新动SAT语法讲义

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新SAT文法讲义语法知识点加巩固练习-词法考点

新SAT文法讲义第一章词法Conventions of UsageChapter 1—-Pronoun1. Number, Person& Case1.1 Number: pronoun≠ antecedentE.g. Until it can be replaced by a faster, more efficient, and more economical means of transportation, trucks will carry most of the freight within and through metropolitan areas.1.2 Person: shifts in personI/We/He/She/They--------YouOne-------------------------------YouE.g. Although (A) one likes to believe (B) that your own (C) children are beautiful, intelligent, and well behaved, what one believes is not always the case (D).1.3 Case1.3.1 句子中使用主格的情况。

1) 代词作为主语的时候She is weird.2) 代词作为表语的时候E.g. It was he who fell into the water.1.3.2 句子中使用宾格的情况。

1) 动词宾语The music carried them away.2) 介词宾语a. between you and meb. to Sherry and herc. among us womend. at use. from her and himf. with me and youE.g. 1 After engaging(A) in a spirited debate, everyone except Tom and I(B)decided(C) to watch the latest action film, even though the rest of the group had already seen(D) it.E.g. 2 Last summer, when Mary’s aunt and Uncle flew from(A) Turkey to visit their relatives and tour(B) the United States, Mary invited Sandhya and I(C) to her house to meet(D) them.补充考点：比较句中代词的格：To find the correct pronoun in a comparison that uses than or as, complete the comparison using the verb that would follow naturally.a.Jackie runs faster than she ( ).b.My brother has bigger feet than I ( ).c.Carol is as tough as he ( ).1.3 Case考点单句练习1.Judith took my sister and (I, me) to the magic show last night.2.We thought that Matilda and Jorge would be there, and sure enough, we saw (she, her ) and (he, him ) sitting in the front row.3.During the intermission, Jorge came over and asked my sister and (I, me ) to go out after the show.4.Between you and (I, me ) the magician was terrible.5.It must also have been a bad evening for (he, him ) and his assistant, Roxanne.2.Possessive Determiner:2.1 Possessive Pronoun使用规则：Possessive Pronoun+N常用代词：its/their/his/her/your/our/my+N区别：its/it’s/his/he’s/whose/who’sIt’s 表示缩写it’s=it is/it hasIts+Nhe’s=he is/ he hashis+Nwho’s=who is/who haswhose+N2.2 Ns&N’s区别e.g. Waterway’s=waterway’s+Nwaterways=名词复数,作主语，作宾语考点：易混表达（1）its & it’s & its’1）its’出现必错2）its+n的核心词为its后的名词3）it’s（it is/it has的缩写）为主谓结构E.g. 1One of the Liveliest folk music forms to develop in the twentieth century is Tejano music. Also known as Tex Mex or border music because of it’s having origins on both sides of the Texas-Mexico border, this form combines elements from Spanish, German, and English musical traditions.A) NO CHANGEB) itsC) it’sD) its’（2）who’s & whose1）whose+n的核心词为其后的名词2）who’s（who is或who has的缩写）为主谓结构E.g. 2 You have to admire the honesty of a company who’s slogan is “Just About the Best.”A) NO CHANGEB) whoseC) that’sD) that the（3）they’re & their & there1）their+n的核心词为their后的名词2）they’re（they are的缩写）为主谓结构3）there经常作为发音相似的干扰项出现E.g. 3As the dancers step the music, they are also stepping in time to a sound that embodies their unique history and suggests the influence of outside cultures on their music.A) NO CHANGEB) they’reC) it’sD) its’E.g. 4 Teachers provide in-depth language understanding, and children are rewarded for improving his or her communication skills.A) NO CHANGEB) one’sC) thereD) their3. Pronoun clarity考点1. 多指代E.g. To keep birds from eating seeds, soak them in blue food coloring. （them在此句会产生歧义，应改为seeds）考点2. 无指代E.g. Scientists have determined that the cause of white-nose syndrome is a fungus—Pseudogymnoascus destructans—that flourishes in cold, wet environments and reproduces bygenerating spores that can lodge in the floors and walls of caves as well as onwing membranes, and hairless body parts.（their 没有指代对象）考点3. this 的使用1. this指代前一句话E.g. Typically, the ice sheet begins to show evidence of thawing in late summer. This follows several weeks of higher temperatures.2. this+N使用E.g. Box is currently organizing an expedition to gather this crucial information.4. Relative Pronoun4.1 that/who/whom/which指代对象4.2 who/whom区别4.3介词＋which&when/where/why区别补充1：that/who/whom/which/whose+不完整句子补充2：THAT&WHICH的跳跃指代1. A+prep.+B+that Clausethat即可以指代A也可以指代B，但是不能指代从句或句子E.g. The labor union is negotiating a contract with the hospital that will satisfy the demands of the workers.2. WHICH的代词用法—-Which只能就近指代前面的名词或名词短语E.g.Wrong: Jim biked along an old dirt road to get to his house, which cut through the woods.Right: To get to his house, Jim biked along an old dirt road, which cut through the Woods.