专题十四《特殊句式》
特殊句式讲义及练习
专题十四特殊句式知识摘要倒装句强调句省略句其他特殊句式祈使句感叹句there be句型考点梳理考点一、倒装句英语句子通常有两种语序：一种是主语在前，谓语在后，称为自然语序；另一种是谓语的全部或者部分提到主语的前面，称为倒装语序。
在倒装语序中，若整个谓语都在主语之前，称为全部倒装；若只将助动词、情态动词或be动词等谓语的一部分放在主语之前，称为部分倒装。
形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。
它的特点是只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。
1.全部倒装(1)表示时间、地点和方位的副词（如there, here, up, down, out, in, away, now,then等）位于句首，句子主语是名词，谓语是go, come, run等时，可将谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends.学生们涌出去欢迎外国朋友。
【温馨提示】主语是代词时，不倒装。
Here he comes. 他来了。
(2)表“地点”的方位名词置于句首强调地点，且句子的主语是名词时。
North of the city lies a river. 城北有一条河。
(3)作状语或表语表地点的介词短语位于句首，主语是名词时。
Before the village is a river. 村庄前有一条河。
In the house at the foot of the mountain lived an old man.山脚下的房子里住着一位老人。
(4)作表语的形容词或分词位于句首，主语是名词时。
Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.我们用洋油的日子一去不复返了。
(5)such作主语，置于句首，意为“……就是如此”，主语是名词时。
Such were his words. = Such was what he said. 他就是这样说的。
特殊句式
解析 “被”是“遭受”之意。
三、宾语前置句 宾语前置句在文言倒装句中最为复杂，判断方法主要是认准标志，辨清类型。 (1)否定句中代词作宾语前置，标志是：①有否定词“未”“不”“莫”等； ②作宾语的必须是代词，如“之”“余”“尔”等。 (2)疑问句中疑问代词作宾语或介词的宾语前置，标志是：①疑问句式；②作宾 语的是疑问代词，如“何”“安”“奚”等。 (3)用“之”“是”“唯……是……”等作标志的宾语前置。
解析 C项“于”应译为“到”。
六、谓语前置句 一般情况下，谓语是放在主语后面的，但在文言文中，有些感叹句或疑问句， 为了强调和突出谓语的意义而将它放到句首，这就是谓语前置，也叫主谓倒装。 例如：甚矣，汝之不惠！正常语序应是“汝之不惠甚矣！”谓语前置，表强调 意味，可译为“你太不聪明了！” 谓语前置句一般具备两个条件：一是多为疑问句或感叹句，二是谓语动词后多 有语助词“乎”“哉”“矣”“兮”等。
(1)下列各句中，没有省略现象的一项是 A.廉颇为赵将，伐齐，大破之 B.沛公军霸上 C.不如因而厚遇之，使归赵
√D.是故弟子不必不如师
解析 A项承前省略主语。 B项“军”后面省略介词“于”。 C项“使”后面省略“之”。
八、固定句式 固定句式的语法特点就是由一些不同词性的词凝结在一起，固定成为一种句法格式， 表达一种新的语法意义，世代沿用，约定俗成，经久不变。根据表达语气和表达作用可分 为以下几种： (1)表陈述语气：“有以”(有可以用来……的办法)、“无以”(不能、没有什么用 来……的办法)，“有所”(有……用来的人、事、物)、“无所”(没有……用来的人、事、 物)等。 (2)表疑问语气：“何如”“如(奈、若)……何”，均译作“把(对)……怎么办”。 (3)表反问语气：①“何(奚、曷)以(用)……为”“何……为”，可译作“还要……干 什么呢”“哪里用得着……呢”。 ②“不亦……乎”(不也是……吗)、“何……之有”(有……呢)、“庸……乎”(难 道……吗)。 (4)表揣度语气：“无乃(得无)……欤(邪)”(莫非/该不会……吧)。
《文言文特殊句式》课件
主语+谓语动词+为+施 事者。
主语+谓语动词+所+施 事者。
主语+被+施事者+谓语 动词。
被动句的用法和注意事项
用法
在需要强调主语是动作的接受者时使用被动句。
注意事项
避免使用过于复杂或冗长的被动句式，以免影响阅读和理解。
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省略句
省略句的定义
01
省略句是指在文言文中，由于上 下文语境的限制，某些句子成分 被省略，以达到简洁表达的效果 。
判断句的常见形式
“……者，……也”的形式
这是判断句中最常见的一种形式，用“者”作为提顿词，在“者”之 后用“也”来加强判断语气。例如，“陈涉者，阳城人也。”
“……，……也”的形式
这种形式与上一种形式类似，只是省略了“者”字。例如，“刘备， 天下枭雄也。”
“……者，……矣”的形式
这种形式与前两种形式略有不同，用“矣”来加强判断语气。例如， “此乃王之贼也。”
固定句式是文言文中的一种特殊表达 方式，是古代汉语的精华之一，掌握 固定句式对于理解文言文和提升语言 表达能力都具有重要意义。
固定句式的常见形式
判断句
被动句
以“……者，……也”或“……，……也”的 句式表示判断，如“陈涉者，阳城人也” 。
以“为……所……”或“为……”的句式表示 被动，如“为贼所害”。
语言习惯
倒装句的使用符合文言文的语言习惯 ，有助于理解文言文的表达方式和文 化内涵。
语境要求
倒装句的使用需要符合特定的语境要 求，不能随意使用，否则会破坏句子 的语法结构和表达意义。
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固定句式
固定句式的定义
固定句式是指在文言文中，一些表达 特定意义或特定语气的句式，这些句 式在结构上相对固定，不能随意更改 。
高中语文高考文言文特殊句式讲解(共四大类)
高考语文文言特殊句式1.判断句（1）主语后面用“者”表示停顿，在谓语后面用“也”表示判断，即“……者……也”式。
这种判断句式，是古汉语中表示判断的典型格式。
如：廉颇者，赵之良将也。
（《廉颇蔺相如列传》）（2）主语后面用“者”表示停顿，而谓语后面不用“也”。
翻译时，这种判断句式中的“者”不译，只在主语和谓语之间加判断词“是”。
如：四人者，庐陵萧君圭君玉，长乐王回深父，余弟安国平父，安上纯父。
（《游褒禅山记》）（3）主语后面不用“者”表示停顿，只在谓语后面用“也”表示判断。
翻译时，这种判断句式中的“也”同样不译，只在主、谓语之间加“是”。
如：和氏璧，天下所共传宝也。
（《廉颇蔺相如列传》）（4）前面不用“者”停顿，谓语后面“者也”连用，表示判断，即“……者也”式。
翻译时，这种判断句中的“者也”不用译，在主谓语之间加“是”。
如：沛公之参乘樊哙者也。
（《鸿门宴》）（5）“者”“也”都不用。
译成现代汉语时，只需在主、谓语之间加“是”。
如：刘备，天下枭雄。
（《赤壁之战》）（6）用动词“为”表示判断，即“……为……”式。
