精神病药物 英文介绍

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精神病药物 英文

精神病药物 英文

FDA approval proceses & limitations driven by public’s concerns about safety study population vs. “real world” drug company agenda for approval Indication vs. off-label use and dosing 1982 position report Side-effect listing cause & effect?
Introduction

Choosing a medication



diagnosis benefit vs. side-effects, toxicity, ease of use, drug-drug interactions (, ) medication history, family history luxury of time cross tapering one change at a time response vs. remission the right diagnosis treatment failures

Starting, stopping & changing


Response rate

SSRI antidepressants
SSRI antidepressants
Atypical antidepressants Tricyclic antidepressants MAOI antidepressants Older mood stabilizers Newer mood stabilizers Older antipsychotics Newer antipsychotics Anticholinergics Benzodiazepines Other anxiolytic/hypnotics Stimulants Meds for dementia Meds for substance abuse Psychiatric uses of antihypertensives

精神病学与药物【英文】

精神病学与药物【英文】

Associations between physical and psychiatric disorder.
• Chance association: physical & psychiatric disorders are both common. • Psychological factors as a cause of physical disorder. • Psychiatric complications of physical illness & its treatment ( e.g. heart disease, delirium & dementia ). • Some psychiatric disorders can cause physical symptoms ( e.g. palpitation in an anxiety disorder ). • Physical complications of psychiatric disorder ( e.g. deliberate self- harm, eating disorders ).
Introduction ( cont.)
• Abn-sina, during Abbasian times, was the first to describe the effect of psyche on the body ( what is known as psychosomatic now a day ) in the case of young man who was emaciated because he couldn't marry the girl he loved, by monitoring his pulse while mentioning special places in the town, the pulse, he noticed, increased while approaching the house of his love due to the emotion it stirred. • Al-razi said that doctors must always persuade patients that they would be cured from their sufferings. .‫• على الطبيب أن يوهم المريض edicine

抗精神失常药物

抗精神失常药物

② 烷基侧链的改变
– 母核与侧链氨基之间相隔3个碳原子是基本结 构特征,任何碳链的延长或缩短都将导致作用 减弱或消失
– 侧链末端的碱性基团常为叔胺,可为直链的 二甲胺基,也可为环状的哌嗪基或哌啶基,
2.吩噻嗪类药物的构效关
6 7
8 9

5
S
4
3
10
2
N
1
R2
CH2CH2CH2R1
③ 吩噻嗪母核的改变,产生新结构
R2
N(CH3)2
Cl
作用强度 1
N(CH3)2
COCH3 <1
N
N CH2CH2OH
N(CH3)2
CF3
4
N
N CH2CH2OH
Cl
10
药名
三氟拉嗪 Trifluoperazine 硫乙拉嗪(吐立抗) Thiethylperazine
甲硫达嗪 Thioridazine
哌普嗪 Pipotiazine
• Anti-psychiatric disorders drugs;
• Psychotherapeutic drugs;
• Neuroleptics.
Depres sion
Clinical usage
Anxiety
Classification-1
Antipsychotics
By mechanism Classification
① 吩噻嗪环上取代
– 2-位取代增强活性,1, 3, 4-位取代活性降低
– 2-位取代基的作用强度与其吸电子性能成正 比,顺序 CF3 > Cl > COCH3 > H > OH
– 2-位含硫取代基主要用于止吐。

