1 存在制度化的种族主义

1 存在制度化的种族主义美国种族歧视问题的存在是其制度化种族主义发展至今的必然产物。

从杜鲁门总统开始，美国政府便致力于黑人权利立法。

到约翰逊总统执政时期，最终从法律上取消了种族主义。

因而在今天的美国，虽然合法的种族歧视与隔离被取消了，但制度化的种族主义却丝毫未减。

绝大多数黑人因肤色被剥夺了享有与白人同等待遇的权利。

时至今日，“黑人应在社会底层”一类思想并非没有市场。

决策者们把解决问题的着眼点定位于改变广大黑人的文化、行为、道德，而不是消除其穷困窘境本身。

这就是说，美国政府在制定该项政策之前，就已对黑人的文化、行为、道德作了彻底否定，这便决定了美国政府的黑人政策无法摆脱种族主义的影响。

2 相关政策埋下歧视基础随着美国经济的衰退，有色人种、特别是广大黑人的生存条件面临日益严重的威胁，种族冲突愈发激烈，种族主义更加猖獗。

民主党和共和党在竞选中令人吃惊地联合起来，他们从各自利益出发，均把矛头指向有色人种，特别是黑人，并由此出笼了一系列相关政策。

首先，否认黑人享有获得政府福利救助的权利，拒绝给予黑人基本的生存保障。

1996年通过的《福利法案》强行规定了需要政府救济的黑人可得到资助的年限（一生中只有5年），解除了政府部门对其所应承担的救助义务。

其次，减免“精英集团”（以富有的白人为主体）的纳税额，实施有种族主义倾向的经济举措。

在广大黑人最基本的福利待遇被大刀阔斧地砍除时，许多白人却得到了政府的额外津贴。

3 黑人表现提供歧视口实种族主义的存在也有黑人自身的原因，许多黑人自身的表现为政府对其实行种族歧视性政策提供了口实。

长期以来，许多黑人因得不到平等的受教育机会，没有工作，其中一些人（特别是部分年轻人）经常会做一些“残忍的毒品交易”，以自己的方式模仿资本主义的创业精神。

在黑人聚居区，掠夺性的犯罪每时每刻都可能发生。

另外，还有一些黑人，特别是一些黑人妇女，他们习惯依赖政府的救济生活，不思进取。

种族主义分子以此为由，把广大黑人诬蔑为“寄生于毒品中的无业游民”，“缺乏道德、礼貌、良心的嗜血好战者”。

由此，政府的决策者们为其制定“强硬政策”找到了“凭据”。

4 黑人斗争的历史还很短美国建国200年后，才出现了马丁·路德·金为黑人争取权利的运动。

在这个运动中，有一位黑人领袖说：自由只能用子弹才能得到。

可见直到美国建国200年后，种族仇恨依然十分强烈。

然而，子弹最终打进了马丁·路德·金。

因而，美国黑人要想获得真正的平等，还必须不断地进行顽强的抗争。

在马丁·路德·金的故乡亚特兰大，当地黑白两个流行音乐电台的主持人想借今年2月马丁·路德·金诞辰之机，搞一个黑白民众的联合音乐派对。

这个提议一出，在听众中反响热烈，电台热线快被打爆。

但到了举行派对的当晚，到场的民众中80%以上是黑人。

这表明，尽管美国取消种族隔离制度已经几十年，但多数白人和黑人还是选择过相互隔离的生活。

The existence of an institutionalized racismThe existence of racial discrimination in the United States is the institutionalized racism has been the development of a natural product. From the beginning of P resident Truman, the U.S. government will be committed to the rights of the legi s lative black. That P resident Johnson was in power, finally abolished the legal racism. And therefore in the United States today, although the legal segregation and racial discrimination have been eliminated, but the catch by institutionalized racism.As a result of the overwhelming majority of blacks deprived of the color enjoy the same treatment as whites. Today, "should be in the black at the bottom of society" i s not thinking of a class of the market. Decision-makers to focus on problem-sol v ing orientation to the broad masses of black people to change the culture, behavior, moral, rather than the elimination of poverty of its o wn predi c ament.This means that the U.S. government in the formulation of the policy, had on black culture, behavior, ethics, made completely negative, w hi c h will determine the U.S. government's policy of black people not out of racism.2-discrimination policies laid the foundationWith the U.S. economic recession, people of color, especially black people's living conditions facing the gro w ing threat of ethnic conflicts become more intense, more rampant racism. Democratic and Republican election campaign in surpri s ing places together, from their respective interests, are to blame people of color, particularly black s, and thus out a series of related policies.First of all, to deny blacks access to government wel f are assistance to enjoy the right to deny black people the basic guarantee of survival. In 1996 through the "Welfare Act" to require the Government for providing relief to be financed by the black life (life only 5), the li f ting of the government should commit itself to its obligation to help.Secondly, the reduction of "elite group" (to the rich white as the main body) of the amount of tax, the implementation of the racist tendencies of economic initiatives. In the overwhelming majority of black people the most basic benefits to be cut down drastically, many whites have been additional government subsidy.3, the performance of black discrimination in the provision of an excuseThe existence of raci s m black people have their own reasons, many black people themselves for the performance of the Government to implement its policies of racial discrimination in the provision of a pretext.For a long time, many black people as a result of lack of equal access to education, no jobs, some of them (especially the part of young people) often do some "brutal drug trade" in its own way to imitate the entrepreneurial spirit of capitalism. In the black ghettos, predatory crimes occur at all times.In addition, there are black people, in particular, a number of black women, who used to rel y on government relief of life, nothing.E lements of racism as an excuse to vilify the majority of black people as "parasites on the drug in the vagrant," and "lack of ethics, courtesy, the conscience of the bloodthirsty warmongers." As a result, the Government's decision-makers to develop its "hard-line policy" found "evidence."4 black struggle is still very short historyOf the United States 200 years after Martin Luther King, Jr. emerged as the fight for black rights movement. In this campaign, a black leader, said: freedom can only be a bullet. Can be seen up to 200 years after the founding of the United States, racial hatred is still very strong. How ever, the final bullet into the Martin Luther King. As a result, Afri c an-American to be truly equal, it must be constantly carried out tenacity of the resi s tance.In the hometow n of Martin Luther King in Atlanta, t w o local black and white pop musi c radio host in February this year, like Martin Luther King's birthday, black and w hite people engaged in a joint party musi c. A proposal in the audience responded enthusiastically, radio hotline w as quick Dabao. How ever, the party held in the evening, the scene of more than 80% of the population is black. This shows that despite the abolition of the apartheid system of the United States has for decades, but the majority of w hite and black or choose isolation over each other's lives.。