Features of News Headline
同济大学英语报刊选读复习资料(题型+重点+缩略词+网络版重点)
期末考试题型：1.Re-organizing sentences for a news report (10%)2.Matching headlines to lead paragraphs (10%)3.True or False questions about English journalism (cf. Appendix I below) (10%)4.Reading Comprehension (3 passages with 15 multiple-choice questions) (30%)5.Abbreviations in News reports (complete forms +Chinese translation) (10%)6.News Headline Analysis (10%) （Analyzing the stylistic features of 3 news headlines）7.News comment writing (20%) (about 200 words)1.Definition of journalism, medium, news报刊（p1）、媒介（p2）、新闻（p4）的定义2.Functions of mass communication vs functions of newspaper大众传播工具（p2）与报纸（p1）的功能3.News value; public interest; principles of newsworthiness新闻价值；公众兴趣；衡量新闻价值的原则（p4）4.Classification of news新闻的分类（p6）5.Five basic elements of news新闻的五个基本要素（p6）6.Legal concerns; codes of ethics法律关系；道德规范（p7）(General knowledge is enough. No need for word by word memorization.)（一般知识就够了。
新闻英语的语法特征.
(2) At least 26 people were killed at the weekend in a new army offensive in which the army fired rockets, artillery and mortars at targets around the town as air force made repeated strikes. 另一方面，记者为迅速、有效地抓住读者的注意力， 有时不得不采用被动语态，这可谓是英语新闻文体 的特征之一，因为它恰如其分地掌握了读者阅报时 的普遍心理。人们阅读时都是处于漫不经心的状态， 只有当念到感兴趣部分时才会集中注意力。为此， 被动语态将动作的承受者移至句首，正好起到这一 作用。例如 A brief case containing highly sensitive documents about British operations in Saudi Arabia was stolen. It was revealed last night to the press. But no details were provided.
The new post, undersecretary-general for administration and management, involves overall responsibility for budget and personal matters and is one of eight deputy positions created by Mr. Butros Ghali in a restructuring of the Secretariat announced on Friday, the officials said.
英语报刊新闻标题特点
英语报刊新闻标题特点The Features of English News Headline in Newspapers and Periodicals主题：英语新闻标题是新闻的集中和概括，是新闻的眼睛。
它用简练的文字浓缩了新闻最重要、最值得注意的内容。
阅读新闻标题是阅读英语报刊新闻的第一步。
然而，由于新闻文体的特殊性，英语新闻标题在其长期的发展中形成了独具特色的标题语言。
本文分别从用词、句法、语法、修辞等方面，用大量的实例向读者阐释了英语报刊新闻标题的特点。
以期对广大英文报刊新闻阅读者予以一定的帮助与启示。
Theme:English news headline, which is called the eye of English news, is a highly condensation of the contents. It can show us the most important information. Therefore, we can say that an accurate understanding to the headline is the first essential step. However, English news headline has been forming its own features, headlinese, due to the specialization of the news style. The thesis uses amount of examples to make a thorough analysis to English news headline in its morphology, syntax, grammar and rhetorical devices, which would be beneficial to the readers.提纲：一、英语新闻标题介绍(Introduction)1、1、新闻介绍新闻定义阅读英语报刊，仅注意版面上的新闻标题还远远不够，读者往往要在标题这个“向导”的引导下才能登堂入室，仔细阅读由标题所提示的有关新闻，这才是读报的真正目的。
报刊阅读(headlines)
Supplementary material of language features: News headline1. Major functions of a headlineTo attract the reader‟s attentionTo summarize the storyTo help the reader index the contents of the pageTo depict the mood of the storyTo help set the tone of the newspaperTo provide adequate typographic (排版、印刷上的) reliefNot every headline can accomplish each of the above-listed tasks, but reports and editors who write headlines with these goals in mind will write better headlines than those who ignore them.2. Types1）摘要(narrative headline)：这类标题提纲挈领，高度概括出新闻的主要内容，常用肯定句形式。
如：a. Girls Die in Blazeb. Taiwan Recognizes Mainland Currency2）设问(interrogative headline)：A. 表明未来可能发生某事。
如：OPEC to Raise Oil Output?B. 对某事的真实性表示怀疑。
如：A Europe “With One V oice”? (欧盟国家能真正用一个声音说话吗？)C. 说理。
如：Murder on Campus: Can It Be Averted?3）引语式标题(quotation headline)。
英语报刊阅读标题的作用
