广外考研 二外日语03-04
南开大学 硕士研究生统一考试《二外日语》考试大纲 考试内容 复习参考书 考研辅导
南开大学硕士研究生统一考试《二外日语》考试大纲一、考试目的本科目考试为英语语言文学专业和外国语言学及应用语言学专业硕士研究生入学考试的二外考试科目，旨在考查考生的第二外语日语水平。
二、考试范围本科目考试内容主要涵盖在新JLPT（国际日本语能力测试TheJapanese-Language Proficiency Test）所规定的N3级别要求之内。
N3级别的认定标准为：在一定程度上能够理解日常情况下所使用的日语。
三、考试基本要求1.学习了基本的文法和部分较高级的文法，掌握词汇5000以内。
2.具备围绕一般事物进行读写、理解的日语能力。
3.用黑色或蓝色钢笔作答，字迹清晰，卷面整洁。
四、考试形式本科目采用闭卷书面考试的形式。
试题语言为日语。
2014年有多名学员以优异成绩考上南开大学的行政管理，环境工程，传播学，金融学，翻译硕士等各个专业，可以说这些专业是我们育明教育的王牌专业，希望广大学子能够来育明实地查看，加入我们的辅导课程，你会发现在这里复习考研将会是你事半功倍，复习效果更上一层楼！针对以上信息，有任何疑问或希望来育明教育进行实地了解的考生们，可以联系我们南开大学的首席咨询师林老师，扣扣为2831464870，祝各位考研成功！【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌育明教育官方网站：1【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌育明教育官方网站：22015年育明教育考研攻略一、《育明教育：五阶段考研复习攻略》把考研作为一种娱乐，而不是被娱乐。
过程完美了，一切水到渠成，结果自然不错。
-----------------育明教育寄语第一阶段：预热（3月1日至7月1日）预热原因：育明教育老师认为考研复习比较理想的时间长度是6-9个月，因此从3月开始比较科学。
如果复习的时间太长，容易导致后劲不足。
正所谓“强弩之末势不能穿鲁缟”。
这是无数学子的血泪教训。
重点任务：1.收集考研信息，包括所报考专业的未来发展趋势、就业难易程度、所报考专业的难易程度、所报考学校的录取率、资料。
广外英语水平考试2004考研真题及答案解析
广东外语外贸大学2004年硕士研究生入学考试英语语言文学及外国语言与应用语言学水平考试试卷Ⅰ. Cloze (20%)Fill in each blank with the words given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.The problem which the learner 1 in handling the meanings of such complex expressions (and those of the more numerous two-word combinations) are well known He may have 2 of understanding or interpretation(especially when the form of an expression is a poor guide to its meaning). He may have trouble in 3 accurately between various meanings of the “same” item-those of put out, for 4 ,or take in. And again, he may need help in distinguishing 5 expressions which are related in form (of level off and level up) 6 not necessarily in meaning. Among the features we have included in the dictionary to help the student deal with such problems 7 the regular listing in entries of “collocating” words. We can consider briefly the special advantages of this guidance here.The collocates of an expression are the particular words 8 are commonly combined with it to form sentences. 9 the words which regularly appear (as subjects) in the same sentences as bring to blows, for example, are disagreement, difference and rivalry and among those habitually associated (as direct objects) with bring to attention are troops, platoon, company. The learner normally becomes 10 of these word associations, or collocations, one by one through meeting them in books or hearing them in conversation, and as one association builds 11 another he gradually develops a firm understanding of the meanings of bring to blows and bring to attention. The advantage of bringing together a number of these associated words in one place—as in the entries shown just below—is that the student is 12 aware of several at the same time. As a 13 the learning process can be greatly speeded up. Another advantage, of course, is that the student can make up sentences of his own on the 14 of the collocates recorded in such entries, so strengthening. still more his grasp on the meanings of the headphrases themselves.Illustrative sentences in dictionary entries can 15 much the same purpose as lists of collocates. 16 the illustrations are carefully chosen, they too will contain words that are characteristically and unambiguously 17 with the headphrases, which help to develop the learner’s understanding of their meaning.18 collocates and examples have different and complementary parts to play in the definition of meaning. In a list of collocates some of the more important 19 to our understanding of an expression are abstracted form their real contexts and presented in a highly condensed form. In illustrations, various kinds of information-highly condensed form. In illustrations, various kinds of information grammatical and stylistic as 20 as lexical-are combined in actual instances of language use, though the most important clues to meaning may be rather thinly spread.Ⅱ.Proof-reading and Error Correction(30%)The following passage contains FIFTEEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error.In each case, only one word is involved. You should correct it in the following way. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in theblank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “A” signand write the word youFor an unnecessary word, believe .to be missing' in the blank provided atthe end of the line. cross out the unnecessary wordwith a slash "/" and put the word in the blankprovided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen A art museum wants a new exhibit,[1] anIt never buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall.[2] neverWhen a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it.[3] exhibitWhy do some new products succeed, bringing millionsof dollars to innovative companies, but others fail, 1.with great losses? The answer is not simple, andcertainly we cannot say that "good" products succeedwhile "bad" products fail. Many products that functionwell and seem to meet consumer needs have fallenby the wayside. Sometimes, virtual identical products 2.exist in the market at the same time with one emerged 3.as profitable while the other fails. Mc Neal Laboratories'Tylenol has become success as an aspirin substitute, 4.yet Bristol-Meyers went into the test market at aboutthe same time with Neotrend, also a substitute to aspirin, 5.that quickly failed. 6.The nature of the product is a factor in their success 7.or failure, but the important point is the consumer'sperception of the products need-satisfying ability. 8.Any new product conception should be aimed atmeeting any customer need, and the introductory 9.promotion should seek to communicate that need-satisfying quality and motivate the customer try the 10.product. Often, attitude change is involved, and, in theextreme, changes in life-style may be seeked. 11.Here the company walks a tightrope. A new productis more probable to be successful if it represents a 12. truly novel way of solving, a customer problem, butthis very newness, if carried too far, may ask the customerto learn new behavior patterns. The customer will make thechange if the perceived benefit is sufficient, but inertia isstrong and consumers will often not go to the effort that isrequired. During the late sixties and early seventiesBristol-Meyers met new product failures that exemplify 13. both of these problems. In 1967 and 1968 the companyentered into the market with a $ 5 million advertising 14. campaign for Fact toothpaste, and an $11 millioncampaign to promote Resolve. Both products failed quickly,--not because they wouldn't work or because there was 15.no consumer need, but apparently because consumersjust could see no reason to shift from an alreadysatisfactory product to a different one that promised nonew benefit.III. Gap-filling (40%)Fill in the following blanks with the CORRECT WORD or CORRECT FORM of the words given according to the MEANINGS of the sentences. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.Exampleprolong, refuse, delay, postpone, lengthenI hope the of the appointment will not cause you much inconvenience. The correct answer is postponement.1. ally, league, unionUnder the military command of Ahmad Shah Mausood, a faction leader with Rabbani, government forces continued tohold much of Kabul late in the year, but fighting continued in the area.2. obligation, liability, responsibilityMembership in the United Nations is open to all peace-loving states which accept the of the Charter3. prospectus, brochure, catalogue., pamphlet, leafletThe tells buyers how to identify fraudulent sellers andhow to cope with false claims on grading, certification, appreciation,and value.4. alter, convert, transform, varyA single genetic could allow the sunflower to convert some of itsoleic acid to ricinoleic acid, an extremely versatile oil that has numerousindustrial uses, including the manufacture of plastics, nylon, cosmetics, andlubricants.5. affection, emotion., feeling, sentimentAnna Roe of New York City stated that there are vocationally successful personswho are well-adjusted socially and yet who. show, according to tests, more or lesssevere disabilities.6. genius, gift, talentWith costs of educating handicapped children increasing, advocates of bettereducationfor children began demanding more financial support.7. celebrate, commemorate, inaugurate, representOn October 14, President Eisenhower's birthdate, the U.S. Post Office Departmentissueda stamp.8. career, profession, occupation, employmentThe problem of injury and sickness received a good deal of publicityand attention this year.9. criticism, mark, review, opinionCritics gave good to the movie featuring Julia Roberts and Hugh Grant,which was a box-office hit all over the world.10. hedge, dyke. wall. moat. fenceThe castle was surrounded by a , which nowadays contained only occasionalrainwater.11. propose, agreement, suggest, adviceIn