (mention a title or activity)
1. I can see what needs to be done and do it. 2. I'm willing to make decisions. 3. I work well with others. I am a very good
co-operator. 4. I can organize my time efficiently 5. I am very proud of my sense of
Why are you interested in working for our company?
Why do you want to work for us?
Because your operations are global, so I feel I can gain the most from working in this kind of environment.
3. I like reading . As an It worker, I must make sure that I am keeping up with the latest technology in my field. So I spend most of my spare time reading magazines like programmer, or looking for information online.
Global Mind set
5
In your shoes!!!
Do we place ourselves in other people’s shoes to understand situations? Think of an example when you have been involved in such a situation!!!
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Global Mindset important
“If you get the insight right, there will be a universal market and not just a rural or urban market”. S. Gupta, CEO, Coca Cola India.
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Kenichi Ohmae and The Global Face
“Maintaining a corporate identity in a global environment is different…most important is a system of values that all employees in all countries and regions unquestionably actakes
Reebok discontinued a line of women’s shoes called Incubus as it referred to a demon that attacks women in their sleep Electrolux discontinued the use of its Scandinavian slogan in the US “Nothing sucks like an Electrolux” Chinese auto spare parts company stopped using its literally translated name in the US – “White Elephant Auto Parts”
2008年6月大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案
2008年6月大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案Part Ⅰ(30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上Part ⅡReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1 For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D. For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.What will the world be like in fifty years?This week some top scientists, including Nobel Prize winners, gave their vision of how the world will look in 2056,fron gas-powered cars to extraordinary health advances, John Ingham reports on what the world‟s finest minds believe our futures will be.For those of us lucky enough to live that long,2056 will be a world of almost perpetual youth, where obesity is a remote memory and robots become our companions.We will be rubbing shoulders with aliens and colonizing outer space. Better still, our descendants might at last live in a world at peace with itself.The prediction is that we will have found a source of inexbaustible, safe, green energy, and that science will have killed off religion. If they are right we will have removed two of the main causes of war-our dependence on oil and religious prejudice.Will we really, as today‟s scientists claim, be able to live for ever or at least cheat the ageing process so that the average person lives to 150?Of course, all these predictions come with a scientific health warning. Harvard professor Steven Pinker sa ys: “This is an invitation to look foolish, as with the predictions of domed cities and nuclear-powered vacuum cleaners that were made 50 year ago.”Living longerAnthony Atala, director of the Wake Forest Institute in North Carolina, belives failing organs will be repaired by injecting cells into the body. They will naturally to straight to the injury and help heal it. A system of injections without needles could also slow the ageing process by using the same process to “tune” cells.Bruce Lahn, professor of human genetics at the University of Chicago, anticipates the ability to produce“unlimited supplies” of transplantable human organs without the needed a new organ, such as kidney, the surgeon would contact a commercial organ producer, give him the patien t‟s immuno-logical profile and would then be sent a kidney with the correct tissue type.These organs would be entirely composed of human cells, grown by introducing them into animal hosts, and alloweing them to deveoop into and organ in place of the anima l‟s own. But Prof. Lahn believes that farmed brains would be “off limits”.He says: “Very few people would want to have their brains replaced by someone else‟s and we probably don‟t want to put a human brain ing an animal body.”Richard Miller, a professor at the University of Michigan, thinks scientist could develop“an thentic anti-ageing drugs” by working out how cells in larger animals such as whales and human resist many forms of injuries. He says:“It‟s is now routine, in laboratory mammals, to extend lifespan by about 40%. Turning on the same protective systems in people should, by 2056, create