轮机英语试题二十三

试题二十三一、单项选择题：1.Because the castings of smaller engines are not so big and heavy, ______ and cylinder blockmay be made in one piece.A. the columnB. the jacketC. cylinder coverD. cylinder liner2.______ of an engine crankshaft can be detected by measuring deflections of crank webs foreach unit of the engine.A. MisalignmentB. LengthC. StrengthD. Stresses3. A common trouble with the fuel pump plungers or fuel valve spindle is______.A. broken downB. stuckC. oil leakageD. carbonized4.Diesel fuel oil having a low cetane rating can result in ______.A. improved cold weather startingB. smoother engine operationC. combustion knockD. reduce ignition lag5.______ is arranged for cleaning the lubricating oil in the system and clean oil can beprovided from a storage tank.A. A filterB. A centrifugeC. A distillerD. A generator6.The emulsion of the oil is mainly caused by ______.A. the solid impurities of large particleB. the solid impurities of fine particleC. the water contentD. both water and solidimpurities7.Cylinders of marine diesel engines are normally cooled by ______.A. sea waterB. fine mineral oilC. sanitary waterD. fresh water8.______ are fitted in the exhaust system and facilitate charge removal and scavenging in eachcylinder.A. DiffusersB. CompressorsC. Steam boilersD. Soot blowers9.______ device is provided to prevent starting air from being admitted to the cylinder beforethe reversing is completed.A. An automaticB. A transmissionC. A self-regulatingD. An interlocking10.The difference between a supercharged engine and an un-supercharged engine is that ______operates at an increased pressure.A. the laterB. the latterC. the formerD. the farmer11.______ for attachment to the propeller shaft also accommodates the turning gear and isintegrally forged with the crankshaft.A. The coupling flangeB. The camshaftC. The cross-head pinD. The cylinderjackets12.A(n) ______is a chemical or electro-chemical attack on the metal surface which may befurther increased if the sea-water is polluted.A. errosionB. corrosionC. cavityD. scouring13.The two-stroke cycle begins with the piston coming up from the bottom of its stroke, withscavenge ports in the sides of the cylinder being ______.A. shutB. closingC. openedD. closed14.The governor of a generator engine is to ______.A. make the engine stopB. regulate the timing of camshaftsC. make the rpm stabilize at any required valueD. make the engine run at nearly constant speed15.The ability of the governor to prevent fluctuations(波动) in engine speed is termed ______.A. sensitivityB. stabilityC. promptnessD. speed droop16. A governor automatically controls engine speed by regulating ______.A. fuel supplyB. firing orderC. engine loadD. oil level17.The volute pump is one in which the impeller ___.A. discharges into a gradually widening channelB. has stationary diffuser vanesC. produces no kinetic energyD. All of the aboveare true18.As for a hydraulic single action vane pump, the inner wall of the stator is usually of ______shape.A. circularB. elliptical( 椭圆的)C. rectangular（矩形的）D. hexagon19.Gear pumps are of positive displacement type pumps because they discharge a near constantamount of liquid ______ pressure.A. depending onB. in relative toC. regardless ofD. because of20.If an operating auxiliary boiler has a water pH reading of 7, you should ______.A. bottom blow the boilerB. treat the water with caustic sodaC. treat the water with chemical scavengersD. reduce the water alkalinity to recommended readings21.When steam is being raised on a boiler, the water level will normally ______.A. drop as the boiler warms upB. rise as the boiler warms upC. remain unchanged until the boiler is hot enoughD. rise and fall with the steam demand22.For a purifier, changing to a gravity disc with larger hole diameter will move the interfacetowards the ______.A. bowl peripheryB. bowl centerC. upper surfaceD. lower surface23.When in operation, it is unavoidable that a small amount of oil ______ through leakage, andin order to compensate for these leaks the system is connected to a feed pump.A. escapesB. overheatsC. expandsD.accelerates24.The pollution prevention regulations state that slop oil and sludge that result as part of normalfueling operations should be disposed of by ______.A. discharging ashore into the sewer systemB. sealing in disposable plastic barrels aboard shipC. discharging into a shore tank or slop bargeD. dumping into the ship’s bunker tanks25.If a bilge pump failed to build up discharge pressure, you should check for ______.A. excessive water in the bilgesB. a clogged suction strainerC. oil