September, Constitutional Affairs Minister Joe Clark unveiled new aimed at satisfying Quebec's demands for federal reform.12. rare, scarce, scant, inadequateWith wartime food largely over in the United States, the return topeacetime methods in food exporting from this country will be quick or slow inproportion to the rate at which normal production and trade revive throughout theworld. Meantime, world relief requirements along with the continuance of worldshortages in items such as fats and oils and sugar delay the abandonment of thecontrols.13. cure, heal, remedy, treatSuch high levels of unemployment compelled measures in their view, andso deep a recession called for some economic stimulation.14. individual, personal, privateAlthough all humans share the same set of genes, can inherit differentforms of a given gene, making each person genetically unique.15. common, general. popularAs Peres's personal continued to rise in public opinion pollsfollowing the completion of Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon, bitter exchangesover Taba and West Bank settlement policy became increasingly common.16. just, fair, impartialIn this letter to Angelina, Sarah .enumerates the legal womensuffered in the 1830s and compares the plight of women in theUnited States to thatof slaves.17. prolong, extend, lengthen, enlargeAs he hasn't sorted -out his business in the UK, he intends to apply for a/an of his passport.18. exert, conduct, impose, implementOn April 1st the long delayed of the United Nations' plan for peaceand decolonization in South West Africa (Namibia), embodied in Security Councilresolution 435 (1978), finally began.19. crease, crumple, wrinkle, pleatDermatologists have been swamped with people seeking what they believe is theclosest thing to the fountain of youth: the anti-acne prescription skin creamRetin-A, known generically as tretinoin and chemically related to Accutane. AJanuary report in The Journal of the American Medical Association said that Retin-Adiminished small and other aging changes caused by sun exposure.20. cunning, sly. crafty, shrewdThe Sino-Japanese peace pact was preceded in May by the opening of diplomaticrelations between China and the oil-rich Middle Eastern state of Oman. And it was immediately followed by the Premier's unprecedented 12-day visit to Romania, Yugoslavia, and Iran—a trip timed to coincide with the tenth anniversary ofthe Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia.IV. Reading Comprehension (60%)In this section, there are six reading passages followed by a total of thirtymultiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then mark your answerson your ANSWER SHEET.Text A15 Killed by Rebel Bomb in KashmirSRINAGAR, India--At least 15 people were killed when a car bomb exploded incentral Srinagar at midday Monday, witnesses said. Five of the dead appeared to besoldiers, they said. Officials at a government-run hospital said that 20 peoplewere admitted with wounds and that three were in surgery. One of the wounded diedupon arrival at the hospital.A caller identifying himself as a member of Hizbul Mujahidin, a pro-Pakistangroup, contacted several news agencies to claim responsibility for the attack.Hizbul Mujahidin is the most powerful rebel group favoring a merger with Pakistan.Other groups want independence from Indian rule.The bomb went off in a car near a police station and outside a branch of the government-owned State Bank of India, where Indian soldiers fighting the separatist insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir gather at the beginning of every month to collect their pay.Witness said an army truck was parked in the vicinity when the bomb went off. Three cars and five scooters' were destroyed in the blast.Witnesses said that two of the victims were women and that five others wore military uniforms. Some of the corpses were badly mutilated.Security forces arrived quickly and carried off the bodies. The police cordonedoff the area, fearing another attack.The blast was preceded by a grenade attack a few blocks away that appeared to have been a diversionary measure.The explosion was near Ahdoo's, one of the only hotels left open in the city. The hotel is full of foreign journalists covering the Kashmir hostage crisis, which entered its third month Monday.Four Westerners have been held hostage by guerrillas in the Kashmir Valley since