【课堂新概念】高考一轮苏教版5【讲义】离子反应

0721高考一轮离子反应

酸、碱、盐在水溶液中的电离

1.电解质

(1)化合物的分类

(2)电解质的强弱与物质类别的关系

2.电解质的电离

电离是指电解质在水溶液里或熔融状态下,离解成自由移动离子的过程。3.电离方程式的书写

(1)强电解质:用“===”号连接;弱电解质(或弱酸酸式酸根)用“ ”号连接。

(2)多元弱酸电离分步书写,多元弱碱一步写出。

如:H2S:H2S H++HS-,HS- H++S2-。

Cu(OH)2:Cu(OH)2 Cu2++2OH-。

(3)两性氢氧化物[Al(OH)3]的电离

Al3++3OH-Al(OH)3H++AlO-2+H2O

(4)酸式盐的电离:多元强酸酸式盐与多元弱酸酸式盐的阴离子不同。

如NaHSO4溶液中:NaHSO4===Na++H++SO2-4;

NaHCO3溶液中:NaHCO3===Na++HCO-3,HCO-3 H++CO2-3。

4.酸、碱的定义

(1)酸指电离出的阳离子全部是H+的化合物。

(2)碱指电离出的阴离子全部是OH-的化合物。

离子反应和离子方程式

1.离子反应

2.离子方程式

(1)书写步骤(以CuSO4和NaOH反应为例)

(2)意义:离子方程式不仅可以表示某一个具体的化学反应,而且还可以表示同一类型的离子反应。如H++OH-===H2O可以表示盐酸与NaOH反应,也可表示强酸与强碱生成可溶性盐和H2O的一类反应。

1.易误诊断(正确的打“√”,错误的打“×”)。

(1)NH3、SO2的水溶液均导电,所以NH3、SO2均属于电解质()

(2)强电解质饱和溶液一定比弱电解质饱和溶液的导电性强()

(3)Fe、Cu、Ag熔化能导电,故Fe、Cu、Ag为电解质()

(4)NaHCO3是强电解质,故NaHCO3的电离方程式为NaHCO3===Na++H++CO2-3()

(5)铜和食盐水都能导电,都属于电解质;BaSO4、CaCO3等不溶于水,都属于弱电解质()

(6)H++OH-===H2O可表示所有强酸和强碱的中和反应()

(7)NaHSO4能电离出H+,故NaHSO4属于酸()

【答案】(1)×(2)×(3)×(4)×(5)×(6)×(7)×

2.写出下列物质的电离方程式

(1)Ca(OH)2:____________________________________________。

(2)CH3COOH:___________________________________________。

(3)H2S:_________________________________________________。

(4)Fe(OH)3:_____________________________________________。

(5)NaHSO4(熔融条件):____________________________________。

【答案】 (1)Ca(OH)2===Ca 2+

+2OH -

(2)CH 3COOH CH 3COO -+H +

(3)H 2S H +

+HS -

,HS -

H +

+S 2-

(4)Fe(OH)3

Fe 3+

+3OH -

(5)NaHSO 4=====熔融

Na ++HSO -

4 3.完成下列离子方程式

(1)CaCO 3与稀HNO 3:______________________________________。 (2)Cl 2通入FeCl 2溶液:_______________________________________。 (3)稀H 2SO 4与Ba(OH)2溶液反应:______________________________。 (4)Na 与H 2O 反应:__________________________________________。 【答案】 (1)CaCO 3+2H +

===Ca 2+

+CO 2↑+H 2O

(2)Cl 2+2Fe 2+

===2Fe 3+

+2Cl -

(3)2H +

+SO 2-

4+Ba 2

+2OH -

===2H 2O +BaSO 4↓

(4)2Na +2H 2O===2Na ++2OH -

+H 2↑

6种强酸:HNO 3、H 2SO 4、HClO 4、HCl 、HBr 、HI 。

8种弱酸:H 2SO 3、H 2CO 3、HClO 、HF 、H 2S 、HNO 2、H 3PO 4、RCOOH 。

4种强碱:NaOH 、KOH 、Ba(OH)2、Ca(OH)2。

6种弱碱:NH 3·H 2O 、Fe(OH)3、Fe(OH)2、Cu(OH)2、Mg(OH)2、AgOH 。

4种有色离子:MnO -

4(紫)、Cu 2+

(蓝)、Fe 3+

(黄)、Fe 2+

(浅绿)。

4种氧化性离子:MnO -

4、ClO -

、Fe 3+

、NO -

3(H +

)。

4种还原性离子:Fe 2+

、S 2-

、SO 2-

3、I -

5种与H+、OH-不能共存离子:HCO-3、HS-、HSO-3、H2PO-4、HPO2-4。

1.不能违背反应原理

如Fe与硝酸反应生成H2。

2.正确使用必要的符号(===, ,↑,↓)

(1)一般离子的水解反应用“ ”,不注明“↑”或“↓”。

(2)两离子水解相互促进生成沉淀或气体时用“===”,注明“↑”或“↓”。

3.电解质的拆分问题

(1)弱酸、弱碱、难溶盐、单质、氧化物、气体用化学式表示。

(2)多元弱酸的酸式盐的酸式酸根离子在离子方程式中不能拆开写,多元强酸的酸式盐的酸式酸根离子在离子方程式中拆开写。

(3)对于微溶性的强电解质:①在反应物中视情况而定。如澄清石灰水中Ca(OH)2以Ca2+、OH-存在,可以拆成离子的形式;石灰乳中主要以不溶的Ca(OH)2存在,不能拆成离子形式。②在生成物中,一般不能拆,以化学式形式表示。