The characteristics of English News HeadlinesNumber:Name:The characteristics of English News HeadlinesAbstract: the news headline is an important part of English news, because the title is the readers to get as much information as possible in the shortest possible time language media, plays a unique role in the news. For the reader, read the headline is the first step of reading English newspapers. English news headlines are numerous and varied, but has its internal rules and characteristics, has its own unique title words, grammar and rhetoric. This paper examines some of the characteristics of English news headlines from the vocabulary, grammar and rhetoric in three aspects: simple, general, ellipsis, fresh, interesting.Language learning is a process of practice, for English learners, reading English newspaper is a shortcut to modern English pulse. The news headline is the first step of reading newspaper readers learn English, and many readers initially reading English newspaper, the problem the first encounter is the title. Just started reading English newspaper readers generally encountered such a problem: the title words realize, you don't understand or not fully understand. Because the newspaper headlines are simple, elliptical, humorous, not only to the main content of highly summarized news, play a role in the finishing touch, but also for the fascinating to try to put the title winning new innovation and full of color, make the reader "fall in love at first sight".1.vocabularyBrief summary is one of the major features of news headlines, in order to achieve this objective, the English news headlines are widely used terms, abbreviations and the so-called "small" (Midget Words).1.1 NOUNMaking "noun has the very strong expressive function, but also has extensive grammar tolerance (Grammaticality). It can act as a variety of part of speech, syntactic concept can be expressed by simple structure form complete." Noun (gerund, including compound nouns) can be widely used for word type caption or replace the adjectives (noun reduplication), phrases and clauses.(1)with the noun word type captionEntrepreneurs（创业者发迹史）Wineswomanship（妇女酗酒问题）(2) the noun reduplicationMiracle Rescue (神奇般获救）Taiwan’s UN Entry Proposal Opposed (台湾进入联合国提议遭到反对)(3)noun instead of phrases or clausesCorruption Reports Against Police Rise（指控警方受贿呼声四起）（corruption reports=reports on corruption complaints）Superkids? (超级儿童之谜)(Superkids?=Can Supermen Create Superkids?)1.2 AcronymTo save space, extensive use of acronyms in English news headlines (Abbreviations and Acronyms abbreviations and acronyms).(1)abbreviationsMaking making abbreviations, acronyms, i.e.. Abbreviations frequently appear in the title, but whether familiar or strange, whose full name is generally found in the body of the message the first time, confusion can be smoothly done or easily solved. Of course, in order to quickly read the headlines, readers need to be familiar with some of the commonly used abbreviations. The acronym often English title can be divided into three categories: the organization name, name and title or position. The following are a few examplesA.MechanismEU’s Future: The Vision and the Slog （EU=European Union）NATO: Who, What, Why? （NATO=North Atlantic Treaty Organization）B.The names of thingsCompany Looks to the Golden Arch Link in Chinese JV （JV=joint Venture）C.Position or titleTogo PM Strives to Solve Crisis (PM=Prime Minister)(2)AbbreviationComposition and abbreviations abbreviations are different, which is mainly through the tail or the middle part out of words, or the first of a word with the tail of another word which. Abbreviations are very active in English newspapers, and the number continues to increase, not only in the title, and often appear in the article. Such as:Indian Gov’t Wins Trust V ote in Parliament （Gov’t=Government）No hope for 118 Crew of Russian Sub （Sub=submarine）1.3 SmallSmall single syllable words is short, with the news body characteristics of the title words. Extensive use of words as a result of the newspaper. The length is limited by the small, can avoid the transitional, two