定语从句导学案和答案

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初中英语定语从句讲解与练习学案(含答案)

初中英语定语从句讲解与练习学案(含答案)

初中英语定语从句讲解与练习学案一.定语从句的理解:用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语:a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in red如果定语是句子,便称为定语从句。

I know the girl. The girl is in red. (两个简单句) →I know the girl who is in red.(定语从句)被修饰的词是_______________。

这个词就称为先行词。

其中连接两个句子的是______________,称为关系词。

关系词在从句中指代先行词,并在从句中充当一定的成分,观察上句,关系词在从句中充当________________。

附:关系词与先行词的关系:关系词和先行词密切相关,因为关系词用来指代先行词,并且在从句中充当一定的成分。

定语从句中常用的关系词有:关系代词who / whom (先行词表示人) which (先行词表示物) that / whose (先行词表示人或物) 关系代词在从句中可充当主语,宾语或定语;关系副词when (表示时间) where (表示地点) why (表示原因)关系副词在从句中充当状语。

结论:关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二.按关系词种类学习(一)关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语。

(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。

定语从句导学案及 高考真题(有答案)

定语从句导学案及 高考真题(有答案)

一、基本概念(一)定语从句在复合句中作定语,修饰____或_____的从句叫定语从句。

(二)先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

一般情况下,定语从句紧跟先行词。

但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。

(三)关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词。

与先行词关系密切,因此紧跟先行词,并在定语从句中充当一个成分。

关系代词有:______, _______,________,________和whose, 另外,as也可充当_____代词。

关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。

关系副词有:______, ______和_____。

在定语从句中充当状语。

二、关系代词的用法(一)基本用法根据先行词的不同,和在从句中所充当的成分不同,选用不同的关系代词。

例如:(注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分)①Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? (作_________)②I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. (作________)③The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. (作_______)④This is the new secretary (who/whom/that)I would like to introduce to you. (作_______)⑤The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. (作_______)注意:关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略,充当主语时则不能。

(见上例③④)(二)关系代词that代替which的一些情况which, that 在代替物时,一般可以通用。

定语从句导学案及解析一(耿)

定语从句导学案及解析一(耿)

高一英语导学案定语从句简单讲解(一)高一班姓名:设计人:耿明利审核人:时间2012.10.21 【概念理解】定语从句指在主从复合句中用作定语的从句。

定语从句的作用相当于形容词,用来修饰主句中的某一名词或者代词或整个主句,所以也称之为形容词性从句。

被定语从句修饰的名词或者代词叫先行词,定语从句一般要放在先行词之后。

用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。

关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。

根据从句与主句关系的紧密程度,定语从句又分为限制性定语从句好而非限制性定语从句。

在学习定语从句时,要学会正确选用合适的关系代词或者关系副词,灵活的翻译非限定性定语从句,以及“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词的选择。

关系代词有:who 、whom、whose、that、which等。

关系副词有:when、where、why等。

关系副词引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词通常是表示时间、地点或者理由的名词,常见的关系副词有when、where、why等。

在定语从句中,关系副词用作状语。

[分步讲解]1 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和________保持一致。

1)who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。

例如:Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作________)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。

(whom/that在从句中作___)2)whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同_________互换)。

例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

2024届高考英语二轮复习:定语从句导学案(含答案)

2024届高考英语二轮复习:定语从句导学案(含答案)

2024届高考英语二轮复习:定语从句导学案(含答案)2024年高考英语一轮复习——定语从句导学案定语从句概述定语从句(Adjective Clause)是指在复合句中用来修饰一个名词或代词的从句。

这个从句通常由关系词引导,将句子中关系密切的内容用一个句子来表示。

1. 定语从句的引导词:引导定语从句的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有:that、which、who、whom、whose。