in the bilgesD. all of the above26.Here some oil in the oily water separator, as a result of its lower ______, will separate andrise into the oil collection space.A. temperatureB. viscosityC. densityD. velocity27.The drive motor will have a brake arranged to fail-safe, i.e. it will ______ the load if powerfails or machine is stopped.A. castB. putC. holdD. let out28.Morring winches are often combined with ______ units so that one prime mover drives both.A. craneB. hatch coverC. windlassD. steering gear29.The air compressor pumps air to the ______.A. air cylinderB. combustion chamberC. steam drumD. expansiontank30.The process of boiling seawater in order to separate it into freshwater vapor and brine isusually defined as ______.A. dehydrationB. condensationC. evaporationD. dissolution31.The cooler as the liquid becomes, ______.A. the faster it will evaporateB. the slower it will condenseC. the slower it will evaporateD. the faster it will flow32.During working, thermostatic expansion valve should be ______.A. either all the way open or all the way closedB. normally fully openC. throttled depending on loadD. controlled by liquefied pressure33.Prior to any overhaul work on electric equipment, it is important to ensure the circuits are______.A. liveB. deadC. excitedD. on line34.Why is it desirable to operate paralleled AC generators at the same power factor?A. Circulating currents are kept to a minimum.B. Field excitation losses are kept to a minimum.C. Generator rotors will have a lesser tendency to hunt.D. Because a power factor increase will decrease kilowatt output.35.In a modern three-phase A.C. synchronous brushes generator, the excitation winding is on therotor. That means ______.A. the generator need not excitation.B. the winding on the rotor is for inputting excitation current.C. there are three phase windings on the rotor.D. the generator has brushes.36.The main generators are connected to ______.A. distribution boardsB. section boardsC. emergency switch boardsD. main switch boardsually the panels are interlocked with ______ so that the devices can be made dead beforethe doors are opened.A. protective earthB. isolatorsC. ground switchD. circuit-breakers38.Which of the listed devices is used to measure pressure and convert it to an electrical signal?A. TransducerB. ReducerC. TransformerD. Rectifier39. A manometer is used to measure ______.A. pressureB. temperatureC. volumeD. specificgravity40.An ohmmeter can be used to measure ______.A. current flow in a circuitB. voltage between two points in a circuitC. circuit continuityD. power41.Engine protection by means of an alarm or shutdown control can be obtained with devicesthat are sensitive to ______.A. temperatureB. pressureC. engine speedD. all of theabove42.When the current in a power transmission line is increased, the power loss ______.A. increases as the square of the currentB. decreases as the square root of the currentC. remains the same, as it is independent of current flowD. increases in direct proportion as the current43.The conclusion that mechanical efficiency is always ______ 100 per cent is correct.A. small thanB. more thanC. little thanD. less than44.In a diesel engine, an extremely leaking exhaust valve can cause ______.A. misfiringB. pre-ignitionC. interrupted scavengingD. reducedscavenging45. A crack in a cylinder liner can be caused by ______.A. worn piston ringsB. installation of undersizedsealing ringsC. operating the engine at low loadsD. restricted cooling water passages46.Poor combustion in a diesel engine can be caused by ______.A. high compression pressureB. low intake air temperatureC. low exhaust pressureD. high scavenge air temperature47.Diesel engine exhaust temperatures may be used to indicate ______.A. leaking exhaust valvesB. an overloaded cylinderC. a clogged injector nozzleD. all of the above.bustion knock can occur in the cylinders of a diesel engine under any conditionpermitting ______.A. a shortened ignition delay periodB. a lean fuel/air mixtureC. excess fuel in the combustion chamberD. rapid vaporization of injected fuel droplets49.During the inspection, the starting air valves should be closed ______ the engine fromturning.A. to increaseB. to speed upC. to preventD. to reduce50.Lower suction pressure of a pump may be caused by ______.A. too much air in the pipe lineB. clogged strainerC. empty tankD. leakypipe51.To prevent excessive _____ in the transverse girders, the tie bolts are positioned as close tothe center of the crankshaft as possible.A. thermal stressesB. bending momentsC. thermal loadsD. surfacetensions52.During