is due to semantic category words very wide, and generally more vivid, flexible. Such as:Wages Accord Reached （accord代替agreement）TV Airs “Facts” on Arms Delivery （air代替 make known 或broadcast）Wages Accord Reached （accord代替agreement）TV Airs “Facts” on Arms Delivery （air代替 make known 或broadcast）Acronyms and words meet the eye everywhere in English news headlines, pieces too numerous to cite, here are a few. Beginners in learning to read English newspapers, summing up and remember these words and meaning will be of great advantage, to read the headline and article.2.GrammarEnglish news headlines is a unique set of grammatical system,in the use of tenses, the omission of words has its characteristics.2.1 TemporalMost of the news the event is just happened, is happening or will happen, according to the corresponding temporal rules of English grammar used verbs. But in order to highlight the event sense of reality and freshness, English news headlines almost all use the simple present tense, which is one of the important characteristics of English news headlines. Of course, in meaning and(1)The general said that the present:A.Have happened, such as:NASA Eyes China Ties as New Shenzhou Flies （“神舟3号”飞船上天，美关注与中国关系）B.What is happening, such as:S Korea Resumes US Beef Imports （韩国恢复进口美国牛肉）Soviets Assail US on A-tests （苏联人严厉谴责美国原子爆炸实验）(2)The infinitive said it would happen, such as:2 EC Officials to Visit U.S. to Pave Way for Trade Talks （两名欧共体官员将访问美国为贸易谈判铺平道路）Telecom to Be Privatized （英国电视通讯公司行将实行私人企业化）(3)The present participle for, such as:Radio, TV Coverage Widening （广播、电视覆盖面在拓宽） Deposits, Loans Rising in HK （香港储蓄与贷款额上升）(4)The past participle passive voice several tense:A.Now the state, such as:U.S. Car Makers Viewed as Threat by Europeans （美汽车制造商对欧洲人的威胁）（viewed=are viewed）B.In the past, such as:Beleaguered Bobbies （警察遭到围困） (beleaguered=were beleaguered)C.The ongoing state, such as:Brazil Elite Forced to Make Loans （巴西大亨被迫放贷） (forced=is being forced) D.Now complete the state, such as:Kissinger Institute Launched (基辛格学院成立) (launched=has been launched)In addition to the above the tense and the form, the title is sometimes seen in other tenses, mainly in order to highlight the movements of the time or for ideographic ormodality on request, such as:Unemployment in U.K. Increased in October（十月份英国失业率上升） U.S. Will Not Curb Arms for Israel (美国无意削减对以武器援助)2.2 EllipsisSyntactically, the biggest characteristic is to omit the title. Omit no notional word can greatly shorten the length of the title, be concise statement that, so general omission of function words in English news headlines. Omission of function words is the most articles and the verb "to be", followed by prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary verbs and pronouns, and sometimes even the notional words even if omitted, but does not affect the understanding.(1)Omission of function words, such as:Italian Ex-Mayor Murdered=(An) Italian Ex-Mayor (Is) Murdered Rail Chaos Getting Worse=(The) Rail Chaos (Is) Getting Worse(2)Omission of notional words, such as:Ballots, Not Bullets=(Algerians Want) Ballots, (Do) Not (Want) Bullets Carter and the 52=Carter and the 52 (American hostages in Iron)(3)Ellipsis clause, such as:When America Itself Is the Target= When America Itself Is the Target,（the Reaction in America Has Been Much Greater Than That in Britain to the Bomb s in Docklands and Manchester）3.RhetoricIn order to pursue novel or interesting, vivid image, in order to achieve, humor, sarcasm, the title often make use of various rhetorical devices, which is another major characteristics of English news headlines. The commonly used rhetorical devices, metaphor, exaggeration, rhyme, pun humorous or witty wording, or copiously quote authoritative works, the use of humorous slang etc..