关系副词有:where、when、why。

2. 关系词在定语从句中的作用:关系词在定语从句中充当一部分语法成分,并引导定语从句与主句之间的关系。

关系代词的作用有:代替先行词,在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。

关系副词的作用有:代替先行词所表示的抽象内容,引导定语从句所缺少的成分。

3. 定语从句的位置和结构:定语从句通常位于先行词之后,与先行词之间有逗号隔开。

定语从句的结构与简单句相似,包括主语、谓语和其他修饰成分,只是其主语通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。

4. 定语从句的特点:定语从句既起着修饰作用,又起着句子成分的作用。

它插入到主句中,可以使句子更加丰富和准确。

以下是几个例子来说明定语从句的应用:- The book that you borrowed from the library is very interesting.(你从图书馆借的那本书很有趣。

)- The student who won the competition received a scholarship.(赢得比赛的那位学生获得了奖学金。

)- This is the place where we met last summer.(这是我们去年夏天见面的地方。

)- Do you know the reason why he resigned from his job (你知道他为什么辞去工作吗?)通过使用定语从句,我们可以给予更多关于名词或代词的描述和信息,帮助读者更好地理解句子含义。

定语从句专题导学案

定语从句专题导学案

定语从句(1)预习案张清一、什么是定语?定语:用来修饰名词或代词的句子成分。

包括常由形容词,名词或者介词短语充当,且单个词作定语一般前置,短语和从句作定语常后置,翻译成“……的(先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语,然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语)a beautiful girl () a shoe factory()the man in the car () a girl who is singing ()二、什么是定语从句?1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词;定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后;引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系代词:The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.2. 关系词作用:(1)代替先行词;(2)它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;(3)同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句.(把主句和从句连起来)三、定语从句的基本用法:关系词判断步骤:首先,要看先行词。

如果先行词是指人,关系代词可用who,that,whom,whose。

如果先行词指物,关系代词可用which,that或whose四、关系代词that, which,who, whose引导定语从句的基本用法:1.that, who(在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人), whom三者都可指代人,在定语从句中,that作主语或宾语;who作主语,也能作宾语;whom只能作宾语,作宾语的关系代词可以省略。

e.g. He is the teacher that/who teaches us English.He is the teacher (that/who/whom) we want to visit.2.that, which指代物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时也可以省略。

《定语从句》 导学案

《定语从句》 导学案

《定语从句》导学案一、学习目标1、了解定语从句的定义和基本结构。

2、掌握关系代词和关系副词的用法。

3、能够正确运用定语从句来描述人、物、事。

二、学习重难点1、重点(1)关系代词 that、which、who、whom、whose 的用法。

(2)关系副词 when、where、why 的用法。

2、难点(1)如何判断先行词在定语从句中充当的成分。

(2)区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的用法。

三、知识梳理(一)定语从句的定义在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

(二)定语从句的基本结构定语从句由关系词(关系代词和关系副词)引导,关系词在定语从句中充当一定的成分。

关系代词:that、which、who、whom、whose关系副词:when、where、why(三)关系代词的用法1、 that 既可以指人,也可以指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。

例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting (that 在从句中作宾语)The man that is standing there is my teacher (that 在从句中作主语)2、 which 指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语。

例如:The house which was built last year is very beautiful (which 在从句中作主语)The pen which you gave me is very nice (which 在从句中作宾语)3、 who 指人,在定语从句中作主语、宾语。

例如:The man who is talking to my father is a teacher (who 在从句中作主语)The girl who you met yesterday is my sister (who 在从句中作宾语)4、 whom 指人,在定语从句中作宾语。

