简明英语语法教程
新编英语语法简明教程修订版答案
新编英语语法简明教程修订版答案1、53．On your way home, you can buy some fruit, meat, vegetables and ________. [单选题] * A．something else(正确答案)B．else somethingC．everything elseD．else everything2、I’ve got some very _______ news to tell you. [单选题] *A. exciting(正确答案)B. comfortableC. convenientD. beautiful3、Last year Polly _______ an English club and has improved her English a lot. [单选题] *A. leftB. sawC. joined(正确答案)D. heard4、68．—How ________ apples do you want?—I want two kilos. How ________ are they?—They are 5 yuan. [单选题] *A．much; manyB．many; much(正确答案)C．many; manyD．much; much5、Customers see location as the first factor when_____a decision about buying a house. [单选题] *A.makeB.to makeC.making(正确答案)D.made6、People always _____ realize the importance of health _____ they lose it. [单选题] *A. not... untilB. don't... until(正确答案)C. /; untilD. /; not until7、If you want to _______, you’d better eat more healthy food and do more exercise. [单选题] *A. keep fatB. keep calmC. keep healthy(正确答案)D. keep on8、My camera is lost. I am ______ it everywhere.（）[单选题] *A. looking atB. looking for(正确答案)C. looking overD. looking after9、The managing director took the（）for the accident, although it was not his fault. [单选题] *A. GuiltB. charge(正确答案)C. blameD. accusation10、7．—________ is the Shanghai Wild Animal Park?—It’s 15km east of the Bund. [单选题] *A．WhoB．WhatC．WhenD．Where (正确答案)11、Li Lei often takes a walk early ______ the morning.（）[单选题] *A. atB. onC. in(正确答案)D. for12、When we take a trip,we usually have to _______ a hotel. [单选题] *A. takeB. stayC. book(正确答案)D. bring13、You can ask（）is on duty there tonight. [单选题] *A. WhatB. whomC. whoever(正确答案)D. whomever14、—Would you like some milk?—Yes, just _____, please. [单选题] *A. a little(正确答案)B. littleC. a fewD. few15、_______ songs is my favorite. [单选题] *A. To Singing EnglishB. Singing English(正确答案)C. Singings EnglishD. Sing English16、Wang Dong usually gets up at 6:00 _______ he can catch the early school bus. [单选题] *A. as ifB. so that(正确答案)C. untilD. after17、---Where’s that report?---I brought it to you ____you were in Mr. Black’s office yesterday. [单选题] *A. ifB. when(正确答案)C. becauseD. before18、Hearing that he had passed _____ health examination, he immediately made _____ call to his parents. [单选题] *A. a; /B. the; /C. the; a(正确答案)D. a; the19、He spoke too fast, and we cannot follow him. [单选题] *A. 追赶B. 听懂(正确答案)C. 抓住D. 模仿20、Study hard, ______ you won’t pass the exam. [单选题] *A. or(正确答案)B. andC. butD. if21、Nobody noticed the thief slip into the shop, because the lights happened to _______. [单选题] *A. put outB. turn outC. give outD. go out(正确答案)22、Tony is a quiet student, _______ he is active in class. [单选题] *A. soB. andC. but(正确答案)D. or23、Miss Smith is a friend of _____. [单选题] *A. Jack’s sister’s(正确答案)B. Jack’s sisterC. Jack sister’sD. Jack sister24、You should _______ fighting with your parents although you may have different ideas from time to time. [单选题] *A. suggestB. enjoyC. avoid(正确答案)D. practice25、Thank you very much. You gave us ____ our factory needed. [单选题] *A. informationB. informationsC. the information(正确答案)D. the informations26、She serves as a secretary in a university. [单选题] *A. 为…服务B. 担任…职务(正确答案)C. 竞争…服务D. 申请…职务27、I live a very quiet and peaceful life. [单选题] *A. 宁静的(正确答案)B. 舒适的C. 和平的D. 浪漫的28、( ) It ___ the Chinese people 8 years to build the Dam. [单选题] *A. took(正确答案)B. costsC. paidD. spends29、Can you give her some ______ ? [单选题] *A. advice(正确答案)B. suggestionC. advicesD. suggest30、The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her（）attitude towards customers. [单选题] *A. impartialB. mildC. hostile(正确答案)D. opposing。
新编英语语法简明教程第1章选择题
第1章Multiple choice:1) ____he comes, we won't be able to go.A. WithoutB. UnlessC. ExceptD. Even答案：B 这是一个复合句，前面是一个由unless引导的条件状语从句。
Unless是连词，without和except都是介词，even是一个副词，只有连词能够引导从句。
