小学生英语文化背景知识
英语背景知识点
英语背景知识点写一篇文章一、英语背景知识的重要性英语是当今世界上最为广泛使用的语言之一，掌握英语背景知识对于学习和使用英语都具有重要的意义。
了解英语背景知识可以帮助我们更好地理解英语的起源、发展和使用方式，同时也可以提升我们的语言运用能力。
二、英语背景知识的分类 1. 英语的起源：英语起源于古代的日耳曼民族，经过数百年的演变和发展，形成了现代英语。
了解英语的起源可以帮助我们理解英语的语法结构和词汇来源。
2.英语的发展历史：英语在不同的历史时期经历了不同的变革和影响。
例如，中世纪英语受到了法语和拉丁语的影响，现代英语则受到了希腊语和拉丁语的影响。
了解英语的发展历史可以帮助我们更好地理解英语的变化和演变过程。
3.英语的地理分布：英语是世界上最为广泛使用的语言之一，被全球各大洲的国家和地区所使用。
了解英语的地理分布可以帮助我们了解英语使用的范围和不同国家和地区的英语特点。
4.英语的文化背景：英语不仅仅是一种语言，还代表着英国和英语国家的文化。
了解英语的文化背景可以帮助我们更好地理解英语国家的历史、文化传统和社会习俗，有助于我们在跨文化交流中更好地理解和尊重英语国家的文化。
三、学习英语背景知识的方法 1. 通过阅读了解：阅读与英语背景知识相关的书籍、文章和资料，可以帮助我们了解英语的起源、发展历史和文化背景。
可以选择英语相关的历史书籍、人物传记、文化杂志等进行阅读。
2.参与讨论和交流：参与英语学习群体或论坛，与他人讨论和交流英语背景知识，可以加深我们对于英语的认识和理解。
可以通过与其他学习者的交流，共同探讨英语的发展和使用方式。
3.利用多媒体资源：利用互联网和多媒体资源，观看英语相关的纪录片、讲座和视频，可以直观地了解英语背景知识。
可以选择一些专业的英语学习网站和视频平台，如TED、BBC Learning English等。
四、应用英语背景知识的价值 1. 提升英语学习效果：了解英语背景知识可以帮助我们更好地理解和掌握英语的语法、词汇和表达方式，从而提升英语学习的效果。
有趣的英语文化背景知识
有趣的英语文化背景知识
英语文化背景的趣闻趣事
1. 有趣的英国饮食传统：英国人喜欢在周日享用传统的烤肉晚餐，其中最重要的配料是煮熟的白色蔬菜，如马铃薯、花菜和胡萝卜。
这道菜被称为“烤肉与两种蔬菜”（Roast with Two Veg）。
2. 令人惊讶的英国英语方言：英国的地理位置使其拥有多种方言和口音。
例如，位于苏格兰的格拉斯哥方言中，人们常用“wee”来表示小的或年轻的事物，而在伦敦的方言中，人们常用“innit”来代替“isn't it”。
3. 独特的英国节庆活动：每年11月5日，英国人庆祝“火焰节”（Bonfire Night）来纪念1605年的“火药阴谋”。
这一天，人们聚集在户外举行篝火晚会，燃放烟花和焰火，同时还有特制的甜点“脆皮奶油饼干”（Bonfire Toffee）供应。
4. 传统的英国下午茶：英国文化中著名的下午茶时间是在下午4点，人们会喝茶、吃小点心和糕点。
这个传统始于19世纪，当时一位英国女士安妮·罗素公爵夫人常在下午饿得无法等到晚餐时，用茶和小吃填饱肚子。
5. 海边度假的英国人：在英国，海边度假是一项受到广泛欢迎的传统。
19世纪末和20世纪初，工人们常常选择到海边的度假胜地度过假期，享受阳光、沙滩
和海浪。
这个传统一直延续至今，许多英国人在夏季选择海滨度假。
这些是英语文化背景中一些有趣的方面，它们丰富了英国人民的日常生活和习俗，让英国成为一个富有独特文化魅力的国家。
新概念英语文化背景知识(英文版)
《新概念英语》第二册文化背景知识Cultural in Britain and the USEducation in Britain and the USIn Britain all children have to go to school between the ages of 5 and 16. In the US children must go to school from the age of 6 to between the ages of 14 and 16, depending on the state they live in.SubjectIn England and Wales the subjects taught in schools are laid down by the National Curriculum(课程), which was introduced in 1988 and sets out(制定) in detail the subjects that children should study and the levels of achievement they should reach by the ages of 7, 11, 14 and 16, when they are tested. The National Curriculum does not apply in Scotland, where each school decides what subjects it will teach.In the US the subjects taught are decided by national and local governments. Whereas British schools usually have prayers(祈祷) and religious(宗教的) instruction, American schools are not allowed to include prayers or to teach particular religious beliefs(信仰).ExaminationsAt 16 students in England and Wales take GCSE examinations. These examinations are taken by students of all levels of ability in any of a range of subjects and may involve a final examination, an assessment(评价) of work done during the two year course, or both of these things. At 18 some students have taken A-level examinations, usually in not more than 3 subjects. It is necessary to have A-levels in order to go to a university or polytechnic(综合技术大学).In Scotland students take the SCE examinations. A year later, they can take examinations called HIGHS, after which they can either go straight to a university or spend a further year at school and take the Certificate(证书) of Sixth Year Studies. In Scotland the university system is different to that in England and Wales. Courses usually last four years rather than three and students study a larger number of subjects as part of their degree.In the US school examinations are not as important as they are in Britain. Students in High Schools do have exams at the end of their last two years, but these final exams are considered along with the work that the students have done during the school years.Social Events and Ceremonies(仪式)In American high schools there is a formal ceremony for Graduation (=completion of high school). Students wear a special cap and gown and receive a diploma(文凭) from the head of the school. Students often buy a class ring to ear, and a yearbook, containing pictures of their friends and teachers. There are also special social events at American schools. Sports events are popular, and cheer leaders lead the school in supporting the school team and singing the school song. At the end of their junior year, at age 17 or 18, students held in the evening. The girls wear long evening dresses and the boys wear TUXEDOS.In Britain, there are no formal dances or social occasions(场合) associated(和...有关) with school life. Some schools have SPEECH DAY at the end of the school year when prizes are given to the best students and speeches are made by the head teacher and sometimes an invited guest. However, in many British schools students and teachers organize(组织) informal dances for the older students.Government in Britain and the USGovernment in BritainNational governmentThe center of government in Britain is PARLIAMENT(国会), which makes all the important laws for the country about crimes and punishment, taxation(犯罪), etc. Parliament is made up of the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the monarch(贵族). The Houses of Parliament are in Westminster in London and sometimes “Westminster” itself is used to mean Parliament.The House of Commons (or the Commons) is the lower but more powerful of the two Houses. It has 650 elected members, called Members of Parliament or MPs, each representing people in a particular area or constituency. The House of Lords (the Lords) is the higher but less powerful of the two Houses. It has over 1,000 members, none of whom is elected. These members include: people who have titles like Lord or Viscount(子爵) which have been passed down to them on the death of their father (hereditary peers(世袭贵族)); people who are given titles as a reward for their long service in public life, but whose children do not INHERIT(继承) their title (life peers); and some important leaders of the Church of England (Archbishops(大主教) and Bishops(主教)).The government brings BILL (=suggested laws) to the House of Commons, which are discussed by MPs. The bills then go to the House of Lords to be discussed. The House of Lords can suggest changes to a bill, but does not have the power to reject it (=refusepermission for it to be passed). When bills come back to the Commons, MPs vote on them and if they are passed they are signed by the monarch and become Acts of ParliamentAt present England, Scotland, Wales, and N Ireland are all governed by Parliament in Westminster. In N Ireland the political parties are different but their MPs still go to the House of Commons. In Scotland there is a lot of discussion about whether Scotland should have some separate or partly separate form of government. The same is true in WalesLocal governmentLocal government is Britain, also known as Councils, can make small laws (bylaws) which only apply in their area, but these are usually about small, local matters. For instance, they may be about fines that will be made for people who park in certain streets.Councils are paid for by local taxes and also by an amount of money given to them each year by the national government. Their main job is the organizing and providing of local services, e.g. hospitals, school, libraries, public transport, street-cleaning, etc. They are also responsible for setting the amount of local tax that people must pay and for collecting this tax.Local councils(议会) are elected by people within each town, city, or country area. The people who are elected, known as councilors, usually represent one of the national political parties, but are often elected because of their policies on local issues(问题) rather than the national policies of their party.Government in the USAll levels of government in the US (federal(联邦), state, and local) are elected by the people of the country.Federal governmentThe constitution of the US specifically limits the power of the federal (=national) government mainly to defence (国防), foreign affairs, printing money, controlling trade and relations between the states, and protecting human rights. The federal government is make up of the CONGRESS(国会), the President, and the Supreme