英语语法——副词

副词连用顺序：程度副词+方式副词+地点副词+时间副词。

起修饰或限制动词或形容词作用、表程度或范围的词。

分类

1) 时间和频度副词:

now, then, often, always, usually, early, today, late, next, last day, already, generally, frequently,

seldom, ever, never, yet, soon, too, immediately, finally, shortly, before, ago, sometimes, yesterday. once，twice

2) 地点副词:

here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on.

3) 方式副词:

carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly

4) 程度副词:

much, little, very, rather, so, too, still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely, almost, slightly, hardly.

5) 疑问副词:

how, when, where, why.

6) 关系副词:

when, where, why.

7) 连接副词:

therefore, moreover, however, otherwise,then.

用法

副词在句中可作状语,表语,补语，定语。

He works hard.他工作努力。（作状语）

You speak English very well. 你英语讲的相当好。（作状语）

Is she in ? 她在家吗?（作表语）

Let's be out. 让我们出去吧。（作表语）

Food here is hardly to get. 这儿很难弄到食物。（作状语）

Let him out! 让他出去！（作补语）

修饰名词的副词放在被修饰词之后，如：The villagers there are busy getting in wheat

位置

1) 实意动词之前，be动词、情态动词之后。

I get up early in the morning every day.我每天早早起床。

He gave me a gift yesterday.他昨天给了我一件礼物。

She didn't drink water enough.她喝的水不够。

The train goes fast.火车跑得快。

We can go to this school freely.我们可以免费到这家学校学习。

They left a life hardly then.当时他们的生活很艰难。

He has a new hat on today.他今天戴了一顶新帽子。

I have seen this film twice with my friends.这部电影我和朋友看过两次。

2) 副词修饰形容词,副词时,副词在前面,而被修饰的词在后面。

It's rather easy, I can do it. 这很容易,我能做到。

He did it quite well.他做得相当好。

It's rather difficult to tell who is right. 很难说谁是对的。

It's so important that I must tell my friends.这件事太重要了，我得告诉我的朋友。

It's much better.好多了。

3) 频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,情态动词和助动词的后面。

I often help him these days.这些日子我经常帮助他。

I always remember the day when I first came to this school.我常常记得我第一次来学校的那一天。

You mustn't always help me. 你不能老是帮助我。

He seldom comes to see us. 他很少来看我们。

We usually go shopping once a week. 我们通常一周买一次东西。

The new students don't always go to dance.新学生并不时常去跳舞。

4) 疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从句的前面。

When do you study everyday? 你每天什么时间学习?

Can you tell me how you did it?你能告诉我你如何做的吗?

First, let me ask you some questions.先让我来问几个问题。

How much does this bike cost? 这辆车子多少钱？

Either you go or he comes. 不是你去就是他来。

The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom.当老师进教室时，学生们正在读书。

5) 时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前面,时间副词在后面。

We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday.昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了.

What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon?昨天下午你在教室里干什么？

The accident took place in the Eleven Avenue one hour ago.一小时前十一号大街发生了一场事故。

6)否定副词在句首，句子要倒装，如：Never have I felt so excited!我从来没有觉得太激动了！

比较等级

副词和形容词一样,也有它的比较级和最高级形式. 可以参考形容词的变换形式。但以词尾-ly 结尾的副词（除early ）须用more 和most 。

hard harder hardest

fast faster fastest

early earlier earliest

much more most

warmly more warmly most warmly

单音节副词的比较级是在副词后面加上-er 构成的，最高级是在副词后面加上-est 构成的。

near nearer nearest

hard harder hardest

多音节副词的比较级是在副词的前面加上-more 构成的。最高级是在副词前面加上-most 构成的。

warmly more warmly most warmly

successfully more successfully most successfully

有些副词的比较级和最高级形式是不规则的。

well-better - best little - less(er) - least

much- more - most badly - worse - worst

far-farther(further)-farthest(furthest)

副词的比较级和最高级用法同形容词的比较级用法基本一样。最高级形式句中the 可以省略。

He works harder than I.他比我工作努力。

Lucy gets up earlier than Lily.露西比丽丽起床早。

He runs fastest in our class.他在我们班跑地最快。

He dives deeper than his teammates.他比他的队员潜水深。

It's true that he speak English more fluently than any of us.他英语讲的确实比我们任何人都好。

Our school team plays football best in our region. 我们校队在我们地区足球踢得最好的。

特殊表达法

一、形容词与副词的同级比较：由“as(so)…as”引出，其否定式为“not so…”或“not as…as”,考生还应注意下列含有“as”结构或短语的句子

1. as such：表示上文所指明的事或人

He is a child, and must be treated as such. 他是个孩子，必须被当作孩子对待。

2. as much：表示“与…同量”

Take as much as you like. 拿多少都行。

I would gladly have paid twice as much for it. 就是价格再贵一倍，我也会愿意把它买下的。

He as much as admitted the whole story. 他几乎全部承认了。

3. as many：表示“与…一样多”

I found six mistakes in as many lines. 我在六行中发现了六个错。

二、表示“几倍于”的比较级：用twice (两倍)，four times (四倍)，ten times (十倍)加上as … as 结构

This one is four times as big as that one. 这个是那个的四倍大。(这个比那个大三倍。) / Our campus is three times as large as yours. 我们的校园比你们的大两倍。/ He has books twice as many as she does. 他的书比她多一倍。

三、“the same ＋名词＋as”表示同等比较

四、比较级前可用a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot,many, much等词语表示不定量，far, completely,still表示程度或更进一步

兼有两种形式的副词

1) close与closely

close意思是"近"；closely 意思是"仔细地"

He is sitting close to me.

Watch him closely.

2) late 与lately

late意思是"晚"；lately 意思是"最近"

You have come too late.

What have you been doing lately?

3) deep与deeply

deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"

He pushed the stick deep into the mud.

Even father was deeply moved by the film.

4) high与highly

high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much

The plane was flying high.

I think highly of your opinion.

5) wide与widely

wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"

He opened the door wide.

English is widely used in the world.

6) free与freely

free的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是"无限制地"

You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.

You may speak freely; say what you like.

副词有加a或ly的区别在于通常加a 的副词描述一种状态，而加ly 的副词则倾向于感觉。

可修饰比较级的词

1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等

2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。

3）以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。

典型例题:

1）---- Are you feeling ____?

---- Yes，I'm fine now.

A. any well

B. any better

C. quite good

D. quite better

答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.

2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.

A.more

B.much more

C.much

D.more much

答案：C.much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。

3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.

A. the happiest time

B. a more happier time

C. much happiest time

D. a much happier time

答案：D。