2) Sarah hopes to become a friend of____ shares her interests.A. anyoneB. whomeverC. whoeverD. no matter who答案：C 这是一个包含宾语从句的复合句。
“whoever shares her interest”是一个宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，从句中whoever是主语，故此只能用主格。
如果选A的话，这个句子就有两个谓语动词，而之间并没有并列连词，且“shares...”和句子主语Sarah语义上并不存在主谓关系，可以在anyone后面加一个who构成定语从句，修饰anyone；或将shares改成非谓语动词sharing。
选项D “no matter who”只能用来引导让步状语从句，不可以引导名词性从句。
3) ____you don't like him is none of my business.A. WhatB. WhoC. ThatD. Whether答案：C 句子当中“_____ you don’t like him”是一个主语从句，从句中引导词后面的主谓结构是完整的，因此引导词只能是副词类或连词类引导词，根据句意这里应该是“你不喜欢他”这个事实而不是“你是否不喜欢他”这个问题。
4)____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.ThereB. ThisC. ThatD. It答案：D 这是一个“It”作形式主语，主语从句后置作真正主语的句子。
新编简明英语语言学教程第二版戴炜栋10LanguageAcquisition
Language environment & the critical period hypothesis
▪ Two important factors: the linguistic environment children are exposed to and the age they start to learn the language.( P.147 Victor 12; Genie 13.5)
Theories of child language acquisition
▪ A behaviorist (行为主义者）viБайду номын сангаасw of language acquisition (Skinners)
▪ An innatist （语法天生主义者） view of language acquisition (Chomsky)
▪ The weak version holds that language learning will be more difficult and incomplete after puberty. (Support in Victor’s and Genie’s cases)
Stages in child language development
An interactionist view of language acquisition
▪ The interactionist view holds that language develops as a result of the complex interplay between the human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops. Integrated with the innatist view, the interactionist further claims that the modified language which is suitable for the child’s capability is crucial in his language acquisition. (motherese 保姆式语言)
简明英语语法(全集)
不规则变化
4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。
b. news 是不可数名词。
c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。 如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是
the Bowmans。
2）单复同形 如： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese
以辅音字母+y 变y 为i
结尾的词
再加es 读 /z/
baby---babies
第三页，共209页。
) 以y 1结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，
变复数：
如： two Marys
the Henrys
monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
比较： 层楼：storey ---storeys story---stories
1) 表示"一个"，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.
2) 代表一类人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with.
Mr. Smith is an engineer.
新编英语语法简明教程第5章选择与改错
第5章动词的时和体（一）PretestMultiple choice:1)-Can I join your club, Dad?-You can when you_____ a bit older.A.will getB. getC. are gettingD. will have got答案：B 时间或条件状语从句中的谓语动词使用现在时表示将来的动作。
2) He'll be an astronaut by the time he ____thirty.A. will beB. has beenC. isD. is going to be答案：C 时间或条件状语从句中的谓语动词使用现在时表示将来的动作。
3) I first met Lisa three years ago. She _____ at a radio shop at the time.A. has workedB. was workingC. had workedD. had been working答案：B 过去进行时，表示过去某时间点正在进行的动作，此处表示我第一次见Lisa时她正从事的工作。
4)- Nancy is not coming tonight.- But she_____!A. promisesB. promisedC. will promiseD. had promised答案：B 根据句意Nancy是过去作出的承诺，应该使用一般现在时。
5)Davida_____ book about China last year, but I don't know whether he hasfinished it.A.wroteB. is writingC. was writingD. is to write答案：C 过去进行时也可以表示过去某段时间内反复的动作。
6)- Hey, look where you're going!- Oh, I'm terribly sorry_A. I'm not noticingB.I wasn't noticingC. I haven't noticedD.I don't notice答案：B 根据意义是说话之前（过去）没有注意。
新编英语语法简明教程第17章
第17章代词Multiple choice:Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of_____.A.themB.theirsC.herD.hers答案：B 在双重所有格当中应该使用名词性物主代词，这里指代的是前面两个人应该用theirs。
2)These wild flowers are so special I would do_____ I can to save them.A.whateverB. thatC.whichD.whichever答案：A 这个句子是一个复合句，首先句子中有一个so...(that)...引导的结果状语从句，从句中谓语动词do后面跟了一个whatever引导的宾语从句，从句中省去了谓语动词do，（从句应该是whatever I can do），后面不定式表目的。