(4)氨水作为反应物写NH3·H2O;作为生成物,若有加热条件或浓度很大时,可写NH3(标↑号),若是稀溶液且不加热时,可写NH3·H2O。

4.反应物或产物的配比是否正确。如稀硫酸与Ba(OH)2溶液反应不能写成H++OH-+SO2-4+Ba2+===BaSO4↓+H2O。

5.不要漏掉反应:如Ba(OH)2溶液与CuSO4溶液反应,既要写Ba2+与SO2-4生成BaSO4沉淀,也不能漏掉Cu2+与OH-生成Cu(OH)2沉淀。

6.反应前后是否遵循两守恒(原子守恒和电荷守恒)

如FeCl2与Cl2反应不能写成Fe2++Cl2===Fe3++2Cl-(电荷不守恒)

常见的与量有关的离子方程式有下列情况:

(1)CO2(或SO2、H2S)参与的离子反应,CO2(SO2、H2S)少量时生成正盐,过量或足量时生成酸式盐。

(2)酸式盐与碱反应,书写时可采用设“1”法,即将少量物质的量定为1 mol,其他反应物的离子根据需要确定物质的量。

(3)FeBr2(还原性Fe2+>Br-)、FeI2(还原性I->Fe2+)通入Cl2,Cl2不足时对于FeBr2氧化Fe2+,对于FeI2氧化I-等。

(4)Fe与HNO3的反应,Fe少量生成Fe3+,Fe过量生成Fe2+。

(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)能正确表示下列反应的离子方程式是()

A.浓盐酸与铁屑反应:2Fe+6H+===2Fe3++3H2↑

B.钠与CuSO4溶液反应:2Na+Cu2+===Cu↓+2Na+

C.NaHCO3溶液与稀H2SO4反应:CO2-3+2H+===H2O+CO2↑

D.向FeCl3溶液中加入Mg(OH)2:3Mg(OH)2+2Fe3+===2Fe(OH)3+3Mg2+

【解析】A项,浓盐酸与铁反应生成Fe2+,正确的离子方程式应为Fe+2H+===Fe2++H2↑;B项,钠与CuSO4不能发生置换反应,钠先与水反应生成氢气和氢氧化钠,氢氧化钠再与硫酸铜反应生成氢氧化铜沉淀,正确的离子方程式应为2Na+Cu2++2H2O===Cu(OH)2↓+2Na++H2↑;C项,NaHCO3溶于水电离出Na+和HCO-3,HCO-3不能再拆分,正确的离子方程式应为HCO-3+H+===H2O+CO2↑;D项,Fe3+发生水解反应:Fe3++3H2O Fe(OH)3+3H+,加入Mg(OH)2后消耗H+,促使水解平衡正向移动,生成Fe(OH)3,该项正确。

【答案】 D

溶液滴加顺序不同发生不同的离子反应的两实例

(1)AlCl3溶液与NaOH溶液相互滴加开始离子反应不同。

(2)Na2CO3溶液与稀盐酸相互滴加开始离子反应不同。

考向1 直接判断离子方程式正误

1.(2013·江苏高考)下列表示对应化学反应的离子方程式正确的是( ) A .MnO 2与浓盐酸反应制Cl 2:MnO 2+4HCl=====△Mn 2++2Cl -

+Cl 2↑+2H 2O B .明矾溶于水产生Al(OH)3胶体:Al 3+

+3H 2O===Al(OH)3↓+3H +

C .Na 2O 2溶于水产生O 2:Na 2O 2+H 2O===2Na ++2OH -

+O 2↑

D .Ca(HCO 3)2溶液与少量NaOH 溶液反应:HCO -

3+Ca 2+

+OH -

===CaCO 3↓+H 2O

【解析】 根据离子反应的实质,从是否符合反应事实、化学式拆分是否得当、是否符合守恒(电荷、原子)规律等角度进行分析,得出合理答案。浓盐酸中HCl 以H +

和Cl -

形式存在,不能写成分子形式,A 错。Al(OH)3为胶体不是沉淀,不能标沉淀符号“↓”,B 错。C 项不符合原子守恒,应为2Na 2O 2+2H 2O===4Na +

+4OH -

+O 2↑。Ca(HCO 3)2溶液中加入少量NaOH 溶液,HCO -

3部分发生反应,离子方程式为Ca 2+

+HCO -

3+OH -

===CaCO 3↓+H 2O ,

D 对。 【答案】 D

考向2 根据题设条件书写离子方程式

2.(2012·上海高考)为探究NH 4HCO 3和NaOH 的反应,设计实验方案如下: 含0.1 mol NH 4HCO 3的溶液中加入0.1 mol NaOH ,反应完全后,滴加氯化钙稀溶液。 若有沉淀,则NH 4HCO 3与NaOH 的反应可能为___________________________(写离子方程式);