July 4. A fifth hostage, Hans Christian Ostroe of Norway, was found beheaded ina remote region Aug. 13.The guerrillas have said they will kill the remaining hostages unless the Indian government releases 15 jailed separatists.1. claimed responsibility for the attack.A. A rebel groupB. An Indian groupC. A member of Hizbul MujahidinD. A pro-Indian group2. The bomb went off outside a bank branch where Indian soldiers gather to.A. fight the rebelsB. protect the bankC. fight the separatist insurgencyD. collect their pay3. Witnesses said that two of the victims wereA. children and that five others wore military uniformsB. women and that five others were probably soldiersC. women and that five others were childrenD. women and that five others were workers4. PoliceA. withdrew from the areaB. kept people at a distance from the area by means of a cordonC. cleaned the areaD. examined the area5. The blast was preceded by a grenade attack a few blocks away that appearedto .A. have turned people's attention away from the place where a bomb was exploded laterB. have drawn people's attention to the place where a bomb was exploded laterC. have been an entertaining measureD. have been a visionary plotText BBehave Like Your Actions Reflect on All ChineseBy the 1870s the easygoing cordiality that greeted the first Chinese in America had been replaced by an ugly resentment that often boiled into virulence. Racism and economic fear led many Westerners to believe that .the Chinese, who were willing to work cheap, were stealing their jobs ....Legal persecution took the form of taxes and statutes aimed at their livelihood, their customs and even their looks. Chinese families had to pay special taxes. Their children were barred from local public schools. A San Francisco ordinance, vetoed by the mayor at the last moment, would have required that the queues of Chinese jail inmates be cut off. Other harassments include laws making it illegal to carry baskets suspended from poles while walking on sidewalks, as Chinese laundrymen did, or to rent rooms with less than 500 cubic feet of space per person, as most Chinese had to do. The courts even prohibited Chinese from giving testimony in cases that involved whites.By 1880 Chinese immigrants represented only 0.002 percent of the population, yet the "Chinese Question"—which boiled down to finding ways to keep them out--had become a major national issue ....The Chinese responded to prejudice and persecution in two ways. First, they created an insulated society-within-a-society that needed little from the dominant culture. Second, they displayed a stoic willingness to persevere, and to take without complaint or resistance whatever America dished out.6. The first Chinese immigrants to the U.S. .A. were welcomedB. far outnumbered other minoritiesC. arrived in the 1870sD. were met with hostility7. The author believes that in the later part of the 19th century, Chinese immigrants received .A. adequate housingB. national acceptanceC. equal educationD. unfair treatment8. A San Francisco ordinance, by the mayor at the last moment, required that the queues of Chinese jail inmates be cut off.A. suggestedB. rejectedC. supportedD. urged9. Which of the following is not the Chinese response to prejudice and persecution?A. to create an insulated society-within-a-societyB. to show a stoic willingness to persevereC. to show strong protestD. to take whatever America gave without complaint or resistance10. From the passage we can tell that many Americans were fearful because they found the Chinese were .A. an inferior peopleB. willing to work for low payC. lazy and stupidD. impossible to understandText CThree weeks ago, a story we published put us in the middle of a controversy. It was hardly the first time that has happened, but this instance-suggested an opportunity for more than usual colloquy in the letters pages. So for this occasion and others like it, we have revived a section of TIME called Forum, which begins on page 28, concerns our cover subject thisweek—the Nation of Islam and its leader, Louis Parrakhan.The decision to pursue an in-depth investigation of this subject was prompted by the anti-Semitic and otherwise racist speech that Farrakhan's aide, Khallid Muhammad, gave at Kean College in New Jersey. The story was newsworthy in large part because it came just as some mainstream black groups were attempting to form a constructive alliance with Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam. News of the speech loosed a flash flood of reportage and commentary on the subject, at that time we began the kind of weeks-long investigation a cover story like this one requires. At the same time, we published an article on one telling aspect of the larger story: the fact that some black leaders were offended when whites called on them to denounce racism in other black leaders while seeming to ignore offensive remarks by whites--as, for example, Senator Ernest Hoolings, who had some time before made a supposedly joking reference to an African delegation as cannibals. The larger issue was that blacks feel they should be presumed to abhor anti-Semitism and other forms of racism without having to say no, and that they resent the attempt by whites to script their views, behavior or alliances.The story raised interesting and important points, and it clearly struck a nerve. The reaction was instantaneous and strong, most of it coming from white and Jewish readers. Some argued that our story was opinion masquerading as fact. Some people, both white and black, said that crediting white pressure for the denunciations of Farrakhan was condescending, that it deprived black leaders of credit for what was simply principled behavior. Some readers also felt that to concentrate on this issue was to minimize or downplay the virulence of Muhammad's speech. Andthere was a general view among our critics that no amount of good works by the Nation of Islam could justify any black leader's toleration of, not to mention alliance with, such a racist organization.The issues raised by the story's critics are important. Still, this much must be said: Muhammad's speech was wholly disreputable and vile, and I believe our story made that clear. Our focus, however, was not on black racism but on the perception of a subtle form of white racism--the sense among some back leaders that, as the story put it, "some whites feel a need to make all black leaders speak out whenever one black says something stupid." That this feeling of grievance exists is not just TIME's opinion. It is fact.11.We can infer that the author of the article is .A. a readerB. a criticC. a racistD. editor of TIME12. The purpose of TIME FORUM is .A. to present opinions on issues of importanceB. to carry views on present issuesC. to stir peopleD. to cause a sensation13. This article focuses on the problem of .A. racismB. whitesC. blacksD. Jews14. The author's opinion of Muhammad's speech is .A. sympatheticB. favourableC. unfavourableD. not known15. It can be seen that the story published by the TIME aroused reaction amongthe readers.A. noB. immediate and strongC. slow but strongD. everlasting and strongText DShylock on the Beach"When I direct Shakespeare," theatrical innovator Peter Sellars once said, "the first thing I do is go to the text for cuts. I go through to find the' passages that are real heavy, that really are not needed, places where the language has become obscure, the places where there is a bizarre detour." And then? "I take those moments, those elements, and I make them the centerpiece, the core of the production." In the sober matter of staging Shakespeare, such audaciousness is hard toresist--though a lot of Chicago theatre-goers have been able to. Typically, a third of the people who have been showing up at the Goodman Theatre to see Sellars' ingenious reworking of The Merchant of Venice have been walking out before the evening is over. It's no mystery why: the evening isn’t over for nearly four hours. Beyond that, the production pretty much upends everything the audience has come to expect from one of Shakespeare's most troubling but reliable entertaining comedies. The play has been transplanted from the teeming, multicultural world of 15th century Venice, Italy, to the teeming, multicultural world of 1994 Venice Beach, California, where Sellars lives when he isn't setting Don Giovanni in Spanish Harlem, putting King Lear in a Lincoln Continental or deconstructing other classic plays and operas. Shylock, along with theplay's other Jews, is black. Antonio, the merchant of the title, and his kinsmen are Latinos. Portia, the wealthy maiden being wooed by Antonio's friend Bassanio, is Asian. But the racial shuffling is just one of Sellars' liberties. The stage is furnished with little but office furniture, while video screens simulcast the actors