关系代名词的笔记
关系代名词是主格关系代名词是受格关系代名词是主格解读
關係代名詞Class____ No____ Name________________ 一、先行詞是人關係代名詞是主格1. The man who has white hair is Tom. (形容詞子句) = The man that has white hair is Tom.= The man having white hair is Tom. (分詞片語)= The man with white hair is Tom. (介系詞片語)2. The person who is wearing a white shirt is Tom.= The person wearing a white shirt is Tom.= The person who is dressed in a white shirt is Tom. = The person dressed in a white shirt is Tom.=The person in a white shirt is Tom.(The person who wears a white shirt is Tom.)關係代名詞是受格3. The girl whom Tom loves is Mary.= The girl who Tom loves is Mary.= The girl that Tom loves is Mary.= The girl ×Tom loves is Mary.4. The man whom I work with is Tom.= The man who I work with is Tom.= The man that I work with is Tom.= The man ×I work with is Tom.= The man with whom I work is Tom.關係代名詞是所有格5. The girl whose eyes are big is Mary.二、先行詞是事物關係代名詞是主格1. The house which has four rooms is Tom’s.= The house that has four rooms is Tom’s.= The house having four rooms is Tom’s.= The house with four rooms is Tom’s.關係代名詞是受格2. The house which Tom bought yesterday is very nice. = The house that Tom bought yesterday is very nice. = The house ×Tom bought yesterday is very nice.3. The house which Tom lives in is very nice.= The house that Tom lives in is very nice.= The house ×Tom lives in is very nice.= The house in which Tom lives is very nice.The house where Tom lives is very nice. 4. I know the music which you are listening to.= I know the music that you are listening to.= I know the music ×you are listening to.= I know the music to which you are listening.5. The house whose door is red is Tom’s.= The house the door of which is red is Tom’s.6.Take what you need. (沒有先行詞時)= Take all the things that you need.= Take all that you need.=Take the thing(s) which You need.=Take the thing(s) that you need.=Take the thing(s) ×you need.三、只用thatA. 先行詞前有all, no, every, any, the only, the very, the same 時1.Tom is the only man that can do it.2.Tom is the same man that made the speech yesterday.3.All the students that came to school yesterday arehere.4.He is the very person that I want to meet.B. 先行詞前有最高級形容詞1.Tom is the last student that came to school today.2.Mary is the most beautiful girl that everyone envies.3.This is the best novel that I have ever read.C. 先行詞是人＋事務I saw Tom and his dog that were walking in the park.D. 疑問句開頭是who, which what時Who is the girl that wears glasses?四、不可用that1.先行詞是people, those時Heaven helps those who help themselves.2.介詞之後This is the house in which Tom lives.3.非限定用法My elder brother, who is in America, will come backto Taiwan tomorrow.I, who am your friend, will help you.。
谢孟媛英语初级语法41-60讲义笔记
谢孟媛英文初级文法第41集笔记2不使用by 的被动语态为（人）…….所知be known to例如1. Mr Jackson is known to people in this town。
这个街上的人都知道Mr. Jackson.以……闻名be known for-特色例如2. Taipei is known for its good foods。
台北以它的美食而闻名。
以……闻名B e K nown as –身份例如3.She is known as a successful singer。
她身为一名歌手而成名。
K nown可以换成famus例如4. Those mountains are covered with snow . 那些山覆盖着白雪。
B eC overed with 被什么覆盖例如5. They were caught in a shower during the barbecue .他们烤肉时被一阵雨淋了。
B e caught in a shower. 被一阵雨淋了。
例如6。
S hoes are made of leather. 皮鞋是皮子做的。
成品原料-----物理变化用M ade of 由……制成例如7. Bread is made from flour 。