若无沉淀,则NH 4HCO 3与NaOH 的反应可能为__________________________(写离子方程式)。

【解析】 向NH 4HCO 3溶液中加入NaOH 时,发生的离子反应有:HCO -

3+OH -

===CO 2-

3+

H 2O 与NH +4+OH -

===NH 3·H 2O ,若NaOH 量不足,则两反应存在先后次序问题,故实验

中若产生沉淀,说明反应后溶液中含有CO 2-

3,证明先发生HCO -

3+OH -

===CO 2-

3+H 2O ,

否则先发生NH +4+OH -

===NH 3·H 2O 。 【答案】 HCO -

3+OH -

===CO 2-

3+H 2O

NH +4+OH -

===NH 3·H 2O

考向3 与量有关的离子方程式书写

3.(1)NaHCO 3溶液与少量Ca(OH)2溶液反应的离子方程式_____________。 (2)FeBr 2与Cl 2按物质的量比1∶1反应的离子方程式__________________。

(3)向KOH溶液中通入过量CO2气体,发生反应的离子方程式_________。

【答案】(1)Ca2++2OH-+2HCO-3===CaCO3↓+CO2-3+2H2O

(2)2Fe2++2Br-+2Cl2===2Fe3++4Cl-+Br2

(3)OH-+CO2===HCO-3

考向4离子方程式评价的合理性分析

4.(2010·新课标全国卷)下表中评价合理的是()

【解析】A项不正确,NO-3应参与反应;C项不正确,NH+4与OH-也能反应;D项评价不正确,FeBr2溶液与等物质的量的Cl2反应,Br-只能部分参与反应,Fe2+与Br-的化学计量数之比为1∶1。

【答案】 B

角度一:一色——溶液颜色

若限定无色溶液,则Cu2+、Fe3+、Fe2+、MnO-4等有色离子不能存在。

角度二:二性——溶液的酸、碱性

(1)在强酸性溶液中,OH-及弱酸根阴离子(如CO2-3、SO2-3、S2-、CH3COO-等)均不能大量存在;

(2)在强碱性溶液中,H+及弱碱阳离子(如NH+4、Al3+、Fe3+等)均不能大量存在;

(3)酸式弱酸根离子(如HCO-3、HSO-3、HS-等)在强酸性或强碱性溶液中均不能大量存在。角度三:三特殊——三种特殊情况

(1)AlO-2与HCO-3不能大量共存:

AlO-2+HCO-3+H2O===Al(OH)3↓+CO2-3;

(2)“NO-3+H+”组合具有强氧化性,能与S2-、Fe2+、I-、SO2-3等因发生氧化还原反应而不能大量共存;

(3)NH+4与CH3COO-、CO2-3,Mg2+与HCO-3等组合中,虽然两种离子都能水解且水解相互促进,但总的水解程度仍很小,它们在溶液中能大量共存。

角度四:四反应——四种反应类型

(1)复分解反应

如Ba2+与SO2-4、NH+4与OH-、H+与CH3COO-等;

(2)氧化还原反应

如Fe3+与I-、ClO-与Fe2+、MnO-4(H+)与Br-或Fe2+等;

(3)相互促进的水解反应

如Al3+与HCO-3、Al3+与AlO-2、Fe3+与HCO-3、CO2-3、AlO-2等;

(4)络合反应

如Fe3+与SCN-等。

(2013·江苏高考)常温下,下列各组离子在指定溶液中一定能大量共存的是()

A.使甲基橙变红色的溶液:Mg2+、K+、SO2-4、NO-3

B.使酚酞变红色的溶液:Na+、Cu2+、HCO-3、NO-3

C.0.1 mol·L-1 AgNO3溶液:H+、K+、SO2-4、I-

D.0.1 mol·L-1 NaAlO2溶液:H+、Na+、Cl-、SO2-4

【解析】结合各选项对溶液的具体要求及离子反应的条件进行分析、判断。使甲基橙变红色的溶液呈强酸性,各离子能够大量共存,A对。使酚酞变红色的溶液呈强碱性,Cu2+、HCO-3均不能大量存在,B错。I-与Ag+生成AgI沉淀,含有Ag+的溶液中I-不能大量存在,C错。AlO-2与H+发生反应,含AlO-2的溶液中H+不能大量存在,D错。

【答案】 A

离子共存分析中两种条件的理解

考向1直接判断离子共存

5.(2013·重庆高考)在水溶液中能大量共存的一组离子是()

A.Na+、Ba2+、Cl-、NO-3

B.Pb2+、Hg2+、S2-、SO2-4

C.NH+4、H+、S2O2-3、PO3-4

D.Ca2+、Al3+、Br-、CO2-3

【解析】A.四种离子之间不发生任何反应。Pb2+与S2-、SO2-4都可发生沉淀反应,Hg2+与S2-可发生沉淀反应。C.H+与S2O2-3可发生氧化还原反应:S2O2-3+2H+===S↓+SO2↑+H2O,H+与PO3-4不共存。D.Al3+和CO2-3之间能发生水解相互促进的反应:2Al3++3CO2-3+3H2O===2Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑;Ca2+、CO2-3可发生沉淀反应。

【答案】 A

考向2根据限制条件判断离子共存

6.常温下,下列各组离子在指定溶液中能大量共存的是()