如：人方为刀俎，我为鱼肉……（《鸿门宴》）（7）用“是”做判断动词。
如：巨是凡人，偏在远郡……（《赤壁之战》）（8）用“乃、即、则、皆、必、本”等副词表示肯定判断，用副词“非”表示否定判断。
a.今公子有急，此乃臣效命之秋也。
（《信陵君窃符救赵》）b.此则岳阳楼之大观也。
（《岳阳楼记》）c.臣本布衣。
（《出师表》）2.被动句（1）用介词“于”引进行为的施动者，表示被动，即“谓语+……”的形式。
如：夫赵强而燕弱，而君幸于赵王，故燕王欲结于君。
（《廉颇蔺相如列传》）（2）在动词前边用“见”表示被动，构成“见+谓语”的形式。
如：欲予秦，秦城恐不可得，徒见欺。
（《廉颇蔺相如列传》）如果需要把动作行为的施动者介绍出来，可在动词后加介词“于”，构成“见+谓语+于”的形式。
如：臣诚恐见欺于王而负赵……（《廉颇蔺相如列传》）（3）在动词前用“受”字来表示被动，构成“受+谓语”的形式。
高考必考语精讲精练专题十四：特殊句式 Word版含解析
高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题十四：特殊句式Ⅰ.强调句一．强调句的基本形式1、强调句的陈述句形式：It is/ was +被强调部分+ that/ who+其它部分。
注意：被强调部分通常是主语、宾语或状语；强调主语且指人的时候可以用who，其他一律用that。
例如：Hemetan old friendin the parkyesterday.主语谓语宾语地点状语时间状语对句中各部分进行强调：（1）强调主语：It was he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday.（2）强调宾语：It was an old friend that he met in the park yesterday.（3）强调地点状语：It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday.（4）强调时间状语：It was yesterday that he met an old friend in the park.2、强调句的一般疑问句形式：Is / was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？①Was it he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday?②Was it an old friend that he met in the park yesterday?③Was it in the park that he met an old friend yesterday?④Was it yesterday that he met an old friend in the park?3、强调句的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+ is/ was + it + that + 其它部分？①What is it that you want me to do?②Who was it that broke the window?③Where was it that you put your English book?④When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?⑤Why is it that he doesn't like the book?⑥How was it that he got hurt?注意：（1）强调主语时，谓语动词和主语在人称和数上要保持一致。
新课标2015届高三英语二轮专题复习课时作业14 特殊句式
专题十四特殊句式高考精萃1．(2014·大纲全国卷)Not ________ do the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.2．(2014·湖南卷)Only when you can find peace in your heart ________ you keep good relationships with others.3．(2014·福建卷)It was the culture, rather than the language, ________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.4．(2014·湖南卷)It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do ________ makes life happy.5．(2014·四川卷)Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr. Smith got angry?6．(2014·大纲全国卷)________ (call) me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result.7．(2014·北京卷)________(observe) carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.8．(2014·天津卷)Give me a chance, ________ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.9．(2014·福建卷)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ________ ever, reaching 30℃ in summer.10．(2014·湖南卷)________ (make)what you're doing today important, because you're trading a day of your life for it.11．(2014·湖南卷)All we need ________ (be) a small piece of landwhere we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.12．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ________(not)．13．(2013·课标全国卷Ⅱ)________ by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated properly in this hospital.14．(2013·福建卷)Not until he went through real hardship ________ he realize the love we have for our families is important.15．(2013·湖南卷)Not once ________ it occur to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.16．