第二类精神药品处方点评范文

第二类精神药品处方点评范文

第二类精神药品处方点评范文英文回答:Prescription drugs are classified into different categories based on their therapeutic uses and potentialfor abuse. The second class of prescription drugs includes psychotropic medications, which are primarily used to treat mental health disorders. These drugs can have a significant impact on a person's mood, cognition, and behavior. In this essay, I will discuss the various aspects of second-class psychotropic medications and provide examples to illustrate their effects.First and foremost, it is important to understand that psychotropic medications are prescribed by healthcare professionals to alleviate symptoms associated with mental health conditions. For instance, antidepressants are commonly prescribed to individuals suffering from depression. These medications work by balancing the chemicals in the brain, such as serotonin, to improve moodand reduce feelings of sadness or hopelessness. One example of an antidepressant is Prozac, which has been widely used and proven effective in treating depression.In addition to antidepressants, antipsychotic medications are another type of psychotropic drug commonly prescribed. These medications are primarily used to manage symptoms of psychosis, such as hallucinations or delusions. One well-known antipsychotic medication is Risperdal, which is often prescribed to individuals with schizophrenia. Risperdal helps reduce the severity of psychotic symptoms and allows individuals to better function in their daily lives.Moreover, psychotropic medications also include mood stabilizers, which are used to manage mood swings and prevent episodes of mania or depression in individuals with bipolar disorder. Lithium is a commonly prescribed mood stabilizer that has been shown to effectively regulate mood and reduce the frequency and intensity of mood swings. Individuals taking lithium often report feeling more stable and in control of their emotions.Furthermore, it is important to note that while psychotropic medications can be highly beneficial in managing mental health conditions, they also come with potential side effects. These side effects can vary depending on the specific medication and individual factors. For example, common side effects of antidepressants may include nausea, drowsiness, or sexual dysfunction. It is crucial for individuals taking psychotropic medications to closely monitor their symptoms and communicate any concerns with their healthcare provider.In conclusion, second-class psychotropic medications play a crucial role in the treatment of mental health disorders. They can effectively alleviate symptoms and improve the overall well-being of individuals withconditions such as depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. However, it is important to carefully considerthe potential side effects and work closely with healthcare professionals to find the most suitable medication and dosage. By doing so, individuals can achieve better mental health and lead fulfilling lives.中文回答:精神药物根据其治疗用途和滥用潜力被划分为不同的类别。

28精神科药品说明书-哈力多注射液

28精神科药品说明书-哈力多注射液

【药品名称】通用名:癸酸氟哌啶醇注射液商品名:哈力多英文名:Haloperidol Decanoate Injection本品主要成份为:癸酸氟哌啶醇其化学名称为:4-(4-氯苯基)-1-[4-(4-氟苯基)-4-氧代丁基]-4-哌啶癸酸酯其结构式为:F OClNOCO(CH2)8CH3分子式:C31H41ClFNO3分子量:530.1【性状】本品为淡黄色澄明的无菌注射液。

【药理学与毒理学】氟哌啶醇的丁酰苯类强力精神抑制剂。

对精神病的阳性症状特别有效,尤其是谵妄和幻觉,而且还能缓解精神运动兴奋。

哈力多具有以下特性:·一次给药可获得长达4周的稳定疗效;·氟哌啶醇可逐渐释放,因此血药浓度曲线呈宽广的平台,没有不规则峰;2~3个月后可获得稳态血药浓度;·从情感退缩的病人身上可观察到社交恢复作用。

【药代动力学】哈力多是氟哌啶醇与癸酸结合形成的酯类化合物,是长效精神抑制剂,无活性的酯从肌肉组织中逐渐释放出来,并经酶催化水解后,游离的氟哌啶醇进入血液。

【适应证】用于精神病的维持治疗。

【用法用量】哈力多用于深部肌内注射。

剂量的个体调整可根据口服氟哌啶醇的日剂量(毫克数)换算。

对轻度到中度精神病状态,常用剂量为每4周50~100毫克及150~200毫克。

对重度病例,通常需要更高剂量(250~300毫克)。

个别病人需要剂量在300毫克以上时,可以加量。

注:哈力多可轻易取代精神抑制剂的鸡尾酒疗法。

【不良反应】与其他精神抑制剂一样(口服或非胃肠道给药),开始治疗时可能引起锥体外系反应,如肌张力增高和震颤(假性帕金森),静坐不能,甚至可能观察到肌肉痉挛。

抗帕金森药可以缓解这些副作用,出现肌肉痉挛时可以注射弱神经松弛剂。

当从现有的精神抑制剂换用哈力多时,只有当哈力多治疗已经达稳态时才能减少抗帕金森药剂量,或停用抗帕金森药:·很少发生过度镇静(嗜睡)。

·与其他精神抑制剂一样,老年患者可能引起呼吸抑制。

药品说明书

药品说明书

药品说明书氟哌啶醇片【药品名称】:氟哌啶醇片【英文名】:Haloperidol Tablets【汉语拼音】:fupaidingqin pian【主要成分】本品主要成分为氟哌啶醇,其化学名称为:1-(4-氟苯基)-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)-4-羟基-1-哌啶基]-1-丁酮。