面包是面粉做的成品原料------有化学的变化用Made from由……制成表示情绪和感情的被动语态也不能用byI nterested 兴趣 in (be interested in )S urprised 惊奇 at ( 有方向性的要用at)Satisfied 满意 withI mpressed 印象 with ＋事物例如人＋bevPleased愉快 withE xcited 兴奋 about 记忆口诀兴奋给一个拥抱。
W orried 担心 about3授予动词的被动语态。
授予动词的主动授予V＋ O（人）＋O（物）O（物）＋介词＋O（人）注意该被动语态时受词一次只能拿一个做变化。
谢孟媛英语初级语法笔记43-51集
谢孟媛英语初级语法笔记43-51集Unit 4 关系代名词关系代名词的功⽤........连接词+代名词例如1. I have a friend. The friend lives in paris. 我有位朋友，这个朋友住在巴黎。
I have a friend and he lives in paris. ⽤and 连接I have a friend who lives in paris. Who 不是谁的意思，是关系代名词。
住在巴黎的朋友英⽂是 a friend who lives in paris(这是形容词⼦句)语⾔顺序为先⾏词＋关系代名词，但也有下列句⼦。
例如1. There was an old man in the apartment who was very rich. 那个公寓⾥过去住着⼀位⾮常富有的⽼⼈。
也可以这样说There was an old rich man in the apartment .例如2. I met two girls, one of whom is my cousin. 我遇见两个⼥孩，其中⼀个是我的表妹。
⼝语中常⽤who 也可以I met two girls and one of them is my cousin.所有格加名词。
动词的后⾯是受格，介系词后加受格。
⼈称代名词受格位置在后⾯；关系代名词受格位置在前⾯。
格例句主格＋动词the man who talked to me. 该男⼦和我说话所有格＋名词the man whose car was stolen. 该男⼦的车被偷了受格＋主词＋动词the man whom/who I met. 我所会见的⼈(⼝语中常⽤who)主格的关系代名词1. 主格Who-----先⾏词（⼈）＋主格关系代名词Who＋动词例如1. The man is my father.The man(重复不要) wears sunglasses. 把这两句合并⼀句The man who(做主词，做连接词) wears sunglasses is my father.带太阳镜的那个⼈是我的⽗亲修饰名词形容词⼦句例如2. I don’t like people.They get out of temper easily. 这两句合并⼀句。
英文文法之关系代名词
英文文法之關係代名詞◎兼具代名詞與連接詞之作用的代名詞就叫做關係代名詞。
其形態如下＝＝＝＝＝＝先行詞為？主格所有格受格人who whose whom人以外之動物、事物which whose（of which）which人、動物、事物that －－－that◎應注意事項1.關係代名詞具有代名詞與連接詞的作用。
Ex：I know the man＋he came yesterday.＝I know the man who came yesterday.2.先行詞：關係代名詞所代表的名詞或代名詞就叫做先行詞。
Ex：She is the girl who wrote the letter. 其中the girl為先行詞，who為關係代名詞。
3.句中該用何種關係代名詞視其先行詞之種類而定。
Ex：the man who came here；the house which belongs to him；the dog that saved her4.關係代名詞所引導的子句叫做關係子句。
a.除了what所引導的關係子句具有名詞子句的性質外，其餘均具形容詞子句之性質。
b.關係子句的位置通常在句子的中間或句尾。
Ex：This is the boy who wants to see you.（who wants to see you 在句尾）The girl whom you saw yesterday is his sister.（whom you saw yesterday在句中）I’ll show you what I bought.（what 所引導的子句為名詞子句）5. 關係代名詞的格須視其在關係子句內的地位而定。
a. 關係代名詞若為關係子句的主詞即用主格。
b.關係代名詞若為關係子句內之動詞或介系詞的受詞即用受格。
Ex：This is the man who wants to see you.（主格）This is the man whom you want to see.（受格）Is this the book which you are looking for?（受格）I have a friend whose father is a teacher.（所有格）6. 關係代名詞的人稱、數、性必須和先行詞一致。
8414_关系代名词形容词子句用法
關係子句最前面，因此受格關係代名詞才被移到前面。
ex: The girl whom〈that/ who / x〉you talked to is my sister.※重點說明〈2〉：介係詞可移到受格關係代名詞之前→先行詞 +介係詞+受格關係代名詞 + 主詞 + be/V.〈受格關代不可省略或用that代替〉 ex: The girl to whom you talk is my sister.3. 先行詞 +所有格關係代名詞 + 名詞+ be/V. + …※重點說明：所有格關係代名詞 + 名詞是關係子句的主詞 〈務必了解句意，判斷清楚〉 ex: The cat whose color is black is very cute.◎注意事項：1.關係代名詞當受格用可省略，餘不可省略2.受格關係代名詞whom可用who或that代替ex: The girl whom you talk to is my sister.= The girl who you talk to is my sister.= The girl that you talk to is my sister.= The girl you talk to is my sister.= The girl to whom you talk is my sister.◎關係代名詞that的特殊用法(一定要用that)1.先行詞前面是最高級形容詞時ex: He is the tallest boy that I have ever seen.2.先行詞是人+物ex: I saw Mary and her dog that were running in the park.3.先行詞前面有序數ex: Cathy is the first girl that came yesterday.4.先行詞前面有all ; no ; every ; any ; the only ; the same ; the veryex: He is the only student that can answer the question.ex: All the girls that can answer the question can get candies.5.