(2013·江西卷)Only when he apologizes for his rudeness ________ I speak to him again.17．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)It was only after he had read the papers ________ Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.18．(2013·天津卷)It was not until near the end of the letter ________ she mentioned her own plan.19．(2013·重庆卷)It was with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued.20．(2012·湖南卷)It was not until I came here __________ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.21．(2012·重庆卷)It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ________ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.22．(2012·辽宁卷)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago ________he consider having a holiday abroad.23．(2012·天津卷)Only after Mary read her composition the second time ________ she notice the spelling mistake.24．(2012·湖北卷)Little ________ she care what she looks like; all she cares about is her job performance.25．(2012·重庆卷)The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor ________ he even give it a thought.26．(2012·江西卷)Never before ________ he seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.27．(2012·四川卷)This is not my story, nor ________ it the whole story. My story plays out differently.28．(2011·课标全国卷Ⅰ)Only when he reached the tea-house ________ he realize it was the same place he'd been in last year.29．(2011·四川卷)Was it on a lonely island ________ he was saved one month after the boat went down?30．(2011·陕西卷)It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do ________ benefits our work fast.答案与解析1．only句意：护士们不仅想涨工资，而且也想减少工作时间。
中考考点专题归纳--特殊句式
中考考点专题归纳--特殊句式中考考点专题归纳—特殊句式特殊句式包括：反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、省略句、倒装句。
一：反意疑问句（前后相反）Ⅰ：作法：先作一个疑问句，再作反意。
1.反问部分谓语的判断，反问部分的谓语看原句。
采用“系对系，情对情，助对助”原则2.反问部分主语的判断，反问部分的主语必须是代词。
如果原句的主语是代词则可以直接用，如果原句的主语不是代词要变为代词再用。
主语是物单数用it,复数用they.主语是人，单数用he / she, 复数用they.特殊情况：①：当原句的主语是there时，疑问部分的主语也为there.②：当原句的主语是this / that时，疑问部分的主语为it.③：当原句的主语是these / those时，疑问部分的主语为 they.④：当原句的主语是以body / one结尾的不定代词时，疑问部分的主语为he.⑤：当原句的主语是以thing结尾的不定代词时，疑问部分的主语为it.⑥：当原句的主语是不定式、动名词、分词时，疑问部分的主语为it.3. 判断句式。
否定句的判断。
①：原句中有“not”时，句子为否定句。
②：原句中有“no或以no开头的不定代词”时句子为否定句。
③：原句中有“little、few、never、hardly、scarely”时，句子为否定句。
④：原句中有“too…to , neither… nor ”时，句子为否定句。
Ⅱ：特殊情况：当句子中有“unhappy、dislike”时，句子为肯定句。
理由像这种加了否定前缀而构成的否定词只能否定这个词本身而不能否定整个句子。
Ⅲ：特殊句子的反意疑问句1.以“let’s”开头的句子反问部分用→shall we?2.以“let us”开头的句子反问部分用→will you?3.原句是祈使句，反问部分用→will you?4.原句是I don’t think + 句子，反问部分以think 后的句子为准确定主语和谓语，此时机子为否定句。
《师说》2018高三英语外研版一轮课时训练专题十四特殊句式Word版含解析
课时训练62特殊句式一、下列每个句子都有一处错误，请改正。
1．In no way he will give up his dream until he succeeds at last.答案he will→will he2．It is the best play I have ever seen, and never before had I seen a film of so high quality.答案had→have3．West of our city lie a very old temple with a very touching story.答案lie→lies4．Not only I am interested in fishing, but I become a member of a club to improve my skills.答案I am→am I5．Not until I went through his paper I found what rapid progress he had made in writing.答案I found→did I find二、补充下列反意疑问句。
