翻译课程 第8讲 正说反译和反说正译
正说反译-反说正译
“It + be + adj. + noun + that…”句式的反面着笔 译法： (17) It is a wise father that knows his own child. 聪明的父亲也未必了解他自己的孩子。 (18) It is an ill wind that blows nobody good. 坏事未必对人人都有害处。 (19) It is a good workman that never blunders. 智者千虑必有一失。 (20) It is a long lane that has no turning. 凡事总有变化，还会永远不变。
(1) I couldn’t agree more. (2) You couldn’t be better off, could you? (3) Nothing is farther from the truth. (4) I can hardly imagine two men less capable of getting on together. (5) I was weighed down with grief; my friend’s books offered little release, less escape. (6) He could not care less about money.
(6) They didn’t praise him in the slightest. (7) I’m afraid not. (8) I don’t know how often I haven’t warned you. (9) His speech leaves much to be desired. (10) No news is good news.
正说反译
But you see, we both cannot go.
但是我要告诉你，我们俩不能同时都 但是我要告诉你，我们俩不能同时都走。 不能同时
（5）for all one care / know ） You may leave at once for all I care. 你尽可立即离开，我才不管呢。 你尽可立即离开，我才不管呢。 （6）It be + adj. + noun. + that… ） It is a long lane that has no end. 路必有弯。（凡事总会有变化，不会永远不变） 路必有弯。（凡事总会有变化，不会永远不变） 。（凡事总会有变化 It is an ill wind that blows nobody good. 坏事未必对人人都有害处。 坏事未必对人人都有害处。
定义： 定义： Negation作为一种翻译技巧，它主要是指在翻译实践中，为了 作为一种翻译技巧， 作为一种翻译技巧 它主要是指在翻译实践中， 使译文忠实而合乎语言习惯地传达原文的意思， 使译文忠实而合乎语言习惯地传达原文的意思，有时必须把原文 中的肯定说法变成译文中的否定的说法， 中的肯定说法变成译文中的否定的说法，或把原文中的否定说法 变成译文中的肯定说法。因此，在译文技巧中的negation译成 变成译文中的肯定说法。因此，在译文技巧中的 译成 正说反译，反说正译” “正说反译，反说正译”。
• 4）这家机构因公正在国际上享有声誉。 这家机构因公正在国际上享有声誉。 公正在国际上享有声誉 • The agency enjoys an international impartiality．（名词） ．（名词 reputation for impartiality．（名词） • 5）她光着脚走进了房间。 光着脚走进了房间 走进了房间。 • She came into the room with no shoes on．（介词短语） ．（介词短语 on．（介词短语） • 6）尼克松是个彻底的现实主义者。 尼克松是个彻底的现实主义者。 彻底的现实主义者 • Nixon was nothing if not a realist．（短语） ．（短语 realist．（短语）
正说反译反说正译法
• 那些革命者当时受到拷打，不准阅读任何书 刊..
• The window refuses to open.
single family, was solved quickly by the collective. • 个别家庭无力解决的这个问题，通过集体能迅速得到解决。
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正说反译法（介词）
• There is nothing in this shop above $5. • 这家商店卖的东西价钱都不超过5美圆。 • Leifeng’s noble deeds are above all praise • 雷锋的高尚事迹令人赞扬不尽。 • He is above meanness and deceit. • 他不至于做卑鄙和欺骗人的事情。 • Her behaviour was above suspicion. • 她的品行不容怀疑、
• 由于看不到、也不去分析语言问题与非语言问题 之间的相互关系，产生了两大不足
• This failure was the making of him.
• 这次不成功是他成功的基础。
• The government第’16s页/f共a38i页lure to carr y out
• Tom will be in charge of the office during my absence. • 我不在的时候，办公室由汤姆负责。 • Why does he say nothing about the total absence from his list
8英语翻译之正反译
反说正译法（介词短语）
The child can walk without any help now. 这小孩现在完全能自己走路了。 She came into the room with no shoes on. 她光着脚走进了房间。 The train coming from Moscow will arrive in no time. 来自莫斯科的火车很快就会到达。 Students, with no exception, are to have physical examinations. 今天下午学生统统要进行体检。
She
felt miserable.