（what指的是事物，which指的是哪一个人或物）3)Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can't remember_____.4) A.where B.there C.what D.which答案：D 句子指的是“我记不得其中的哪一个了”。
5)Few pleasures can equal_____ of a cool drink on a hot day.6)A. some B. any C.that D.those答案：C 这个句子中的that=the pleasure5) Sarah hopes to become a friend of_____ shares her interests.A.anyoneB.whoeverC.whomeverD.anybody答案：B 这个宾语从句中缺主语，应该用主格。
6) Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but_____ didn't help.A.thatB.whichC. sheD.it答案：D 这里的it指的是前面整个事情。
新编英语语法简明教程第2章选择与改错
第2章Multiple Choice:1)The government_____ itself into serious trouble if it doesn't solve the economic problem.A. hasB. getC. will getD. had答案：C “get oneself into trouble” 使自身陷入困境；从句用一般现在时，主句应该用一般将来时。
2) It was very noisy in the hall. I _____make myself heard above the noise.A. can'tB. couldn'tC. won'tD. wouldn't答案：B 两个句子应该保持时态一致。
且这里表示的是因为噪音我不具备让别人听见我的声音的能力。
3)E-mail, as well as telephones, _____an important part in daily communication.A. is playingB. have playedC. are playingD. play答案：A 谓语动词应该和主语保持一致；这里的主语只是“E-mail”。
4) _____has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. WhoB. The oneC. AnyoneD. Whoever答案：D 句中“______ has helped to save the drowning girl”是一个主语从句，从句中缺主语，可以用who或whoever，但是前者指的是某个或某些固定的人，而后者指的是任何人；如果使用anyone作主语，后面应该再加一个who，引导定语从句，修饰anyone。
5) _____is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools israpidly increasing.A.WhichB. AsC. ThatD. It答案：B 这是as引导的非限制性定语从句。
新编简明英语语言学教程04Chapter-4-gram
The criteria on which categories are determined
确定词的范畴的标准
Meaning (意义) Inflection (屈折变化) Distribution(分布)
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Word categories often bear some relationship with its meaning. e.g.
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Major lexical categories play a very important role in sentence formation. They differ from minor lexical categories in that they are often assumed to be the heads around which phrases are built.
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‘s; -ed, -ing; -er, -est… Although inflection is very helpful in determining a
word’s category, it does not always suffice. Some words do not take inflections. Moisture, fog, sheep; Frequent, intelligent Note: The most reliable criterion of determining a word’s category is its distribution.
因此, 一个词的分布情况与其意义和屈折变化 能力的信息一起对于确定它的句法范畴有帮助.
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Phrase categories and their structures
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自身代词
自身代词的形式：
单数：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself.
复数：ourselves,yourselves,themselves. 自身代词的功用： 作宾语：please help yourself to some fish. 作表语：I’m not quite myself these days. 作同位语：He himself is a doctor. 一些习惯用法： among themselves (ourselves)在他们（我们）之间 between ourselves 私下说的话 by oneself 一个人，自己干 for oneself 替自己，为自己
第三单元 代词
代词可分为九类：
人称代词 （personal pronoun) 疑问代词 ( interrogative pronoun) 物主代词 (possessive pronoun) 关系代词(relative pronoun) 反身代词 (reflexive pronoun) 连接代词(conjunctive pronoun)
复合名词的复数形式
主体名词变为复数：looker(s)-on,passer(s)by, son(s)-in-law, editor(s)-in- chief 等 最末一个构成部分变为复数形式： go-between(s), forget-me-not(s)勿忘我
两个构成部分都变为复数man-doctor(men-doctors), man cook (men cooks), man-writer(men-writers), woman-doctor(women-doctors) woman cook(women cooks), woman writer(women writers).
补充：
不可数名词“一件”、“一个”的表 达法
a piece of news(work,information,furniture) a bar of chocolate, a block of ice, a burst of applause（一阵掌声）, a loaf of bread, a slip of paper, a(large)sum of money.
自身代词
In oneself 就其本身来说，本人 (not) be oneself 身体康复（不适） to oneself 供自己用
自身代词常和某些动词连用：
I hope you’ll enjoy yourselves.（希望你们玩的开心。） She told the boy to behave himself.（她让孩子规矩点。） Please help yourself to some fish.（请吃些鱼） She dressed(herself)quickly and went downstairs.(她匆忙穿上 衣服就下楼了。）
名词的规则复数形式
以辅音+o结尾的，一般加es,如hero(heroes), potato(potatoes),tomato(tomatoes), 但有一些外来词只加s，如piano(pianos), radio(radios),photo(photos).