1．Tom doesn't have an English dictionary, ？答案does he2．You and I could hardly work together, ？答案could we3．It can't have snowed last week, ？答案did it4．It's the first time that he has been to Australia,？答案isn't it5．The little girl used to sleep with all lightson, ？答案didn't she/usedn't she三、句型转换1．My parents lent me the money. If they hadn't done that, I couldn't have afforded the trip.My parents lent me the money. ，I couldn't have afforded the trip.答案Otherwise2．I didn't say hello to the boy until he greeted me first.Not until he greeted me first hello to the boy.答案did I say3．Unless we are permitted, we'd better not tell others about that.，we'd better not tell others about that.答案Unless permitted4．The villagers found some strange creatures that they hadn't seen before in that lake.It was the villagers found some strange creatures that they hadn't seen before.答案in that lake that5．Work hard and you'll pass the final exam.You will fail the final exam.答案unless you work hard6．The answers the students gave were quite puzzling.the answers the students gave were!答案How puzzling7．He speaks French fluently, and his wife also speaks French fluently.He speaks French fluently, his wife.答案so does8．He was determined to study abroad, no matter what the cost was.He was determined to study abroad,.答案whatever the cost was9．While he is climbing up the stairs, the old man always loses his breath.the stairs, the old man always loses his breath.答案While climbing up10．They think she may try to phone. If she calls up, someone must stay here.They think she may try to phone. ，someone must stay here.答案If so四、根据汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子。
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课时训练54特殊句式一、下列每个句子都有一处错误，请改正。
1．In no way he will give up his dream until he succeeds at last.答案he will→will he2．It is the best play I have ever seen, and never before had I seen a film of so high quality.答案had→have3．West of our city lie a very old temple with a very touching story.答案lie→lies4．Not only I am interested in fishing, but I become a member of a club to improve my skills.答案I am→am I5．Not until I went through his paper I found what rapid progress he had made in writing.答案I found→did I find二、补充下列反意疑问句。
1．Tom doesn't have an English dictionary, ________ ________？答案does he2．You and I could hardly work together, ________ ________？答案could we3．It can't have snowed last week, ________ ________？答案did it4．It's the first time that he has been to Australia, ________ ________？答案isn't it5．The little girl used to sleep with all lights on, ________ ________？答案didn't she/usedn't she三、句型转换1．My parents lent me the money. If they hadn't done that, I couldn't have afforded the trip.My parents lent me the money. ________，I couldn't have afforded the trip.答案Otherwise2．I didn't say hello to the boy until he greeted me first.Not until he greeted me first ________ ________ ________ hello to the boy.答案did I say3．Unless we are permitted, we'd better not tell others about that.________ ________，we'd better not tell others about that.答案Unless permitted4．