repair, lubrication lines and orifices must be ______.A. taken awayB. engagedC. connectedD. sealed off53.If the effective bearing bush area has been reduced ______, remedial action should be taken.A. by more than 5 percentB. by less than 10 percentC. to 95 percentD. to less than 90 percent54. A centrifugal pump can’t supply water after starting. You should check ______.A. priming waterB. power supplyC. packing glandD. bearing lubrication55.The ______ is used to measure current.A. ammeterB. voltmeterC. wattmeterD.frequency meter56.The ______ is used to measure power.A. ammeterB. voltmeterC. wattmeterD. frequency meter57.At the beginning of the watch the current operational parameters and the condition of allmachinery should be verified and also the log readings should correspond with those ______.A. noted by the bridge officerB. told by last duty engineerC. observedD. in the instruction manual58.In the engine department, the ______ is looked upon to provide the leadership that is needed.A. captainB. chief engineerC. chief officerD. chief motorman59.Routine monitoring of a diesel engine should include ______.A. checking for leaksB. checking temperatures andpressuresC. listening for abnormal noisesD. all of the above.60.The stability of a vessel is normally the greatest when all fuel and water tanks are fullbecause the ______.A. center of gravity is loweredB. center of buoyancy is loweredC. reserve buoyancy is unchangedD. hull freeboard is increased61.Hydrocarbon vapors are usually detected by the use of the ______.A. flame safety lampB. combustible gas indicatorC. gasometerD. oxygenindicator62.The order“Bow thrust stop.”means“______”.A. Bow thrust full to portB. Bow thrust full to starboardC. No bow thrust revolutionsD. No stern thrust revolutions63.______ may have two emergency source of power, thus requiring two emergencyswitchboards.A. Large passenger vesselsB. General cargo shipsC. Container shipsD. Oiltankers64. A ______ sometimes called filters, is a device designed to prevent the passage of unwantedsolids into the system.A. steam trapB. check valveC. separatorD. strainer65.It is usual to identify the fluids in pipes by bands of paint at intervals, and the engineer shouldfamiliarize himself with the code in use. According to the above sentence, which of thefollowing statements is true?A. People can know the types of fluids in pipes by feeling with hands.B. There are series of rings painted in the pipes to show various fluids.C. Engineers should wear cards standing for ranks.D. Engineer knows his own code very well.66.One of the disadvantages of using carbon dioxide to extinguish a fire in an enclosed space is______.A. the ‘snow ’which is sometimes discharged along with the gas is toxicB. prolonged exposure to high concentrations of CO 2 gas causes suffocationC. rapid dissipation of the CO 2 vaporD. the CO 2 gas is lighter than air and a large amount is required to extinguish a fire near thedeck67.Administrations should bear in mind the significance（重要性）of ______ in maintainingsafety of life and property at sea and in preventing marine pollution.A. advanced nautical equipmentB. advanced performance main enginesC. emergency equipmentD. communication and language skills68.The SOLAS Convention in its successive forms is generally regarded as the most importantof all international treaties concerning the ______ of merchant ships.A. pollutionB. economizationC. safetyD. efficiency二、关联题（每组关联题题干下有4个小题，每小题4个选项）第一组：At the first start, listen carefully for possible jarring sounds. If anything is suspected, stop the engine immediately, otherwise stop the engine after 5 minutes' idling. Check at least the temperatures of the main and big end bearings and of all other bearings which have been opened. Make visual inspection from below to the cylinder liners and piston skirts which have been opened. If everything is in order, restart.Check that there is no leakage of gas, water, fuel or lubricating oil. Especially observe the fuel lines, HP fuel pumps and injectors. Watch the quantities emerging from the leak oil pipes!Check that the starting air manifold is not hot at any cylinder (leaky starting valve may cause explosion!After overhaul, the following instructions are important:- check pressure and temperature gauges.- check the automatic alarm and stop devices.- check the pressure drop over the fuel filter and lubricating oil filter.- check the oil level in the oil sump/oil tank. Estimate the condition of the oil.- check the de-aerating of the engine circulating water system.- check the quantity of fuel leak.