A.pH=1的溶液中:Fe2+、NO-3、SO2-4、Na+

B.由水电离的c(H+)=1×10-14mol·L-1的溶液中:Ca2+、K+、Cl-、HCO-3

C.c(H+)/c(OH-)=1012的溶液中:NH+4、Al3+、NO-3、Cl-

D.c(Fe3+)=0.1 mol·L-1的溶液中:K+、ClO-、SO2-4、SCN-

【解析】A项,酸性条件下,NO-3氧化Fe2+;B项,该溶液为酸或碱溶液,HCO-3不能大量存在;D项,Fe3+与SCN-络合反应。

【答案】 C

考向3通入(加入)某物质后仍能大量共存

7.(2012·安徽高考)下列离子或分子在溶液中能大量共存,通入CO2后仍能大量共存的一组是()

A.K+、Ca2+、Cl-、NO-3

B.K+、Na+、Br-、SiO2-3

C.H+、Fe2+、SO2-4、Cl2

D.K+、Ag+、NH3·H2O、NO-3

【解析】本题的易错点是CaCl2、Ca(NO3)2溶液与CO2不反应,不能形成CaCO3沉淀,掌握了这一点,本题就能顺利解答。A项通入CO2后溶液呈酸性,不会生成沉淀,仍能大量共存;B项通入CO2后会生成H2SiO3沉淀;C项Cl2在酸性环境下会氧化Fe2+而不能大量共存;D项Ag+会与NH3·H2O反应生成AgOH或者Ag(NH3)2OH而不能大量共存。【答案】 A

离子的检验

高考母题

1.(2013·山东高考节选)取少量酸洗后的H2TiO3,加入盐酸并振荡,滴加KSCN溶液后无明显现象,再加H2O2后出现微红色,说明H2TiO3中存在的杂质离子是________。

2.判断正误

(1)(2012·新课标全国卷)某溶液加入CCl4,CCl4层显紫色,证明原溶液中存在I-()

(2)(2012·新课标全国卷)某溶液加入BaCl2溶液,产生不溶于稀硝酸的白色沉淀,该溶液一定含有Ag+()

【答案】 1.Fe2+ 2.(1)×(2)×

教材溯源

(人教必修1P61,实验3-10)

向FeCl2溶液中滴入KSCN溶液(左),向FeCl3溶液中滴入KSCN溶液(右)。观察现象并记

录。

命题展望

离子检验是每年高考命题的重要出题点,教材中介绍了Cl-、SO2-4、Na+、Fe3+、NH+4等离子的检验方法。命题将侧重于离子检验时排除其他离子干扰及简答题的规范性。高考还可能从以下方面命题:

1.检验SO2-4时,为什么使用盐酸而不使用硝酸?加入试剂时为什么不能先加入BaCl2溶液后加入盐酸?

【提示】用硝酸时SO2-3可能干扰;先加BaCl2后加盐酸,Ag+干扰。

2.往Na2CO3溶液中滴加盐酸,能否检验Na2CO3溶液中是否含有HCO-3?

【提示】不能。

3.怎样通过实验证明某无色溶液中含有NH+4?

【提示】取待测液于试管中,加入浓NaOH溶液加热,用湿润的红色石蕊试纸放于试管口检验NH3的生成。

4.怎样检验Fe3+溶液中是否存在Fe2+?能否用氯水和KSCN溶液检验?

【提示】可以用酸性KMnO4溶液检验,不可以用氯水和KSCN溶液检验。

新概念英语第一册说课讲解

新概念英语第一册(1-144课)期末测试试卷 (1) 数词冠词介词动词时态变化比较级和最高级 一写出复数 1. radio 2. knife 3. glass 4. shelf 5. boss 6. dress 7. housewife 8.postman 9. leaf 10. church 11. mouth 12. family 13. tie 14. tomato 15. piano 16. baby 17. tooth 18. country 19. key 20 potato 某车间生产零件2000个,前3天生产240个零件。照这样这计算,一共需要多少天才能完成 21. match 22. box 23. hour 24. hero 二用冠词a an the 或some any 填空如果不需要则用/ 代替. 1. Alice is ____ air-hostess. Her father is ____ engineer and her mother is _____ housewife. They all play ______ tennis very well. 2. He has ____ uncle and his uncle lives in ____ United Kindom. He first saw him in ____ autumn of 1978. 7. We need _____ ink is there _____ left? 3. It is better to tell ______ truth than to tell _______ lies. 4. Will you have ______ more tea? There’s plenty in the pot. 5. There is ___university near my home. Every Saturday evening___ students hold ____ party. ___ are dancing ____ are singing. They make a lot of noise. 6. Get me ________ cigarettes please. ______ kind will do. 三用适当介词填空. 1. Can you see the words written ________ the blackboard? (in on by with)

新概念3-5英语第三册第五课

New concept English Lesson 4 The facts 确切数字 What was the consequence of the editor's insistence on facts and statistics? 编辑坚决要求的确切数据和统计数据的结果是什么? consequence,结果 insistence,坚决要求 statistics,统计数据 Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics. 报纸和杂志的编辑常常在为他们的读者提供不重要的确切数据和统计数据方面走极端 go to extremes,走极端 Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic. 去年,一个新闻记者接到一个知名杂志的指令,写一篇关于一个新的非洲共和国的总统府的文章journalist,新闻记者 instruct,指示;命令;吩咐;教授,传授(技能等);告知;通知 When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refuse to publish it. 当文章送达,编辑读了第一个句子就拒绝刊登 publish,出版;发行;(在报刊)发表,刊登,登载;(在互联网上)发表,公布 The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace'. 文章开头:“数百级楼梯通向围绕总统府的高墙”。 lead to,通向 The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall. 编辑立刻给记者发传真,指示他查明楼梯的确切数以及墙的高度 find out,(尤指通过刻意努力)发现,找出,查明;查出……行为不轨 The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, 记者马上着手获得这些重要数据 set out,着手开始(做……工作) but he took a long time to send them. 但是他花了很长时间才发出这些数据 Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press. 同时,编辑变得不耐烦了,因为杂志马上要交付印刷了 impatient,不耐烦的