【分子式】C21H23ClFNO2【分子量】375.87【性状】本品为糖衣片,除去糖衣后显白色。

【药理、毒理】本品属丁酰苯类抗精神病药,抗精神病作用与其阻断脑内多巴胺受体,并可促进脑内多巴胺的转化有关,有很好的抗幻觉妄想和抗兴奋躁动作用,阻断锥体外系多巴胺的作用较强,镇吐作用亦较强,但镇静、阻断α-肾上腺素受体及胆碱受体作用较弱。

【药代动力学】:口服吸收快,血浆蛋白结合率约92%,生物利用度为40%~70%,口服3~6小时血药浓度达峰值,半衰期(t1/2)为21小时。

经肝脏代谢,单剂口服约40%在5日内随尿排出,其中1%为原形药物,活性代谢物为还原氟哌啶醇。

大约15%由胆汁排出,其余由肾排出。

【适应症】:用于急、慢性各型精神分裂症、躁狂症、抽动秽语综合症。

控制兴奋躁动、敌对情绪和攻击行为的效果较好。

因本品心血管系不良反应较少,也可用于脑器质性精神障碍和老年性精神障碍。

【用法与用量】:治疗精神分裂症,口服从小剂量开始,起始剂量一次2~4mg,一日2~3次。

逐渐增加至常用量一日10~40mg,维持剂量一日4~20mg。

治疗抽动秽语综合症,一次1~2mg,一日2~3次。

【不良反应】:1、锥体外系反应较重且常见,急性肌张力障碍在儿童和青少年更易发生,出现明显的扭转痉挛,吞咽困难,静坐不能及类帕金森病。

2、长期大量使用可出现迟发性运动障碍。

3、可出现口干、视物模糊、乏力、便秘、出汗等。

4、可引起血浆中泌乳素浓度增加,可能有关的症状为:溢乳、男子女性化乳房、月经失调、闭经。

5、少数病人可能引起抑郁反应。

6、偶见过敏性皮疹、粒细胞减少及恶性综合征。

20精神科药品说明书-卓菲片

【药品名称】通用名:利培酮片商品名:卓菲®英文名:Risperidone tablets本品主要成份为:利培酮其化学名称为:3-(2-(4-(6-氟-1,2-苯并异恶唑-3-基)-1-哌啶基)乙基)-6,7,8,9-四氢-2-甲基-4H-吡啶并(1,2-a)嘧啶-4-酮其结构式为:NOCH3 N NONF分子式:C23H27FN4O2分子量:410.49【性状】本品为薄膜衣划痕片,除去薄膜衣后显白色或类白色。

【药理毒理】1药理作用利培酮是一种选择性单胺能拮抗剂,5HT2受体、D2受体、α1及α2受体和H1受体亲和力高。

对其它受体亦有拮抗作用,但较弱。

对5HT1c、5HT1D和5HT1A有低到中度的亲和力,对D1及氟哌丁苯敏感的α受体亲和力弱,对M受体或β1及β2受体没有亲和作用。

与其他治疗精神分裂症的药物一样,利培酮治疗精神分裂症的机制尚不清楚,据认为其治疗作用是对D2受体及5HT2受体拮抗联合效应的结果。

对D2及5HT2以外其它受体的拮抗作用可能与利培酮的其它作用有关。

2毒理研究遗传毒性:Ames逆向突变试验、小鼠淋巴细胞畸变试验、体外大鼠肝细胞DNA修复试验、小鼠体内微核试验、果蝇性别相关隐性致死试验、人淋巴细胞或中国仓鼠细胞染色体畸变试验均未发现利培酮有潜在致突变性。

生殖毒性:在Wistar大鼠的生殖毒性研究中,利培酮0.16~5mg/kg(以mg/m2计,为人最大推荐剂量的0.16~4.9倍)降低交配次数,但不影响生育力。

该影响只发生在雌性大鼠上,在只给予雄性大鼠药物处理的一般生殖毒性试验中未观察到交配行为受影响。

Beagle犬的亚慢性研究中,利培酮剂量为0.31~5mg/kg(以mg/m2计,为人最大推荐剂量的1.0~16.2倍)时,精子活力及浓度下降,相同剂量下血清睾酮水平剂量相关性降低。