Count(最高法院). CongressCongress, the central law-making body in the US, is made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representatives is the lower but more important of the two houses of Congress. It has 435 members, called Representatives or Congressmen/Congresswomen elected by their state. The member of Representative(代表) for each state depends on the size of the population of the state, with each state having at least one Representative. The Senate is the higher but less powerful of the two houses of Congress. It has 100 members, called Senators(参议院), elected by their state. Each statehas two Senators.Congress decides whether a BILL (suggested law) becomes law. If the Senate and the House of Representative both agree to a bill, the President is asked to agree.The President can veto(=say no to) the bill(议案), but Congress can still make it a law if 2/3 of the members of each house agree to it.State governmentState government has the greatest influence in people’s daily lives. Each state has its own written Constitution(宪法) (set of fixed law), and among the state there are sometimes great differences in law on matters such as property, crime, health, and education. The highest elected official of each state is the Governor. Each state also has one or two elected lawmaking bodies (state Legislature) whose members represent the various parts of the state.Local governmentLocal government concerns laws made at the town, city or county level. These laws are usually limited to a small area and concern such thing as traffic, where and when alcoholic drinks can be sold, or keeping animals. The highest elected official of a town or city Council.Every law at every level of government must be in agreement with(一致) the United States constitution. Any citizen who thinks he or she has not been given their rights under the law may argue their case through all the courts up to the Supreme Court (the final Court of Appeal in the US) if necessary, and any law which is found not in agreement with the constitution (unconstitutional) cannot be kept in forceNewspapers in Britain and the USNewspapers in BritainNational and local papersIn Britain there are 11 national daily newspapers and most people read one of them every day. There are two kinds of newspaper. One is large in size and has many detailed articles about national and international events. These newspapers are called the serious papers or the quality papers. The other kind, called the tabloids is smaller in size, have more pictures, often in colour, and shorter articles, often about less important events or about the private lives of well-know people. Although some people disapprove(反对) of the tabloids(小报),more people buy them than buy the serious newspaper. The Sun, for example, which is a tabloid, is the biggest-selling newspaper in Britain. People who disapprove of the tabloids very strongly sometimes call them the Gutter Press.There are daily or weekly newspapers in all parts of Britain which cover local news as well as some national and international stories. Local papers give information about films, concerts, and other things that are happening in the local neighborhood, including, for example, information about local people who have been married or died recently. National papers generally give information about film, concerts and other events happening in London, In Scotland, many people read the Glasgow Herald or the Scotsman and there are Scottish Editions of the tabloids.There also many free local newspapers which are delivered to people’s homes whether they ask for them or not. These contain a lot of advertisements(广告) and also some news. PoliticsMost national newspapers in Britain express a political opinion and people choose the newspaper that they read according to their own political beliefs. Most of the newspapers are right-wing. These are the Daily Telegraph (serious newspaper), the Daily express, Daily Mail, Daily Star, the Sun and Today (all tabloids). Of the other serious newspapers, The Times, the oldest newspaper in Britain, did not formerly have one strong political view but it is now more right-wing. The Guardian is slightly left-wing, the Independent is centre and the Financial(金融) with political issues, but reports on business and financial news. The Daily Mirror (tabloid) is left-wing.Daily and Sunday newspapersDaily newspapers are published on every day of the week except Sunday. Sunday newspapers are larger than daily newspapers, often having 2 or 3 sections. There is also other a magazine, called the colour supplement(增刊). All the Sunday newspapers are national Serious newspapers include the Observer(which is slightly left-wing), the Sunday Times, the Sunday Telegraph and the Independent on Sunday, the Sunday Mirror, the Sunday Express, the News of the World and the Sunday Sport which is considered to lack much serious information.Newspapers in the USNational and local newspapersThere are more than 1500 daily newspapers in the US. Each one is usually sold only in one part of the country, e.g. in a city, but they cover national and international news. In larger cities there is often more than one newspaper and the different ones express different political opinions. Some newspapers are sold in nearly all parts of the US. E.g. USA todayand the National edition of the New York Times. Two other newspapers, the Los Angeles Times and the Washington Post are known and respected all over the US but cannot be bought everywhere. Other important newspapers are: the Boston Globe, sold in New England, the Chicago Tribune, sold in the Midwest, the Christian Science Monitor and USA Today, both sold nationally, and the Washington Post on the East Coast.There are also weekly newspapers in all parts of the US which cover local news, such as what is happening in the local neighborhood(地方). Fewer people read these than read the daily newspapers.Daily and Sunday newspapersDaily newspapers are published on every day of the week except Sunday. Sunday newspapers are very big, often having several separate parts. They contain many longer articles and a lot of advertisements. Each section deals with a different subject. E.g. national and international news, sport, travel, etc. One section, the classifieds(分类广告) has advertisements for jobs and things for sale. Another section is called the funnies. There is often also a magazine which is in color.Alternative newspapersIn the 1960s a group of newspapers began to appear that were later called in “alternati ve press”. They expressed extreme(极端的) political opinions, especially left-wing opinion. Many of the newspapers which were part of this movement, such as the Village Voice in New York or the Reader in Chicago, are less extreme today and more widely read.Law in Britain and the USIn both Britain and the US, when a person is accused of a crime it must be shown that they are guilty "beyond reasonable doubt". A person is always innocent(无罪) in the eyes of the law until they have been proved to be guilty by a court they can sometimes ask for permission to APPEAL(上诉) to a higher court in the hope that it will change this decision.Criminal law in England and WalesWhen someone is arrested (ARREST) by the police, a MAGISTRATE (=an official who judges cases in some types of courts) decides whether there is enough EVIDENCE(证据) against the person for the case to go to court. If there is enough evidence and the case is a serious one, the person accused(控告) of the crime (called 'the accused(被告)') is sent to a CROWN COURT for a TRIAL with a JUDGE and JURY (=12 members of the public who have to decide if the accused is guilty(有罪的), then the judge decides the SENTENCE(判决) (2) (=punishment). If there is enough evidence against the accused but the crime is not a serious one (for example a traffic offence) then the case is heard in a MAGISTRATES COURT.If found guilty in the Crown Court the accused may apply to(请求) the COURT OF APPEAL (Criminal Division) where he or she will be heard by a judge. Sometimes a HIGH COURT judge