疑問句以Who ; Which ; What為首的問句 (避免重複 )ex: Who is the girl that has long hair?◎關係代名詞that的特殊用法(一定不能用that)1.介系詞之後ex: Do you know the man to whom John spoke yesterday?2.逗點之後ex: I like the house, which is big and new.◎關係代名詞的限定用法（關係代名詞與先行詞之間無逗點）→ 不只一個ex: I have a brother who lives in Taipei.不只一個哥哥◎關係代名詞的補述用法【非限定】（關係代名詞與先行詞之間有逗點）→表唯一ex: I have a brother, who lives in Taipei.只有一個哥哥3.不能代替所有格◎關係副詞where ; what的用法1. where表地方,=in whichex: This is the house where John lives.= This is the house in which John lives.= This is the house which John lives in.= This is the house John lives in.2. what為不須先行詞之複合關係代名詞 =the thing(s) whichex: I believe what you said. = I believe the thing(s) which you said.e x: She bought what she needed last night.=She bought the things which she needed last night.◎關係代名詞--關係副詞補充關係副詞=先行詞+關係代名詞（有先行詞的是形容詞子句，無先行詞的是名詞子句） what = the thing(s) + which ; where = the place in which ;w hen = the time when ;why = the reason why ; how = the wayex: What is expensive is not always good.ex: This is where he lives.e x: This is the place where he was born.ex: I don't know when the game will start.= I don't know the time when the game will start.ex: This is why he can't come. = This is the reason why he can't come.ex: Tell me how they won the game. = Tell me the way they won the game.(how與the way不能同時出現)◎關係代名詞--分詞片語補充 先行詞+介系詞…或 V-ing … 或 p.p. …1介系詞 + … 〈in穿；戴 / with有〉ex: The girl who has long hair is Mike’s girlfriend.= The boy with long hair is Mike’s girlfriend.形容詞片語分為三種： 2V-ing + … 〈主動〉ex: The boy who is writing in the room likes listening to music.= The boy writing in the room likes listening to music.3p.p. + … 〈被動〉ex: The name which is written on the seat is not clear enough.= The name written on the seat is not clear enough.II. 形容詞子句（Adjective Clause）◎ 在句子裡，相當形容詞作用的子句，稱為「形容詞子句」。
第十一章关系词(54-60)详解
第十一章关系词（54-60）第一节：关系代名词的种类和格第二节：关系代名词的用法第三节：限定用法和非限定用法第四节：关系副词第五节：复合关系词第六节：关系形容词及as, but, than★关係词★〈第54卷〉关係代名词的种类和格、关係代名词的用法(1) 一、关系代名词的种类和格如何查找形容词子句：1.关代前面画括号；2.从句尾向前找到第一个动词前面画括号；3.看看括号外面是不是一个完整的句子。
The student [whose mother died yesterday] is absent today.二、关系代名词的用法先行词主格+ V 所有格+ N 受格+ S + V + (介)人Who Whose Whom先行词主格+ V 所有格+ N 受格+ S + V + (介)Which事物、动物Which WhoseOf which先行词主格+ V 所有格+ N 受格+ S + V + (介)人、事物、动物That Whose That善于关系词可以让句子缩短，关系词的用法就是这样的巧妙。
关系代名词 => 连接词 + 代名词代课老师，当你导师不在的时候就需要一个代替老师，身份一样才能代替。
关系代名词的功能就是避免名词一再重复地出现，同时它还是连接词，可以连接两个主词，两个动词，两个子句。
We met a man. The man directed us to the factory.两句话，两个主词，两个动词。
=>We met a man and he directed us to the factory.我们可以用连接词and来连接两个句子，同时避免名词重复用名称代名词he 。
=>We met a man who directed us to the factory.由于连接词+代名词就是关系代名词，and he => who ，这里的who 不是疑问词，它不是在疑问句中。
2019定语从句笔记(关代关副)
定语从句I. 功能: 修饰名词、代词，做定语的成分。
她就是那个拥有世界上最长指甲的人。