真题练习：1.The article goes on to suggest that the most valuable resources provided by coworking spaces are actually the people whom use them.A) NO CHANGEB) whom usesC) who usesD) who use2. Because today’s students can expect to hold multiple jobs—some of which may not even exist yet—during our lifetime, studying philosophy allows them to be flexible and adaptable.A) NO CHANGEB) one’sC) his or herD) their3. Scientists knew this but did not recognize how large a role they played in helping kelp forests to significantly decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.A) NO CHANGEB) how large a role that it playedC) how large a role sea otters playedD) that they played such a large role4. It was the brainchild of former journalist Martine Postma, wanting to take a practical stand in a throwaway culture.A) NO CHANGEB) whom wantsC) who wantedD) she wanted5. Just as travelers taking road trips today may need to take a break for food at a rest area along the highway, settlers traversing the American West by train in the mid-1800s often found themselves in need of refreshment.A) NO CHANGEB) himself or herselfC) their selvesD) oneself6. These Harvey Houses, which constituted the first restaurant chain in the United States, was unique for its high standards of service and quality.A) NO CHANGEB) were unique for theirC) was unique for theirD) were unique for its7. This may not be much of a problem with certain kinds of apples that are not naturally very fragrant, such as Granny Smith, but for apples that are prized for their fruity fragrance, such as McIntosh, this can be a problem with consumers, that will reject apples lacking the expected aroma.A) NO CHANGEB) TheyC) whichD) who8. Artists associated with this began to rediscover and promote the work of the Mexican muralists, particularly Siqueiros.A) NO CHANGEB) itC) themD) this movement补充练习：1. Music seems to be universal, which exists in some form in all human cultures.A) NO CHANGEB) where it existsC) exitsD) existing2. After the end of the First World War, Fridtjof Nansen directed several of the League of Nations'humanitarian programs, which caused his winning a Nobel Peace Prize in 1922.A) NO CHANGEB) programs, he therefore wonC) programs, this is why he wonD) programs and consequently won3. One reason fish spoils faster than meat is due to the fact that the muscle fibers of fish are specialized to function best in cold environments.A) NO CHANGEB) meat is because of the fact thatC) meat, which is becauseD) meat is that4. Wolves are now classified as an endangered species in all the lower forty-eight states except Minnesota, after which the animals began migrating from Canada in the 1960s.A) NO CHANGEB) from whichC) whenD) into which5. Unlike seve ral decades ago, today’s librarians teach students to evaluate the accuracy and objectivity of online resources in addition to helping them find particular books.A)NO CHANGEB)Unlike them ofC)Unlike those ofD)Contrary to6. Public transportation in the suburbs and outlying areas is generally not as convenient and reliable as it is in the city.A) NO CHANGEB) as they areC) as thoseD) as getting around7. John and Bob had been friends since kindergarten because he was good at soccer and ready to laugh at any joke.A) NO CHANGEB) kindergarten because they were not only good soccer playersC) kindergarten because each was good at soccerD) kindergarten, being not only good soccer players8. Mayor Julia Wilson's daughter told us that she had decided not to run for reelection, even thoughthere is still much to do to improve the downtown district.A) NO CHANGEB) the decision was that her mother would not run to be reelectedC) her mother had decided not to run for reelectionD) she decided that she will not run to be reelected9. High school graduates usually do not end up earning as much income as college graduates do, this being why so many high school students go on to pursue college degrees.A) NO CHANGEB) do, this is why so many high school studentsC) do; this fact explains why so many high school studentsD) do; this fact explaining the reason for why so many high school students10. Furthermore, the board offered no evidence to back up it’s claim that such clothing created a negative educational environment.A) NO CHANGEB) they’reC) itsD) ones11. His challenge initiated a review, of students’ rights and administrative responsibility in public education.A) NO CHANGEB) review, of students’ rights,C) review of students’ rightsD) review of students’ rights,12. About halfway through the school year, I learned that the exchange program was looking for a new home for Ligia. After a severe storm, the basement of her hosts house had flooded, leaving two bedrooms unusable.A) NO CHANGEB) her hosts’C) Ligia’s hostsD) Ligias host’s13. We plan the contents of the year’s issues, page by page.A) NO CHANGEB) years issues,C) years issuesD) issue’s for the year,14. Babies first attempts at speech generate excited responses from adults who encourage and guidethe children toward more precise and complex speech.A) NO CHANGEB) Baby’sC) BabysD) Babies’15. It’s also fast, the thousands of Washingtonians who dash from home to work and back sometimes ignore the posted speed limit.A) NO CHANGEB) It’ also fast:C) Its also fast:D) Its also fast,16. The movie Dracula, featuring it’s batlike title character who feeds on human blood, is just one of many sources of people’s erroneous ideas about bats. BA) NO CHANGEB) with itsC) based on its’D) who’s17. Some people believe bats are rodents; others think bats are a kind of bird. AA) NO CHANGEB) rodents, others,C) rodents othersD) rodents and others’18. Roberto Clemente, the Pittsburgh Pirates right fielder from 1955 to 1972, was one of baseballs most gifted athletes.A) NO CHANGEB) one, of baseball’sC) one, of baseballsD) one of baseball’s19. One panel is sewn into the piece’s top border, the other into it’s bottom border. CA) NO CHANGEB) its’C) itsD) their20. Méliès, a