新概念英语第一册课文知识讲解

新概念英语第一册课 文

$课文1 对不起! 1. Excuse me! 对不起 2. Yes? 什么事? 3. Is this your handbag? 这是您的手提包吗? 4. Pardon? 对不起,请再说一遍。 5. Is this your handbag? 这是您的手提包吗? 6. Yes, it is. 是的,是我的。 7. Thank you very much. 非常感谢! $课文3 对不起,先生。 8. My coat and my umbrella please. 请把我的大衣和伞拿给我。 9. Here is my ticket. 这是我(寄存东西)的牌子。 10. Thank you, sir. 谢谢,先生。 11. Number five. 是5号。 12. Here's your umbrella and your coat. 这是您的伞和大衣 13. This is not my umbrella. 这不是我的伞。 14. Sorry sir. 对不起,先生。 15. Is this your umbrella?

这把伞是您的吗? 16. No, it isn't. 不,不是! 17. Is this it? 这把是吗? 18. Yes, it is. 是,是这把 19. Thank you very much. 非常感谢。 $课文5 很高兴见到你。 20. Good morning. 早上好。 21. Good morning, Mr. Blake. 早上好,布莱克先生。 22. This is Miss Sophie Dupont. 这位是索菲娅.杜邦小姐。23. Sophie is a new student. 索菲娅是个新学生。 24. She is French. 她是法国人。 25. Sophie, this is Hans. 索菲娅,这位是汉斯。 26. He is German. 他是德国人。 27. Nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 28. And this is Naoko. 这位是直子。 29. She's Japanese. 她是日本人。 30. Nice to meet you.

新概念英语第一册105课讲义

新六年级英语(新概念)2014年春季班讲义十三 姓名班级成绩 课堂表现 Ⅰ.根据105课课文内容回答下列问题 1.Bob’s the office assistant, isn’t he? 2.Who wants to speak to Sandra? 3.What must Bob do? 4.Does the boss want Sandra to come at once? 5.What does the boss ask Sandra? 6.How do you spell ‘intelligent’? 7.How did Sandra type it? 8.What does the boss want Sandra to do? 9.What does he give Sandra? Ⅱ.选择最为恰当的词填空。 1. ‘Your story is ___________ of mistakes.’the teacher said. (full/plenty) 2. ---I think that girl’s clever. --- I don’t. I thinkshe’s ___________. (intelligent/stupid) 3. Is this right, sir? --- No, I’m sorry it’s ___________. (mistake/wrong) 4. I can’t spell the word. I’ll look it up in a ___________. (dictionary/paper) 5. ‘I’m ___________ about that.’ She said. ‘I won’t do it again’ (afraid/sorry) 6. My mother wants to ___________ to me.(say/speak) Ⅲ. 用want/don’t want sb. to do改写句子。 例:You must keep this photo. I want you to keep this photo. You mustn’t lose it. I don’t wat you to lose it. 1.They must watch this film. _______________________________________________________________________________ 2.They mustn’t miss it. _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.She must type this letter again. _______________________________________________________________________________ 4.She mustn’t send it. _______________________________________________________________________________ 5.He must answer all the questions. _______________________________________________________________________________

新概念英语第一册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson99

新概念英语第一册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson99【课文】 ANDY: Ow! LUCY: What's the matter, Andy? ANDY: I slipped and fell downstairs. LUCY: Have you hurt yourself? ANDY: Yes, I have. I think that I've hurt my back. LUCY: Try and stand up. Can you stand up? Here. Let me help you. ANDY: I'm sorry, Lucy. I'm afraid that I can't get up. LUCY: I think that the doctor had better see you. I'll phone Dr. Carter. LUCY: The doctor says that he will come at once. I'm sure that you need an X-ray, Andy. 【课文翻译】 安迪:啊哟! 露西:怎么了,安迪? 安迪:我滑了一跤,从楼梯上摔下来了。 露西:你摔伤了没有? 安迪:是啊,摔伤了。我想我把背摔坏了。 露西:试试站起来。你能站起来吗?来,让我帮你。

安迪:对不起,露西,恐怕我站不起来。 露西:我想请医生来给你看一下。我去给卡特医生打电话。 露西:医生说他马上就来。安迪,我看你需要做一次X光透视。 【生词】 ow int. 哎哟 slip v. 滑倒,滑了一脚 fall (fell, fallen) v. 落下,跌倒 downstairs adv. 下楼 hurt (hurt, hurt) v. 伤,伤害,疼痛 back n. 背 stand up 起立,站起来 help v. 协助 at once 立即 sure adj. 一定的,确信的 X-ray n. X光透视 【知识点讲解】 1. 今天我们要接触到宾语从句的基本形式,请大家看课文中出现的这些句子: I think that I've hurt my back. (我想+我伤了我的背。I think + that + ...) I'm afraid that I can't get up.