from the Queen's Bench Division assists in dealing with criminal matters in the Court of Appeal or Crown Court.Criminal law in Northern IrelandIn Northern Ireland, as in England and Wales, someone accused of a crime may be tried in a Magistrates' Court or a Crown Court depending on how serious the crime is. Appeals from the Crown Court are heard in the Northern Ireland Court of Appeal.Criminal law in ScotlandScotland has a separate court system. After a person is arrested by the police, an official called the PROCURATOR FISCAL is in charge of deciding whether there is enough evidence against the accused for a trial. If there is enough evidence and the crime is a very serious one, the accused is sent to the HIGH COURT OF JUSTICIARY where there is a judge and jury(陪审团) (in Scotland there are 15 people on a jury). If there is enough evidence but the crime is a less serious one, the case is heard in a SHERIFF COURT (The sheriff is a trained lawyer who acts as a judge). Appeals from the Sheriff Court go to the High Court of Justiciary.Criminal law in the USThe US has tow separate court systems. In general terms STATE COURTS are used when someone has done something against the laws of CONSTITUTION of a particular State. FEDERAL COURTS deal with cases to do with the laws and Constitution of the United States as whole. Federal courts also hear cases where the US Government is one of the sides involved(介入). Cases for crimes which are not serious are likely to be heard in state courts. Serious crimes may be tried in wither state courts of federal courts depending on the situation, for example cases where a crime has taken place in another state are often heard in federal courts.After a person has been arrested a magistrate(地方官员), or in some cases a GRAND JURY made up of between 16 and 23 citizens, decides whether they should go to trial. If there is enough evidence for a trial the accused goes to court and has to state whether he/she is guilty or not guilty of the crime. If they say they are not guilty they are sent to trial with a judge and jury (of 16 or 20 citizens) in either a State or COUNTY COURT or, in federal cases, a DISTRICT COURT. If the accused is found guilty they may have the fight to appeal to a higher court, as shown below.The final court of appeal in the US federal system and for some cases in the state courts is the US SUPREME COURT. It is made up of a CHIEF JUSTICE and eight ASSOCIATES. The accused does not have the fight to be heard by the Supremes Court, but the SupremeCourt decides which cases it will hear.Holiday in Britain and the US Paid HolidayPeople in the US get 2 weeks a year paid vacation (holiday) form their job. Most British people have four or five weeks paid holiday a year. Americans often complain that two weeks is not enough holiday, especially when they hear about the longer holidays that Europeans get. In addition, there are 8 days in each country, which are public holidays (the British call Bank Holiday) and many of these fall on a Monday giving people a long weekend. In Britain, so many people drive to another part of the country, especially the coast, on Bank Holiday weekends that there are serious traffic jams, which may stretch(长达) for many miles.Popular Holiday PlacesWith the US, outdoor vacations are popular, for example at the Grand Canyon or Yosemite or Yellowstone or the national parks or forests. Yong people may go walking or camping in the mountains. Many people have capers or small trailer(拖车) in which to travel, or if they are in a car, they may stay at Motels on the journey Disneyland and Disneyworld are also popular and people can to skiing in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, Wyoming and Montana.It is also very common to use vacations to visit relatives who may live in states a long distance away. Some children go to summer camp for a holiday during the summer vacation form school, where they do special activities, such as sports or crafts.When Americans want a holiday for sun and rest, they usually go to Florida, Hawaii, Mexico or the Caribbean. They may go to Europe for culture, for example, to see art, plays, and places of historic interest.In Britain, many people like to go to the seaside for holidays. There are places near the sea, such as Black pool, Scarborough and Bournemouth, where there is plenty to do even if it rains. In a traditional British seaside holiday, the children can watch a Punch and Judy Show, eat candy floss and rock (=sweet) and make sandcastles, while older people can hire a deckchair to sit on the beach. People also like to go to go the country, especially to walk, in places like Scotland, Wales and the Lake District.When the British go abroad they usually want to go somewhere warm. Spain and 'Spanish islands of Majorca and Ibiza are popular as are other places in southern Europe. For skiing, people often go to the Alps.Medicine in Britain and AmericanMedicine in BritainIn Britain there is a National Health Service (NHS) which is paid for by taxes and National Insurance(保险), and in general people do not have to pay for medical treatment. Every person is registered with a doctor in their local area; know as general practitioner or GP. This means that their name is on the GP's list, and they may make an appointment to see the doctor or may call the doctor out to visit them if they are ill. People do sometimes have to pay part of the cost of drugs that the doctor prescribes(开处方). GPs are trained in general medicine but are not specialists in any particular subject. If a patient needs to see a specialist doctor, they must first go to their GP and then the GP will make an appointment(预约) for the patient to see a specialist at a hospital or clinic.Although everyone in Britain can have free treatment under the National Health Service. It is also possible to have treatment done privately, for which one has to pay; some people have private health insurance to help them pay for private treatment. Under the NHS, people who need to go to hospital may have to wait for a long time on a waiting list for their treatment. If they pay for the treatment, they will probably get it quickly.Anyone who is very ill can call an ambulance(救护车) and get taken to hospital for free urgent medical treatment. Ambulances are a free service in Britain.Medicine in the USUnlike Britain, the US does not have a national health care service. The government does help pay for some medical care for people who are on low incomes and for old, but most people buy insurance to help pay for medical care. Some people cannot afford insurance but not poor enough to get government help. The cost of medical insurance and the problems of those who can not afford it are an important political subject.When people are ill, they usually go first to a general practitioner or internist. Unlike in Britain, however, people sometimes go straight to a specialist, without seeing their general practitioner first. Children are usually taken to a pediatrician (a doctor who is a specialist in the treatment of children). As in Britain, if a patient needs to see a specialist doctor, their general doctor will usually give them the name of one.Doctors don not go to people's homes when they are ill. People always make appointments to see the doctor in the doctor's office. In emergencies(急诊), people call for an ambulance. Hospital must treat all emergency patients, even if the patient does not have medical insurance. The government would then help pay for some of the cost of the medical care.Social Class in BritainBritish society is considered to be divided into three main groups of classes - the Upper Class, the Middle Class, and the Lower or Working Class. This is known as the Class system and it is important to know something about it if you want to understand British people and society. Most British people grow up with a deep knowledge and understanding of the class system even if they are not very conscious(意识到) of it. Most people know which class they belong to by the way