停药后,血清睾酮水平及精子参数可部分恢复,但仍处于低水平。

大鼠或犬均没有观察到无影响剂量。

精神科药品说明书-再普乐片

【药品名称】通用名:奥氮平片商品名:再普乐®英文名:Olanzapine Tablets本品主要成份为:奥氮平其化学名称为:2-甲基-4-(4-甲基-1-哌嗪)-10H-噻吩并[2,3-6][1,5]苯并二嗪其结构式为:N N SCH3 NNCH3H分子式:C17H20N4S分子量:312.44【性状】口服包衣片,呈白色,片上印有“LILLY”和数字标号。

【药理毒理】药物治疗学归类:奥氮平属种抗精神病药。

ACT编码N05AH03(二氮杂卓和氧氮杂卓)。

作为抗精神病药,奥氮平作用于多种受体系统进而显示出广泛的药理学活性。

在临床前的研究中,奥氮平表现出与下列受体的亲和性:(Ki:<100nM):五羟色胺5-HT2A/2C,5-HT3,5-HT6;多巴胺D1,D2,D3,D4,D5;胆碱能毒蕈碱样受体M1-M5;α1-受体;以及组织胺H1受体。

动物行为学研究显示,奥氮平对五羟色胺、多巴胺和胆碱能拮抗作用与其受体结合效应一致。

已经在体外以及体内模型上证明,奥氮平与五羟色胺5-HT2受体亲和性比与多巴胺D2受体的亲和性高。

电生理研究证明,奥氮平选择性地减少中脑边缘系统(A10)多巴胺能神经元的放电,而对涉及运动功能的纹状体通路(A9)影响很小。

动物试验中,降低条件性回避反应与药物的抗精神病活性有关,而导致僵直的作用则与药物的运动副作用有关。

奥氮平可以在低于致僵直的剂量下降低条件性回避反应。

与某些其他抗精神病药不同,奥氮平可增强对“抗焦虑”实验的反应。

对健康志愿者进行的单次口服给药(10mg)后正电子发射扫描(PET)研究显示,奥氮平对5-HT2A受体占据高于多巴胺D2受体。

另外,一项对精神分裂症患者的SPECT研究揭示,奥氮平治疗有效的患者与某些其他抗精神病药包括利培酮有效的患者相比,奥氮平的纹状体D2受体占据更低,这一点上与氯氮平具有可比性。

在对2900名既有阳性症状又有阴性症状的精神分裂症患者进行的两个安慰剂对照研究,和三个阳性药物对照研究中的两个,显示奥氮平对阴性症状和阳性症状的改善都显著优于对照。