French magician, was fascinated by the workings of the new motion picture camera. Specializing in stage illusions, he thought the camera offered potential to expand its spectacular magic productions.A) NO CHANGEB) theirC) hisD) it’sChapter 2. Agreement5. Noun Agreement考点. SN一致1) Noun Agreement in formsE.g.1Today more and more women are becoming doctors, lawyers, engineers, chemists, or other professions.A) or other professionsB) or they work in other professionsC) or at work in other professional fieldsD) or professionals in other fields2) Noun Agreement in contentsE.g.2 Those enrolled in the leadership training courses have evolved into dynamic, confident managers from an inexperienced and uncertain newcomer just a month ago.A) from an inexperienced and uncertain newcomerB) from the inexperienced and uncertain newcomers they wereC) from being inexperienced and uncertain newcomersD) instead of the inexperienced and uncertain newcomers of补充考点：SS一致：Noun Agreement in comparisonE.g.1 Commuters in the 1990s encountered more traffic delays than the 1970s and 1980s.A) thanB) than didC) than the traffic problems ofD) than commuters did in6. Subject－verb Agreement考点1：向前一致S+长串修饰语+V长串修饰语：1.介词短语2.定语从句3.插入语4.形容词短语5.分词短语6.同位语E.g.：A city in northern ChinaA city famous for its beautiful mountainsA city visited by large numbers of celebritiesA city consisting of several prosperous economic zonesA city, home of coffee beansA city, which is famous for its beautiful mountainsE.g.1 French mountain honey made (A) from linden blossoms, which are sometimes called (B) “lime blossoms,” have (C) a distinctively (D) citrus flavor.E.g.2 The regularly scheduled (A) conference between my tutor and me is (B) set for Friday, but my low grades in chemistry requires (C) me to arrange an earlier meeting.重点讲解1: 介词短语：N1+prep+N2结构prep= in/one/by/of/for/with/at/from/to/viaprep phrase=1) A as well as B2) A no less than B3) A rather than B4) A together/along with B5)A except B6) A besides BE.g.1 The loyalty of British families to specific brands of toothpaste have (A) been cited by (B) historians as evidence (C) of the growing influence (D) of advertising during the early twentieth century.*Designates a collection, or group, of individuals: audience, committee, faculty, family, jury, chorus, or government.A list of studentsA collection of toys + V (singular)A line of treesA crowd of visitorsE.g.2 A noisy, unwieldy (A) crowd of onlookers were jostling (B) and milling around (C) at the scene of the accident, impeding (D) the progress of the medical technicians.Pay Attention to“number”A number of + V (plural)The number of + V (singular)重点讲解2: 定语从句S+who/which/that/whose/whom+...+V (V)N1＋介词＋N2+who/which/that/whose/whom+...注意指代对象为N1还是N2重点讲解3: 插入语S，插，VOS—插—VO考点2. 倒装一致：(一) Complete Inversion1. Prep. (+n.) …+V. +S.On the mountain lies a temple.注意是否有逗号：At the end of the year, Ligia went home to Colombia.E.g.2 In the foothills of that large mountain range is (A) the sources of a river whose course (B) was not fully mapped (C) until (D) this century.2. P+LV.+SGone are the days when we often played in the fields together.Absent from school are Tim and David.例题：长难句阅读Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.E.g.2 Inscribed on the wall is(A)the names of those who left (B)their(C)homes in the village to travel (D)to the United State.（二）Incomplete Inversion1. Only + adverbial +helping word + S+VOnly in this city can you see such a beautiful sunset.注意：Only the teachers are allowed to use the room.(only后跟名词不倒装)E.g.1 Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied (A) for years, but (B) only recently has (C) the harmful effects of noise pollution become (D) known.2. Negative words + helping word + S+VNever could I find the picture.3. So+adj. /adv +helping word +S+VSo quickly did he run that no one could get him.4. N./adj. + as +S+VPoor as he was, he was honest.例题：长难句阅读Out of America's fascination with all things antique has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that is bringing back the chaise lounge, the overstuffed sofa, and the claw-footed bathtub.考点补充1. 并列主语Compound SubjectConsists of two or more subjects joined by a coordinating conjunctionand, both…and…Li Lei and Han Meimei are good friends.Seeing and listening are two ways of accepting new information.E.g.1Both her work on community service projects and her dedication to learning (A)has gained (B) Ms. Stevens the respect of (C) the entire (D) faculty.Pay Attention to “each”Each paper and exam contributes to your final grade.The research paper and the final exam each contribute 25 percent toward your final grade.考点补充2. 就近一致1) A or B2)Not A but B3)Either A or B B的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数4) A nor B5)Not only A but also B6) Neither A nor B7) There beE.g.1 Of (A) the two options, neither (B) the system of appointing judges to the bench nor the process of electing (C) judges are (D) entirely satisfactory.There is an apple and two bananas.There are two bananas and an apple.E.g.2 There is (A), in spite of the large bay window and (B) the new floors, many reasons, such as the poor location and the small basement, for (C) Nancy not to buy (D) the house.