they speak, their clothes, their interests or even the type of food they eat.Social class is not only about behavior and attitudes, For example, although many upper class people are rich and may own a lot of land, having a lot of money does not make a person upper class. It is also important to come from a particular kind of family, have friends who are considered suitable, have been to a certain type of private school and speak with the right kind of accent. There are people who are poor but who do not think of themselves as working class because their family background, education, political opinions, etc. are different to those of most working-class people. Many people do not like the class system but it is impossible to pretend that these differences do not exist or that British people do not sometimes form opinions in this way.Pubs in BritainPubs are an important part of British life. Even very small villages nearly always have a pub. People especially men, will often go to the pub for a drink in the evening and at weekends.A man will usually go to the same pub, one which is closed by and which is called the local: I'm just nipping down to the local for a print. Women now go to pubs more than they used to, but usually don not like to go to a pub on their own. Children under 16 are not usually allowed into pubs, although some pubs have a children's room or a garden where children can sit.Until 1988, pubs were only allowed to be open from 12:00 am to 2:00 pm alcoholic drink can be sold in a public place are called the licensing laws. Even though the law was changed so that alcohol can now be sold all day, many pubs still only pen at lunchtime and in the evening. When it is nearly time for the pub to close, the landlord or landlady shouts "last orders" and then "time".Pubs often sell food or snacks as well as drinks. Food that is considered typical pub food is scampi (kind of shellfish) and chips (fried potatoes), pie and chips, chicken and chips, and ploughman's lunch (bread with cheese).Pubs have names, e.g. The Angel, The Black Swan, The Crown, The King's Arms, The Red Lion, The White Horse, etc. and people usually refer to the pub by its name: Turn left at theRose and Crown. There is often a sing outside the pub showing the name with a picture. Many pubs have two or more different bars. The public bar is usually plainly furnished and often has a pool table and dartboard. It is the bar usually used by the local people. Thesaloon bar is comfortable and well-furnished(装修很好的) and is the bar that is usually used by men and woman drinking together.Sports in Britain and the USFootball in Britain and AmericaFootball(soccer AmE) is a very popular sport in Britain, played between August and May (the football season) Many people, esp. men, support a particular team and may go to watch the games that their team plays. Professional football is controlled by two organizations, the Football League and the Football Association (the FA). In England and Wales, there 93 teams in the League, organized into four divisions(区）. In Scotland, there are 38 teams in the League, organized into three divisions. Teams play regularly against the other teams in their league or division according to a fixed programme. At the end of the season the team in the Premier League (or the Premier Division in Scotland) with the most points is the League Champion. This competition is called the League Championship. The other important competition is the FA Cup, often just called the cup. This is open to all armature football teams that belong to the FA as well as the 93 professional（专业）teams. The teams play against each other in a Knockout competition which starts in August and ends in May. The two teams left in the competition play in the FA Cup Final at Wembley Stadium in London. This is a very important national sporting occasion, watched by millions of people in television.Team names usu. include the name of the town or city where the team is based, e.g. Leeds United, Sheffield Wednesday, Wolverhamptom Wanderers (Wolves), Dundee United, etc. Football (American football BrE) is a very popular sport in the US. Many people, esp. men, support a particular team and watch the game that their team plays. Each team has a name, which usually includes the name of the town or city that the team is associated with, some examples of names are: New York Jets, Washington Redskins, New England Patriots, and Green Bay Packers.The season starts in early autumn and ends at the end of January with the Super Bowl, which is the NFL championship game. The two teams that play in the Super Bowl are determined by games within the divisions and conferences. The Super Bowl is only one game and at the end of the game, they have a sudden-death play-off, in which the first team to gain points wins the game. Professional football games are organized in the US inthe following way: National Football League are divided into two conferences: One is National Football Conference（国家足协）and the other is American Football Conference. Both of them have 14 teams and three divisions.Basket Ball and Base Ball in the U.SBasketball is a very popular sport in the US. Many people, esp., men support a particular team and watch the games that their team plays.Each team has a name, which usually includes the name of the town or city that the team is associated （有关）with. Some examples of names are: Boston Celtics, Chicago Bulls, Denver Nuggets, and Los Angeles Lakers.The plying season runs from autumn to late spring. Teams with each division play against each other and against teams from the other divisions within the conferences. The best teams from each other (the NBA Championship). The first team to win four of these games is the NBA champion. Professional basketball games are organized in the US in the following way: National Basketball Association (NBA) has two conferences, Eastern conference and Western conference. The Eastern conference has two divisions, Atlantic division with 6 teams and Central division with 7 teams and Western conference has two divisions, Midwest division with 7 teams and Pacific division with 7 teams.Baseball is a very popular sport in the US where it is often called the National pastime（消遣）. Many people, esp., men support a particular team and watch the games that their team plays.Each team has a name, which usually includes the name of the town or city that the team is associated with. Some examples of names are: Boston Red Sox, Minnesota Twins, Chicago Cubs, and Houston Astros.The two leagues together are known as the major leagues. The plying season runs from late spring to October. The winning team in each league is called the pennant champion. In October, the two pennant champions play against each other in seven games call the World Series. The team that wins four games is the champion. Professional baseball games are organized in the US in the following way. There are two leagues, National League with 12 teams and American League with 14 teams. National League has Eastern division and Western division and American League also has Eastern division and Western division. Cricket（板球）and Rugby（橄榄球）in BritainCricket is a very popular sport in Britain, played mainly in the summer. Professional cricket is controlled by the MCC (the Marylebone Cricket Club). The main competition is the county championship, in which the 18 county cricket clubs play against one another during the season. Each match takes 3-4 days to complete.。
小学英语必背基础知识
小学英语必背基础知识
《小学英语必背基础知识》
小学英语是学生接触外语的第一门门槛，基础知识的掌握对学生的英语学习起着至关重要的作用。
下面是小学英语必背的基础知识：
1. 26个字母：学生要熟练掌握26个英文字母的大小写形式，以及它们的发音和字母顺序。
2. 常见的颜色：红色、绿色、蓝色、黄色、黑色、白色等，学生要能够准确地认识并描述这些颜色。
3. 基本数字：学生需要掌握基础的数字0-100的读法和写法，以及简单的四则运算。
4. 基本的问候语：学生要学会用英语问候他人，比如“Hello！”，“How are you？”等常用的问候语。
5. 常见的动物和植物：学生应该能够认出一些常见的动物和植物的英文名称，比如dog、cat、flower等。
6. 基础的日常用语：学生要具备一些基本的日常用语，比如“Can I go to the bathroom？”、“May I have some water？”等。
以上是小学英语必背的基础知识，这些知识对学生的英语学习起着重要的基础作用，帮助学生打下坚实的英语学习基础。
英语文化背景知识50篇