定语从句导学案2

定语从句导学案2

定语从句导学案学习目标:1.了解定语从句的概念2.清楚关系代词与关系副词的区别,并能正确使用。

学习重点:能够在具体语境中熟练运用定语从句。

学习难点:在具体语境中正确使用关系代词和关系副词。

考点分析:语法填空中的准确运用。

Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词填空1.Do you like the present ________ I bought you yesterday?2.The storybook ________ was written by his uncle is quite interesting.3.The boy ________ computer doesn’t work well needs your help.4.This is the best movie ________ we have seen this year.5.The doctor ________ we met in the street is from America.6.The passengers and the suitcases ________ were in the waiting room had to wait for another plane.7.Who is the girl ________ you want to make friends with?8.This is the last lesson ________ Mr Smith taught us.9.I’ll forever cherish the days ________ I studied abroad.10.Let’s find a place ________ we can have a picnic.Ⅱ.句型转换(将下列句子改写成定语从句)1.Have you found the bike? You are looking for the bike.________________________________________________2.The book is very interesting. I bought the book yesterday.________________________________________________3.I saw some trees. Their leaves were black with disease.________________________________________________4.The girl is our monitor. She is playing the piano over there.________________________________________________5.He was born in a town. The town is far away from the city.________________________________________________6.This is the house. A famous writer once lived in it.________________________________________________7.I will never forget the day. I joined the league on the day.________________________________________________8.There are many reasons. People like travelling for many reasons.________________________________________________自我归纳:在复合句中,用来修饰____________和____________的从句叫做定语从句。

中考语法复习:定语从句讲解和练习导学案(含答案)

中考语法复习:定语从句讲解和练习导学案(含答案)

定语从句一.关系代词VS 关系副词关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1)who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。

(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。

(which / that在句中作主语)The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。

(which / that在句中作宾语)关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

1)when, where, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

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定语从句导学案你如何给“成功”、“银行家”、“人类”“美”“婚姻”这些词下定义呢?现在我们来看看这几则定义吧:1. SUCCESSA successful man is one makes more money than his wife can spend.A successful woman is one can find such a man.2. A banker is a fellow lends you his umbrella when the sun is shining, but wants it back the minute it begins to rain.3. Human beings are the only creatures on earth ,allow their children to come back home.4. Beauty is the first present nature gives to woman and the first it takes away.5. Marriage is an institution in a man loses his bachelor's degree and the woman gets her master's. 怎么样?是谁在说定语从句枯燥无趣的?我们再来看看充满智慧的名言,给它们添加上合适的关系词:1 . A friend ____ you buy with presents will be bought from you.用礼物“买来”的朋友终会被买走。

2. Friendship is the golden thread ____ ties the hearts of all the world.友谊是一根金线,把全世界的心连在一起。

3. Chances favor the minds ____ are prepared.机遇总是降临到时刻做好准备的人身上。

4. If you wait, all ____ happens is that you get older. 如果你等待,发生的只是你变老。

5. He ____ falls today, may rise tomorrow.今日失败的人,也许明日就会奋起。

6.The worst bankrupt is the person ____ has lost his enthusiasm.最惨的破产就是丧失自己的热情。

7. Courage is the ladder on ____ all the other virtues mount.勇气是一架梯子,其他美德全靠它爬上去.。

8. Never leave that until tomorrow, _____ you can do today . 今天的事不要拖到明天9. Love should be a tree ____ roots are deep in the earth, but ____ branches extend intoheaven.爱情之树应该深深扎在泥土中,而其枝条则要伸展于广阔的天空。

10. Home is the place ____ ,when you have to go there , it has to take you in.无论何时何地家永远是向游子敞开大门的地方。

11. The only thing ____will stop you from fulfilling your dreams is you.惟一阻挡你实现梦想的就是你自己。

12. The dictionary is the only place ____success comes before work.只有在字典中,“成功”才会出现在“工作”之前。

13. The shortest word ___I know is “I”. The sweetest word ____I know is "love".The onlyperson ____I never forget is "you!"(不必翻译了吧?你懂的!)现在请你看看下面的答案,看自己做对了多少:1. (who/that/whom) 2. which/that 3. which/that 4. that(先行词是指物的不定代词时一般用that) 5. who/that 6. who/that 7. which(介词后不用that哟)8. which(先行词是that, 我们就别重复用了吧,还有,看到逗号了吧?这是一句非限制性定语从句)9. whose, whose 10.where 11. that 12. where 13. 这三句甜言蜜语中的关系代词that均可省略掌握定语从句的用法,必须突破以下难关:我们见到定语从句时一定要仔细分析一下定语从句的含义。

