高考英语 阅读微技能训练 篇章结构题(2)
高考英语复习专题阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题
专题7 阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题班级姓名学号分数（测试时间：45分钟）1.The production of coffee beans is a huge，profitable business，but，unfortunately，fullsun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shad egrown p roduction to fullsun production endangers the very existence of，certain animals and birds，and even disturbs the world's ecological balance.On a local level，the damage of the forest required by fullsun fields affects the area's birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物种) that depend on the trees' flowers and fruits.Fullsun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result，many species are quickly dying out.On a more global level，the destru ction of the rainforest for fullsun coffee fields also threatens(威胁)human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life，and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition，new coffeegrow ing techniq ues are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater.Both locally and globally, the continued spread of fullsun coffee plantations(种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate，and studies show that the loss of o xygengiving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover，the new growing techniq ues are contributing to acidic(酸性的) soil conditions.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life，from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shadegrown coffee whenever possible，although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?【推理关系】题干Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?☞文章内容本文的第一段提出观点，其后的第二、三、四段分别从不同角度进行具体论证，最后一段是总结段。
2019-2020年高考英语 阅读微技能训练 篇章结构题(2)
2019-2020年高考英语阅读微技能训练篇章结构题(2)A mon enough remark is that speed reading takes the joy out of reading. However, is this entirely fair? To answer this, we need to look at some of the reasons why we need speed reading.It should always be in your mind that speed reading is a skill. Actually, it is adopted in certain situations and it's not always necessarily a skill you need to apply every time you read something.An example, if you are in bed reading the latest novel, it is unlikely that you are going to read fast. The reason： first, you have spent money on it； second, because the atmosphere in which to read is one of relaxation and taking things easy. If we now change the scene to one where we are reading the latest financial report from a pany, even if we are doing this in bed, the environment has changed. The need and reason why we read in these two scenes is not the same. In the former we relax in fort. In the latter we are in a professional way. Clearly in the latter, where we want to be done with the reading and off to sleep, we can adapt our speed reading skills and in the former we may choose not to. In other words, speed reading skill is a “horses for courses”skill. Apply them at times when you need to read something really fast, but not when you don't need to.Furthermore, as your retention(记忆) rates are usually better with speed reading, it is often a good idea that you speed reading at times when you have a special need to understand and retain the information. It is far more likely that understanding and retaining the information in the financial report is go-ing to be more beneficial to you, so use your speed reading skills at this time so that you can increase your chances of understanding and retaining.As you can see then, having the ability to be able to speed reading will al-low you the choice of reading faster, or slower. It's about having choices.1.What does “horses for courses” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Changing behavior and attitudes towards reading.B. Applying speed reading according to the situation.C. Using advanced skills in reading difficult materials.D. Reading attentively without being interrupted.2.In paragraph 3, how does the author try to make readers accept his opinion?A. By using figures.B. By telling stories.C. By setting up examples.D. By asking questions.3.What idea is presented in Paragraph 4 ？A. Speed reading is a special need in increasing reading chances.B. Readers will remember more information with speed reading.C. Reading more financial reports is more beneficial to readers.D. Retention rates are usually better when reading novels.4.The article is written to________.A. argue that speed reading is readers' choiceB. present the characteristics of speed readingC. persuade readers to do speed readingD. show how to do speed readingWe can offer you a place at one of the best universities in Britain. We'll provide you with a choice of 150 first class courses developed especially to enable you to study in your own time, backed by the Open University's own special study method — OU supported open learning.We'll give you the support of a personal teacher, and the chance to meet your fellow students. You can take one-off courses, diplomas’ a degree or a postgraduate degree. Subjects available include ： puting, Business Man-agement ,Technology, Modern languages, Social Sciences, English Law, Arts, Science, Mathematics, Education and Health Social Welfare.Whether you want to study to improve your jobs or for your own personal interests, there's almost certainly a course for you. If you haven't studied for a while, we'll help you get started. No previous training or degrees are required ；you just need a lively power of learning and a willingness to learn. It's real value for money and you can pay by monthly payments.Open University course materials are of the highest quality and e in a variety of forms including video and audio tapes as well as texts. The OU leads the world in its use of new technology for learning. A number of courses provide source materials on CD ROM. What else can the Open University offer you? The best way to find out is to visit our website or phone us today.OU hotline(24 hours): 0870 9000 301Website: open. ac. uk/advert* The OU is in the top 15% of all UK universities for teaching quality.* 25% of all British MBAs e from the OU.* Over 303, 000 employers have offered chances to their staff on OU courses.* 40, 000 OU students are online from home.* There are 9 month courses and new diplomas as well as degrees.* AMBA Accredited. ______________5.This aim of the advertisement is to________.A. sell teaching materialsB. introduce the Open UniversityC. attract studentsD. offer job opportunities6.The Open University can supply you with______.A. a lively power of learningB. different kinds of coursesC. chances to find good jobsD. supports from teachers and students7.What is the greatest advantage of open learning?A. Freedom to manage your own time.B. No experience needed.C. Different forms of course materials.D. Good teaching quality.8.The advertisement is made believable by_______.9.A. asking questionsB. presenting factsC. making parisonsD. telling stories(C)It is monly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. However, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The difference between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole world of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a respected grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a well-known scientist. While schooling tries something that can be predicted, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from babies on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral (不可或缺的) part of one's life.Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at about the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their munities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.10.What does the author probably mean by “children interrupt education to go toschool”?A. The more years students go to school, the worse their education is.B. People are engaged in education the whole life.C. Children go to school just to make trouble.D. Schooling is not educationally beneficial.11.The phrase “For example” in the last paragraph introduces a sentence thatgives examples of______.A. the slices of reality that are to be learnedB. the result of schoolingC. limitations of classroom teachingD. the similarities of all schools12.Which of the following conclusions does the passage support?A. Without formal education, people would remain ignorant.B. Education systems need to be thoroughly reformed.C. Education involves many years of petence training.D. Going to school is only part of one's education.13.The passage is written in the way of_________.A. contrasting the meaning of two related wordsB. giving examples of different kinds of educationC. listing and discussing several educational problemsD. providing facts to support an argument(D)Lying in the sun on a rock, the cougar(美洲狮) saw Jeb and his son, Tom before they saw it. Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands, making himself look big to the cougar. It worked. The cougar hesitated, ready to attack Jeb, but ready to forget the whole thing, too.Jeb let go of his jacket, grasped Tom and held him across his body, making a cross. Now the cougar's enemy looked even bigger, and it rose up, ready to move away, but unfortunately Tom got scared and struggled free of Jeb.“Tom, no, “shouted his father.But Tom broke and ran and that's the last thing you do with a cougar. The second Tom broke free, Jeb threw himself on the cougar, just as it jumped from the rock. They hit each other in mid-air and both fell. The cougar was on Jeb in a flash, forgetting about Tom, which was what Jeb wanted.Cougars are not as big as most people think and a determined man stands a chance, even with just his fists. As the cougar's claws got into his left shoulder, Jeb swung his fist at its eyes and hit hard. The animal howled and put its head back. Jeb followed up with his other fist. Then out of the corner of his eye. Jeb saw Tom. The boy was running back to help his father.“Knife, Tom,” shouted Jeb.The boy ran to his father's bag, while Jeb started shouting as well as hit-ting, to keep the cougar's attention away from Tom. Tom got the knife and ran over to Jeb. The cougar was moving its head in and out, trying to find a way through the wall Jeb was making out of his arms. Tom swung with the knife, into the cougar's back. It howled horribly and ran off into the mountains.The whole fight had taken about thirty seconds.14.Why did Jeb pull his jacket open when he saw the cougar?A. To get ready to fight.B. To frighten it away.C. To protect the boy.D. To cool down.15.What do we know about cougars?A. They are afraid of noises.B. They hesitate before they hit.C. They are bigger than we think.D. They like to attack running people.16.How did Jeb try to hold the cougar's attention?A. By keeping shouting and hitting.B. By making a wall out of his arms.C. By throwing himself on the cougar.D. By swinging his fists at the cougar's eyes.17.Which of the following happened first?A. The cougar jumped from the rock.B. Tom struggled free of his father.C. Jeb asked Tom to get the knife.D. Jeb held Tom across his body.(E)Miguel's co-workers don't quite understand him. One day he's smiling and friendly, a real team player. The next day, he's cross, getting angry over minor things, especially when asked to improve one of his designs.Identifying your personality characteristics is the first step in developing a good attitude. Are you a positive, confident person or are you shy and reserved? Do you face problems, looking for solutions, or do you find someone to blame? Characteristics define you. They help you succeed, or they hold you back.Self-awareness, or understanding the factors that make up your personality, is an important step towards happiness, and happiness is the key characteristic of a good attitude. To bee self-aware is to be aware of both your good and bad characteristics.What are the characteristics that people pliment(恭维) on you? Are you “dependable”, “responsible”, or “solid”? Pay attention to the pliment because they are a confirmation of your strongest characteristics. You can use these characteristics to create an even better image.People form opinions about you. Whether they are right or wrong doesn't enter the equation. You, however, can change their opinions by demonstrating the personality characteristics and attitudes that match the way you want to be viewed. In being self-aware, understanding how others see you is an important step. This can be painful； but if you are brave enough to try it, it can be an excellent growth experience.Change is not easy, especially when it has to do with your behaviors. You should break the behavior change into small steps because small steps are easier to achieve and more likely to last. The change will be permanent if you want to change for yourself.18.The author mentions Miguel in order________.A. to show the importance of personalityB. to introduce the topic of the passageC. to tell us that Miguel is a changeable personD. to give us an example of multiple personality19.The purpose for writing this passage is to_______.A. help you to get along well with othersB. give you advice on how to be happyC. help you to get rid of our bad behaviorsD. help you to develop a good personality20. You should be self-aware because________.A. it may help you on the way to successB. it is a matter of failure or successC. it will surely make you happy and successfulD. it helps you to create a better image21.What may be talked about after this passage?A. Detailed steps of changing your behaviors.B. Why it is important to improve yourself.C. Why it is hard to change your personality.D. Tips on how to get along well with others.(F) A new phone eraCHINA was predicted to bee the world’s top smartphone market by the end of xx, overtaking the US, according to forbes. Surprised? You shouldn’t be. Just take a look around the next time you’re on the subway or riding the bus: It seems that just about everyone these days is busily tapping away on their phones, playing games and sending e-mails.For technology panies, smartphones are the biggest business around. Apple’s iPhone is now worth more than some of the largest panies in the world, including Microsoft. But it’s not just the corporations making the money. The smartphone boom has provided opportunities for people to make and sell their own apps.Nick D’Aloisio, just 17 y ears old, hit the news headlines in November for making a brand new app for reading news, called Summly, which cleverly uses equations (方程式) to turn stories into short summaries. It shot up to number nine in the charts just two hours after its release in t he US. But he’s not the only young person seizing this opportunity.So where will smartphones go next? A lot of new ideas have been proposed. Google, for example, has recently shown off a type of smartphone you can actually wear like a pair of glasses. If successful, this new product promises to pave a new future for municating. However, there are others who argue that smartphone makers have reached a limit in revolutionary ideas. Either way, there’s no sure way of predicting the future. After all, who can tell when a groundbreaking (开创性的) idea might hit them?But perhaps there are bigger questions than this.“I fear the day that technology will surpass our human interaction,” Albert Einstein once said. “The world will have a generation of idiots.”This statement is beginning to ring true. If our grandparents had been told that in the year xx everyone would walk around looking at puters in their hands, would they have believed it?In an ever-connected world of social networks, have we actually bee unsociable? Is the fascination turning into a dangerous addiction? There are certainly positive and negative aspects of the smartphone culture. We hope you enjoy this exploration into some of them.21. With the example of Nick D’Aloisio, the author intends to tell us that _____.A. the new app for reading news has been well received since its releaseB. the smartphone boom has inspired many people to make apps and succeedC. there is an increasing demand for news reading with the popularity ofsmartphonesD. many corporations and people earn money by making and selling apps forsmartphones22. What is one of the bigger questions facing us in the era of smartphones accordingto the last two paragraphs?A. Overuse of technology.B. The limit in revolutionary ideas.C. The loss of human interaction.D. Trouble with new ways ofmunication.23. Which of the following best shows the structure of the article?。
高中英语高考阅读理解篇章结构分析技能总结(共七类文章)
高考英语阅读理解篇章结构分析技能一、科普类文章1.引出中心内容的方法(1)A but B。
这个时候B是文章的中心。
为了不让文章显得太突兀，一般会先讲A，即普通的内容(科普类文章一般介绍的是我们不太熟悉的内容)。
另外，A也有可能是一种欲扬先抑的写作手法，与B的意思正好相反。
Most animals have little connection with animals of adifferent kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership (伙伴关系) which does good to both of them. You may havenoticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep. This is not because they wanta ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites (寄生虫) on sheep. The sheep allow the birds to do so becausethey remove the cause of discomfort. So although they can manage without eachother, they do better together.The idea of fighting a noise by making more noisesounds strange, but that’s exactlywhat motor engineers are doing in Germany and some other countries.(2) 用熟悉的事物作类比。
高考英语阅读微技能训练篇章结构题