in close-up during their monologues, (and, in between, display seemingly unrelated Southern California scene, form gardens and swimming pools to the L. A. riots). Cries of anguish come from the clowns, and the playfully romantic final scene, in which Portia teases Bassanio for giving away her ring to the lawyer she played in disguise, is reimagined as the darkest, most poisonously unsettling passage in the play. Some of this seems to be sheer perversity, but the real shock. of Sellars' production is how well it works both theatrically and thematically. The racial casting, for instance, is a brilliant way of defusing the play's anti-Semitisrn---turning it into a metaphor for prejudice and materialism in all its forms. Paul Butler is a hardhearted ghetto businessman who, even when he is humiliated at the end, never loses his cool or stoops for pity.' Wrongheaded and tortuous as this Merchant sometimes is, the updating is witty and apt. The "news of the Rialto" becomes fodder for a pair of gossip reporters on a happy-talk TV newscast. Shylock's trial is presided over by a mumbling, superannuated judge who could have stepped right out of Court TV. With a few exceptions--Elaine Tse's overwrought Portia, for instance--the actors strike a nice balance between Shakespeare's poetry and Sellars' stunt driving. For the rest of us, it's a wild ride.16. The passage mainly deals with .A. the staging of Shakespeare's Merchant of VeniceB. Peter Sellars who is an innovative director.C. people's dislike of the newly performed Merchant of VeniceD. The Merchant of Venice adapted by Sellars17. When directing Shakespeare, Sellars usuallyA. cuts the original text shortB. abrid ges the original textC. deletes and changes the original textD. omits some parts of the original text18. Sellars' The Merchant of VeniceA. satisfies the audience's expectationB. is popular with Chicago theatre-goersC. is not favored by the audienceD. is too short in time19. The play isA. relocated in. the teeming, multicultural world of 15th century Venice ItalyB. relocated in the modem world--Venice Beach, California, in1994C. C. transplanted to the teeming, multicultural world of 15th centuryVenice ItalyD. originally located in the modem world--Venice Beach, California20. Which of the following statement is NOT tree?A. The director's interpretation of Shakespeare's work is witty and aptB. The director's reworking of Shakespeare is awkward and meaninglessC. The adapted play, for some people, is a wild rideD. The adapted play is wrongheaded and tortuousText EResearchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the brain's physical deterioration. It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to ner.q9n. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage. "That may seem like bad news," said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. However, he explained, the finding suggests that education allowsm people to withstand more brain-tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down.The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the "reserve" hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain tissue to spare.Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women ages 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal."Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage," Coffey said. "People Lose (on average) 2.5 percent decade starting at adulthood.There is, however, a "remarkable range" of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain-tissue loss throughout adulthood.In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. Themore-educated can withstand greater loss.Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, he greater the cortical shrinkage. Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related o the severity of brain shrinkage. For each year of education from firstgrade on, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain.For example, Coffey's team reported, among subjects of the same sex and similar age and skull size, those with 16 years of education had 8 percent to 10 percent more cerebrospinal fluid compared with those who had four years of schooling. Of course, achieving a particular education level is not the definitive measure of someone's mental capacity. And, said Coffey, education can be "a proxy for many things". More-educated people, he noted, are olden less likely to have habits, such as smoking, that harm overall health. But Coffey said that his team's findings suggest that like the body, the brain benefits from exercise. "The question is whether by continuing to exercise the brain we can forestall the effects of (brain shrinkage)," he said. "My hunch is that we can."According to Coffey, people should strive throughout life to keep their brains alert by exposing themselves to new experiences. Travelling is one way to stimulate the brain, he said; a less adventuresome way is to do crossword puzzles."A hot topic down the road," Coffey said, will be whether education even late in life has a protective effect against mental decline.Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown. In their report, the researchers speculated that in people with more education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to compensate for cortical shrinkage. 21. According to this passage, all of the following factors could not account for cortical shrinkage.A. ageB. educationC. healthD. exercise22. Which of the following statements is true?A. The brain of an adult person shrinks 2.5% every 10 years.B. The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 8 years of education may haveincreased by 17.7 millimeters.C. The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 16 years of education may increase by 10%.D. The brain of an aged person shrinks 5% every 10 years.23. According to Coffey's research, the brain may benefit fromA. runningB. playing chessC. swimmingD. playing football.24. From this passage, we can conclude thatA. education is beneficial to mental development.B. education protects the brain from shrinking.C. education has a protective effect against mental decline.。
高等教育自学考试《日语(二外)》考试大纲
高等教育自学考试《日语（二外）》考试大纲（2009年1月更新，适用于英语、商务英语、英语翻译等专业）一、课程的性质与设置目的《日语（二外）》课是高等教育自学考试商务英语（独立本科段）的专业课程之一。
本课程的教育对象为高等教育自学考试商务英语专业的学生。
目的是通过本课程的学习，培养学生具有初步的听、说、读、写、译的能力，使学生能以日语为工具，获取专业所需要的信息。
同时，通过本课程的学习，充实自己的文化知识，扩大知识面。
二、使用教材《新大学日语简明教程》，林璋，高等教育出版社，2007年版，定价42.00元。
三、教学内容(含重点、难点)第1課発音あ•ア————な•ナ行清音新出単語予備知識一、日本的文字二、日语单词的音调練習第2課発音一、は•ハ————わ•ワ行清音二、拨音新出単語予備知識一、日语的特点二、日语汉字的音读和训读練習発音一、浊音二、半浊音三、促音新出単語予備知識一、日语词汇的来源二、日语单词的写法練習第4課発音一、长音二、拗音、拗长音、拗促音、拗拨音新出単語予備知識词类練習第5課本文これは何ですか会話新出単語文法一、敬体判断句与指定助动词です二、助词类别三、こそあど系词汇練習第6課本文ここは僕のうちだ会話新出単語文法一、简体判断句与指定助动词だ二、存在句与存在动词ある、いる、おる三、并列助词と、终助词ね第7課本文日本と日本人会話新出単語文法一、文章体判断句与指定助动词である二、动词终止形三、动词的自、他分类与宾格助词を四、格助词に、ヘ、から、并列助词や、副助词など五、句子成分(二)練習第8課本文自己紹介会話新出単語文法一、动词按活用分类二、动词连用形与敬体叙述句三、格助词で、まで、提示助词は、も（一）四、时间名词的用法練習第9課本文中国と日本会話新出単語文法一、形容动词和以形容动词作谓语的描写句二、主谓谓语句練習第10課本文日本の季節文法一、形容词和以形容词作谓语的描写句二、格助词より三、数词及其用法練習第11課本文鈴木さんの仕事と生活会話新出単語文法一、敬体助动词ます二、动词连用形的各种用法三、格助词を、副助词くらい、だけ、接续助词が、ので練習第12課本文田舎会話新出単語文法一、五段活用动词的音变二、补助动词いる三、接续助词て、と練習第13課本文夏休み会話新出単語文法一、动词连体形二、形式体言の、こと、もの三、接续助词から、格助词の、并列助词か、提示助词しか、复合助词までに第14課本文いろいろな学生会話新出単語文法一、过去完成助动词た二、样态助动词そうだ三、并列助词たり、し、接续助词ながら、副助词まで四、年、月、日的读法五、惯用型練習第15課本文漢字会話新出単語文法一、动词假定形与接续助词ば二、接续助词けれども、终助词わ三、补助动词みる四、特殊五段活用动词五、惯用型練習第16課本文映画を見る会話新出単語文法一、推量助动词う、よう、らしい二、比况助动词ようだ三、补格助词と、终助词な、副助词か四、惯用型本文一、在宅勤務二、カラオケ教室会話新出単語文法一、动词未然形与否定助动词ない、ぬ二、愿望助动词たい、たがる、传闻助动词そうだ三、接续助词ても、终助词よ四、惯用型練習第18課本文一、声の表情二、みかん会話新出単語文法一、补助动词ある、くる、いく、しまう、おく二、副助词ずつ三、人称代词四、惯用型練習第19課本文一、交通信号二、日記会話新出単語文法一、动词活用总表及动词命令形二、副助词ばかり、ほど、提示助词でも三、推量助动词まい四、惯用型本文一、ありがとう二、道を尋ねる会話新出単語文法一、授受动词及其用法二、补助动词やる、くれる、もらう三、惯用型練習第21課本文一、私の留学生活二、一つの部屋が三つになる会話新出単語文法一、可能语态与可能助动词れる、られる二、接续助词のに三、接尾词すぎる四、惯用型練習第22課本文一、訪問二、田中さんとその秘書会話新出単語文法一、使动语态与使动助动词せる、させる二、并列助词とか、提示助词こそ三、惯用型練習第23課二、お祭り会話新出単語文法一、被动语态与被动助动词れる、られる二、惯用型練習第24課本文一、友だちへの手紙二、日記会話新出単語文法一、敬语二、惯用型練習第25課（復習）本文一、一休さんの話二、金持ちになる薬会話新出単語文法一、助词和助动词归纳二、惯用型模擬テスト（一）第26課本文日本語のあいさつの言葉会話新出単語文法一、句子成分与句子类别二、惯用型練習本文一、今のわたし二、電車に乗る三、万歩計会話新出単語文法一、并列句、主从句和包孕句二、惯用型練習第28課本文一、留守番電話二、カード時代三、宅配便会話新出単語文法一、句子的语气二、惯用型練習第29課本文一、住宅二、高層住宅三、地下生活会話新出単語文法一、句子分析二、提示助词も（二）三、惯用型練習第30課本文一、社員の教育三、私の旅行会話新出単語文法一、文章中的简体句与会话中的简体句二、惯用型三、惯用型知识練習第31課本文一、夏をどう過ごすか二、ガラス会話新出単語文法一、补格助词に（二）二、惯用型三、翻译知识(一)練習第32課本文一、子供の成長二、友だちとの交わりと人の成長会話新出単語文法一、惯用型二、翻译知识（二）練習第33課本文一、物の消費と人間関係の営み二、話し上手は聞き上手会話新出単語二、惯用型三、翻译知识(三)練習第34課本文一、日本的贈り物二、科学の言葉と詩の言葉会話新出単語文法一、接续助词とも、提示助词さえ、终助词い二、惯用型三、翻译知识(四)練習第35課本文電気代節約会話新出単語文法惯用型归纳模擬テスト（二）四、教学媒体与学习方法本课程的教学媒体以文字教材和录音教材为主。
广东省2004年10月自学考试二外日语试题及答案
2004年下半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试第二外语（日语）课程代码（0840）問題一・次の＿＿の言葉はどう読みますか。
1.2.3.4から正しいものを選びなさい。
（5分）1.田中さんは大学の職員です。
①しょいん②しょい③しょくいん④しょくい2.②てづつき③でつづき④でづつき3.①なんかい③なにかい④なにがい4.助詞の使い方は一番複雑です。
①じょうし②じょじ③しょうじ④じょし5.ここはお茶の種類が多いです。
①じゅるい②しゅるい③じゅろい④しゅろい6.今日は何も予定もないよ。
①ようてい②よて③よてい④ようて7.②じゅうぎょう③じゅぎょ④じゅうぎょ8.その辺りは古い神社がたくさんあります。