真题练习：1.On the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), for example, students intending to study philosophy in graduate school has scored higher than students in all but four other majors.A) NO CHANGEB) have scoredC) scoresD) scoring2. This trend, combined with the increasing accessibility of information via the Internet, has led some to claim that librarianship is in decline as a profession.A) NO CHANGEB) haveC) which haveD) which has3. As I walked through the exhibit, I overheard a visitors’ remark,“You know, that grandfather clock actually runs.A) NO CHANGEB) visitors remarking,C) visitor remarked,D) visitor remark4. Like any other health problems, these ailments can increase employee absenteeism, which, in turn, is costly for employers.A) NO CHANGEB) areC) is beingD) have been5. Yet some of the earliest known works of art, including paintings and drawings tens of thousands of years old found on cave walls in Spain and France, portrays animals.A) NO CHANGEB) portrayingC) portrayD) has portrayed6. According to such organizations as the US Environmental Protection Agency, the minute amountsof residue falling within such limits have no negative impact on human health.A) NO CHANGEB) is havingC) has hadD) has7. Not all research into regional English varieties requires such time, effort, and resources, however.A) NO CHANGEB) are requiringC) have requiredD) require8. Proponents of organic food, of course, are quick to add that their are numerous other reasons to buy organic food, such as, a desire to protect the environment from potentially damaging pesticides or a preference for the taste of organically grown foods.A) NO CHANGEB) there areC) there isD) their is补充练习：1. Sui Sin Far and Edith Eaton are both a name (A) used by an early twentieth-century writer whose(B) psychological realism continues to bring (C) her characters to life (D) for today’s readers.2.In the early twentieth century, telephone companies supported (A) the cause of (B) financial independence for women by providing (C) many with respectable jobs as a switchboard operator (D).3. Cino de Mayo, or May 5 , the date of a famous military victory , is celebrated with such an activity as dancing , parades, musical performances, and feasts.A)NO CHANGEB)with an activity such asC)with such activities asD)in such activities like4. Introducing(A) new ideas and replacing old ones(B) are(C) a highly controversial matter , especially when(D) there is already tension between an older and a younger generation.5. The Andes mountain chain, which includes some of the Western Hemisphere’s highest peaks, are much more formidable as barriers to transportation than the Rocky Mountains are.A) NO CHANGEB) are barrier, and much more formidableC) is a much more formidable barrierD) as barriers, are much more formidable6. A significant factor (A) to include in the budget when buying (B) a car are the costs of (C) fuel and maintenance and the insurance payments (D).7. Anne Tyler's novel The Accidental Tourist features (A) a character whose (B) obsession with saving time and money are (C) absurd, yet somehow plausible.8. Peter's seemingly effortless (A) flights, achieved through (B) the use of sophisticated technical equipment, continues (C) to delight those who see the play Peter Pan.9.Critics contend that (A) reforms in welfare has not managed (B) to bring the high percentage of our nation's children living in poverty the economic security that they need (C) to thrive.10. The record left by fossils, the ancient remains of plants and animals, provide (A) scientists with(B) their primary source of (C) information about prehistoric life.11. Available through the school’s guidance office is (A) a job directory and a list of job referral centers that provide (B) information for students in need of (C) employment.12. Mastery of (A) cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques are (B)mandatory for (C) firefighters and police officers as wells as rescue squad volunteers.13. The professor’s insistence on high standards and rigorous examinations are(A) not, despite what students think, part of(B) a plan to withhold high grades from them(C).14. Although the exact cause of type 2 diabetes is unknown, experts say that for some people improper diet and lack of exercise contributes to the onset of the disease.A)exercise contributesB)exercise, they contributeC)exercise contributeD)exercise, contributing15. Many farmers and agronomists believe that the recent boom in crop production—fueled by the intensive use of farmland and increased dependence on herbicides and pesticides-have come with hidden costs.A)NO CHANGEB)hasC)areD)OMIT the underlined portion16.During (A) the night, there is (B) usually two German shepherds at the warehouse to guard against(C) robbery attempts.17. Although the details of the contract has (A) not yet been announced, it is likely that (B) union negotiators accepted the proposed training program for (C) newly hired workers.18. A newly formed organization of homeowners and business people have met with (A) the transportation department to voice (B) its concerns about (C) plans for a shopping mall in the community.19. Freedom of action and expression are (A) at the foundation not only of our system