她感到心里不舒服。
His key was lost.
他的钥匙不见了。
正说反译法（名词）
This district was in a state of neglect. 这个地方处于无人管理状态。 There is lack of water supply here. 这里供水不足。 He did it just out of ignorance. 他做了此事只是出于无知。
练一练：
8. Would you please undress your overcoat before going in to the room? 请你进房间之前脱掉外衣。 9. Did the child displease you? 孩子让你生气了吗？ 10. Appearance are deceptive. 外表是靠不住的。
正说反译、反说正译法
1、反说正译法（动词） 2、反说正译法（形容词） 3、反说正译法（副词） 4、反说正译法（名词） 5、反说正译法（介词短语）
反说正译法（形容词）
(八)正说反译／反说正
2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
be free from anxiety; no rare occurrence; beyond dispute/controversy; beyond sb’s reach/grasp;
Translate the following sentences(2):
肯定式 居然 波折 乱发 冷酷的心 正说式转换 to one’s surprise frustration on the way ragged hair stony heart 反说式转换 unexpectedly unwelcome turns of events uncombed hair remorseless heart
Verbs: fail, lack, miss, ignore, refuse, withhold, refrain (from), neglect, deny, overlook, exclude; Nouns: absence, failure, refusal, ignorance, neglect, exclusion; Adjectives and phrases: few, little, free from, far from, safe from, short of; Prepositions and phrases: without, above, except, beyond, instead of, in place of, out of; Adverbs and phrases: hardly, rarely, scarcely, seldom, barely, little, otherwise, too..to; Conjunctions: unless, until (till), (rather) than, or; etc.
句子翻译正说反译反说正译
proposal with dignity.
正说反译
(一)汉、英两种语言的表达习惯不 同。
• 我很快就可以回老家了。
• It will not be long before I go back to my hometown.
(二)语气的需要。 • 有失才有得。
• You can’t make an omelet without breaking eggs．
正说与反说
• 但是由于汉英两种语言表达习惯 不同，在很多情况下会出现正说 反译，反说正译的情况。
• 我完全同意。 • I can't agree with you more. • 你们大错特错了。 • You couldn't be more mistaken.
正说与反说
• 油漆未干！ • Wet paint! • 不好意思！ • I‘m sorry. • 外表往往是靠不住的。 • Appearances are often deceptive. • 美国不失体面地接受了这项和平方案。 • The U.S.A accepted the peace
他上火车站去接他的朋友，可是未 能在人群中见到他。
He went to the station to meet his friend, but he missed him in the crowd.
正说反译和反说正译
8. 正说反译和反说正译正说反译正说反译和反说正译的实质是从逻辑上改换说法。
由于语言所反映的心理因素和不同语言的情调往往要求译者改换说法。
英汉互译中，为了达到功能对等，增强语言交际效果，常常采用这两种技巧We will live up to what our parents expect of us.我们不能辜负父母的期望。
If you forward the transcripts yourself, they can be considered official only if the school envelope has remained sealed.如果本人递交证件，则本人不得擅自拆封，否则证件将被视为无效。
如果自己提交档案，学校的密封信封必须加盖公章、完好无损，否则无效。
Private! 闲人免进！Keep upright! 切勿倒置！Wet paint! 油漆未干！Urban clearway! 市区通道，不准停车！Inflammables—keep away from fire. 易燃物品，切勿近火！I prefer the red one to the black one. 我要红的，不要黑的。
The news of the assassination of President Lincoln spread like wildfire.林肯总统遭到暗杀的消息不胫而走。
The plan cracked up through a bad landing.飞机因着陆不当而撞毁。
Fully clothed, he fell across his bunk and was instantly sleep.他不脱衣服，往床上一躺就睡着了。
I have fallen behind with my correspondence.我没有及时回复信函。
Sleeping too long is a lame excuse for being late.睡眠过久不利于健康。
翻译课正反译法
2 按内涵意义译
( Translation Based on Essential Expressions)
2. 1肯定译否定，h altitude snow and ice remain all the year.