高考英语阅读微技能训练篇章结构题阅读微技能训练5—篇章结构题(2) 巩固练习(A) Does Speed Reading Take the Joy Out of Reading?A common enough remark is that speed reading takes the joy out of reading. However, is this entirely fair? To answer this, we need to look at some of the reasons why we need speed reading.It should always be in your mind that speed reading is a skill. Actually, it is adopted in certain situations and it's not always necessarily a skill you need to apply every time you read something.An example, if you are in bed reading the latest novel, it is unlikely that you are going to read fast. The reason： first, you have spent money on it；second, because the atmosphere in which to read is one of relaxation and taking things easy. If we now change the scene to one where we are reading the latest financial report from a company, even if we are doing this in bed, the environment has changed. The need and reason why we read in these two scenes is not the same. In the former we relax in comfort. In the latter we are in a professional way. Clearly in the latter, where we want to be done with the reading and off to sleep, we can adapt our speed reading skills and in the former we may choose not to. In other word s, speed reading skill is a “horses for courses” skill. Apply them at times when you need to read something really fast, but not when you don't need to.Furthermore, as your reten tion(记忆) rates are usually better with speed reading, it is often a good idea that you speed reading at times when you have a special need to understand and retain the information. It is far more likely that understanding andretaining the information in the financial report is go-ing to be more beneficial to you, so use your speed reading skills at this time so that you can increase your chances of understanding and retaining.As you can see then, having the ability to be able to speed reading will al-low you the choice of reading faster, or slower. It's about having choices.1.Wh at does “horses for courses” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Changing behavior and attitudes towards reading.B. Applying speed reading according to the situation.C. Using advanced skills in reading difficult materials.D. Reading attentively without being interrupted.2.In paragraph 3, how does the author try to make readers accept his opinion?A. By using figures.B. By telling stories.C. By setting up examples.D. By asking questions.3.What idea is presented in Paragraph 4 ？A. Speed reading is a special need in increasing reading chances.B. Readers will remember more information with speed reading.C. Reading more financial reports is more beneficial to readers.D. Retention rates are usually better when reading novels.4.The article is written to________.A. argue that speed reading is readers' choiceB. present the characteristics of speed readingC. persuade readers to do speed readingD. show how to do speed reading(B)We can offer you a place at one of the best universities in Britain. We'll provide you wit h a choice of 150 first class courses developed especially to enable you to study in your own time, backed by the Open University's own special study method —OU supported open learning.We'll give you the support of a personal teacher, and the chance to meet your fellow students. You can take one-off courses, diplomas’ a degree or a postgraduate degree. Subjects available include ：Computing, Business Man-agement ,Technology, Modern languages, Social Sciences, English Law, Arts, Science, Mathematics, Education and Health Social Welfare.Whether you want to study to improve your jobs or for your own personal interests, there's almost certainly a course for you. If you haven't studied for a while, we'll help you get started. No previous training or degrees are required ；you just need a lively power of learning and a willingness to learn. It's real value for money and you can pay by monthly payments.Open University course materials are of the highest quality and come in a variety of forms including video and audio tapes as well as texts. The OU leads the world in its use of new technology for learning. A number of courses provide source materials on CD ROM. What else can the Open University offer you? The best way to find out is to visit our website or phone us today.OUhotline(24hours)************Website: WWW. open. ac. uk/advert* The OU is in the top 15% of all UK universities for teachingquality.* 25% of all British MBAs come from the OU.* Over 303, 000 employers have offered chances to their staff on OU courses.* 40, 000 OU students are online from home.* There are 9 month courses and new diplomas as well as degrees.* AMBA Accredited. ______________5.This aim of the advertisement is to________.A. sell teaching materialsB. introduce the Open UniversityC. attract studentsD. offer job opportunities6.The Open University can supply you with______.A. a lively power of learningB. different kinds of coursesC. chances to find good jobsD. supports from teachers and students7.What is the greatest advantage of open learning?A. Freedom to manage your own time.B. No experience needed.C. Different forms of course materials.D. Good teaching quality.8.The advertisement is made believable by_______.9.A. asking questionsB. presenting factsC. making comparisonsD. telling stories(C)It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. However, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The difference between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole world of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a respected grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a well-known scientist. While schooling tries something that can be predicted, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from babies on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral (不可或缺的) part of one's life.Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at about the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in theircommunities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.10.What does the author probably mean by “children interrupt education to go toschool”?A. The more years students go to school, the worse their education is.B. People are engaged in education the whole life.C. Children go to school just to make trouble.D. Schooling is not educationally beneficial.11.The phrase “For example” in the last paragraph introduces a sentence thatgives examples of______.A. the slices of reality that are to be learnedB. the result of schoolingC. limitations of classroom teachingD. the similarities of all schools12.Which of the following conclusions does the passage support?A. Without formal education, people would remain ignorant.B. Education systems need to be thoroughly reformed.C. Education involves many years of competence training.D. Going to school is only part of one's education.13.The passage is written in the way of_________.A. contrasting the meaning of two related wordsB. giving examples of different kinds of educationC. listing and discussing several educational problemsD. providing facts to support an argument(D)Lying in the sun on a rock, the cougar(美洲狮) saw Jeb and his son, Tom before they saw it. Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands, making himself look big to the cougar. It worked. The cougar hesitated, ready to attack Jeb, but ready to forget the whole thing, too.Jeb let go of his jacket, grasped Tom and held him across his body, making a cross. Now the cougar's enemy looked even bigger, and it rose up, ready to move away, but unfortunately Tom got scared and struggled free of Jeb.“Tom, no, “shouted his father.But Tom broke and ran and that's the last thing you do with a cougar. The second Tom broke free, Jeb threw himself on the cougar, just as it jumped from the rock. They hit each other in mid-air and both fell. The cougar was on Jeb in a flash, forgetting about Tom, which was what Jeb wanted.Cougars are not as big as most people think and a determined man stands a chance, even with just his fists. As the cougar's claws got into his left shoulder, Jeb swung his fist at its eyes and hit hard. The animal howled and put its head back. Jeb followed up with his other fist. Then out of the corner of his eye. Jeb saw Tom. The boy was running back to help his father.“Knife, Tom,” shouted Jeb.The boy ran to his father's bag, while Jeb started shouting as well as hit-ting, to keep the cougar's attention away from Tom. Tom got the knife and ran over to Jeb. The cougar was moving its head in and out, trying to find a way through the wall Jeb was making out of his arms. Tom swung with the knife, into the cougar's back. It howled horribly and ran off into the mountains.The whole fight had taken about thirty seconds.14.Why did Jeb pull his jacket open when he saw the cougar?A. To get ready to fight.B. To frighten it away.C. To protect the boy.D. To cool down.15.What do we know about cougars?A. They are afraid of noises.B. They hesitate before they hit.C. They are bigger than we think.D. They like to attack running people.16.How did Jeb try to hold the cougar's attention?A. By keeping shouting and hitting.。
高考英语阅读篇章结构题解题技巧
高考英语阅读篇章结构题解题技巧阅读理解占有较大的分值,把握有效的解题技巧可以有效快速解题,下面就是我给大家带来的高考英语阅读篇章结构题解题技巧，盼望大家喜爱！高考英语阅读篇章结构题解题技巧1．确定指代关系。
最常见的提问方式是：The underlined word “they/it/…” in paragraph… refers to… …2．对句子意义或作用的理解。
最常见的提问方式是：The sentence “… …” in paragraph … means ….; The example of … … in para….is used to illustrate/show … ….3．对段落大意或段落作用的理解。