of government but also of our expectations concerning (B) human relations at all (C) Level s of society.20. The newly elected (A) Prime Minister, to the dismay (B) of opponents from other parties, have argued (C) for the strict regulation of campaign financing.21. Biologists working to rescue the giant condor from extinction uses radio telemetry and satellite signals to track banded birds.A) uses radio telemetry and satellite signals to trackB) using radio telemetry and satellite signals to trackC) use radio telemetry and satellite signals to trackD) to track, by use of radio telemetry and satellite signals,22. A soft lullaby and the drumroll of thunder during a summer storm are but two of the diverse sounds that can be perceived by the human ear.A) that can be perceived by the human earB) that is perceived by the human earC) in which the human ear can perceiveD) that they can perceive with the human earthe proposed health clinics and the proposed(D) opportunities.27. The credit for making Franz Kafka internationally(A) famous as a writer belong(B) to his friend,novelist Max Brod, who edited(C) Kafka’s unpublished manuscripts and then(D) had them published, despite Kafka’s dying wishes to the contrary.28.Although the details of the contract has(A) not yet been announced, it is likely that(B) union negotiators accepted the proposed(C) training program for(D) newly hired workers.29. During the night, there is(B) usually two German shepherds at the warehouse to guard against(C) robbery attempts(D).30. Although(A) naturalists have identified six hundred different forms of the corion snail, there is(B) actually no more than(C) two true species within(D) this genus.31. Inscribed on the wall is(A) the names of those who left(B) their(C) homes in the village to travel(D) to the United States.32. A newly formed organization of homeowners and business people have met with(A) the transportation department to voice(B) its concerns about(C) plans for(D) a shopping mall in the community.33. After(A) 140 years under the sea(B), the remains of the Monitor, an ironclad warship that was sunk during the Civil War, is being(C) gradually brought to(D) the surface.34. Innovative use of computers in the classroom allows students to undertake(A) projects that encourages them(B)to be both(C) analytical and intellectually adventurous(D).35. Freedom of action and expression are(A) at the foundation not only of(B) our system of government but also of our expectations concerning(C)human relations at all(D) Level s of society.36. The United States is the world’s largest producer of(A) cranberries and cranberry products, most(B) of which is consumed(C) there and in(D) Canada.37. The uncompromising(A) tone of a recent city hall ordinance concerning(B) the blocking of emergency vehicles in traffic jams carry(C) a stem warning to(D) motorists.38. At the heart of the program, enthusiastically endorsed(A) by the city's business association, is(B) plans for refurbishing neighborhoods and for making(C) low, interest mortgages available to(D) young families.39. The candidate called for medical insurance reform, but to me he seemed less interested in the plight of uninsured citizens than in(B) whether enough is(C) registered(D) to vote.40. The newly elected(A) Prime Minister, to the dismay(B) of opponents from other parties, haveargued(C) for the strict regulation of(D) campaign financing.41. The historic Woodacre building, which house(A) several university departments, was demolished to make(B)room for(C) a parking lot, dismaying alumni who had supported(D) the university for decades.42. Only by tapping(A) their last reserves of energy was(B) the team members able to salvage(C)what was beginning(D) to look like a lost cause.43. Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied (A) for years, but (B) only recently has(C) the harmful effects of noise pollution become (D) known.46. Absent from(A) the speech were(B) any mention of the students and laboratory technicians upon whose(C)contributions the chemist had depended heavily(D).47. Never before had(A) a group of artists been so isolated(B) from society and from(C) official patronage as was(D)the so-called Impressionists.48. The grooved and barbed spears of the box jellyfish, each(A) trailed by(B) a poison thread, is released(C) when(D)the animal is threatened.49. Waterways close to land poses(A) challenges to navigation that differ(B)greatly from(C)those(D) posed by the openseas.Chapter3.Verb8. Tense1. Simple past(did)an action occurs in the pastTime range: recently, yesterday, ago, in+过去时间，last year；E.g. I work in a travel agency now. I worked in a shop last year.E.g.1 Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu has disproved a widely accepted theory of physics when she showed that identical nuclear particles do not always act alike.A) as disprovedB) having disprovedC) disprovedD) disprovesE.g.2 As I entered the Pantheon, a building that has existed in Rome since ancient times, my brother is turning to me to whisper that the great rotunda of the Pantheon was a haven of peace and harmony.A) is turning to me to whisperB) turned to me and whisperedC) turns and also whispers to meD) would turn and whisper to me。