The villagers found some strange creatures that they hadn't seen before in that lake.It was ________ ________ ________ ________ the villagers found some strange creatures that they hadn't seen before.答案in that lake that5．Work hard and you'll pass the final exam.You will fail the final exam ________ ________ ________ ________.答案unless you work hard6．The answers the students gave were quite puzzling.________ ________ the answers the students gave were!答案How puzzling7．He speaks French fluently, and his wife also speaks French fluently.He speaks French fluently, ________ ________ his wife.答案so does8．He was determined to study abroad, no matter what the cost was.He was determined to study abroad, ________ ________ ________ ________.答案whatever the cost was9．While he is climbing up the stairs, the old man always loses his breath.________ ________ ________ the stairs, the old man always loses his breath.答案While climbing up10．They think she may try to phone. If she calls up, someone must stay here.They think she may try to phone. ________ ________，someone must stay here.答案If so四、根据汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子。
1．像那样读文章，如果继续下去的话，将对你有害。
Reading articles like that，________ ________，will do harm to you.(continue)答案if continued2．一看到警察，这个男孩子就从门后冲了出去。
At the sight of the policeman，out ________ ________ ________ from behind the door.(rush)答案rushed the boy3．只有当他们再次研究数据时，他们才意识到数据有错误。
Only when they had studied the data again ________ ________ ________ that there was a mistake.(realize)答案did they realize4．学生绝对不应该在老师面前撒谎。
By no means ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ before their teachers.(tell)答案do the students tell lies5．他走得如此快以致我们俩没人能赶上他。
So fast ________ ________ ________ that neither of us could catch up with him.(walk)答案did he walk6．如果有必要，你最好用你的零花钱买点卡片。
________ ________，you had better buy some cards with your pocket money.(necessary)答案If necessary7．直到我去参观这个地方，我才发现它真的名副其实。
It was not until I visited the place ________ ________ ________ it really worthy of the reputation.(find)答案that I found8．马克思总是很准时，他从来没有在上午9点之后到达办公室过。
Max is always on time for everything.Never ________ ________________ to the office after 9：00 in the morning.(get)答案has he got9．如果他们想来参加你的聚会，这不要紧，是吧？It doesn't matter if they want to come to your party，________ ________？(do)答案does it10．我从未想到墙上有幅画。
I have never dreamed of ________ ________ a picture on the wall.(there)答案there being五、高考原题单项填空1．Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr. Smith got angry?A. whyB. whoC. whereD. that答案 D解析考查强调句型。
句意为：Smith先生生气就是因为Jack上学迟到了吗？强调句的结构是：“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他”，可译为：“正是……”或“就是……”。
强调句的一般疑问句结构是：Is/Was it...that/who...？题中是对原因状语从句“because Jack came late for school”进行强调。
故选D。
2．It was the culture, rather than the language, ________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.A. whereB. whyC. thatD. what答案 C解析考查强调句。
句意为：让他很难适应国外新环境的不是语言，而是文化差异。
分析句子结构及句意可知，本句为强调句，再根据强调句的基本结构“It is/was...that...”可知，答案选C。
3．It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do ________ makes life happy.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. who答案 A解析考查强调句型。