最常见的提问方式是：The last paragraph mainly tell us that … …; The purpose of writing Paragraph … is …. ….4．对文章组织结构的理解。
最常见的提问方式是：How is the passage organized?；Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?在上述几类题中考生感觉难做的题是第四类, 这类题是近两年来消失的主要考查谈论文结构的命题新方式,且逐步得到语言教育专家们的认可。
并逐步推广到对其他文体结构的考查。
分析这一类的题我们看出：对文章组织结构的考查不外乎两个层次。
一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构，一是按写作方法（论证方法）理解文章的结构。
首先，看看这样考查从段落层次理解文章的结构。
这类题常常用到的提问方式是：Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 常见的段落结构有如下几种状况：图1表明：①（Paragraph 1）是主题段（提出论题或论点），②、③段是就同一论据或者问题的同一方面作论述，④用另一论据材料或者从问题的另一方面论述，⑤段是结论段或者是用来重述论题、强调论点的段落。
专题07阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题(讲)2019年高考英语二轮复习含解析
2019届高三二轮复习英语精品资料【讲案】专题- 阅渎理解IV：篇章结构题【构建知识体系】篇章结构题B【2018 •天津卷】When I was 17, I read a magaz ine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercoloristnamed Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunnySaturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, "Do you have the address? ""No, but ni recog nize it,there was a picture in the magaz ine.""Oh, stop. There it is! ”The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us."May I help you?" a man asked. "No, "I said. "We're fine. ” Tour guides got on my n erves. What if they tlong time about a pain ti ng you were n't that in terested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed verynosy（爱窥探的）,keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Sudde nly I sen sed a man sta nding beh ind me. "Where do you think you are? " he asked. I turned sharply. "The McNay ArtMuseum!" He smiled, shaki ng his head. "Sorry, the McNay is on New Braun fels Street." "What place? ” I asked, still con fused. "Well, it's our home." My heart jolted震颤）.I raced to the staircase and called out, "Sally! Come dow n immediately!""There's some really good stuff（艺术作品）up there." She stepped dow n, I ook ing con fused. I pushed her toward the front door, wavi ng at the family, say ing, "Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place." Outside, whe n I told Sally what happe ned, she covered her mouth, laugh ing. She could n't believe how long they let us look around without say ing anything.The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, i n case anything else unu sual happe ned.Thirty years later, a woma n approached me in a public place. "Excuse me, did you ever en ter a reside nee, I ong ago, thin ki ng it was the McNay Museum?""Yes. But how do you know? We n ever told anyon e.""That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I n ever felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feeli ngs about my home cha nged after that. I've always wan ted to tha nk you."44. Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?A. The real museum lacked eno ugh artwork to in terest her.B. She was too upset to spe nd much time at the real museum.C. The McNay was disappo inting compared with the house.D. The event happe ning in the house was more sig ni fica nt.【答案】44. D【解析】本文杲一篇记叙文°文童作者和朋友原MoXay博物管，到了之后参观的时候」发现很多人奇怪的看看她，最后才发现自己误将一个私人住宅当成\kNdy博物馆。
高考英语 阅读微技能训练 细节理解题(2)
阅读微技能训练4—细节理解题(2) 巩固练习(A)THE people have spoken –The Big Bang Theory is a worldwide sensation (引起轰动的事情). In January, the popular American sitcom earned its second People’s Choice Award for Best Network TV Comedy. As popular character Sheldon Cooper might say: “Bazinga!”, meaning “Gotcha”.In the US, the show’s popularity has increased from an average of 8.31 million viewers per episode during season one to 18.61 million during the current, sixth season. So, how does The Big Bang Theory keep adding viewers after six years?According to Dan Martin, TV critic for The Guardian, the show’s focus on nerd (书呆子) culture “speaks to its viewers” in a way that Friends did in the 1990s with its focus on coffee-house culture. In 2013, being a geek (对电脑痴迷的人) in a lab coat is cool, and The Big Bang Theory’s characters, such as Howard and Raj, fit the bill.But being a nerd also means knowing your fantasy and sci-fi entertainment, and The Big Bang Theory is peppered (充满) with pop culture homages (敬意). Kenneth Andrews, wr iter at , notes that the show includes “references to cult franchises (备受推崇的剧目) such as Doctor Who, Star Trek, … Lord of the Rings and Harry Potter.” Viewers appreciate that the show’s characters love the same entertainment that they do. Leonard even dressed up as Frodo Baggins, the protagonist (主角) of Lord of the Rings, for Halloween, in season one episode The Middle-Earth Paradigm.But the show’s influence has extended even to the real setting that it satirizes (讽刺): the world of science. In No vember 2011, The Guardian reported that “there was a 10 percent increase [in the UK] in the number of students accepted to [university physics programs] between 2008-09, when The Big Bang Theory was first broadcast in the UK, and 2010-11.” And in January 2013, a group of biologists in Brazil named a bee species after Sheldon’s catchphrase (口头禅), “Bazinga!”, according to CNN’s Lightyears blog.Sounds like geeks the world over have a new rallying cry. Thanks, Sheldon.1. Which of the following statement s about The Big Bang Theory is TRUE?A. The show is the second most popular sitcom in the US at present.B. The number of its viewers has increased by three times since it first came out.C. It inspired a group of biologists in Brazil to discover a new bee species.D. It has somewhat encouraged a number of UK students to take an interest in physics.2. What does the underlined word “fit the bill” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Become wealthy.B. Are just what is needed.C. Go against what is expected.D. Compete to pay for something.3. How does The Big Bang Theory attract so many viewers according to the text?A. It focuses on coffee-house culture like Friends once did.B. It teaches viewers some scientific knowledge in eve ry episode.C. It is about geeks and talks about popular culture and entertainment.D. It involves some classical sci-fi stories and satirizes the world of science.(B)FOR many die-hard fans, soccer is more than just a game. It’s a source of identity, a link to the culture of a place or region – and never more so than on derby (同城比赛) day. Those who support the victor gain bragging rights, renewed faith and increased optimism for the coming months. The losers’ supporters, on the other hand, earn wounded pride and dreams of revenge next time.To se e this phenomenon in action, look no further than Spain’s national derby – Real Madrid versus FC Barcelona.On Fe b 26, the two powerhouses staged a breathtaking showdown (一决胜负). Cristiano Ronaldo scored twice to lead Real Madrid to a 3-1 win.At Barcelona’s Camp Nou Stadium before Tuesday’s match, when thousands of Barcelona fans held up red and gold cards forming a big mosaic of the Catalan national flag, it became clear that this clash goes far beyond sports.According to the BBC, the rivalry (对立) goes back to the 1930s. Barcelona is the capital of Catalonia, a Northeastern autonomous region in Spain where many people desire greater independence from the central Spanish government. After the Spanish Civil War, the government suppressed the Catalan language and culture.While the Catalonians and their club FC Barcelona fought to maintain their identity, Francisco Franco, the fascist ruler of Spain at that time, treated Real Madrid better. Throughout the years, FC Barcelona was a symbol of stre ngth for the Catalan region. There is nothing Catalans enjoy more than beating Real Madrid – a team with strong links to Spain’s ruling family.But Real Madrid and FC Barcelona is not the only pair fighting for pride. Another fierce derby is between Boca Juniors and River Plate in Argentina. UK newsp aper The Observer even placed attending the Argentinian event atop their list of “50 sporting things you must do before you die”.Both clubs originated in the La Boca district in Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina. In 1925, however, River moved to a wealthier district of the city. “Just seven kilometers separates these two fierce rivals but a huge class divide fuels their bitter hatred for each other,” noted The Observer. Some 70 percent of Argentines support either “aristocratic” River or the traditionally “working class” Boca.“It is a carnival-like atmosphere… Fans exchange songs and flares, and flag-burning is a regular occurrence,” the paper wrote.4. Why did the Barcelona fans make a big mo saic of the Catalan national flag?A. To represent Catalan identity.B. To call for a more united country.C. To show their love and support for Spain.D. To impress and entertain the audience.5. What is the biggest reason for Boca Juniors and River Plate’s rivalry?A. Different cultures.B. Different religions.C. Different social classes.D. The competition system.6. What is the article mainly about?A. What soccer fan culture is.B. Why derbies are so fierce.C. How derby came into being.D. How rivalry between two teams makes their game more interesting.