SAT语法学习讲义

SAT语法学习讲义SAT语法学习讲义修辞倒装1.在以never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom, not only, not until, nor, little, nowhere, hardly….when, no sooner….than, by no means, under no circumstances 等开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。

这些都是表示否定或半否定意义的词或词组。

例如：Never have I come across such a difficult problem. 我还从没有遇到过这样困难的问题。

Seldom do I read such magazines. 我很少读这种杂志。

No sooner had they left than the bus arrived. 他们刚走，公共汽车就来了。

2.在以"only+状语"开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。

这里only后面必须跟有它修饰的状语或状语从句，这是关键。

否则就不倒装。

例如：Only after the war was over was man able to realize the wickedness of the atomic bomb. 只是在战争结束后人类才意识到原子弹的可恶。

(注意：only 引导的状语从句不倒装，主句倒装。

) Only then did I realize the importance of English. 只在那时我才意识到英语的重要性。

Only in this way can we improve ourselves. 只有用这种方法我们才能不断提高自己。

Only after you finish it can you leave. 只有结束它以后，你才能离开。

(主句倒装) 注意：Only 如不在句首，或only 修饰的不是状语，则不倒装。

SAT语法讲义（完整版）

SAT语法讲义（完整版）SAT语法讲义Identifying Sentence Errors一、主谓一致1. 就前原则(1) N1 of N2 verb（SAT考试中动词的单复数与N1有关，与N2无关）如：a group of students arethe details of the problems are例：The bright (A) fiberglass sculptures of Luis Jimenez has received (B) critical acclaim not only (C) in his home state, New Mexico, but also in (D) New York.No error (E). (P161.1)(2) 名词1+介词+名词2 如：students in the classroom名词，插入语，verb名词+doing/done 如：students studying hard例：Flints found in (A) the region extending from the Nile Valley to (B) the highlands of eastern Iraq attests to (C) the presence of people there as long ago as (D) one hundred thousand years. No error (E). (P166.3)2.“欲擒故纵”法动词单复数做题基本原则是就前原则，如果句子太长、太难、太复杂时，用“欲擒故纵”法。

3.动词单复数的特殊固定用法(1) a number of 一些；一般情况下其后动词用复数，（不受任何规律限制）；the number of …的数量；其后的动词在任何情况下都用单数。

量词考点：a group/list/line of 使用“就前原则”(2) 倒装结构：就后原则。

SAT语法讲义2(Pronoun Errors)

数人称格词义
主格宾格
单数
一
我 I me
复数
三一
我 we us
二
你 you you
二
你 you you
三
他她它 they them
他她它 he she it him her it
人称代词的用法
1. 人称代词的主格在句子中作主语 Eg. I am from China. 注1：当几个人称代词同时作主语时，其顺序一般是：单数：you，he， and I；复数：we，you and they Eg. He and I are both college students We and you will play football. 注2：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中 Eg. When he arrived, John went strai词
表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词 Eg. this, that, these, those, such, etc. 指示代词的句法功能: a. 作主语 Eg. This is the way to do it. b. 作宾语 Eg. I like this better than that. c. 作介词宾语 Eg. I don't say no to that.
Identifying Sentence Errors
﹠
Improving Sentences
Error Classification
Pronoun Error
Misplaced Modifiers
Subject-Verb Agreement Faulty Parallelism Faulty Verb Tense Faulty Comparisons Idiom

SAT语法讲义3(Subject-verb Agreement)

Error Classification
Pronoun Error
Misplaced Modifiers
Subject-Verb Agreement Faulty Parallelism Faulty Verb Tense Faulty Comparisons Idiom
Sentence Fragments Adjectives/Adverbs Run-on Sentence
2. 连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语 Eg. ★ You look the same. ★ The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer.
主谓一致的三原则
1. 语法一致原则 2. 意义一致原则
3. 就近原则
语法一致原则
单主复主单谓复谓
Eg. ★The number of errors was surprising. ★ We love our motherland.
※ 谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、
“是什么” 或“怎么样”
※ 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后 ※ 谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成简单谓语和复合谓语
＊不论何种时态，语态，语气，凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都是简单谓语 Eg. ★ I like walking. ★ I made your birthday cake last night. ★ It is used by travelers and business people all over the world. ＊复合谓语 1. 情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的重复谓语 Eg. ★ What does this word mean? ★ I won’t do词或代词或其他词的数的形式，来决定其自身的数的形式 Eg. ★ Not only his children but also he himself wants to go there.（want） ★ Either my wife or I am going to work there. (be)

sat语法知识点

sat语法知识点SAT 语法知识点在准备 SAT 考试的过程中，语法部分是相当重要的一个环节。

掌握好SAT 语法的知识点，不仅能够帮助我们在考试中取得更好的成绩，还能提升我们实际的英语语言运用能力。

首先，让我们来谈谈句子结构。

一个完整的句子必须包含主语和谓语。

主语是句子所描述的主要对象，而谓语则是对主语动作或状态的描述。

例如，“The dog runs fast”中，“The dog”是主语，“runs”是谓语。

同时，我们要注意避免句子成分残缺或者多余的情况。

比如，“Because she was sick, so she stayed at home”这个句子就是错误的，因为“Because”和“so”不能同时使用，应该去掉其中一个。