不要一见到先行词是时间或者地点名词就用when或where引导,而应看看引导词在定语从句中应作什么成份。

如果作时间、地点或原因状语才能用when,where和why。

也可以分析一下定语从句中是否有主语或宾语。

如果既有主语又有宾语,可以用when, where或why引导;假若没有主语和宾语,那么就要考虑是否用that或which来引导了。

如:A. Do you still remember the day_____ we met?B. Do you remember the day_____ we spent with professor Li in Xi’ an?类似的例子还有:C. This is the place____we visited last year.A.where B、which C、to which D、by which). (选B . which是关系代词作宾语,指物)D. We will visit the place ____ he worked three years ago.A.where B、which C、that D、by which). (选A. where是关系副词作状语)。

E. I went to Beijing last year, ____ I visited theGreat Wall.(A. when B、where C、which D. that)在这句话里where也是关系副词作状语。

但从形式上看主句和从句用逗号隔开,从内容上看从句对先行词作了补充说明而不是修饰限制。

因此它是一个非限制性定语从句。

(弱弱的问一句:你知道限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别吗?)当关系代词引导一个定语从句并且在从句中充当宾语时,该从句中的谓语动词必须是及物动词;如果不是,就要在该动词后加上相应介词。

如果关系代词为which或whom,则要将介词放在which 或whom前。

注意下面的句子;A. This is the book (that) I have learned a lot from.B. This is the book from which I have learned a lot. 上面两个句子意思都是“这就是那本让我获益非浅的书”,但由于第二句由关系代词which引导,介词from必须放在which之前。

C. Do you know the man (that) she was talking to?D. Do you know the man to whom she was talking? 你认识和她说话的那个人吗?(两句中的to是否常常被你忘掉?)E. The house (that) he is living in is now a shop.F. The house in which he is living is now a shop.他现在居住的房子现在是一个商店。

(道理同上,注意in的位置。

)定语从句中关系代词who指人,是主格,在从句中做主语;whom是宾格,在从句中作宾语;whose 是所有格,在从句中作定语,是定语从句中表示所属关系的引导词,意为“……的”,既可以指人,也可以指物。

然而,有些同学只知道whose意为“谁的”,只能表示人的所属关系,这是一种错误的认识,应该纠正过来。

如:A. He is talking with the girl whose brother is my classmate他正在和那个弟弟是我同学的女孩说话。

B. This is the boy whose father is our English teacher. 这就是那个父亲是我们英语教师的男孩。

C. He lives in a house whose window opens to the south. 他住在一间窗户朝南开的房子里。

(whose意为“房子的”)有which没that,有that没whichthat与which都可以修饰表示物的先行词。

于是,只要一见到表示物的先行词,你老人家都用这两个关系代词引导。

殊不知,有些情况下只能用that引导,不能用which;有些情况下只能用which引导,不能用that。

1. 先行词为all、everything、something、anything、nothing时只能用that引导。

A. I’d like to tell you something that will make you surprised. 我想告诉一件使你感到惊奇的事。

B. I’ll tell you everything/all (that) I saw in the United States.我会把在美国看到的事情告诉你。

2. 先行词被数词,最高级形容词以及the very、the only、the last等修饰时只能用that引导。

A. That is the only English book (that) he bought from the bookstore yesterday.这就是他昨天从书店买的唯一的那本英语书。

B. Agriculture was the most important invention that led to the beginning of civilization. 农业是导致文明开始的最重要的发明。

C. This is the very pen (that) he is looking for.这正是他在寻找的钢笔。

3.先行词中既有人又有物时只能用that引导A. Henry and his dog that appeared in street last week disappeared mysteriously inthe forest yesterday.亨利和他的小狗上周还在街上,昨天又神秘地消失在树林里。

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