新概念英语第三册第五课讲义

Hello everybody, today we will come to lesson 5, The Facts, a humorous story about an editor and a journalist. 大家好,今天我们要讲的是第五课,《确切数字》,一个关于一位编辑和记者的幽默故事。 §Lesson 5 The facts 确切数字 let’s first go through new words and expressions.先看看单词和语法。请大家跟我念: 【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ◆editor n. 编辑 ◆extreme n. 极端 ◆statistics n. 统计数字 ◆journalist n. 新闻记者 ◆president n. 总统 ( ◆palace n.王宫;宏伟的住宅 ◆publish v. 出版 ◆fax n. 传真 ◆impatient adj. 不耐烦的 ◆fire v. 解雇 ◆originally adv. 起初,原先,从前 这里我们要重点讲几个单词和词组。 ★editor n. 编辑 edit vt. 编辑 ( edition n.编辑,版本 editorial adj. 编辑的,主编的;n. 社论,评论invent vt. 发明 inventor n. 发明家 visit vt. 拜访 visitor n. 拜访者 ★extreme n. 极端adj. 极端的extremely adv.极端地 go to extreme(s) to do 走极端 Eg: He went to extreme to say that the play was the best one.他很极端地说这部剧是最好的。 & go too far做得过火,走极端,走太远 Don’t go too far or you will get lost. 别走太远,你会迷路的。 You went too far! 你做得太过分了。 go so far as to 竟然到……的地步,甚至 She wouldn’t go so far as to refuse to attend school. ★journalist n. 新闻记者 journalist 新闻工作者,以新闻工作为职业的人 A journalist collects and distributes news and other information. 他们的主要职责是收集并发布新闻及其它信息。 { 根据不同情境,新闻工作者可以包含各种类型的工作人员,如编辑、作家、专栏作家等。 reporter 新闻故事的作者、调查者或主持人,泛称记者 A reporter is a type of journalist who researches, writes, and reports on information to be presented in mass media, including print media (newspapers and magazines), electronic media (television, radio, documentary film), and digital media (such as online journalism).通讯员是记者的一类,负责印刷、电子及数字媒体等大众媒体信息的调查、编写并报道。correspondent 记者,通讯员,被报社或广播媒介雇佣用来提供新闻故事或文章的人,一般是驻外的。全球最大的通讯员网络是德国的ard和英国的bbc。 而且correspondent相对于reporter的写实来说更具有主观性,比如在英国,correspondent一般指在某方面有专业经验的,如最常见的war correspondent,战事通讯员,reporter则没有专向性的,一般是给什么题材报什么题材。 ★publish v. 出版 Eg: They have already published the magazine. = print vt. ! Eg: the book has already been published. The book has gone to press. ★fax n. 传真 send a fax ★impatient adj. 不耐烦的 patient adj. 有耐心的n. 病人 be patient with The doctor is very patient with his patients.这位医生对他的病人十分耐心。 & patiently adv. 有耐心地 impatient adj. 不耐烦的 impatiently adv. 不耐烦地 patience n. impatience n. ★fire v. 解雇 He was fired from his job. 他被解雇了。 dismiss (正式) The manager disissed him from his company.他经理把他辞退了。 } sack(俚语) vt. 解雇,辞退 Eg: If you do it wrong again you will be sacked. 如果你再做错你就走人。 ★originally adv. 起初,原先,从前 original adj. ok, now we finished the words and expressions, then we can come to the passage. However, I wouldn’t suggest u guys to read the passage first, instead, I suggest you read the questions first. 单词讲完了,现在我们来听听文章。虽然大学平时在学习过程中多数的习惯是先看或听文章再做题,但在实际的考试过程中,为了节省答题时间以及加快阅读或听力时对文章的理解,我建议先看题再看文章。现在让我们先看看

新概念英语第二册笔记-第67课教学文稿

Lesson 67 Volcanoes 火山 【Text】 Haroun T azieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to Lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but T azieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and be was able to return two days later. This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. 【课文翻译】 波兰科学家哈罗恩·塔捷耶夫花了毕生的精力来研究世界各地的活火山和深洞。1948年他去了刚果的基伍湖,对一座后来被他命名为基图罗的新火山进行观察。当火山正在猛烈地喷发时,塔捷耶夫有办法把帐篷搭在离它非常近的地方。尽管他设法拍了一些十分精彩的照片,但他却不能在火山附近停留太长的时间。他发现有一股岩浆正向他流过来,眼看就要将他团团围住,但塔捷耶夫还是设法及时逃离了。他等到火山平静下来,两天以后又返回去。这次他设法爬进了基图罗火山口,以便能拍摄照片和测试温度。塔捷耶夫经常冒这样的生命危险。他能告诉我们的有关活火山的情况比任何在世的人都要多。 New words and expressions 生词和短语 【生词讲解】violently adv. 猛烈地,剧烈地manage v. 设法 brilliant adj. 精彩的 liquid [5likwid] adj. 液态的;n. 液体escape v. 逃脱 alive adj. 活着的

新概念英语第一册听力Lesson 99 Ow!