接下来是标点符号的使用。

逗号在 SAT 语法中有着重要的作用。

在列举事物时，要用逗号将各项隔开，例如，“I like apples, bananas,and oranges”在复合句中，如果两个独立的句子之间没有连接词，就不能用逗号直接连接，比如，“I went to the store, I bought some milk”是错误的，应该加上连接词“and”。

还有主谓一致的问题。

这要求主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。

当主语是复数时，谓语动词也要用复数形式；主语是单数时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

比如，“The books are on the shelf”和“He plays football every day”时态也是 SAT 语法的一个重要考点。

常见的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时等等。

要根据句子所表达的时间来选择正确的时态。

比如，“I saw him yesterday”使用的是一般过去时，而“He has lived here for five years”使用的是现在完成时。

另外，代词的使用也有讲究。

代词要与其所指代的名词在数和性上保持一致。

SAT语法ppt课件

Time Allotted
Numbers of Questions
65 minutes
52
35 minutes
44
50 minutes
1
80 minutes
58
230 minutes (with essay) 155(with essay)
精选版课件ppt
4
SAT算分规则
作文不算分阅读与语法：800
B) In fact, many librarians, whose training now includes courses on research and Internet search methods, teach classes in Internet navigation, database and software use, and digital information literacy.
1. 句子结构要正确（造句的两大原则） 2. 句子间的语义逻辑要正确 3. 句子要简洁
D) summer and this evidence follows
精选版课件ppt
21
In fact, librarians’ training now includes courses on research and Internet search methods. Many of whom teach classes in Internet navigation, database and software use, and digital information literacy.
Which choice most effectively combines the underlined sentences?

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SAT 语法部分简介语法部分属于SAT reasoning test 中得写作(writing)板块,与essay writing 分值一起组成写作板块得总分。

SAT语法之所以被划分在Writing Skills当中,就是因为它实际就是考查考生对英语得标准书面语(Standard Written English)得掌握程度,并非琐碎复杂得语法知识,SAT语法规则有时与我们通常所学得语法书上得知识点有所出入,规则也不尽相同。

其考试题型与考试重点也与中国得语法题目大相径庭。

因此SAT得语法具有特殊性,它追求得就是“好得语法”,就是恰当得,最符合英语国家文化传统与语言习惯得用法。

SAT得语法规则,也就就是像OG当中所阐述得那样,就是一种“the rules of good written English”,具有准确,清晰,简洁得特点,杜绝口语化、模糊与冗余得表达。

表现在做题方面,不仅仅会考到您就是否能判断这个句子正确与否,而且会考到这个句子就是否有效与简洁。

这就大大提升了题目得难度。

比如说有些句子在TOEFL中就是对得,但就是在SAT语法里面就就是错误得,因为它不够简洁有效。

整个语法部分包括三种题型:ISE(Identifying sentence errors,即挑错题)、IS(Improving sentences,即句子改进题)、IP(Improving paragraphs,即段落改进题),所有题目均为五选一。

SAT语法部分得49个选择题分布在两个section,其中 ISE(句子挑错题)18 小题、IS(句子改进题)25 小题、IP(段落改进题)6 小题。

三种题型所考查得侧重点各不相同,从OG与真题上对各部分考试目得与内容得解析中可以得出这一点。

如在 ISE得介绍中,对考生得要求就是“The ability to recognize grammar and usage errors”,强调语法与固定用法得使用就是否正确;而IS对考生得要求则变成了“the ability to recognize and write clear, effective and accurate sentences”,从语法知识转移到了清晰,准确,简洁得表达方式。

这种题型对中国学生而言要比句子挑错题更难适应,由于在中国得英语教育中,(尤其就是大家在中国得写作考试过程中为了凑字数往往就是故意把句子写得比较废话)对于“简洁”这一知识点得训练几乎就是空白,而这恰恰又就是修改句子得重要解题思路; IP 与前两种题型得差别较大,要求考生“to understand how the sentences and the paragraphs work together”,既然就是考查句子与段落之间如何作用,那么除了修改句子结构,合并句子得题目外,还会有一部分题就是要求对文章做出相应得改动、插入、或者提炼文章主题。

样题(题目横线下面有字母,要求选择有语法错误得一项。

)The other (A) delegates (B) immediately (C) accepted the resolution drafted (D) by the neutral states、 No error (E)、SAT 语法一、名词 Noun(一)、语法知识梳理１.可数名词得复数表示两个以上得概念时,可数名词应该用复数。