(1) MetaphorThe image of the words or language to be lively and vivid image of the title, interesting. Such as: A Dove Taking Wing this title, the United Nations as "a being off the dove of peace", because at the end of the cold war period, the United Nations has been in the U.S. - Soviet cooperation in accordance with the Western ideas played a peacemaking, regulation conflict controversial role, thus this metaphor is very vivid. Another example: Wall Street Takes a Dive , "take a dive " meaning "diving", the metaphor of stock market prices fell sharply. This expression gives people a sense of visual impact, very vivid, but also with the Chinese "diving" has different approaches but equally satisfactory results. The title can be translated as: Wall Street stock market plunge.(2)RhymeFor the pursuit of novelty in word form skillfully Italian arrangement in the title, in order to give the readers a visual and auditory beauty. Rhyme is a commontechnique, (alliteration) includes alliteration, rhyme, rhyme and rhyme symmetry interval (alternate rhyme) etc.. For example:Soldiers Salary Soars (头韵)Beware the Bear （尾韵）After the Boom Everything Is Gloom (对称押韵)Bovver Boy’s Hover Ploy （间隔押韵）(3)PunClever use of puns, the title of the article be full of wit and humour. Such as: Airbus Tries to Fly in a New Formation this title clever use of the word "fly", which refers to the Airbus Company's aircraft to fly, and refers to the company to take off. And as the: African Statesman Still Sowing Seeds for Future中，“sowing seeds”一语双关，指坦桑尼亚总统尼雷尔（Julius Nyerere）退休后，在远离大城市的一个村子里割种收播，以农为乐；同时非洲局势动荡，这位政界元老仍在为非洲的未来而“播种”。
thefeaturesofenglishnews
The Features of English News HeadlinesAbstractWith the gradual deepening of the opening policy and the entry the WTO, the Chinese people are more eager to know the world and to be known by the world. A large amount of information is transmitted by news media especially English news reports.Headline is the essential part of news report. As few peoplehave enough time to read the news from the beginning to the end, most readers try to know as much information as they can in the shortest possible time.And a good news headline plays a role of icing on the cake and making the finishing touch of the report and most importantly, it may catch the attention of the readers. Reading news headlines is the first step of reading English newspapers. Due to the special style of news, its headlines have long developed their own unique characteristics. So this thesis is intended to introduce some features of English news headlines, covering lexical features, grammatical features, rhetorical features and how to use the punctuation. Besides, in the international news, English news counts for a large proportion and headlines are treated as a summary of the news. In order to catch the readers’ attention, the editors al ways use a variety of techniques to enhance the attraction of the headlines, which brings enormous challenges to readers for English news headlines. In order to understand the English headlines well, readers should learn the features of English headlines.【Key Words】English news headlines; featuresIntroductionA piece of news is composed by three parts: headline，leading and body among which a headline is the epitome and highlight of the content of newspapers and periodicals.Headlines printed on the papers are the windows of the news and it can let readers know it is worth reading .it is essential for readers to understand headlines to decide which column should be read while which not.In this paper, features of using vocabulary , tense and voice，omission of words and using of various rhetoric of headlines from English newspapers and periodicals are approached for the purpose of giving a better understanding of the contents of news and i mproving English learners’ reading ability.Chapter 1Brief Introduction of