【译文】海拔高的地方，冰雪常年不化。 例2：The explanation is pretty thin. 【译文】这个解释很不详细。
【译文】在波兰这里，人们真不懂得怎么吃。老 是鸡汤面条、面条鸡汤。面条算什么饭—— 一碗水，只胀大了肚皮。
例4：No man can have too much knowledge and practice.
【译文】知识和实践越多越好。 例5：That’s not a man that lives who does
例3：Keep off the grass. 【译文】请勿踏草坪。 例4： She refrained from laughing. 【译文】她忍住没有笑。 例5：The thick carpet killed the sound of my
footsteps. 【译文】我走在厚厚的地毯上一点儿声音也没有。
例如“Wet paint”译作“油漆未干”，不可能译 成“湿的油漆”；“Leave my papers alone.” 译作“别动我的文稿”而不是“把我的论文单独 放”；“For business only.”不是“只为工作” 而是“闲人免进”；“I hear everything.”若 译作“我听见每件事”似乎是老外在讲汉语，而 地道的汉语应反译为“什么都瞒不过我”。
英语中这类否定大多是用否定词来表示。否定词 覆盖面很广，包括名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、 介词、连词等。其否定形式复杂多样，除了使用否定 词外，还大量使用否定词缀，如“dis-, il-, in-, im-, ir-, non-, un-, anti-, -less, under-”等；形式肯定意 义否定的动词如 “avoid, ban, call off, cancel,
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翻译课程第8讲正说反译和反说正译广西师范学院《英汉互译（一）》课程教案编号: 15-8 开课单位：外语系授课教研室：翻译写作课程名称：《英汉互译（一）》授课教师：唐旭光教材：《新编英汉互译教程》，授课对象：06级英语专业2、3、5班《英汉互译（一）》第八讲正说反译与反说正译（Conversion Between Positive and Negative Expressions）17. He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.他提醒了我，要不然我就会把这事忘了。
7. 原文中的介词在译文里从反面表达18. The book is beyond the knowledge of a five-year-old child.这本书五岁孩子读不懂。
19. I am embarrassed to write of “God’s presence”. God is off my beat.我决不会就“上帝的存在”挥笔撰文，上帝不属于我工作的范围。
20. Child-development experts warn parents against placing unreasonable expectations on school-age children.儿童成长专家警告说，家长不要对学龄儿童寄予不合理的期望。
21. How delightful it would be, I thought, to have months of clean snow and a landscape sparkling with frost instead of innumerable gray featureless days of rain and raw winds.我想，如果我们这里经常是个冰雪积月、霜华璀璨的景色，而不是像现在这种苦雨凄风永无尽期的阴沉而乏特色的日子，那该会多么令人喜悦啊！22. His behavior is above praise.他的行为不止是值得称赞的。
8. 原文中的连词或关联词在译文从反面表达23. Before he arrived at the bus stop, the touring party was gone.他还没到公车站，旅行团就出发了。
24. Until we are intelligible as to its laws and varieties, the main complicating facts of human life must remain unintelligible.我们不懂得风俗所起作用的规律和它的种种表现，也必然不会理解人类生活中那些越来越复杂的主要方面。
25. He ( Kant ) had a crooked nose, but a fine brow and his color was fresh.他（康德）生就一个鹰勾鼻子，不过眉目还算清秀，气色也不错。
26. Peter will fail in the exam again unless he concentrates on his study.如果彼得不用心学习，他考试还会不及格。
9. 原文中正说的词组在译文里从反面表达27. Pakistan has castigated the U.N. Security Council for washing its hands of the volatile situation in Kashmir.巴基斯坦严厉批评联合国安理会对克什米尔爆炸性局势撒手不管。
28. The President charged head down at the bill introduced by the opposition, with the result that it had to be put on ice.总统不顾一切地抨击反对党提出的议案，结果使它被搁置。
29. She has an incisive manner of speaking, happily free from ums and ers, and, perhaps, a tribute to the elocution lessons she took while still a young girl.她说话锋利尖锐，好在没有哼哼哈哈的拖腔，或许这应归功于她少女时代所上的演讲课的训练。