(C)WHEN I signed up to volunteer as a team leader for the Special Olympics, I had no idea what it would entail (带来). Standing in the middle of the crowded gymnasium, I waited anxiously for my team of girls to be called. Suddenly, a small group of schoolgirls closed in on me.One young woman bounced clumsily toward me with such liveliness. Gravity seemed to have no effect on her. Strands of brown hair swayed back and forth in front of her blue eyes with every step, and a huge smile warmed her freckled face.I felt paralyzed as I realized she was heading directly toward me. She stood next to me, placed her arm on my sh oulder, and said, “Hi, I’m Jane.”“Hi, I’m Sandy.”Then, moving even closer, she said: “Hi, Sandy. I’m Jane.”Smiling, I asked: “How are you, Jane?”“Fine,” she said.Just then the whistle announced the first event: a basketball-dribbling relay. The girls lined up behind the starting line, ready to dribble the ball to the other end of the court and back again.When it was Jane’s turn, she looked at me and said: “Watch, Sandy. I can do this.” As she attempted to dribble, her bouncing gait (步法) kept her from controlling the ball. With almost every step, Jane’s foot would kick the ball, sending it flying across the gymnasium.“You can do it, Jane!” I yelled..Her smile never faded as she happily retrieved (重新得到) the ball and resumed (再次开始) where she had left off. It took two more trips across the gymnasium before Jane was back at my side“I did good, didn’t I, Sandy?” Jane asked proudly. “Yes, you did fine.”Then, Jane once again placed her arm on my shoulder and declared: “Hi Sandy, I’m Jane.”“Yes, you are Jane, a wonderful young lady,” I responded, with a reassuring smile. This game continued throughout the other events.At the end of the day, each athlete received a ribbon. No one on my team came in first. Rankings weren’t important.Because of Jane, I now find joy in the little things. I know that winning isn’t the only thing that matters. When life sends me in an unexpected direction, I now get right back on course and start again, with a smile like hers.Every once in a while, I can feel her arm rest on my shoulder and hear her say: “Hi Sandy, I’m Jane. You did good.”7. When the author realized that Jane was coming toward her, she ______.A. felt surprised and didn’t know how to reactB. felt disappointed that Jane was on her teamC. was pleased because she liked her livelinessD. was a little frightened at her strange way of walking8. During the basketball-dribbling relay, Jane ______.A. would have given up without the author’s encouragementB. was dribbling at a fast speed despite her bouncing gaitC. failed to dribble the ball to the other end of the courtD. remained cheerful though she had some trouble controlling the ball9. When Jane said “I did good, didn’t I, Sandy?”, what was the author’s response?A. She agreed with her sincerely.B. She agreed for fear of hurting her self-esteem.C. She wondered why Jane was so confident.D. She worried that the result might disappoint her.10. What did the author learn from Jane?A. Independence and ambition.B. Responsibility and determination.C. Optimism and perseverance.D. Teamwork and an adventurous spirit.(D)ONE summer I was driving from my hometown of Tahoe City, California to New Orleans, Louisiana. In the middle of the desert, I passed a young man standing by the roadside. He had his thumb out and held a gas can in his other hand. I drove right by him. There was a time when you’d be called a jerk (混蛋) for passing by somebody in need. Now you’re a fool for helping. “I don’t want to get involved” seems to have become a national motto.Several days later I was thinking about t he hitchhiker, about how I didn’t even lift my foot off the accelerator for him.“Does anyone stop any more?” I wondered. Blanche DuBois once said: “I have always depended on the kindness of strangers.” Was that possible these days? One way to test this would be for a person to journey across the US without any money, just relying on the good will of others. What would happen? Would he find food, shelter and support?The idea intrigued (激起兴趣) me.The week I turned 37, I realized that I had never done something truly crazy. So I decided to really do it: travel from the Pacific to the Atlantic without a penny. I would only accept offers of rides, food and places to sleep.For six weeks I hitched 82 rides and covered 4,223 miles across 14 states. I was treated kindly everywhere I went. I was amazed by people’s readiness to help a stranger.In Nebraska, a house painter named Mike noted the chilly weather and asked if I had a coat. I didn’t, so he g ave me a big green army-style jacket. A lumber-mill worker in Michigan named Tim invited me to a simple dinner with his family in their shabby house. Then he offered me a tent. I refused, but Tim insisted, packing it into my bag himself. I found people were generally compassionate. Hearing I had no money and would take none, people bought me food and gave me necessities. Thosewho had the least to give often gave the most.I’m grateful to all the people I met for their rides, their food, their shelter and their gifts. My faith in ordinary folks was renewed. It turns out you can still depend on the kindness of strangers.11. How did the author feel days after he refused to give the young man a ride?A. Guilty.B. Worried.C. Confused.D. Embarrassed.12. Why did the author decide to go on a h itchhiking journey without any money?A. To test his doubts about people’s kindness.B. To experience the culture of hitchhiking.C. To call for trust and love among people.D. To have a fun and cool birthday party.13. What does the underlined word “compassionate” in Paragraph 7 mean?A. Inspiring.B. Sympathetic.C. Passionate.D. Responsible.14. During the author’s journey, _____.A. he found his previous faith in people proved correctB. he was impressed that poor people were more eager to helpC. he made lots of friends and learned many practical survival skillsD. he didn’t receive as much help as he had expected。
高考英语 阅读微技能训练 篇章结构题
阅读微技能训练5—篇章结构题(2) 巩固练习(A) Does Speed Reading Take the Joy Out of Reading?A common enough remark is that speed reading takes the joy out of reading. However, is this entirely fair? To answer this, we need to look at some of the reasons why we need speed reading.It should always be in your mind that speed reading is a skill. Actually, it is adopted in certain situations and it's not always necessarily a skill you need to apply every time you read something.An example, if you are in bed reading the latest novel, it is unlikely that you are going to read fast. The reason： first, you have spent money on it； second, because the atmosphere in which to read is one of relaxation and taking things easy. If we now change the scene to one where we are reading the latest financial report from a company, even if we are doing this in bed, the environment has changed. The need and reason why we read in these two scenes is not the same. In the former we relax in comfort. In the latter we are in a professional way. Clearly in the latter, where we want to be done with the reading and off to sleep, we can adapt our speed reading skills and in the former we may choose not to. In other words, speed reading skill is a “horses for courses” skill. Apply them at times when you need to read something really fast, but not when you don't need to.Furthermore, as your reten tion(记忆) rates are usually better with speed reading, it is often a good idea that you speed reading at times when you have a special need to understand and retain the information. It is far more likely that understanding and retaining the information in the financial report is go-ing to be more beneficial to you, so use your speed reading skills at this time so that you can increase your chances of understanding and retaining.As you can see then, having the ability to be able to speed reading will al-low you the choice of reading faster, or slower. It's about having choices.1.What does “horses for courses” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Changing behavior and attitudes towards reading.B. Applying speed reading according to the situation.C. Using advanced skills in reading difficult materials.D. Reading attentively without being interrupted.2.In paragraph 3, how does the author try to make readers accept his opinion?A. By using figures.B. By telling stories.C. By setting up examples.D. By asking questions.3.What idea is presented in Paragraph 4 ？