English News Headlines Now in the information age, news begins to play a more and moreimportant role in our daily life. It provides people with the latest news in the world. A piece of news is usually composed of a headline, a lead and a body. Especially, the headline is the eye of a piece of news. Because people do not have enough time to read through the whole news, they just look through the headline of the news to guess what it is talking about. So it is important to understand the definition, function and feature of a news headline.Definition of English News HeadlinesWhen reading a newspaper, one should first read a headline. As an indispensable part of news, headlines are compared to the eyes of news. Many journalists, scholars and books have defined the concept of a news headline. So this paper has collected some different versions of definition of a news headline. “A news headline's caption printed at the top of a page or article in a newspaper, usually in large bold letters and often summarizing the content that follows it.”(Encarta Dictionary) “A head of a newspaper story or article，usually printed in large type and devised to summarize the story or article that follows.” (Longman Dictionary of the English Language) “A head of a newspaper story or article usually printed in large type and devised to summarize, give essential information about,or let readers in reading the story or article that follows.”(Webster Third New International Dictionary) “报纸新闻标题用来概括，评价新闻的内容，帮助读者阅读和理解新闻。
英美报刊选读Features of Headline
• 双关 Club: 俱乐部；棍 棒 • 重复,排比或平行结构 （parallelism）
Word of Headlines
1. 简洁 Endgame 最后一盘棋 Superball 超级足球 Wineswomanship 妇女酗酒问题 2. 使用俚语俗语 Cops: Man Wanted in N.J. Arrested Lamed-duck Presidents: a US Oddity Pioneer Colleges Face Axe Tourism Up and Violence Off, Jamaica says Iraqis dance as Saddam swings (swing=hangs)
Rhetoric of headlines
1.借代 • Furor over Pentagons’ “Revolving Door” (U.S. News & World Report, Apr. 29,1985) • Pentagon指国防部；Revolving Door指国 防部官员为转到防务合同承包公司即军 工企业去工作而大搞损公肥私的交易， 事实上还有从军工企业回国防部任职的 官员
英语新闻标题的基本特点
（二）省略(Omission) • 1)冠词的省略 • Foreign minister talks with Rice • (=The foreign minister talks with Rice )(CHINA DAILY, FRIDAY, MARCH21, 2008) • Car flares in Birmingham; N. Irish dissidents blamed (=A car flares in Birmingham; N. Irish dissidents blamed) (CHINA DAILY, MONDAY, NVEMBER 5, 2001) • 2) 连词“and”的省略 • 连词“and”被省去后, 通常由逗号“,”代替。 例如: • Farming, inflation are food for thought • (=Farming and inflation are food for thought)(CHINA DAILY, SATURDAY, MARCH 22, 2008)
The Features of English News Headline
E
e. Exaggeration(夸张) f. Parallelism(排比) …the life of the negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. g. Anastrophe(倒装) h. Reiteration(反复) i. Rhetoric question(反问) What is student life like on “the farm”?
3.Voice a. Active voice is diffusely used in headlines. Because it makes headlines more colorful and appealing. b. Passive structures are also sometimes used in headlines to draw readers’ attention
2.Tense a. Present tense Earthquake Rocks Turkey b. Present continuous tense Living Costs Going up c. Future tense Florida Freeze to Increase Area Produce Price
Lexical features in the headline
1.Preference for short words save the page space , avoid being wordy negoliation ------deal 2.Wide use of abbreviations UN----United Nations 3.Frequent use of shortened words Ad----advertisement
News Headline
Features of headlines
Grammatical features Rhetorical features
Grammatical features---- Omission
1. Omission(省略)
• Function words (虚词) such as articles, prep, conj,
(5) Economy Grows Slowly as Unemployment, Inflation Rise—Economists =(Economists Say that Economy Grows Slowly as Unemployment and Inflation Rise) (6) Republicans aim to slash education spending: Obama =(Obama says republicans aim to slash education spending)
= (A) Journalist (is) fired in spy debate