名词的不规则复数形式
变内部元音：foot-feet, man-men, mouse-mice, tooth-teeth,woman-women, goose-geese天鹅, ox-oxen,child-children. 单复数同形：deer, sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese, means,series,等 某些外来词的特殊的变化: curriculum(curricula)课程，bacterium(bacteria)细 菌，medium(media)媒体，crisis(crises)危机， basis(bases)基础
名词的所有格
表示度量，时间，空间，如a week’s holiday, today’s post, 表示某些国家，城市，天体等名称的，the earth’s surface, London’s traffic 表示各自的所有关系时，一系列的名词末尾均 需加’s John’s and Susan’s desks, (约翰和苏珊各人 的书桌）
冠词的一些习惯用法
go to university（上大学）, go to church,(做礼拜）， in prison(坐牢） 区别以下两组词组：out of the question(不可能） out of question (没问题） in case of (万一，如果） in the case of (就…….来说) 其他一些限定词的用法：both…..and… .(两者都） either…..or… （或者…或者） neither…..nor （两者都不）
作介词宾语的用法(与of连用作定语）： He is a close friend of ours.（他是我们中的一位亲密朋友。） The remark of yours is quite correct.(你的那句话是很正 确的。） 下面这类结构中常用the 代替物主代词： He was wounded in the leg. I had a cold in the head. He took me by the arm.
it
it
人称代词的一些其他用法
Let us 与let’s 有时有异议，let’s 多用表劝告或建议，包括 自己与对方在内：let’s go, shall we? 在不包括自己与对方在内的，please let us know the time of your arrival. He 和she 常用来代表动物。如： It’s the farmer’s cow:she gives lots of milk. 国家，车船，大地，月亮等常以she 代替,如: I think England will do what she promised to do.
名词的所有格
’s 所有格的构成方法： • 单数名词在末尾加’s，the boy’s father • 以s结尾的复数形式名词，末尾仅加’,如the two boys’mother • 以s结尾的单数人名变为所有格时，一般 加’s,Thomas’s brother • 几个词作为一个单位时,’s应加在最后一个词 的末， everyone else’s opinion
名词的规则复数形式
一般情况加s，如desks, books, girls, 以 s,x,sh,ch收尾的词，加es,如 glasses,roses,brushes,churches 以f或fe结尾的词，则一般变为ves, 如:wife(wives),bookshelf(bookshelves),wolf(wolve s),thief(thieves) 以辅音+y结尾的词，则变y为i，再加es, 如party(parties),city(cities) family(families), university(universities)
可数名词和不可数名词
个体名词和集体名词一般都是可数的， 如：two computers a happy family, two football teams. 抽象名词和物质名词一般都是不可数的， 如 Translation is an art. 翻译是一种艺术。 Light travels faster than sound. 光比声的速 度快。
复数的一些习惯用法
只以复数形式出现的词：trousers, jeans, scissors,glasses,等往往和“a pair of ” 连用。
以s结尾的名词但非复数：mathematics, economics, physicspolitics(政治）, news, gymnastics a ten-pound note, two 14-year-old girls, a fourweek holiday a six-minute walk, five-foot tall Three years is a long time to be without a job. Six miles is too far for me to walk. I’m going to take pronoun) 不定代词(indefinite pronoun)
指示代词(demonstrative pronoun)
人称代词
单数 主格 I you he she 宾格 me you him her 复数 主格 we you they 宾格 us you them
简明英语语法教程
第一单元
Nations
名词（Noun) 普通名词 个体名词 table, computer,gun
名词
专有名词 London Mary the United
集体名词 family, class
物质名词 rain, fire, air
抽象名词 youth, success, beauty
第二单元
冠词
定冠词（the)的用法: (需强调的几点） 特指一类人或东西：the Japanese, the masses(群众） 独一无二的东西：the sun, the moon, the earth, 可与一个形容词连用，代表一类人或东西：the dead, the rich, the poor, the wounded(受伤的人） 在海洋，江河，山脉，群岛，海湾词前加the,但 Mountain Tai 形容词最高级和比较级前加the, 如the best girl 表序数词或next, last,same 构成的名词短语： the last one
Of 所有格的用法
用于无生命的东西：如 the subject of the sentence （句子的主语） 用于名词化的形容词：the struggle of the oppressed(被压迫人名的斗争） 名词的修饰语较多时，如: the name of the man over there