新概念英语第一册听力Lesson 99 Ow! Listen to the tape then answer this question.Must Andy go to see the doctor? 听录音,然后回答问题。安迪需要去看医生吗? Ted : Ow! 安迪:啊哟! Pat:What’s the matter, Ted? 露西:怎么了,安迪? Ted: I slipped and fell downstairs. 安迪:我滑了一跤,从楼梯上摔下来了。 Pat: Have you hurt yourself? 露西:你摔伤了没有? Ted:Yes, I have. I think that I’ve hurt my back. 安迪:是啊,摔伤了。我想我把背摔坏了。 Pat: Try and stand up. Can you stand up?Here. Let me help you. 露西:试试站起来。你能站起来吗?来,让我帮你。 Ted:I’m sorry, Pat. I’m afraid that I can’t get up. 安迪:对不起,露西,恐怕我站不起来。 Pat:I think that the doctor had better see you. I’ll telephone Dr Carter.

露西:我想请医生来给你看一下。我去给卡特医生打电话。 Pat:The doctor says that he will come at once. I’m sure that you need an X-ray, Ted. 露西:医生说他马上就来。安迪,我看你需要做一次X光透视。 New words and Expressions生词和短语 ow int. 哎哟 slip v. 滑倒,滑了一脚 fall (fell, fallen) v. 落下,跌倒 downstairs adv. 下楼 hurt (hurt, hurt) v. 伤,伤害,疼痛 back n. 背 stand up 起立,站起来 help v. 协助

新概念英语第三册lesson 5 The facts课文翻译

新概念英语第三册lesson 5 The facts课文翻译 What was the consequence of the editor's insistence on facts and statistics? Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics. Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic. When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it. The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace.' The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall. The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them. Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press. He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply. He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired. When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written. A week later, the editor at last received a fax from the journalist. Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1084 steps leading to the 15-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace.

新概念英语67课讲义资料讲解

新概念英语67课讲 义

Lesson 67 the weekend 周末 一、单词与短语 greengrocer: n.蔬菜水果零售商; absent:adj.缺席的,重要短语:be absent from:缺席、、、、 He was absent from school last week. 上周他没上学。 keep: v.(身体健康)处于(状况),保持、、、keep doing sth:一直做、、、或者是不停地做、、、、; keep knocking the door:一直敲门; spend:v.度过;spend a weekend:度周末; weekend:v.周末;country:n.国家;乡村; lucky: adj.幸运的;luck:n.幸运,机遇。 Monday:n,星期一;Tuesday:n.星期二; Wednesday:n.星期三;Thursday:n.星期四; Friday: n.星期五;Saturday: n.星期六;Sunday: n.星期日;在星期几前边一般加介词on,如:on Monday:在周一; On Sunday:在周日; 二、短语、句型与语法 1、Were you at the butcher′s?刚才您在肉店里吗? Yes, I was. 是的,我在。

在本句中,需要注意的一个知识点:在英文表示某一种商店的短语中,shop这个词往往可以省略,如文中的the butcher′s 其实就是the butcher′s shop的省略,另外像文中的the greengrocer′s 其实就是 the greengrocer′s shop 的省略,另外的例子还有the hairdresse r′s (shop )等等,shop 的省略不影响句义,就是一种表达的习惯。 2、how is jimmy today?吉米今天怎么样? 在本句中我们继续复习关于询问人或事物状况的几个重要的句型: How is/are+主语、、、怎么样?例: How are you today?你今天可好? How is Tom today?汤姆今天可好? 另外What is the matter with、、、?经常用来询问人和事物的状况,常作“是否有问题”“是否有麻烦讲”例如: What is the matter with Tom? 汤姆怎么了啊? What is the matter with this bike? 这辆自行车怎么了啊? What is the matter with the book? 这本书怎么了? 3、Was he absent from school last week? 上周他没上学吧?

新概念一Lesson121-122

Lesson 121-122 The man in a hat 戴帽子的男士 [词汇](6) customer n. 顾客forget v. 忘记manager n. 经理 serve v. 照应,服务,接待counter n. 柜台 recognize v. 认出road n. 路 ★forget v. 忘记 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 I have forgotten to bring my book. forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 I will never forget finding that rare coin in my garden. ★serve v. 照应,服务,接待 ①v. 服务;接待;侍候 Are you being served, sir? 先生,有人为您服务吗? ②v. 供应;摆出(食物或饮料等) What time is breakfast served in this hotel? 这个饭店里什么时候供应早餐? ③v. 为……服务/服役;任职 The old cook has served the family for 30 years. 这位老厨师已为这家干了30年了。 He began to serve in the Navy in 1960. 他从1960年起开始在海军服役。 拓展:service n. 服务 ★recognize v. 认出 ①v. 认出;认识 Can you recognize this tune? 你能听出这支曲调吗? ②v. 承认;确认 I recognize that he is more capable than I am. 我承认他比我更有能力。 They recognized Richard as his lawful heir. 他们确认理查德为他的合法继承人。 Are british medical qualifications recognized in other European courntries? 英国的医生执照在欧洲其他国家能否得到承认? 拓展:recognition n. 认识;识别;认得;认可 ★road n. 路 This road leads to the city. 这条路通往城市。 固定短语:the road to 通往…的路 the road to success 通往成功之路 Key structures CUSTOMER: I bought two expensive dictionaries here half an hour ago, but I forgot to take them with me. MANAGER: Who served you, sir? CUSTOMER: The lady who is standing behind the counter. MANAGER: Which books did you buy? CUSTOMER: The books which are on the counter. MANAGER: Did you serve this gentleman half an hour ago, Caroline? He says he's the man who bought these books. CUSTOMER: I can't remember. The man who I served was wearing a hat. MANAGER: Have you got a hat, sir?