①じんしゃ②しんじゃ③しんしゃ④じんじゃ9.枕許に教科書がおいてありますね。
①きょかしょ②きょうかしょ③きょうかしょう④きょがしょ10.京都行きの新幹線はどのホームですか。
①しんがんせん②じんかんせん③しんかんせん④しかんせん問題二・次の＿＿の言葉はどう書きますか。
1.2.3.4から正しいものを選びなさい。
（5分）11.①貸②借④敷12.①走②飛④張13.その建物の角を左へ折れると、緑の建物があります。
そこら辺りで、またどなたかに②問③探④訪14.こんしゅうの土曜日は家で休みます。
①来週②先週③更来週④今週15.友達は店できれいなシャツを買いました。
①綺麗な②奇麗な③美麗な④美好な16.鈴木さんとはなしてから部屋で手紙を書きました。
①話し②請し③詰し④語し17.テープレコーダーで英語のただしい発音を聞きます。
①確しい②美しい③正しい④美味しい18.その花瓶はだいじなので、気をつけて選んでください。
①大切②大体③大事④大時19.牛のこどもが生まれました。
①子②赤③子牛④子供20.ほら、そこで写生しているのはしゅうがく旅行の中学生です。
①修学②留学③見学④修理問題三・次の＿＿の言葉はどんな形になりますか。
1.2.3.4から一番言いものを一つ選びなさい。
2019年广东外语外贸大学日语口译考研真题汇总
2019年广东外语外贸大学日语口译考研真题汇总【翻译硕士日语】一、单词汉字选假名5个：投書輔弼否応栄達意図二、语法选择以下每一行的内容均为同一道选择题目的选项。
语法题中规中矩，考了少许惯用句及动词词义辨析，剩下为近义语法的辨析，基本以N2为主。
所以复习准备时一定要打牢基础。
三、阅读理解阅读理解为两篇篇幅略短的文章，各设5道选择题1、第一篇文章大意为如果日本人一起到绿色就想到自然，然后分析原因，因为日本天蓝水清呀，农村的耕地也会让人觉得身处大自然之中呀等等。
①第一题是问文中一句话作者想表达的是什么意思（寻求读者的意见、向读者提出问题还是引起读者的共鸣）考点应该是のではないか与ではないか的意思辨析。
②第二题是将段落中挖了一句，提供5个选项，要求选出可填入空白位置的2处。
③剩下三题，一题是不符合文章描述的内容，还有一题是选出最符合的标题。
2、第二篇文章是说：书都是知识渊博的人所著，很多人阅读时非常吃力。
虽然读书能带来很多收获，但因并非生活必需，会有很多人选择逃避。
另外读书就像偏食一样，每个人有自己的喜好。
如果自己不喜欢的话，纵使努力读完，也不会得到收获，只会疲劳罢了。
不过读书的偏食是可以很好解决的。
先从自己喜欢的简单的开始，伴随积累之后自然也会改变读书口味，及读难书了。
文中挖空了三处接续词，整体来说，阅读理解文章短小，且无复杂词语。
题目全为选择题，中规中矩。
难度远低于N1。
但是40分分值非常重，建议不要放松复习，毕竟出题人的心猜也无法猜，万一像今年的百科一样…四、作文题目：弱者に送る言葉，不少于800字。
作文我是没有发言权的，在宪老师的多次催促下，我也只写过两篇作文。
而且一塌糊涂。
不过因为前面题目简单且题量不大，写作文的时间还是非常充裕的。
一定要理清思路打好草稿再写。
如果报了初心通用课程或专项课程的童鞋，一定要毫不客气地辛苦老师们呀~【日汉翻译基础】一、词汇日译汉二、词汇汉译日1、养老院2、垄断3、互利合作4、马拉松5、电饭煲6、中药7、圣火传递8、扶贫工作9、投标10、加息11、视频30个单词各种类别，并没有单纯考政经。
日本语言广外真题与答案
广外日语语言历年真题1.粘着語靠附着在表示概念意义的词的前面或后面来表示该语言的语法关系，以日语、朝鲜语等为代表。
2.屈折语即靠语言的词性（主要靠词尾？变化来表示该语言的语法关系，以拉丁语为代表的印欧语言大多数都属于屈折语。
3．孤立语即该语言的语法关系既不靠词形变化来表示，也不靠专门表示语法关系的后缀或前缀来表示，而主要是考次序来表示该语言的语法关系，以汉语为典型4．抱合语即该语言把各种语法关系都阻止道一个词里，往往一个词就表示一句话，也就是一句话总以一个词的形式出现，以印第安语为主。
5.汉字属于“表意文字”，一般来讲，是指其字形与发音、含义相结合的文字相结合的文字。
6.ローマ字属于“表音文字”中的“音素文字”，每一个字形与一个音素相对应的文字。
7假名属于“表音文字”中的“音节文字”，是指每一个字形与一个音节相对应的文字。
8.国語学と日本語学二者在本质上都是把日语作为自己的研究对象。
（1）国语学是是指日本日把自己民族的语言按照江户、明治、大正、昭和等时代发展下来的研究成果，特别注重于日语自身的研究。
（2）日本语学是指把日语置身于世界上成百上千的语言中的一种，特别是用研究其他语言的视角，注重导入其他语言的研究成果，以这样的一种态度研究日语。
9.心情形容詞表示主观心情的形容词如恥ずかしい、苦しい、懐かしい等。
一般来讲，现代日语中表示主观心情的形容词只能用来表示说话人的心情。
如果要用于第二人称或第三人称时，只能以疑问的形式、表示过去的形式，或加接尾词“がる”等的形式来表示。
10.イントネーション即“语调”或“语气”，是指与形成社会习惯的声调相对，在句子中临时强调某一部分或某种口气的阴阳顿挫。
根据语调和语气的不同，同一个形式的句子又可以表示不同的意思，或加进许多丰富的感情色彩。
11.現代日本語の形式体言とは何か。
述べなさい。
日语名词（体言）中，还有一些只在语法上起名词性的作用，而不表示具体事物的实际意义，这样的名词称为“形式名词”。
广外日本文化历年自考试题
广外自考日语本科历年试题1.日语写作廣外日語寫作就一篇作文,我考的時候是好像是要求寫一篇討論確定經銷商的會議記錄,要求要用到記述手法,條理必須清晰明確,而且必須清楚注明會議時間,地點,人員.討論主題,發言記錄,會議決議,決議執行等,大概就是這樣的內容20XX年10月次の内容や情報に基づいて、800字～1000字の作文を書きなさい（100点）「環境問題」について考えたことがありますか「環境問題」とは何か、またその「問題」を解決するためにはどうすればよいかなど、自分の考えをいくつかの実例を挙げながら、まとまった作文を書きなさい。
注意：1.自分でテーマをつけること。
2.漢字を使うべきところは漢字を使うこと。
3.句読点を入れること。
2. 日语语言学一、例を挙げて、次の説明をしなさい。
（5*8＝40分）１、イントネーション：２、形態素：３、ローマ字：４、国語学と日本語言学：５、形式体言：二、（6*10＝60分）１、言語の分類について簡単に述べなさい。
２、日本語の表記の特徴について簡単に述べなさい。
３、日本語の象徴語について簡単に述べなさい。
４、日本語における方言形成の原因および区分の基準は何か、簡単に述べなさい。
５、現代日本語の助詞について簡単に述べなさい。
６、日本語の標準語の母音について簡単に述べなさい3. 日語翻譯:題型: 1.把一篇文章翻譯為中文(50分)2.中译日：共5句短句(50分)4. 日本文学选读文学选读全部都是选择题~，教材不是网上指定教材的，买那本书《日本文学史》，日本人编的。
考试内容80%左右都是那里的，只要看近世部分和近代部分就好了。
书上的文章不要看，都是考哪个作家属于什么流派之类的，和阅读水平没关系。
出版社好像是第一学习社。
<日本文学史>李光泽，卜庆霞~大连理工大学出版社~定价15元。
文学选读靠那本指定教材是过不了的,估计也就在20分左右(实际上只有前面的几页有用)李光泽编写的我也买了但内容是完全不够的新编也是大连出的，紫色封面的，，另外日本文学简史也可以，灰色封面的5. 日本文化20XX年10月日本文化一是名词解释共20分铜镜遣唐使古文辞学派(还有一个记不起来了)二是简答题每题15分いわゆる三種の神器どのようにできたのか鎌倉の仏教はどんな特徴がありますか鎖国令の目的は何ですか南蛮文化は日本にどんな影響がありますか三是论述题20分町人文化の形成された背景は何ですか20XX年10月日本文化名词解释每题5分共20分铜铎大化改新古義学派摄关政治简述题每题15分共60分关于日本人的起源至今有几种主要的说法国风文化的特点勘合贸易对中日两国带来影响是什么近世的实施禁教政策的背景是什么论述题20分支撑近世的庶民文化的条件是什么20XX年1月日本社会文化一、次の言葉を説明しなさい。
广东省2002年10月自学考试二外日语试题及答案
2002年下半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试第二外语（日语）课程代码（0840）問題一・次の＿＿の言葉はどう読みますか。
1.2.3.4から正しいものを選びなさい。
（5分）1. 病気になった父は薬をたくさんを飲みました。
①びょき②ひょうき③びょうき④びょうけ2. 月があかるくて。
そらに星がいっぱい出ています。
①つき②げつ③づき④がつ3. 毎日自転車で大学へ行きます。
①じてんしゃ②ちてんしゃ③じどうしゃ④ちどうしゃ4. 川で魚を取りました。
①こめ②さかな③にく④やさい5. 仕事があるから、急いで帰らなければなりません。
①さわ②いそ③およ④はや6. 駅まで十分くらいかかります。
①まえ②そば③えき④いき7. あのみせは安いし、店員も親切です。
①おお②たか③ひろ④やす8. 公園の花はみんなきれいに咲きました。
①こうえん②こうばん③かいだん④かいがん9. 窓を開けて、鳥の声が聞こえます。
①う②あ③か④つ10. 歴史を研究するためにこの大学に入りました。
①けんきょう②けんぎょう③げんきょう④けんきゅう問題二・次の＿＿の言葉はどう書きますか。
1.2.3.4から正しいものを選びなさい。
（5分）11. 東京にすんでいる弟から手紙が来ました。
①柱②住③往④注12. 急に風が吹いてそらがくらくなりました。
①宇②空③室④宙13. しょくじの前に手をあらってください。
①食事②食自③食字④食室14. 会のばしょは知っていますか。
①場合②所場③場近④場所15. あの人はアメリカの経済についてよくしっています。
①加②如③和④知16. この近くの喫茶店でコーヒーをのみましょう。
①食②飯③飲④飽17. この教室はあかるくて広いので、学生たちはよく来ます。
①明②早③赤④軽18. 困っている友達にお金をかりました。
①借②変③貸④渡19. 奈良をけんぶつしたとき、写真をたくさん撮りました。
①見聞②見物③言聞④言物20. 友達にインターネットのやり方をおしえてもらいます。