the first class of 100-year-olds who are as vigorous and productive as today‟s people in their 60s”AliensConlin Pillinger ,professor of planerary sciences at th e Open University,says:”I fancy that at least we will be able to show that life didi start to evolve on Mars well as Earth.”Within50years he hopes scientists will prove that alien life came here in Martian meteorites(陨石). Chris McKay,a planetary scientist at NASA‟s Ames Research Center.believes that in 50 years we may find evidence of alien life in ancient permanent forst of Mars or on other planers. He adds:”There is even a chance we will find alien life forms here on Earth.It mightbe as different as English is to Chinese.Priceton professor Freeman Dyson thinks it “likely” that life form outer space will be discovered defore 2056 because the tools for finding it, such as optical and radio detection and data processing,are improving.He ays:”As soon as the first evidence is found,we will know what to look for and additional discoveries are likely to follow quickly.Such discoveries are likely to have revolutionary consequences for biology, astronomy and philosophy. They may change the way we look at ourselves and our place in the universe.Colonies in spaceRichard Gottprofessor of astrophysics at Princeton,hopes man will set up a self-sufficient colony on Mars,which would be a “life insurance policy against whatever catastrophes,natural or otherwise,might occur on Earth.“The real space race is whether we will colonise off Earth on to other worlds before money for the space programme runs out.”Spinal injuriesEllen Heber-Katz,a professor at the Wistar Institude in Philadelphia,foresees cures for inijuries causing paralysis such as the one that afflicated Superman star Christopher Reeve. She says:”I believe that the day is not far off when we will be able to profescribe drugs that cause severes(断裂的) spinal cords to heal,hearts to regenerate and lost limbs to regrow.“People will come to expect that injured or diseased organs are meant to be repaired from within,inmuch the same way that we fix an appliance or automobile:by replancing the damaged part with a manufacturer-certified new part.”She predict that withi n 5 to 10 years fingers and toes will be regrown and limbs will start to be regrown a few years later. Reparies to the nervous system will start with optic nerves and,in time,the spinal cord.”Within 50years whole body replacement will be routine,”Prof.Hebe r-Katz adds.ObesitySydney Brenner,senior distinguished fellow of the Crick-Jacobs Center in California,won the 2002 Noblel Prize for Medicine and says that if there is a global disaster some humans will survive-and evolition will favour small people with bodies large enough to support the required amount of brain power.”Obesity,”he says.”will have been solved.”RobotsRodney Brooks,professor of robotice at MIT,says the problems of developing artificial intelligence for robots will be at least partly overc ome.As a result,”the possibilities for robots working with people will open up immensely”EnergyBill Joy,green technology expert in Califomia,says:”The most significant breakthrought would be to have an inexhaustible source of safe,green energy that is substantially cheaper than any existing energy source.”Ideally,such a source would be safe in that it could not be made into weapons and would not make hazardous or toxic waste or carbon dioxide,the main greenhouse gas blamed for global warming.SocietyGe offrey Miller,evolutionary psychologist at the University of New Mexico,says:”The US will follow the UKin realizing that religion is nor a prerequisite (前提)for ordinary human decency. “This,science will kill religion-not by reason challenging faith but by offering a more practical,uniwersal and rewarding moral frameworkfor human interaction.”He also predicts that “ahsurdly wasteful”displays of wealth will become umfashionable while the importance of close-knit communities and families will become clearer.These there changer,he says,will help make us all”brighe\ter,wiser,happier and kinder”.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
全球化的利弊