1. Superstition迷信One person in four in Britain is, apparently, superstitious, and they'll do everything from hanging horseshoes over their fireplace to crossing their fingers, touching wood and absolutely never walking under a ladder. And they're careful about cats. Black cats are supposed to be the familiars of witches, so if one is following you it's definitely bad luck - a witch is after you! On the other hand, if one crosses your path and continues then it's good luck because it hasn't noticed you. However, in some places the beliefs are different - so it pays to know where your black cat comes from! Old superstitions linger even in today's modern world. The author Philip Pullman drew on them in his award winning novel "His Dark Materials". The novel, which appeals to both children and adults, has been adapted for radio and also the theatre.2. Graduate Student研究生Graduate students specialize in a particular field of study. They study to become experts in this field and to learn new advances in their fields while they earn an M.A. or Ph.D. Sometimes when they get an M. A. in one field they begin studying another field. They hope that when they earn their graduate degrees they will succeed in finding important jobs. They hope to get jobs that are interesting and high paying. The life of a graduate student is often difficult. They are usually too busy studying to make a good living. Often they have to pay high tuition fees for their education. Some give up studying before they get their degrees. But most keep on working at their studies until they graduate. In today's world, most graduate students don't regret spending time with their studies. They are finding that new developments are occurring in all fields. For many graduate study has become a necessity.3. April Fool's Day 愚人节1st April is a day to be careful,or you could easily get tricked by someone.It's April Fool's Day,a day when people traditionally like to tryto make a fool of someone else and laugh at them.There are lots of theories surrounding the origins of the day,but one explanation is connected with the changein the calendar in the 16th century,which meant that 1st Aprilwas no longer the beginning of the year.Those who still celebrated the New Yearon 1st April were called fools.So what kind of pranksdo people play on April Fool's Day?Well, there are lots of simple tricksthat you can play on your friends.For example, you could wear a black sweaterand pull a piece of white thread through it,so that people try to pull it off.You could change the time on someone's alarm clockso that they're late for work.4. Living Online 网上生活How do you meet new people, make new friends,or find out about the latest bands?Here in the UK young people have traditionallydone their socializing in bars, pubs and clubs.However, there is a new generation growing upthat finds it easier to manage their social lives on the net,using free websites like MySpace, Bebo or MSN Spaces.Welcome to the social networking website- a place where you can present yourselfto the digital community and meet other like-minded people.The most successful social networking websitein the UK is .As of July 2006, MySpace is the world'sfourth most popular English-language website,attracting almost 3 million visitors per month.MySpace claims to have 95 million memberswith 500,000 new members joining the community each week.So how has it become so successful?Perhaps its secret is in its simplicity.Each new member can build their own page simply- uploading photos, videos and MP3 files.5.Mother's Day 母亲节Does your mother know how much you appreciate her? Well, Mother's Day is the time to show her. It's a chance to say 'thank you', or to tell your mum how much you love her. In Britain, Mother's Day, or Mothering Sunday, falls on a different day each year, because it takes place a few weeks before the festival of Easter. But it is always in the early springtime, which seems appropriate, as the season when new plants emerge, and baby birds and animals are born. In the USA, Mother's Day takes place a little later, in May, and many other countries also celebrate their mothers on different days of the year. It began many years ago, when children, especially girls, as young as 10 would live and work away from home as housemaids and other types of servant. Mothering Sunday was a day when everyone was allowed to go to their home village or town, and visit their mothers.6.Online Shopping 网上购物With only two weeks to go before Christmas,buying presents is a high priority for a lot of people.However, this year not so many people are leaving their homesto browse around the shops.These days lots of people can do their shoppingin the comfort of their own homewith the help of the internet.Online shopping is becoming more and more popularfor a number of reasons;prices are often lower online,you don't have to queue up in busy shopsand you can buy almost any product imaginablewith just a few clicks of your puter trends are often male-dominatedbut this year women are expected to domore shopping on the internet than men.It seems women are now more attracted tothe convenience of online shopping than they used to be.Average spending online this Christmas by women will rise to 240 poundscompared to the slightly lower average of 233 pounds for men.7. Reality TV电视真人秀The latest fashion on British TV is Reality TV.Reality TV means that shows follow and filmordinary people in an artificial situation.This could be at work, or in some kind of competition.One of the first and most popular Reality TV showsis Big Brother.In this show, 15 complete strangershave to live together in a house for 11 weeks.They are filmed 24 hours a day, and shown on television.Each week, the viewers vote to evictone of the housemates.Finally, only one is left,and they win the prize money!The show was an instant hit,and runs in several countries. The housemates often become stars as a result of the show,and appear in national newspapers and on other shows.Another very popular show isI'm a Celebrity - Get Me Out Of Here!In this show, 10 celebritieshave to complete tasks each week,such as eating insects.8. School 学校September is traditionally the end of summer and the beginning of autumn in the UK. It is also the month when children go back to school after their long summer holidays. There are two types of school in England. State-run schools are paid for by the government, so are free to attend. Independent Schools are private, which means you have to pay to attend. The school day usually starts at 9 in the morning and finishes around 4, with breaks for lunch of course! In many schools, you have to wear a uniform too. Children start school when they are 5 years old. This is called primary school, and lasts until the child is 11 when he or she will go on to senior school. Secondary school is compulsory from 11 until 16 years of age. At 16, students take national examinations called GCSE's. After this, students can stay at school for another 2 years and take A Level examinations.9. The Modern Family 现代家庭Father leaves for work in the morning after breakfast. The two children take the bus to school, andmother stays home cooking and cleaning until father and the kids return home in the evening. This is the traditional picture of a happy family living in Britain. The past 20 years have seen enormous changes in the lives and structure of families in Britain. The biggest change has been caused by divorce. As many as 2 out of 3 marriages now end in divorce, leading to a situation where many children live with one parent and only see the other at weekends or holidays. There has also been a huge rise in the number of women with children who work. The large rise in divorces has meant many women need to work to support themselves and their children. Even when there is no divorce, many families need both parents to work in order to survive.10. Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节On 25th September this year, people all over China will be getting together to eat with their families, look at the moon and celebrate one of the biggest festivals in the Chinese lunar calendar. However, the celebrations stretch far beyond the borders of China. Here in the UK events are taking place for Chinese people living here, and to teach the people of Britain more about this popular festival. The Soho Theatre in London conducted a study which showed that Chinese Londonersdon't engage much with the arts world. As a result, 'Moon walking In China has been created to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival.This is no normal theatre production though,as it doesn't take place in the theatre.Theatre professionals and volunteers from the local communitywill take audiences around the streets of Sohoon a magical lantern-lit walkthrough the landmarks and backstreets of Chinatown.11. The Dragon 龙When many people in the west think of China, the animal that they think of is the dragon. For them, the dragon is an aggressive monster that breathes fire. Many popular legends tell of how dragons killed brave knights and ate beautiful maidens. For Chinese people however, the dragon is not an evil monster. It’s a cultural and spiritual symbol for prosperity and good luck. The dragon's main task is to create harmony and bring rain. Dragons are celebrated in art and architecture, and of course the dragon dance is a very popular ritual. Millions of Chinese have the word 'long’, meaning dragon, as part of their name. China isn't the only country to have the dragon as its symbol. Wales, one of the four countries in the UK, has a red dragon proudly displayed on its flag. The only other country in the world with a dragon on its flag is Bhutan, the tiny country between China and India.12. Rainy Britain 阴雨的英国Britain is famous around the world for its rainy weather, but many parts of the country this June are experiencing much more rain than they have ever seen before. Torrential downpours have caused rivers to burst their banks, roads have been closed and many people have been evacuated from their homes because of the floods. The worst hit area seems to be the north of England. There have even been fatalities as people got stuck in the rain or were washed away by the floodwaters. Flood warnings have been issued in many parts of the UK and it is said that over a month's worth of rain has fallen in just the last couple of days. The rain has also caused chaos at some of Britain's famous June events. The Glastonbury festival is a four-day-long outdoor music festival and while it is traditionally quite rainy and muddy there, this year was particularly bad. 13. Christmas Traditions 圣诞节传统There are many ways to celebrate Christmas, and some British people like to go on holiday, go out for lunch to a restaurant, or spend the day with friends. But most people's idea of a traditional Christmas involves spending a few days with their family - sometimes their extended family(大家族). The day is the most exciting for the children. They may have spent weeks or even months dreaming of the presents they want most. Since the beginning of December, they may have opened their advent calendars（降临节日历）, finding a new festive picture, chocolate, or small gift, to count down each day until 25th December. On Christmas Eve, they hang up stockings, ready to be filled with presents by Santa Claus. Often a thank you gift of a mince pie and a glass of sherry will be left, as well as a carrot for those hungry reindeer.14. Olympic Slogan 奥运口号Beijing unveiled the slogan for the 2008 Olympics as far back as 2005. "One World, One Dream" was finally selected from more than 210,000 entries（条目）from around the world. Beijing's original bid to host the 2008 games had a different slogan "New Beijing, Great Olympics". The organizers felt the new slogan shifted the focus nicely from the city of Beijing itself to the spirit of the Olympics - unity, friendship amongst nations and progress. It was also felt that the "One World, One Dream" slogan captured the traditional Chinese values of peace and harmony. The Olympics hasn't always had a slogan attached to each host country. In fact it wasn't until 1988 at the Seoul Olympics in South Korea that the first slogan appeared. "Harmony and Progress" was chosen and it seems to have been a popular theme over the years.15. Sunbed太阳床In the UK, a country known for its bad weather and lack of sunshine, there appears to be an ever increasing number of very tanned young people. So just how are they achieving their golden tans? Some are opting for the sun-free option and are getting their tan from a bottle. However, it appears that others are turning to tanning salons, of which there are thousands in the UK. While in China young people often prefer to remain fair, in the UK there seems to be a growing desire for tanned skin. So why do the British prefer to be bronzed? Often, they are trying to emulate their favorite celebrities, footballers, or footballers' wives. Research from the British Sunbed Association suggests that many people believe a tan makes them feel and look healthier. This is a belief that is most definitely not shared by Cancer Research UK. They firmly state that being tanned is not a sign of health.16. Speechwriting 写演讲稿The success of a speech is often attributed to the skill of the speaker, with merit(赞扬) being given to speakers who are confident, articulate, knowledgeable and able to deliver a speech with conviction. But often it is not the speakers who write these moving speeches, it is a speechwriter. And one industry in which this practice is common is that of politics. So what does it take to be a political speechwriter? Well according to a recent job advertisement from the US Embassy in Britain, a political speechwriter needs to have exceptional interpersonal skills, be detail oriented （注重细节的）and able to demonstrate a deep knowledge of their subject. They must also work closely with speakers and be able to relate to their style. Some believe that the best speechwriters have an inherent talent, a natural creative instinct, and that speechwriting is an art form.17. A Walk in the Park在公园散步Exercising in natural areas is not only good for your physical health -it can improve your mood and sense of well-being in as little as five minutes. So says research in the journal Environmental Health and Technology. Exercise alone is known to make you happier. So is being in a natural setting. So scientists wanted to see the effect of combining the two. They evaluated 10 different UK studies involving more than 1,200 people. Participants had taken part in activities such as gardening, sailing and country walks, and rated their mood and self-esteem. The research showedthat both areas get a significant boost with as little as five minutes of outdoor exercise. And people with mental disorders benefited the most. The study authors say this is the first study to quantify the amount of time needed to get a positive effect.18. Fast Food Makes Us Less Patient快餐使我们失去耐性Fast food is a multibillion-dollar industry, and for some of us, drive-through dinner has become a way of life. Granted, sometimes we grab something quick because we really don't have time. But psychologists got to wondering whether all this speed eating might actually make us less patient. In a series of experiments, the scientists showed volunteers logos（理性）from several fast-food chains or asked them to recall the last time they'd visited. And they found that folks who had thought about fast food would then read faster, even though no one told them to hurry. And they also expressed a preference for time-saving products, like shampoo plus conditioner. And they tended to opt for immediate rewards, like getting a small cash payment right away rather than waiting a week for a larger sum. So if you want to ease the pace, forget meditation. Try a slow cooker.快餐是一个数十亿美元的产业，对于我们中的一些人来说，免下车餐厅已经成为了一种生活方式。
英语文化背景知识
Recognize that not all teaching about culture implies behaviour change, but merely an awareness and tolerance of the cultural influences affecting one’s own and others’behaviour.