A. Speed reading is a special need in increasing reading chances.B. Readers will remember more information with speed reading.C. Reading more financial reports is more beneficial to readers.D. Retention rates are usually better when reading novels.4.The article is written to________.A. argue that speed reading is readers' choiceB. present the characteristics of speed readingC. persuade readers to do speed readingD. show how to do speed reading(B)We can offer you a place at one of the best universities in Britain. We'll provide you wit h a choice of 150 first class courses developed especially to enable you to study in your own time, backed by the Open University's own special study method — OU supported open learning.We'll give you the support of a personal teacher, and the chance to meet your fellow students. You can take one-off courses, diplomas’ a degree or a postgraduate degree. Subjects available include ： Computing, Business Man-agement ,Technology, Modern languages, Social Sciences, English Law, Arts, Science, Mathematics, Education and Health Social Welfare.Whether you want to study to improve your jobs or for your own personal interests, there's almost certainly a course for you. If you haven't studied for a while, we'll help you get started. No previous training or degrees are required ；you just need a lively power of learning and a willingness to learn. It's real value for money and you can pay by monthly payments.Open University course materials are of the highest quality and come in a variety of forms including video and audio tapes as well as texts. The OU leads the world in its use of new technology for learning. A number of courses provide source materials on CD ROM. What else can the Open University offer you? The best way to find out is to visit our website or phone us today.OU hotline(24 hours): 0870 9000 301Website: WWW. open. ac. uk/advert* The OU is in the top 15% of all UK universities for teaching quality.* 25% of all British MBAs come from the OU.* Over 303, 000 employers have offered chances to their staff on OU courses.* 40, 000 OU students are online from home.* There are 9 month courses and new diplomas as well as degrees.* AMBA Accredited. ______________5.This aim of the advertisement is to________.A. sell teaching materialsB. introduce the Open UniversityC. attract studentsD. offer job opportunities6.The Open University can supply you with______.A. a lively power of learningB. different kinds of coursesC. chances to find good jobsD. supports from teachers and students7.What is the greatest advantage of open learning?A. Freedom to manage your own time.B. No experience needed.C. Different forms of course materials.D. Good teaching quality.8.The advertisement is made believable by_______.9.A. asking questionsB. presenting factsC. making comparisonsD. telling stories(C)It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. However, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The difference between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole world of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a respected grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a well-known scientist. While schooling tries something that can be predicted, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from babies on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral (不可或缺的) part of one's life.Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at about the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.10.What does the author probably mean by “children interrupt education to go toschool”?A. The more years students go to school, the worse their education is.B. People are engaged in education the whole life.C. Children go to school just to make trouble.D. Schooling is not educationally beneficial.11.The phrase “For example” in the last paragraph introduces a sentence thatgives examples of______.A. the slices of reality that are to be learnedB. the result of schoolingC. limitations of classroom teachingD. the similarities of all schools12.Which of the following conclusions does the passage support?A. Without formal education, people would remain ignorant.B. Education systems need to be thoroughly reformed.C. Education involves many years of competence training.D. Going to school is only part of one's education.13.The passage is written in the way of_________.A. contrasting the meaning of two related wordsB. giving examples of different kinds of educationC. listing and discussing several educational problemsD. providing facts to support an argument(D)Lying in the sun on a rock, the cougar(美洲狮) saw Jeb and his son, Tom before they saw it. Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands, making himself look big to the cougar. It worked. The cougar hesitated, ready to attack Jeb, but ready to forget the whole thing, too.Jeb let go of his jacket, grasped Tom and held him across his body, making a cross. Now the cougar's enemy looked even bigger, and it rose up, ready to move away, but unfortunately Tom got scared and struggled free of Jeb.“Tom, no, “shouted his father.But Tom broke and ran and that's the last thing you do with a cougar. The second Tom broke free, Jeb threw himself on the cougar, just as it jumped from the rock. They hit each other in mid-air and both fell. The cougar was on Jeb in a flash, forgetting about Tom, which was what Jeb wanted.Cougars are not as big as most people think and a determined man stands a chance, even with just his fists. As the cougar's claws got into his left shoulder, Jeb swung his fist at its eyes and hit hard. The animal howled and put its head back. Jeb followed up with his other fist. Then out of the corner of his eye. Jeb saw Tom. The boy was running back to help his father.“Knife, Tom,” shouted Jeb.The boy ran to his father's bag, while Jeb started shouting as well as hit-ting, to keep the cougar's attention away from Tom. Tom got the knife and ran over to Jeb. The cougar was moving its head in and out, trying to find a way through the wall Jeb was making out of his arms. Tom swung with the knife, into the cougar's back. It howled horribly and ran off into the mountains.The whole fight had taken about thirty seconds.14.Why did Jeb pull his jacket open when he saw the cougar?A. To get ready to fight.B. To frighten it away.C. To protect the boy.D. To cool down.15.What do we know about cougars?A. They are afraid of noises.B. They hesitate before they hit.C. They are bigger than we think.D. They like to attack running people.16.How did Jeb try to hold the cougar's attention?A. By keeping shouting and hitting.B. By making a wall out of his arms.C. By throwing himself on the cougar.D. By swinging his fists at the cougar's eyes.17.Which of the following happened first?A. The cougar jumped from the rock.B. Tom struggled free of his father.C. Jeb asked Tom to get the knife.D. Jeb held Tom across his body.(E)Miguel's co-workers don't quite understand him. One day he's smiling and friendly, a real team player. The next day, he's cross, getting angry over minor things, especially when asked to improve one of his designs.Identifying your personality characteristics is the first step in developing a good attitude. Are you a positive, confident person or are you shy and reserved? Do you face problems, looking for solutions, or do you find someone to blame? Characteristics define you. They help you succeed, or they hold you back.Self-awareness, or understanding the factors that make up your personality, is an important step towards happiness, and happiness is the key characteristic of a good attitude. To become self-aware is to be aware of both your good and bad characteristics.What are the characteristics that people compliment(恭维) on you? Are you “dependable”, “responsible”, or “solid”? Pay attention t o the compliment because they are a confirmation of your strongest characteristics. Y ou can use these characteristics to create an even better image.People form opinions about you. Whether they are right or wrong doesn't enter the equation. You, however, can change their opinions by demonstrating the personality characteristics and attitudes that match the way you want to be viewed. In becoming self-aware, understanding how others see you is an important step. This can be painful； but if you are brave enough to try it, it can be an excellent growth experience.Change is not easy, especially when it has to do with your behaviors. You should break the behavior change into small steps because small steps are easier to achieve and more likely to last. The change will be permanent if you want to change for yourself.18.The author mentions Miguel in order________.A. to show the importance of personalityB. to introduce the topic of the passageC. to tell us that Miguel is a changeable personD. to give us an example of multiple pers onality19.The purpose for writing this passage is to_______.A. help you to get along well with othersB. give you advice on how to be happyC. help you to get rid of our bad behaviorsD. help you to develop a good personality20. You should be self-aware because________.A. it may help you on the way to successB. it is a matter of failure or successC. it will surely make you happy and successfulD. it helps you to create a better image21.What may be talked about after this passage?A. Detailed steps of changing your behaviors.B. Why it is important to improve yourself.C. Why it is hard to change your personality.D. Tips on how to get along well with others.