全球化的利弊Document serial number【UU89WT-UU98YT-UU8CB-UUUT-UUT108】Globalization is a new term that has found a significant place in the lives of the people. By globalization, we mean shedding down the walls of distrust and the barriers of suspicion in between countries, to make a bridge where ideas and beliefs can cross the borders. Though globalization today primarily covers the economical side, the impact is not limited to the economy only. It actually affects every aspect of life, like cultural, social, psychological and of course, political. While globalization is seen as a sign of a hopeful future by some, there are others who believe that it can cause tremendous disaster for the world economy. Read on to find the pros and cons of globalization.?Pros Of Globalization?With globalization, there is a global market for companiesto trade their products and a wider range of options forpeople, to choose from among the products of differentnations. ?Developing countries benefit a lot from globalization, asthere is a sound flow of money and thus, a decrease inthe currency difference.To meet the increasing demands that follow globalization,there is an increase in the production sector. This givesloads of options to the manufacturers as well.Competition keeps prices relatively low, and as a result,inflation is less likely to occur.The focus is diverted and segregated among all the nations.No country remains the single power head; instead thereare compartmentalized power sectors. The decisions athigher levels are meant for the people at large. ?Communication among the countries is on the rise, whichallows for better understanding and broader vision.As communication increases amongst two countries, there isinterchange of cultures as well. We get to know moreabout the other's cultural preferences.As we feed to each other's financial needs, the ecologicalimbalance is also meted out. Governments of countriesshow concern about each other.?Cons Of Globalization?Globalization is causing Europeans to lose their jobs aswork is being outsourced to the Asian countries. The costof labor in the Asian countries is low as compared toother countries.The high rate of profit for the companies, in Asia, hasresulted in a pressure on the employed Europeans, who arealways under the threat of the business being outsourced.Companies are as opening their counterparts in othercountries. This results in transferring the quality oftheir product to other countries, thereby increasing thechances of depreciation in terms of quality.There are experts who believe that globalization is thecause for the invasion of communicable diseases andsocial degeneration in countries.The threat that the corporates would rule the world is onhigh, as there is a lot of money invested by them.It is often argued that poor countries are exploited bythe richer countries where the work force is takenadvantage of and low wages are implemented.Simply put, is an ongoing process of integration of regional economies into global network of communication and execution. Let me explain this a bit. Assume that you are a mango farmerin India and you grow very good quality mangoes over there. Obviously, your fruit is highly appreciated in India, but youalso know that you shall get a better value in US. So the network of communication and execution that allows you to sell your fruit in US is basically, the phenomenon of globalization. (At least the Indian farmer is happy about advantages of globalization in India, he is earning a quick buck.) The advantages and disadvantages of globalization in India and other developing countries are very profound. Read more on .Globalization: Advantages and DisadvantagesInstead of giving a few pointers here and a few pointers there, explanation on these concepts should do more justice to the subject. Have a look at the followingAdvantages and Disadvantages of Global MarketingThere has to be operational differences between various companies in different countries. What I mean to say is, a car manufacturer of UK will manufacture a car with a different operation than a car manufacturer in Italy (for example Jaguar and Ferrari). Both are trying to take advantage of the operational difference that they have between them. And both companies are trying to sell a car in America for a greatervalue. So if you want your product to have an appeal on aglobal scale, then obviously, marketing on a global scale is required.Advantages of Global MarketingLower Marketing Costs: If you are toconsider lump-some cost then, yes, itis high, but the same cost even goeseven higher if the company has tomarket a product differently in everycountry that it is selling.Global Scope: Scope of this kind ofmarketing is so large that it becomes aunique experience.Brand image Consistency: Globalmarketing allows you to have aconsistent image in every region thatyou choose to market.Quick and Efficient Use of Ideas: Aglobal entity is able to use amarketing idea and mould it into astrategy to implement on a global scale.Uniformity in Marketing Practices: Aglobal entity can keep some degree ofuniformity in marketing through out theworld.Disadvantages of Global MarketingInconsistency in Consumer Needs:American consumer will be differentfrom the South African. Globalmarketing should be able to addressthat.Consumer Response Inconsistency:Consumer in one country may reactdifferently than a consumer in anothercountry.Country Specific Brand and Product: AJapanese might like a product to have atraditional touch, where as an Americanmight like to add a retro modern lookto it. In this case, a global strategyis difficult to device.The Laws of the Land Have to beConsidered: Original company policiesmay be according to the laws of homecountries. The overseas laws may beconflicting in these policies.Infrastructural Differences:Infrastructure may be hampering theprocess in one country and acceleratingin another. Global strategy cannot beconsistent in such a scenario. Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization in Developing CountriesOverall has been a big boon for the developing countries, but there are a few who say that it has been a curse. Let us take a look at both these aspects of globalization.The AdvantagesGDP Increase: If the statistics are anyindication, GDP of the developingcountries have increased twice as muchas before.Percapita Income Increase: The wealthhas had a trickling effect on the poor.The average income has increased tothrice as much.Unemployment is Reduced: This fact isquite evident when you look atcountries like India and China.Education has Increased: Globalizationhas been a catalyst to the jobs thatrequire higher skill set. This demandallowed people to gain higher education.Competition on Even Platform: Thecompanies all around the world arecompeting on a single global platform.This allows better options to consumers. The DisadvantagesUneven Distribution of Wealth: Wealthis still concentrated in the hands of afew individuals and a common man in adeveloping country is yet to see anymajor benefits of globalization.Income Gap Between Developed andDeveloping Countries: Wealth ofdeveloped countries continues to growtwice as much as the developing world.Different Wage Standards for DevelopingCountries: A technology worker may getmore value for his work in a developedcountry than a worker in a developingcountry.Reversal of Globalization: In future,factors such as war may demand thereversal of the globalization (asevident in inter world war years),current process of globalization mayjust be impossible to reverse. You canalso like to read more on . Globalization is a commonly used term to represent the dissemination of practices, notions and technologies across the globe. Nations are also looking at a free economy with a free market for goods and services. This has brought forth de-localization and rise in themultinational corporations. There are both pros and cons for globalization.More Liquidity in Capital and Reduced Financial Risk Globalization implies free trade, and free trade involves an increased cash flow. When the financial flow increases, redistribution of capital takes place and thus there is more liquidity in capital. In post-globalization, thefinancial institutions and markets have a wide reach that creates a capability to disperse the risk more extensively than before. One major advantage of globalization is that the investors have the privilege to take only thefinancial risk they wish to.Economical AdvantageGlobalization involves de-localization, which means that most of the activities of a business are now done across distances. The multinationals hire their workforce from overseas so as to obtain inexpensive labor. This leads to higher employment rate in the developing countries, thus improving their economies. The investors can also invest money in the developing countries. Therefore, the flow ofcommunications is increased across the globe, which inturn brings forth economic advantage. In other words,globalization allows an increased flow of communication across the world, which ensures sharing of indispensable information between individuals and the organizations.This use of technology in communication saves time, which in turn saves money for the corporations. Thus, themultinational can become profitable by the use of the new means of communication. Besides, globalization provides speedy of goods as well as people. This in turn brings forth obvious economic advantage for the corporations. Interdependability etween NationsThe disadvantages of globalization are closely linked to its advantages. The interdependability between nations can work as an advantage and a disadvantage. The problem is that if one nation suffers from economic disruptions, it is most likely that all other dependent nations are also affected. Thus, the risks become more global. UnemploymentThe multinationals usually look out for making profits.The developing nations have good workforces that are notonly skilled but also cheap. So there would be anincreased flow of both skilled and non-skilled jobs fromthe developing nations to the developed nations. This isnot good for the developed nations because there arechances for unemployment in the developed nations wherethe multinational would have previously held its operation. 经济全球化的利弊分析：应当承认，世界经济全球化的进程才刚刚起步，它给各国经济和整个世界经济带来的影响还难以预料，但是有一点是非常明确的，即经济全球化是一把“双刃剑”。