①一般情况下,在单数可数名词之后加 s;②如果就是以 s, sh, ch, x, z 结尾,则加 es;③如果以 o 结尾,一般情况下加 es,某些情况下只加 s,如 radio - radios, photo - photos, piano - pianos 等,或既可加 s,也可加 es,如buffalo - buffaloes(s), volcano - volcanoes(s), mosquito - mosquitoes(s)等;④如果就是以辅音字母加 y结尾得,变 y为 i,再加 es;⑤如果就是以元音字母加 y结尾得,则只加 s;⑥如果就是以 f或 fe结尾得,一般将 f或 fe改为 v,再加 es,在某些情况下只加 s,如 roof - roofs,cliff - cliffs, gulf - gulfs。

⑦特殊复数形式man – men, foot – feet, goose – geese, child – children, mouse – mice, datum – date, medium – media, radius - radii２.不可数名词不可数名词,如物质名词与抽象名词,无复数形式,前面不能接 a/an, one, two, three, each, several, many, these, those, 等表示具体数量得修饰词,但可接 the, some, much, a little, lot of, a great deal of, plenty of, 等。

做主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。

如: air, smoke, steam, sugar, salt, rice, equipment, dust, love, luck, enjoyment 等。

３.某些不可数名词变为复数后,具有不同得意义常考得这类名词:color 颜色——colors 旗帜 custom 习俗,习惯——customs 海关,关税force 力量——forces 海陆空三军 glass 玻璃——glasses 眼镜work 工作——works 作品 authority权威——authorities 当局nature 自然,性质——natures 性质 paper 纸——papers 文件,证件sand 沙——sands 沙滩 time 时间——times 时代water 水——waters 水域,海洋 manner 方式——manners 举止,礼貌humanity人类——humanities 人类得品德 oil 油——oils 油画４.以 s 结尾瞧起来像复数形式,实为单数得名词某些名词,如疾病名称,科学名称,比赛名称与专有名称,以 s 结尾,瞧起来象复数形式,实则为单数,故谓语动词用单数,而且它们得前面不能接不定冠词 a/an,常出现得这类名次包括: Athens雅典, athletics体育运动, billiards台球, checkers西洋跳棋, civics公民学, diabetes糖尿病, economics, electronics电子学, ethics伦理学, gymnastics体操, genetics遗传学, linguistics语言学, mathematics, measles麻疹, mechanics机械学,力学, mumps腮腺炎, Naples那不勒斯, news, obstetrics产科学, pediatrics儿科, Philippines, physics物理学, politics, statistics统计学, the United States, work 等注意: Statistics 当译为“统计数据”时,就是复数;当译为“统计学”时,为单数。

Economics当译为“经济政策”时,就是复数;当译为“经济学”时,就是单数。

５.单数与复数形式相同得名词某些名词得单数与复数形式相同,因此,谓语动词得数通常得视其修饰语而定。

常考得这类名词包括: aircraft, carp鲤鱼, Chinese, craft, crossroads, barracks军营, bellows 牛吼, deer, gallows绞架, gross总额, Japanese, headquarters总部, hover徘徊,盘旋, means手段方法, moose驼鹿, salmon鲑, series, sheep, species, swine猪, Swiss瑞士人, trout鲑, work等６.集合名词①大多数集合名词只有单数形式,使用时,如果表整体,谓语动词用单数;表成员,则用复数,常考得这类名词包括: audience, band, board, mittee, class, club, pany, congress, crowd, couple, crew, family, firm, flock, government, group, herd兽群, jury, majority, management, party, school鱼群, team, union 等②有得集合名词,如 people, police, folk, public, cattle, militia自卫队, poultry 家禽, livestock牲畜, youth, vermin害虫, folk, mankind 等常作复数使用,谓语动词用复数。

7.number of 与名词连用得单数或复数问题the number of 作句子主语时,谓语用单数;a number of 作句子主语时,谓语用复数。

８.名词得所有格①所有格得形式●单数 -‘s : Helen’s doctor,a dog’s tail,the boss’s secretary●复数 -s’ / -‘s : ladies’ hats,girls’ dogs,children’s toys,men’s hats ●复合名词最后一词+ ’s:my father-in-law’s hat,somebody else’s car●共同所有 - 最后一名词+ ’s Helen and Mary’s school●个别所有 - 各加’s Helen’s and Mary’s schools②无生命名词得所有格无生命名词得所有格不能在词尾加’s,一般须用 of 来表示;但就是,表时间,距离,长度,重量,价格,国家,城市,地区,地名,机构等得名词,拟人化得名词,放在 sake 前面得名词,以及其她得惯用语,也可加’s 或’构成其所有格。

如:a week’s holidays, ten mile’s walk, three pounds’ weight, the country’s plan, for God’s sake, to one’s heart’s content 等。

③名词得双重所有格名词得双重所有格,由of 短语与表示人得名词得’s 物主代词构成,前面一般有限定词 this, that, these, those, a/an, some, any, no, another ,each, two, several, such, which, what 等。