She is the woman who has the longest fingernails in the world.II. 概念: 被修饰的名词, 词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词引出。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.先行词关系词练习：判断下列句子是否为定语从句，如果是定语从句，指出先行词和关系词：1) Is he the man who sells eggs?2) She was not on the train which arrived just now.3) She is a natural musician.4) He has fantastic fingernails.III. 分类1. 限制性定语从句例：The winner is the person who can cycle the slowest.2. 非限制性定语从句例：Last Sunday they reached Dalian, where a meeting was to be held.非限制性定语从句特征：定语从句和主句由逗号隔开练习:判断下列各句是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句1) I like the toy which was bought last year.2) This is my sister, who is always careful.3) Don’t talk about the things that are about others.4) We won another gold medal, which is exciting.IV. 关系词关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导______从句；B、代替________；C、在定语从句中担当_____.I) 关系代词1. 人做先行词1) 先行词是人, 做主语：that / who例：A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.先行词关系词（在从句中做主语）2) 先行词是人, 做宾语: that / whom例：I like the students whom I teach.先行词关系词（在从句中做宾语）○注：关系词在限制性定语从句中做宾语时可以省略。
关系代名词及关系副词
關係代名詞及關係副詞 關係代名詞主要有 who, whom, whose, which, that。關係代名詞身兼代名詞與連接詞兩種角色。一方 面它代替先前出現的先行詞(名詞、代名詞或名詞片語)，另一方面它用來引導關係子句，來修飾所替 代的先行詞，形成複句。 文法–形容詞子句 (8) [ 關係副詞 when ] 之前形容詞子句只提到關係代名詞，尚未提到關係副詞。如同關係代名詞，關係副詞也是形容或修飾 一個名詞。以關係副詞引導出來的形容詞子句，也稱為關係子句，它常用到的關係副詞如下：
= You might hear this information from someone not working at IBM. 19) Frank who was caught cheating on the test failed the midterm.
= Frank caught cheating on the test failed the midterm.
Tell me the reason for which you came home late. Tell me (the reason) why you came home late.
關係副詞 why 取代 "for which" 並且連接兩個子句："Tell me (the reason)" 和 "you came home late"。 "the reason"也可以被省略。
= The student giving me a call last night was Frank. 15) This is an exciting story (that is) new to all of us. 16) I saw a man (who is) big and muscular (and is) chopping logs over there. 17) Although he got cured of cancer, he is still a stingy old man (that) he was five years ago. 18) You might hear this information from someone who did not work at IBM.
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Unit 4 关系代名词
关系代名词的功用=连接+代名词
I have a friend.the friend lives in Paris.
I have a friend and he lives in Paris.
I have a friend who lives in Paris.
※国语：住在巴黎的朋友
英语：a friend who lives in Paris. 形容词子句（两个形容词的放在名词后面）
※语顺为先行词+关系代名词，但也有下列句子
There was an old man in the apartment who was very rich.
I met two girls, one of whom is my cousin.
→I met two girls and one of them is my cousin.
关系代名词的种类
※人称代名词：I love him.
I play with him.
※格的用法：
1、主格+动词：the man who talked to me.
2、所有格+名词：the man whose car was stolen.
3、受格+主词+动词：the man whom I met.
主格的关系代名词
1、主格who→先行词（人）+主格关系代词who +动词
（1）The man is my father.
The man wears sunglasses.
→The man who wears sunglasses is my father.
(2) I don’t like people.
They get out of temper easily.
→I don’t like people who get out of temper easily.
2、主格which→先行词（事物、动物）+主格关系代名词
（1）I live in the house.
The house stands on the hill.
→I live in the house which stands on the hill.
(2) English is a language.
It is spoken all over the world.
→English is a language which (that) is spoken all over the world.
3、主格关系代词that →先行词（人/事物/动物）+ 主格关系代词that + 动词
（1）帮忙医生照顾病人的人称为护士。
People who help doctors and look after patients are called nurses.
Patient n 病人；adj 有耐心
（2）我喜欢这栋被吴先生设计出来的大楼。
I like the building which/that was designed by Mr.Wu.(被动的主格)
=l like the building which/that Mr.Wu designed.（主动的受格）
※主格关系代词其后所接的动词，须与先行词一致
1. Tom is one of the boys who/that are fond of sports.
Tom 是这些喜欢运动的男孩之一。
2. I know a child who is good at surfing.
我认识一个很会冲浪的小孩子。
※be good at 精通
3. Adults don’t like children who tell lies.
大人不喜欢说谎的小孩子。