Bosch的8D教材

D 8
Final meeting and conclusion
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Problem Solving Process
D1: Creation of Problem Solving Team
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DDDDDDD
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Task Action
Select team members
Members with appropriate skills are nominated based on the problem description
The method was expanded to include 6-D, 8-D, 12-D and 14-D For normal application, the 8-D method proved the most logical Nowadays, the 14-D method is applied internally within Ford for severe
Precise problem description
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Problem Solving Process
D3: Containment Actions
DD
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DDDDD
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Task Determine the most suitable containment actions
Containment action must be taken to safeguard the situation, in order to prevent a recurrence of the problem at the customer
A schedule for implementing the containment actions must be developed and the effectiveness of these actions must be assessed
Target Instant information and support to the customer and implementation of containment actions as quickly as possible
Product
Problem
Result
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Problem Solving Process
... Problems Must be Solved
Goal achieved: Problems solved
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Improve Problem solving process
By the end of the 1980s, the 8-D method had been adopted by most of the European car manufacturers and system suppliers.
Today, the 8-D method is the most well-known and most widely used problem solving technique in the world.
A team leader and a mentor are appointed
Target
Confirmation of the team structure and assignment of responsibilities among the team members
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Problem Solving Process
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Problem Solving Process
What is a Problem?
Problem
Deviation from target
Performance
target
from the beginning
actual Time
target
actual gradually after some time
D2: Problem Description
Task Action Target
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D2
DDDDDD
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Collect Information, data, facts and figures
Describe the problem (defect/deviation) as accurately as possible giving quantitative details
(Current situation)
} Describe deviation (problem) on the basis of facts
All problem solving team members must have a clear and fact based understanding of the problem
Target not met: Problems become evident
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Input
Problem solving process
Product realization
Processes
Product Planning
Production
Quality
• Do: Problem description • Do: Containment actions • Do: Root cause analysis • Do: Corrective actions
At the beginning of the 1970s, this method was adopted by Ford and, shortly after, as well by other car manblem Solving Process
8-D History (cont'd)
At the end of the 1970s, application of the problem solving method was intensified at Ford, Ford's subsidiaries and its suppliers:
Time
Performance
Performance
target actual
gradually from the start Time
target
suddenly
actual Time
Performance
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Problem Solving Process
PSPro and the 8-D Method
Today, this worldwide recognized problem solving method is applied as automotive industry standard and beyond
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Problem Solving Process
8-D History
At the end of the 1960s, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in the USA developed the 4-D method. The method consisted of four "Dos":
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Answer the questions below
Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? How often?
Past
(Target situation)
The cause of the deviation is unknown at first
Present
Problem
Action
Containment actions therefore serve only as a safeguard and often bear no relation to the cause of the problem
Cost considerations should play little or no part in the initial response
recall actions
In 1981, the 8-D method was declared as global standard for Ford and all its suppliers. Only a few years later, the entire US automotive industry followed suit.