全球化利弊的英文辩论
全球化利弊的英文辩论第一篇：全球化利弊的英文辩论周：全球化利大于弊丁：全球化弊大于利立论陈词：正方：大家好我方认为全球化利大于弊全球化可以解释为世界的压缩和视全球为一个整体。
就全球化的必然性而言随着当今世界联系的越来越紧密全球化已经成为不可忽视的一个趋势就全球化的必要性而言全球化有利于每个国家之间的交流和发展所以我认为全球化利大于弊反方：大家好，对方辩友你好，对于您的观点我方完全无法同意，我方认为，全球化弊大于利，您所谓利于国家间的交流与发展，但是国家间的交流与发展本身就有一个利弊的两面性，难道您无视了全球化下国家间的贫富差距吗？难道您看不到全球化下的政治经济冲突吗？这都是全球化下存在的现实问题，所以，我方坚持认为，全球化弊大于利。
自由辩论：正方：全球化带动着知识经济的发展，使经济资源概念的外延不断扩大，不仅自然财富是经济资源，精神财富同样也是带动国家经济发展的资源，而且是越来越重要的资源。
1998年夏季，美国迪斯尼公司推出的影片《花木兰》，就借用中国的传说故事表现美国的文化理念。
所以全球化可以加强各国文化的交流。
反方：对方辩友，第一，我觉得作为一个国人，您对于美国利用中国的文化聚敛财富一事居然如此欣赏，我实在佩服，尽管它确实有起到一些文化交流的作用，但您么觉得电影上映之后国内最激烈的反应不是欣赏而是愤恨吗？像当初的功夫熊猫一样。
有一点跑题。
但我想告诉您的是，我丝毫没有否定您所说的全球化的益处，但它确实弊大于利。
第二，最重要的一点，我觉得您应该重新审视一下全球化这个词，经济全球化只是全球化的一部分，您却将它等同于了全球化。
请您作出解释！正方：好的对方辩友经济全球化是全球化中的一个主要方面全球化使得各国、各地区之间的经济联系更加紧密，世界越来越成为一个整体，促进全球生产力的增长；有利于借助国际合作从而更好地应对当前人类面临的共同问题；有利于发达国家获得更大的销售、投资和劳动力市场；对于广大发展中国家，可以借助资源、经验求得发展。
精读三unit9GlobalizationsDualPower中英对译
精读三unit9GlobalizationsDualPower中英对译Globalization's Dual Power1. At the edge of a new century, globalization is a double-edged sword: a powerful vehicle that raises economic growth, spreads new technology and increases living standards in rich and poor countries alike, but also an immensely controversial process that assaults national sovereignty, erodes local culture and tradition and threatens economic and social instability.在新世纪即将到来之际，全球化是一把双刃剑：它不仅仅是富国和穷国促进经济增长、传播新技术、提高生活水平的一种强有力的手段，还是一个颇具争议的过程，这一过程会侵犯国家主权，侵蚀本土的文化传统，并且威胁到经济与社会稳定。
2. A daunting question of the 21st century is whether nations will control this great upheaval or whether it will come to control them.21世纪所面临的一个令人畏惧的问题是：究竟是各个国家将控制这一剧变，还是这一剧变将控制它们。
3. In some respects globalization is merely a trendy word for an old process. What we call the market is simply the joining of buyers and sellers, producers and consumers, and savers and investors. Economic history consists largely of the story of the market's expansion: from farm to town, from region to nation and from nation to nation. In the 20th century, the Depression and two world wars retarded the market's growth. But after World War II ended, it reaccelerated, driven by political pressures and better technology.在某些方面，全球化只不过是一个用来形容一种由来已久的过程的时髦词。
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States, it had little to lose and much to gain. Goodyear, on the other hand, would sacrifice margins in its largest market. Goodyear ultimately struck back in Europe, throwing a wrench in Michelin's money machine. Goodyear was proposing a hostage trade. Michelin's long-term goals and resources allowed it to push ahead in the United States. But at least Goodyear slowed the pace of Michelin's attack and forced it to recalculate the cost of market share gains in the United States. Its strategy recognized the international scope of competition and parried Michelin's thrust. Manufacturers have played out this pattern of cross-subsidization and international retaliation in the chemical, audio aircraft engine and computer industries. In each case international cash flows, rather than international product flows, scale economies, or homogeneous markets, finally determined whether competition was global or national. (For a detailed explanation of crosssubsidization, see the ruled insert on pages 42—43.) The Goodyear vs. Michelin case helps to distinguish among: H Global competition, which occurs when companies crosssubsidize national market-share battles in pursuit of global brand and distribution positions. U Global businesses, in which the minimum volume required for cost efficiency is not available in the company's home market. H Global companies, which have distribution systems in key foreign markets that enable cross-subsidization, international retaliation and world-scale volume. Making a distinction between global competition and a global business is important. In traditionally global businesses, protectionism and fiexible manufacturing technologies are encouraging a shift back to local manufacturing. Yet competition remains global. Companies must distinguish between cost effectiveness based on off-shore sourcing and world-scale plants, on the one hand, and competitive effectiveness based on the ability to retaliate in competitors' key markets, on the other. Identifying the target Understanding how the global game is played is only the first step in challenging the foreign competitor. While the pattern of cross36 THE McKINSEY QUARTERLY
Do you really have a global strategy?