3). Irish group kills ex-chief
=(An) Irish group kills (the) ex-chief
Replacement
(4) Little anti-US feeling—diplomat =(A diplomat says there is little anti-US feeling)
Fed expected to make a half-point cut in rates
5. Grammatical features---- Predicate
lift a ban 取消禁令
英语新闻标题的语言特点
英语新闻标题的语言特点【摘要】英语新闻标题的语言特点主要体现在简洁明了、准确传达信息、吸引读者注意力、使用动词和形容词丰富语言以及遵循特定的语法规则等方面。
新闻标题需要用简练的语言准确地概括文章内容，使读者在第一时间就能理解主题。
新闻标题要吸引读者注意力，引发阅读兴趣，从而增加阅读量。
使用动词和形容词丰富语言能够让标题更生动形象，让读者在第一时间感受到文章的氛围和内容。
遵循特定的语法规则也是英语新闻标题的重要特点，以确保标题表达准确、清晰。
英语新闻标题的语言特点可以通过多种方式体现，以吸引读者、传达信息为主要目的。
【关键词】英语新闻标题、语言特点、简洁明了、准确传达信息、吸引读者注意力、动词、形容词、丰富语言、特定的语法规则、体现。
1. 引言1.1 英语新闻标题的语言特点Introduction:The language used in English news headlines is crucial in capturing the attention of readers and conveying information effectively. This particular style of writing is known for its brevity,clarity, and use of dynamic language to engage the audience. By following specific grammatical rules and focusing on key elements such as verbs and adjectives, news headlines are ableto deliver messages quickly and efficiently. In this article, we will explore the language features of English news headlines, including their simplicity, accuracy, ability to attract readers, richness in vocabulary, and adherence to grammatical conventions. These characteristics work together to create headlines that are not only informative but also engaging, making them a powerful tool for communicating news and events to a wide audience. Overall, the language features of English news headlines can be expressed in various ways, each contributing to the overall impact and effectiveness of the headline.2. 正文2.1 简洁明了"简洁明了"是英语新闻标题的重要特点之一。
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For example
1.Cocaine：middle class high（—The Time，March 9，1998） 2.India：election violence（—21st Century，February 18，1998） 3.Musicians suffer stress（—21st Century，March 26，1997） 4.Fair attracts rich collectors（—21st Century，March 26，1997）
The Use of Abbreviations （缩写词）
It can save space for a whole page and make readers impressed by its striking forms.
首字母缩写词:
BEC（Business English Certificate）， CIA（Central CIA Central Intelligence Agency , Agency）, EEC（European Economic Community）， GATT（General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade）， GM（General Motors）， IOC（International Olympic Committee）， IMF（International Monetary Fund）， MOD（Ministry of Defense），
Features of News Headline
------Wording and Rhetoric
Wording feature In News Headlines
Concise Stress
Vivid Verbs
Abbreviation
Compared to Chinese news, English news focuses on accentuation （重点化） That is, with the most concise text to point out the most important information in the news.
Quote and Hyperbole
A tale of two hearts本来是关于心脏移植的报道，却巧 妙地套用了狄更斯的名著A tale of two cities(双城记)的 书名．Fare well to Arms一文谈论戈尔巴乔夫向里根建 议彻底销毁核武器的事，引用的是获诺贝尔文学奖的 美国作家海明威的小说的名字《永别了，武器》，使 美国人既感亲切又力透纸背。
Rhetoric In News Headline
Metaphor and Metonymical Transfer
Wall Street Takes a Dive中，“takes a dive”原意 为“跳水”。此处比喻股票市场的股票价格大幅 度急剧下降，给人以视觉和听觉的冲击力。 White House为美国政府, Foggy Bottom为美国 国务院， Wall Street为美国金融业等。 借代通常能够使行文简洁，避免重复，增强表达
It is from China Daily and we can see that its headline is very concise. If we know the meanings of the two words “chic” and “savvy”，we will make good sense of its main point. Here in Chinese it means that “乡 村别致，城市悟性”.It is definitely an example of its conciseness.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
The Vivid Use of Verbs
Because vivid verbs can affect the reader's voice, the vivid use of them plays an important role in the headlines.
“Quake death toll may top 2，000” “Teens hooked by pop”（21st Century．June 2-8，1993） “ Best-selling English novels hit shelves”（— 21st Century，Nov．26，1997）
Graying Armies to Defend Social Security,其中 Graying Army指的是aging people，这里就运用了夸 张的手法，描述了捍卫社会安全的老年人的人数之 多．
Thank you for your listening!