30. Far from benefiting consumers, alliances and mergers between firms may give them undue influence over the market.公司联手、合并远远不能给顾客带来实惠，反而可能使这些公司对市场拥有不适当的影响力。
31. But for her the race of the world would have trampled him underfoot, a squashed boneless snail.要不是有她，他早就被你争我夺的社会踩在脚下变成一摊稀烂的蜗牛泥了。
10. 原文中正说的词组在译文里从反面表达32. This is at odds with astronomical data.这与天文资料记载不符。
11. 原文中正说的句子在译文里从反面表达33. The problem is too complicated for us common people to solve it.这个问题太复杂了，我们常人根本无法解决它。
34. Third World countries have been losing everything.第三世界国家逐渐变得一无所有。
35. A gentleman is, rather than does.绅士生而是之，并非学而为之。
36. “ Oh! My dear Mr. Bennet,”said she as she entered the room, “ We have hada most delightful evening, a most excellent ball. I wish you had been there.”“噢！我的好老爷，”她一走进房间就这么说，“我们这一个晚上过的太快活了，舞会太好了。
你没有去真可惜。
”37. Great is the art of beginning, greater is the art of ending.善始固然不易，善终尤为难得。
12. 原文中正说的句子在译文里从反面表达38. This would be the last place the colonialists would leave, for in it lay riches and natural resources.这是殖民者最不愿离开的地方，因为这里蕴藏着财富和自然资源。
39. We breathe but the air of books.书香仿佛空气，无处不在。
二、反说正译1. IntroductionIn many cases nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and prepositions in their negative forms are put into their positive forms in the version so that the version becomes quite idiomatic and very faithful. Plenty of examples are provided to confirm this translation technique.2. 原文中反说的动词在译文中从正面表达40. South America has unshackled its trade, restructured its rickety banks and tightened its fiscal belt.南美洲开放了贸易，整顿了自己摇摇欲坠的银行，紧缩了财政开支。
41. The most nonsensical notion, the most causal slip of the tongue, the most fantastic dream, must have a meaning and can be used to unriddle the often incomprehensible maneuvers we call thinking.最不理智的想法，最不经意的失言，最荒诞的梦境也必有意义，它们还可以用来解释被我们称作思维的通常不可理解的活动。
42. Secrets, silent, strong sit in the dark palaces of both our hearts: secrets weary of their tyranny: tyrants, willing to be dethroned.我们两人心灵深处的黑殿里，都盘踞着沉默不语、纹丝不动的秘密，这些秘密已经倦于自己的专横统治，是情愿被人赶下去的暴君。
43. “ Don’t unstring your shoes, Rooby,” she said.她说：“把鞋带系上，罗比。
”44. They are soft, good-natured, and easy-going. They never deny their children any wish, and cheerfully run to buy anything their children ask for.他们性情温柔，心地善良，宽容随和。
他们往往迁就孩子，总是满心欢喜地跑去买孩子要求的任何东西。
3. 原文中反说的名词在译文中从正面表达45. He was thrown into unemployment when the factory closed, and now he is living on the unemployment compensation.工厂关闭后他就失业了，现在他靠失业救济金度日。
46. In general, she could accept the family life in all its crowded inadequacy.在通常情况下，她还是能够忍受她那拥挤寒碜的家庭生活47. The government has worked out new plans for disarmament.政府制定出了裁军的新方案。