新概念英语第一册课后题及答案:Lesson99-100

新概念英语第一册课后题及答案:Lesson99-100 Written exercises书面练习 A Rewrite these sentences. 模仿例句把下列句子改写成间接引语。 Example: He is drinking his milk. He says that he is drinking his milk. 1 She has found her pen. 2 They must remain here. 3 He remembers you. 4 She doesn't speak English. 5 They're washing the dishes. B Answer these questions. 模仿例句用间接引语回答以下问题。 Examples: What's the matter with him? (feel/tired) He says that he feels tired. What do they want? (some/money) They lay that they want lame money. 1 What's the matter with him? (feel/ill) 2 What's the matter with her? (have got/a headache)

3 What does he want? (a haircut) 4 What's the matter with them? (are/thirsty) 5 What's the matter with them? (have/a toothache) 6 What does she need? (a licence) 7 What does he want? (an X-ray) 8 What's the matter with her? (is/cold) 9 What's the matter with him? (have got/a cold) 10 What's the matter with him? (have/an earache)答案: Lesson 100 A 1 She says that she has found her pen. 2 They say that they must remain here. 3 He says that he remembers you. 4 She says that she doesn't speak English. 5 They say that they are washing the dishes. B 1 He says that he feels ill. 2 She says that she has got a headache. 3 He says that he wants a haircut. 4 They say that they are thirsty.

新概念英语第三册课后练习答案第5课

新概念英语第三册课后练习答案第5课 Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1… C excuse n.理由, 借口 beyond prep.除…以外 satisfy vt.满足, 使满意 dissatisfy vt.使感觉不满, 不满足 factual adj.事实的, 实际的 content n.内容 2… B 3... A activity n.行动, 行为 / suspicious adj.可疑的, 怀疑的 4… B 课文中的and then强调动作的先后。 -- Having seen the movie, they went for a walk. 6... D a reply表示“任意”的一个答复 7... B? unless = if?not 一般过去时

8… C inform sb of/about sth 9… C pu blic n.公众, (特定的)人群 audience n.听众, 观众 lecture n.演讲 10… B print = publish press n.压, 按 go to press 交付印刷 pressing adj.紧迫的;迫切的 impress vt.盖印, 留下印象 11... D innocent adj.清白的, 无罪的, 天真的, 无知的unfortunate adj.不幸的 12...D 请求允许做某事:ask?for?permission?to?do?sth 允许某人做某事:be?given?permission?to?do?sth admit + 名词/动名词/that从句

新概念英语第一册知识点归纳与讲解短语词组归纳

新概念英语第一册知识点归纳与讲解短语、词组归纳 由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理: 一、动词+介词 1.look at…看…,look like …看上去像……, look after …照料… 2.listen to…听…… 3.welcome to…欢迎到…… 4.say hello to …向……问好5.speak to…对……说话 此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。如: This is my new bike. Please look it after.(×) This is my new bike. Please look after it.(√) 二、动词+副词 “动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类:A.动词(vt.)+副词 1.put on 穿上 2.take off脱下3.write down记下 此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面。试比较: First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. (√) First listen to the answer, then write down it.(×) First listen to the answer, then write it down.(√) B.动词(vi)+副词。 1.come on赶快 2.get up起床 3.go home回家 4.come in进来 5.sit down坐下 6.stand up起立 此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带

新概念第一册99课讲义知识分享

精品文档 新概念1 Lesson 99 一、重点词汇: fall; downstairs; hurt; back; stand up; help; at once; sure 二、重点句型: 1.Have you hurt yourself? 2.I think that I’ve hurt my back. 3.I’m afraid that I can’t get up. 4.I think that the doctor had better see you. 5.The doctor says that he will come at once. 6.I’m sure that you need an X-ray, Andy. 三、知识点: 1.What’s the matter? = What’s wrong?=What’s the trouble? 2.downstairs upstairs 3.hurt 4.let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 5.had better do sth. 最好做某事(建议) 6.had better not do sth. 最好别做某事(建议) 7.phone sb.=call sb.=ring sb.up=telephone sb. 给某人打电话 8.at once= right away=in a minute 立刻 9.sure 确信,有把握的 10.need 需要 四、语法 1.间接引语 引述某人的话一般采用两种形式:一种是直接引语,即原封不动地引用原话,把它放在引号内;另一种是间接引语,即用自己的话加以转述,被转述的内容不放在引号内。 陈述句的间接引语 直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句,引述动词通常是say, tell等。与此同时,间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。Lucy: I think that the doctor had better see you. → Lucy says that she thinks that the doctor had better see you. The doctor: I will come at once. → The doctor says that he will come at once. 2.宾语从句 由一个句子充当宾语的从句称之为宾语从句。 I think that the doctor had better see you. I’m afraid that I can’t get up. The doctor says that he will come at once. I’m sure that you need an X-ray, Andy. 精品文档

相关文档
最新文档