(F) A new phone eraCHINA was predicted to become the world’s top smartphone market by the end of 2012, overtaking the US, according to . Surprised? You shoul dn’t be. Just take a look around the next time you’re on the subway or riding the bus: It seems that just about everyone these days is busily tapping away on their phones, playing games and sending e-mails.For technology companies, smartphones are the biggest business around. Apple’s iPhone is now worth more than some of the largest companies in the world, including Mi crosoft. But it’s not just the corporations making the money. The smartphone boom has provided opportunities for people to make and sell their own apps.Nick D’Aloisio, just 17 years old, hit the news headlines in November for making a brand new app for reading news, called Summly, which cleverly uses equations (方程式) to turn stories into short summaries. I t shot up to number nine in the charts just two hours after its release in the US. But he’s not the only young person seizing this opportunity.So where will smartphones go next? A lot of new ideas have been proposed. Google, for example, has recently shown off a type of smartphone you can actually wear like a pair of glasses. If successful, this new product promises to pave a new future for communicating. However, there are others who argue that smartphone makers have reached a limit i n revolutionary ideas. Either way, there’s no sure way of predicting the future. After all, who can tell when a groundbreaking (开创性的) idea might hit them?But perhaps there are bigger questions than this.“I fear the day that technology will surpass our human interaction,” Albert Einstein once said. “The world will have a generation of idiots.”This statement is beginning to ring true. If our grandparents had been told that in the year 2012 everyone would walk around looking at computers in their hands, would they have believed it?In an ever-connected world of social networks, have we actually become unsociable? Is the fascination turning into a dangerous addiction? There are certainly positive and negative aspects of the smartphone culture. We hope you enjoy this exploration into some of them.21. With the example of Nick D’Aloisio, the author intends to tell us that _____.A. the new app for reading news has been well received since its releaseB. the smartphone boom has inspired many people to make apps and succeedC. there is an increasing demand for news readi ng with the popularity ofsmartphonesD. many corporations and people earn money by making and selling apps forsmartphones22. What is one of the bigger questions facing us in the era of smartphones accordingto the last tw o paragraphs?A. Overuse of technology.B. The limit in revolutionary ideas.C. The loss of human interaction.D. Trouble with new ways ofcommunication.23. Which of the following best shows the structure of the article?。
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阅读微技能训练5—篇章结构题(2) 巩固练习(A) Does Speed Reading Take the Joy Out of Reading?A common enough remark is that speed reading takes the joy out of reading. However, is this entirely fair? To answer this, we need to look at some of the reasons why we need speed reading.It should always be in your mind that speed reading is a skill. Actually, it is adopted in certain situations and it's not always necessarily a skill you need to apply every time you read something.An example, if you are in bed reading the latest novel, it is unlikely that you are going to read fast. The reason： first, you have spent money on it； second, because the atmosphere in which to read is one of relaxation and taking things easy. If we now change the scene to one where we are reading the latest financial report from a company, even if we are doing this in bed, the environment has changed. The need and reason why we read in these two scenes is not the same. In the former we relax in comfort. In the latter we are in a professional way. Clearly in the latter, where we want to be done with the reading and off to sleep, we can adapt our speed reading skills and in the former we may choose not to. In other words, speed reading skill is a “horses for courses” skill. Apply them at times when you need to read something really fast, but not when you don't need to.Furthermore, as your reten tion(记忆) rates are usually better with speed reading, it is often a good idea that you speed reading at times when you have a special need to understand and retain the information. It is far more likely that understanding and retaining the information in the financial report is go-ing to be more beneficial to you, so use your speed reading skills at this time so that you can increase your chances of understanding and retaining.As you can see then, having the ability to be able to speed reading will al-low you the choice of reading faster, or slower. It's about having choices.1.What does “horses for courses” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Changing behavior and attitudes towards reading.B. Applying speed reading according to the situation.C. Using advanced skills in reading difficult materials.D. Reading attentively without being interrupted.2.In paragraph 3, how does the author try to make readers accept his opinion?A. By using figures.B. By telling stories.C. By setting up examples.D. By asking questions.3.What idea is presented in Paragraph 4 ？A. Speed reading is a special need in increasing reading chances.B. Readers will remember more information with speed reading.C. Reading more financial reports is more beneficial to readers.D. Retention rates are usually better when reading novels.4.The article is written to________.A. argue that speed reading is readers' choiceB. present the characteristics of speed readingC. persuade readers to do speed readingD. show how to do speed reading(B)We can offer you a place at one of the best universities in Britain. We'll provide you wit h a choice of 150 first class courses developed especially to enable you to study in your own time, backed by the Open University's own special study method — OU supported open learning.We'll give you the support of a personal teacher, and the chance to meet your fellow students. You can take one-off courses, diplomas’ a degree or a postgraduate degree. Subjects available include ： Computing, Business Man-agement ,Technology, Modern languages, Social Sciences, English Law, Arts, Science, Mathematics, Education and Health Social Welfare.Whether you want to study to improve your jobs or for your own personal interests, there's almost certainly a course for you. If you haven't studied for a while, we'll help you get started. No previous training or degrees are required ；you just need a lively power of learning and a willingness to learn. It's real value for money and you can pay by monthly payments.Open University course materials are of the highest quality and come in a variety of forms including video and audio tapes as well as texts. The OU leads the world in its use of new technology for learning. A number of courses provide source materials on CD ROM. What else can the Open University offer you? The best way to find out is to visit our website or phone us today.OU hotline(24 hours): 0870 9000 301Website: WWW. open. ac. uk/advert* The OU is in the top 15% of all UK universities for teaching quality.* 25% of all British MBAs come from the OU.* Over 303, 000 employers have offered chances to their staff on OU courses.* 40, 000 OU students are online from home.* There are 9 month courses and new diplomas as well as degrees.* AMBA Accredited. ______________5.This aim of the advertisement is to________.A. sell teaching materialsB. introduce the Open UniversityC. attract studentsD. offer job opportunities6.The Open University can supply you with______.A. a lively power of learningB. different kinds of coursesC. chances to find good jobsD. supports from teachers and students7.What is the greatest advantage of open learning?A. Freedom to manage your own time.B. No experience needed.C. Different forms of course materials.D. Good teaching quality.8.The advertisement is made believable by_______.9.A. asking questionsB. presenting factsC. making comparisonsD. telling stories(C)It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. However, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The difference between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole world of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a respected grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a well-known scientist. While schooling tries something that can be predicted, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from babies on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral (不可或缺的) part of one's life.Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at about the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.10.What does the author probably mean by “children interrupt education to go toschool”?A. The more years students go to school, the worse their education is.B. People are engaged in education the whole life.C. Children go to school just to make trouble.D. Schooling is not educationally beneficial.11.The phrase “For example” in the last paragraph introduces a sentence thatgives examples of______.A. the slices of reality that are to be learnedB. the result of schoolingC. limitations of classroom teachingD. the similarities of all schools12.Which of the following conclusions does the passage support?A. Without formal education, people would remain ignorant.B. Education systems need to be thoroughly reformed.C. Education involves many years of competence training.D. Going to school is only part of one's education.13.The passage is written in the way of_________.A. contrasting the meaning of two related wordsB. giving examples of different kinds of educationC. listing and discussing several educational problemsD. providing facts to support an argument(D)Lying in the sun on a rock, the cougar(美洲狮) saw Jeb and his son, Tom before they saw it. Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands, making himself look big to the cougar. It worked. The cougar hesitated, ready to attack Jeb, but ready to forget the whole thing, too.Jeb let go of his jacket, grasped Tom and held him across his body, making a cross. Now the cougar's enemy looked even bigger, and it rose up, ready to move away, but unfortunately Tom got scared and struggled free of Jeb.“Tom, no, “shouted his father.But Tom broke and ran and that's the last thing you do with a cougar. The second Tom broke free, Jeb threw himself on the cougar, just as it jumped from the rock. They hit each other in mid-air and both fell. The cougar was on Jeb in a flash, forgetting about Tom, which was what Jeb wanted.Cougars are not as big as most people think and a determined man stands a chance, even with just his fists. As the cougar's claws got into his left shoulder, Jeb swung his fist at its eyes and hit hard. The animal howled and put its head back. Jeb followed up with his other fist. Then out of the corner of his eye. Jeb saw Tom. The boy was running back to help his father.“Knife, Tom,” shouted Jeb.The boy ran to his father's bag, while Jeb started shouting as well as hit-ting, to keep the cougar's attention away from Tom. Tom got the knife and ran over to Jeb. The cougar was moving its head in and out, trying to find a way through the wall Jeb was making out of his arms. Tom swung with the knife, into the cougar's back. It howled horribly and ran off into the mountains.The whole fight had taken about thirty seconds.14.Why did Jeb pull his jacket open when he saw the cougar?A. To get ready to fight.B. To frighten it away.C. To protect the boy.D. To cool down.15.What do we know about cougars?A. They are afraid of noises.B. They hesitate before they hit.C. They are bigger than we think.D. They like to attack running people.16.How did Jeb try to hold the cougar's attention?A. By keeping shouting and hitting.B. By making a wall out of his arms.C. By throwing himself on the cougar.D. By swinging his fists at the cougar's eyes.17.Which of the following happened first?A. The cougar jumped from the rock.B. Tom struggled free of his father.C. Jeb asked Tom to get the knife.D. Jeb held Tom across his body.(E)Miguel's co-workers don't quite understand him. One day he's smiling and friendly, a real team player. The next day, he's cross, getting angry over minor things, especially when asked to improve one of his designs.Identifying your personality characteristics is the first step in developing a good attitude. Are you a positive, confident person or are you shy and reserved? Do you face problems, looking for solutions, or do you find someone to blame? Characteristics define you. They help you succeed, or they hold you back.Self-awareness, or understanding the factors that make up your personality, is an important step towards happiness, and happiness is the key characteristic of a good attitude. To become self-aware is to be aware of both your good and bad characteristics.What are the characteristics that people compliment(恭维) on you? Are you “dependable”, “responsible”, or “solid”? Pay attention t o the compliment because they are a confirmation of your strongest characteristics. Y ou can use these characteristics to create an even better image.People form opinions about you. Whether they are right or wrong doesn't enter the equation. You, however, can change their opinions by demonstrating the personality characteristics and attitudes that match the way you want to be viewed. In becoming self-aware, understanding how others see you is an important step. This can be painful； but if you are brave enough to try it, it can be an excellent growth experience.Change is not easy, especially when it has to do with your behaviors. You should break the behavior change into small steps because small steps are easier to achieve and more likely to last. The change will be permanent if you want to change for yourself.18.The author mentions Miguel in order________.A. to show the importance of personalityB. to introduce the topic of the passageC. to tell us that Miguel is a changeable personD. to give us an example of multiple pers onality19.The purpose for writing this passage is to_______.A. help you to get along well with othersB. give you advice on how to be happyC. help you to get rid of our bad behaviorsD. help you to develop a good personality20. You should be self-aware because________.A. it may help you on the way to successB. it is a matter of failure or successC. it will surely make you happy and successfulD. it helps you to create a better image21.What may be talked about after this passage?A. Detailed steps of changing your behaviors.B. Why it is important to improve yourself.C. Why it is hard to change your personality.D. Tips on how to get along well with others.(F) A new phone eraCHINA was predicted to become the world’s top smartphone market by the end of 2012, overtaking the US, according to . Surprised? You shoul dn’t be. Just take a look around the next time you’re on the subway or riding the bus: It seems that just about everyone these days is busily tapping away on their phones, playing games and sending e-mails.For technology companies, smartphones are the biggest business around. Apple’s iPhone is now worth more than some of the largest companies in the world, including Mi crosoft. But it’s not just the corporations making the money. The smartphone boom has provided opportunities for people to make and sell their own apps.Nick D’Aloisio, just 17 years old, hit the news headlines in November for making a brand new app for reading news, called Summly, which cleverly uses equations (方程式) to turn stories into short summaries. I t shot up to number nine in the charts just two hours after its release in the US. But he’s not the only young person seizing this opportunity.So where will smartphones go next? A lot of new ideas have been proposed. Google, for example, has recently shown off a type of smartphone you can actually wear like a pair of glasses. If successful, this new product promises to pave a new future for communicating. However, there are others who argue that smartphone makers have reached a limit i n revolutionary ideas. Either way, there’s no sure way of predicting the future. After all, who can tell when a groundbreaking (开创性的) idea might hit them?But perhaps there are bigger questions than this.“I fear the day that technology will surpass our human interaction,” Albert Einstein once said. “The world will have a generation of idiots.”This statement is beginning to ring true. If our grandparents had been told that in the year 2012 everyone would walk around looking at computers in their hands, would they have believed it?In an ever-connected world of social networks, have we actually become unsociable? Is the fascination turning into a dangerous addiction? There are certainly positive and negative aspects of the smartphone culture. We hope you enjoy this exploration into some of them.21. With the example of Nick D’Aloisio, the author intends to tell us that _____.A. the new app for reading news has been well received since its releaseB. the smartphone boom has inspired many people to make apps and succeedC. there is an increasing demand for news readi ng with the popularity ofsmartphonesD. many corporations and people earn money by making and selling apps forsmartphones22. What is one of the bigger questions facing us in the era of smartphones accordingto the last tw o paragraphs?A. Overuse of technology.B. The limit in revolutionary ideas.C. The loss of human interaction.D. Trouble with new ways ofcommunication.23. Which of the following best shows the structure of the article?。