- check the telltale holes for leaks.- check the circulating water quality- check the cylinder pressures.- listen for jarring sounds.- check the crankcase pressure.- check the starting air manifold.Running-in is mainly intended to let piston rings "wear" to fit properly in the cylinder liner.Do not continuously run at constant load during the running -in process.It is important to vary the load several times. The ring grooves in the piston will have a different tilting angle at each load and consequently the piston ring has a different contact line to the cylinder liner wall.69.Paragraph 1 tells us that ______.A. if we hear vibration sounds, we should stop the engine quickly, or allow it to operate atlowspeed for 5 minutes, then stop it and check everythingB. if we hear vibration sounds, we should stop the engine quickly, otherwise the engine willbestopped automatically after 5 minutesC. if we hear explosion sounds we should stop the engine then check everythingD. if we hear surging sounds, we should stop the engine immediately otherwise after 5minutesthe engine will be destroyed70.After overhaul, following instructions are important except ______.A. release air from the engine circulating water systemB. treat the circulating water if necessaryC. make sure the pressure drop is enough besides the fuel filterD. make sure the quantity of lube oil meets the requirement71.After piston overhaul, the running -in process should be carried out ______.A. periodically at steady loadB. occasionally at various loadC. continually at constant loadD. continually at various load72.When dealing with engine troubles, ______.A. no leakage of lubricating oil should be checkedB. quantities of oil emerging from the leak oil pipes must be watchedC. quality of the leak oil must be watchedD. the number of the leaking fuel lines should be checked第二组：At appropriate intervals inspection should be made of the main propulsion plant, auxiliary machinery and steering gear spaces. Any routine adjustments may then be made and malfunctions or breakdowns can be noted, reported and corrected. During these tours of inspection bilge level should be noted, piping and systems observed for leaks, and local indication instruments also be observed.Bridge orders must be promptly carried out and a record of any required changes in speed and direction should be kept. When under standby or maneuvering conditions with the machinery being manually operated the control unit or console should be continuously manned.Certain watchkeeping duties will be necessary for the continuous operation of equipment or plant-the transferring of fuel for instance. In addition to these regular tasksother repair or maintenance tasks may be required of the watchkeeping personnel. However no tasks should be undertaken which will interfere with the supervisory duties relating to the main machinery and associated equipment.During the watch a log or record will be taken of the various parameters of main and auxiliary equipment. Fuel consumption figures are used to determine the efficiency ofoperation, in addition to providing a check on the available bunker quantities. Lubrication oil tank levels to some extent indicates engine oil consumption. If the sump level were to rise this would indicate water leakage into the oil and an investigation into the cause must be made. The engine exhaust temperature reading should all be about the same to indicate an equal power production from each cylinder. The various temperature and pressure values for the cooling water and lubrication oil should be at, or near to, the manufacturer’s designed values for the particular speed or fuel lever settings.(The following questions are based on the passage above)73.The first paragraph mainly about ______.A. what should be done during the watchB. what should be done during tours of inspectionC. what the duty personnel should do when they begin their watchD. all of the above74.The watchkeeping personnel ______.A. should note bilge levelB. should observe piping for leaksC. should undertake required tasks not affecting their supervisory dutiesD. All of the above are true75.Fuel consumption figures are used to ______.A. determine the efficiency of operationB. provide a check on the available bunker quantitiesC. Both A and B are trueD. Neither A nor B is true76.The fourth paragraph is mainly about ______.A. why certain parameters should be recordedB. where to get these readingsC. the purpose to log the sump levelD. all of the above三、中译英（共2题，请将答案写在答题纸上）77.在港口国监督检查中，根据SOLAS 74，下列缺陷可以作为船舶滞留的明显理由：推进及其他关键设备，包括电气装置，不能进行正确操作。