故
1.日常生活交际
She is very beautiful!－－ －－Where！Where！－－－－ Oh, every where 。
2.价值观念
在社会文化因素的作用下， 不同民族 的价值观念反映到语言使用上，也造成 语言学习和理解的困难。
You don’t eat meat ? Why not? Are you Christian? Are you environmentalist? You don’t eat meat because you want to lose weight? You look pale. You should eat meat.
体验文化
情景会话 短剧表演
文化意识与小学英语教学
感受文化
1.利用各种电化手段，让学生体验英 语国家人们的生活情趣。
2.听音乐,唱英文歌
3.Happy holidays 4.收集一些具有文化特色的事物 更真
实地接触不同的文化
5.culture wallchart
英语文化背景知识与阅读理解
英语文化背景知识与阅读理解
贺
【 摘
准确性。 【 关键词】 文化背景知识 阅读理解 跨文化
ｖ ｄ ａ ｉ ｔ 这 篇 短 文 的 关 键 词 是“ ｎ ｉ ｉｕ ｌ ｓ ” 它 是 从 “ ｎ ｉ ｉｕ ｌ ｉｕｌｓ． ｉ ｄ ｖ ｄａ ｉ ｔ ， ｉｄ ｖ ｄ ａ—
铃
４ １０ ３ ２ ６ ０
（ 湖南省衡 阳市祁东县 自地市镇中心小学
要】 阅读理解是从语篇中获取信息的过程， 要真正理解所读材料的内容， 不是一个跨 文化 的交 际的过程 。 在教学 中引入跨文化知识是必要 的， 也是区别传统教学和现代英语 教学 的主要标志之一， 能提高阅读理解的速度和
２ 文 化 背 景 知 识 、
ｉ ｍ 转变过来的 ， 调充分发挥个人 的 自由、 ｓ” 强 权利 以及独立 思考 与行动的 能力 。 是美 国人 的生活准则和美国社会所倡导的精神， 是个褒义词 ； 而中国 倡导的是团结合作 的精神 ， 个人主义是指“ 一切从个人利益出发， 把个人利 益置于集体利益之上 ， 只顾 自己不顾别人的错 误思想 ” 有悖 于中国的主流 。 文化 ， 是个贬 义词 。由此可见 ， 美国的“ ｎ ｉ ｉ ｕ ｌ ｓ ” ｉ ｄ ｖ ｄ ａ ｉ ｔ 和中国 的“ 个人 主 义” 文化 内涵截然不 同。 二） 习语 文 化 英语习语在语法上是 不可 以分析 的， 它的意思是约定俗成 的， 而不 是 字面意 思的总和 。例如“ ｓ ｐ ｏ ａ ａ ｉｅ ｉ ａ ｃｕ ｃ 这句 Ａ ｏ ｒ ｓ ｍ ｃ ｎ ｈ ｒｈ ， 习语 的意思并非“ 和教堂里 的老 鼠一样贫穷 ”而 是相当于中文里 的“ ， 一贫
英 语“ ｏ ｅ ” 即情 人 。 ｌｖ ｒ ， ３ 跨文化意识 、
英语文化背景知识
英语文化背景知识英语文化背景知识1.罗伯特沃波尔任期：1721年4月至1742年2月2.威尔明顿伯爵任期：1742年2月至1743年8月3.亨利佩勒姆任期：1743年8月至1756年11月4.德文郡公爵任期：1756年11月至1757年11月5.纽卡斯尔公爵1757年(纽卡斯尔公爵)任期：1757年11月至1762年5月6.布特伯爵任期：1762年5月至1763年4月7.乔治乔治格伦维尔任期：1763年4月至1765年7月8.罗金厄姆侯爵任期：1765年7月至1766年8月9.查塔姆伯爵任期：1766年8月至1767年12月10.格拉夫顿公爵1.腓特烈诺斯任期：1770年2月至1782年3月12.罗金厄姆侯爵任期：1782年3月至1782年7月13.谢尔本伯爵任期：1782年7月至1783年4月14.波特兰公爵任期：1783年4月至1783年12月15.小威廉皮特任期：1783年12月至1801年3月16.亨利阿丁顿任期：1801年3月至1804年5月17.小威廉皮特任期：1804年5月至1806年2月18.格伦维尔勋爵任期：1806年2月至1807年3月19.波特兰公爵任期：1807年3月至1809年12月20.斯潘塞帕西瓦尔(斯宾塞佩瑟瓦尔)任期：1809年12月至1812年6月21.利物浦伯爵(利物浦早期)2.乔治坎宁任期：1827年4月至1827年9月23.戈德里奇子爵(梅尔本子爵)任期：1827年9月至1828年1月24.惠灵顿公爵(威灵顿公爵)任期：1828年1月至1830年11月25.灰色伯爵任期：1830年11月至1834年7月26.墨尔本子爵任期：1834年7月至1834年12月27.罗伯特皮尔爵士任期：1834年12月至1835年3月28.墨尔本子爵任期：1835年3月至1841年9月29.罗伯特皮尔勋爵(罗伯特皮尔爵士)任期：1841年9月至1846年7月30.约翰拉塞尔勋爵任期：1846年7月至1848年2月31.德比伯爵任期：1848年2月至1952年12月32.阿伯丁伯爵33.帕默斯顿子爵任期：1855年2月至1858年2月34.德比伯爵任期：1858年2月至1859年6月35.帕默斯顿子爵任期：1859年6月至1865年11月36.拉塞尔伯爵任期：1865年11月至1866年7月37.德比伯爵任期：1866年7月至1868年2月38.本杰明迪斯雷利任期：1868年2月至1868年12月39.格莱斯顿任期：1868年12月至1874年2月40.本杰明迪斯雷利任期：1874年2月至1880年4月41.格莱斯顿任期：1880年4月至1886年8月42.索尔兹伯里侯爵任期：1886年8月至1892年8月43.格莱斯顿44.罗斯伯里伯爵任期：1894年3月至1895年7月45.索尔兹伯里侯爵任期：1895年7月至1902年7月46.阿瑟詹姆斯贝尔福任期：1902年7月至1905年12月47.坎贝尔班纳曼爵士任期：1905年12月至1908年4月48.阿斯奎斯阁下任期：1908年4月至1915年5月49.阿斯奎斯阁下任期：1915年5月至1916年12月50.劳埃德乔治任期：1916年12月至1922年10月51.博纳定律任期：1922年10月至1923年5月52.鲍德温任期：1923年5月至1924年1月53.J. R .麦克唐纳任期：1924年1月至1924年11月54.鲍德温5.J. R .麦克唐纳任期：1929年6月至1931年8月56.J. R .麦克唐纳任期：1931年8月至1935年6月57.鲍德温任期：1935年6月至1937年5月58.张伯伦任期：1937年5月至1940年5月59.温斯顿斯潘塞丘吉尔任期：1940年5月至1945年5月60.丘吉尔任期：1945年5月至1945年7月61.艾德礼任期：1945年7月至1951年10月62.温斯顿斯潘塞丘吉尔任期：1951年10月至1955年4月63.安东尼艾登爵士任期：1955年。
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PEP小学英语文化知识汇总
一、饮食文化
1、西餐礼仪
the knife is on the right . 刀放置于右边
the fork is on the left. 叉置于左边
The spoon is beside the knife. 勺子置于刀旁边
The plate is in the middle.盘子放在中间
2、饭后甜点dessert 介绍
It’s something sweet, like pudding, fru it or ice-cream…饭后吃一些甜食，比如布丁、水果、冰激凌等等
3、Traditional Chinese food中国传统食品
sweet dumplings汤圆zongzi粽子mooncake月饼dumplings饺子
二、节日文化
1、Women’s Day妇女节
2、Children’s Day儿童节
3、Christmas 圣诞节
Merry Christmas圣诞快乐
Father Christmas圣诞老人