Gary Hamel and C. K. Prahalad
In responding to the onslaught of Far Eastern competitors, many companies have miscalculated both the timing and the workability of their strategies, this article argues - in part because they don't really understand the dynamics of global competition. The authors' analysis suggests a strategy based on a new approach to valuing market share, on the ability to discern the long-run strategies behind competitors' current tactics, and on a clear-cut distinction between global competitors, global businesses and global companies. The threat of foreign competition preoccupies managers in industries from telecommunications to commercial banking and from machine tools to consumer electronics. Corporate response to the threat is often misdirected and ill timed — in part because many executives don't fully understand what global competition is. They haven't received much help from the latest analysis of this trend. One argument simply emphasizes the scale and learning effects that transcend national boundaries and provide cost advantages to companies selling to the world market.^ Another holds that world products offer customers the twin benefits of low cost and high quality - incentives for foreign customers to lay aside culture-bound product preferences.^ According to both of these arguments, US organizations should "go global" when they can no longer get the minimum volume needed for cost efficiency at home and when international markets permit standardized marketing approaches. If, on the other hand, they can fully exploit scale benefits at home and their international export markets are dissimilar, US executives can safely adopt the traditional, country-by-country multinational approach. So while Caterpillar views its battle with Komatsu in global terms, CPC Interna' References appear on pagEY QUARTERLY
tional and Unilever may safely consider their foreign operations multidomestic. After studying the experiences of some of the most successful global competitors, we have become convinced that the current perspective on global competition and the globalization of markets is incomplete and misleading. Analysts are long on exhortation — "go international" — but short on practical guidance. Combine these shortcomings with the prevailing notion that global success demands a national industrial policy, a docile workforce, debt-heavy financing and forbearing investors, and you can easily understand why many executives feel they are only treading water in the rising tide of global competition. World-scale manufacturing may provide the necessary armament, and government support may be a tactical advantage, but winning the war against global competition requires a broader view of global strategy. We will present a new framework for assessing the nature of the worldwide challenge, use it to analyze one particular industry, and offer our own practical guidelines for success. Thrust and parry As a starting point, consider what drives global competition. It begins with a sequence of competitive action and reaction: H An aggressive competitor decides to use the cash flow generated in its home market to subsidize an attack on markets of domestically oriented foreign competitors. j[ The defensive competitor then retaliates - not in its home market where the attack was staged - but in foreign markets where the aggressor company is most vulnerable.^ As an example, consider the contest between Goodyear and Michelin. By today's definitions, the tire industry is not global. Most tire companies manufacture in and distribute for the local market. Yet Michelin, Goodyear and Firestone are now locked in a fiercely competitive - and very global - battle. In the early 1970s, Michelin used its strong European profit base to attack Goodyear's American home market. Goodyear could fight back in the United States by reducing prices, increasing advertising, or offering dealers better margins. But because Michelin would expose only a small amount of its worldwide business in the United