Christmas Tree 圣诞树turkey火鸡gifts礼物
4、西方节日
Mother’s Day is the second Sunday in May.母亲节在五月份第二个星期天Father’s Day is the third Sunday in June.父亲节在六月份第三个星期天
In America Thanksgiving Day is the fourth Thursday in November.
在美国，感恩节在十一月份第四个星期四
In Canada Thanksgiving Day is the second Monday in October.
在加拿大，感恩节在十月份第二个星期一
三、生活常识及日常标志认识
1、出口、入口和卫生间标志：
entrance入口exit出口women’s女卫生间men’s男卫生间
2、不同国家紧急求救号码emergency number
3、水零度结冰膨胀
When water gets to 0 degrees, it becomes ice. 当温度达到0摄氏度时，水会结冰。
When water freezes, it expands, or gets bigger. If you want to freeze a bottle of water, leave some room for the ice to expand. 当水结冰了，它会膨胀变大。
如果你要冷藏一杯水，要留足够空间让它膨胀。
5、常见标志
No Fishing No Swimming No dogs peeing No dogs pooting
四、称呼介绍
1、对爸爸妈妈多种称呼叫法some ways to call mother and father
mother: mom mommy mama
father: dad daddy papa
2、同一个工作性别不同称呼
五、时间
世界各地之间存在时差
六、服饰
1、cowboys wear jeans. 牛仔穿牛仔裤
The shirt looks like a “T”. ------ T-shirt
jiake comes from jacket. 中文中夹克衫来自英文“jacket”
Chinese people are proud of Tang Dynasty. 中国人以“唐装”为豪
2、衣服和鞋子尺寸大小表示
L — Large
M — Medium
S — Small
不同国家对鞋子尺码表示有多不同
七、季节和天气
1、摄氏和华氏：
华氏度(Fahrenhite) 和摄氏度(Centigrade)都是用来计量温度单位。
包括我国在内世界上很多国家都使用摄氏度，美国和其他一些英语国家使用华氏度而较少使用摄氏度。
华氏度F＝32＋(9/5)乘以摄氏度C
2、北京和悉尼相反四季
We have summer, fall, winter, and spring. But when it’s fall in China, it’s spring in Australia. When it’s winter in Beijing, it’s summer in Sydney. In Beijing, it’s spring from March to May. Summer is from June to August. Fall is September to November. Winter is December to February the next year. But, in Sydney, it’s spring from September to November. Summer is from December to February the next year. Fall is from March to May. Winter is from June to August. If you’re planning a trip, look at a map first and remember that it may not be the same season where you’re going.
八、动物
1、熊猫生活介绍
The panda lives in China. It lives in mountains. It lives in bamboo forests.
The panda can climb trees. The panda eats bamboo.
The baby panda is called a cub幼兽. It’s cute.
There are only 1000 pandas. They need nature parks.
2、十二生肖Chinese zodiac
Rat Ox Tiger Rabbit Dragon Snake Horse Sheep Monkey Rooster Dog Pig
鼠牛虎兔龙蛇马羊猴鸡狗猪
3、澳大利亚树带熊、袋鼠介绍
Koala bears 树带熊live in Australia. They live in trees. They sleep 20 hours
a day.（一天睡二十个小时）They are good climbers（攀登高手）. They can swim, too!
Kangaroos live in Australia. There are more than 60 different types of kangaroos.（有六十多不同种类袋鼠）The Red Kangaroo(赤袋鼠) is the largest（最大）. Kangaroos like to eat at night（袋鼠喜欢在晚上吃东西）. They like to be quiet in the day. Baby kangaroos remain in their mother’s pouch for 5-6 months.（袋鼠宝宝要在袋鼠妈妈袋子中呆五至六个月）
九、交通traffic rules in different countries.
The traffic lights are the same in every country. There are always three lights: red, yellow and green. Red means “Stop”. Yellow means “Wait”, and green means”Go”. In China, drivers drive on the right side of the road. In the US, drivers drive on the right side, too. In England and Australia, however, drivers drive on the left side of the road. If you go by car, by bike or on foot, you must know the traffic rules.
十、其他
1、人类书写发展史people write words on different things on bones 在骨头上
on bamboo slips 在竹简上
on paper 在纸上
on computers 在电脑上
2、颜色和情绪关系
If you are healthy, you are in the PINK.
If you are sad, you are feeling BLUE.
If you are angry, you are seeing RED.
If you are very sad, you are in a BLACK mood.。