xy常用精神科药物说明及价格

化学名英文名抗精神病药物第一代吩噻嗪类氯丙嗪chlorpromazine奋乃静perphenazine丁酰苯类氟哌啶醇haldol二苯丁哌啶类五氟利多penfluridol, Semap 第二代苯甲酰胺类舒必利片sulpiride舒必利针苯丙异噁唑衍生物5-HT-D2受体拮抗剂利醅酮risperidone帕利哌酮缓释片Paliperidone齐拉西酮ziprasidone噻吩二氮卓类衍生物奥氮平olanzapine,zyprexa 二苯二氮卓类衍生物喹硫平quetiapine,丁二酸洛沙平Loxapine二苯氧氮平类氯氮平clozapine分类第三代喹啉酮衍生物DA受体部分激动剂阿立哌唑aripiprazole长效剂吩噻嗪类哌泊噻嗪棕榈酸酯pipothiazine palmitate氟奋乃静葵酸酯fluphenazine decanoate 苯丙异噁唑衍生物利醅酮微球RisperdalConsta.二苯丁哌啶类五氟利多penfluridol, Semap抗抑郁药单胺氧化酶抑制剂类吗鲁贝安moclobemide三环类多塞平doxepin,sinequan阿米替林amitriptyline, elavil氯米帕明clomipramine,anafranil SSRIs帕罗西汀片(进paraxetine,paxil帕罗西汀片(国产)舍曲林(进口)sertraline,zoloft舍曲林胶囊舍曲林西酞普兰片(进口)citalopram,cipramil西酞普兰胶囊(国产)西酞普兰片(国产)艾司西酞普兰Escitalopram氟西汀(进口)fluoxetine, prozac氟西汀(国产)氟伏沙明(进口)fluvoxamineSNRI文拉法辛缓释胶囊(进口)venlafaxine, efexor文拉法辛胶囊(国产)度罗西汀(进口)Duloxetine度罗西汀(国产)NDRI安非他酮bupropion5-HT2A受体拮抗剂和5-HT再摄取抑制剂 SARIs曲唑酮(进口)trazodone曲唑酮(国产)a2-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂和5-HT1,5-HT2受体拮抗剂米安舍林片mianserin,tolvonNE和特异性5-HT抗抑郁药 NaSSA米氮平片(进口)mirtazapine, remeron米氮平片(国产)米氮平片(国产)其他氟哌噻吨美利曲辛deanxit舒肝解郁胶囊情感稳定剂锂盐碳酸锂lithium碳酸锂缓释片抗癫痫药卡马西平片carbamazepine,CBZ奥卡西平oxcarbagepine丙戊酸钠缓释片valproate,depakene丙戊酸钠片丙戊酸镁缓释片丙戊酸镁片拉莫三嗪(进口)lamotrigine拉莫三嗪(国产)托吡酯片topiramate托吡酯片(国产)抗焦虑药苯二氮卓类阿普唑仑alprazolam氯硝西泮片clonazepam氯硝西泮片氯硝西泮针奥沙西泮oxazepam艾司唑仑estazolam地西泮片diazepam, valium地西泮针劳拉西泮(进口)lorazepam劳拉西泮(进口)劳拉西泮(国产)咪达唑仑片midazolam阿扎哌隆类丁螺环酮buspirone坦度螺酮胶囊tandospirone镇静催眠药唑吡坦片zolpidem, stilnox扎来普隆胶囊zaleplon佐匹克隆胶囊zopiclone, imovane苯巴比妥钠phenobarbital, luminal治疗ADHD药物中枢神经兴奋剂哌甲酯缓释片concerta哌甲酯片ritalin 非兴奋剂托莫西汀促智药,脑代谢促进药胆碱酯酶抑制剂多奈哌齐(国产)donepezil石杉碱甲片huperzine A抗氧化剂维生素E vitamin E促脑代谢及脑循环药吡拉西坦piracetam茴拉西坦aniracetam二氢麦角碱dihydroergotoxine阿米三嗪/萝巴新almitrine/raubasine吡硫醇pyritinol谷氨酸受体拮抗剂美金刚memantine其他盐酸苯海索片BENZHEXOL HYDROCHLORIDE美沙酮口服液Methadone Hydrochloride商品名规格单价(元/粒)起始剂量(mg)递增(mg/d)25mg *100片0.036825mg,bid 50mg每2~3日50mg*100片0.0672mg*100片0.019一次2~4mg,一日2~3次隔1~2日增加6mg2mg*100片0.1一次2~4mg,一日2~3 次5mg*5支320mg*240.8771每周10~20mg每一周增加10 mg0.1*1000.05750.1 bid0.1*100.291维思通1mg*20 3.20150.5-1索乐1mg*30 1.15可同1mg*20 2.515卓夫3mg*10 2.667胶囊1mg*20 2.06口服液30ml*1瓶193.2芮达620mg*20粒 3.2220 bid再谱乐5mg*2825.192955欧兰宁5mg*1410.9086思瑞康0.2*2013.89325 bid50-100舒思0.1*30 2.1277国产0.2*16 3.68534mg*10 2.883425 25-50博思清5mg*20 3.1425 10~15奥派10mg*7 5.78尼蒙舒50mg41.29肌注,50mg/4w25mg*2 4.66恒德25mg*11100口服20-80mg/w300-600mg/d25mg*1000.071425mg*1000.167925mg*500.4716赛乐特20mg*1012.099舒坦罗20mg*12 4.5825左洛复50mg*147.785750mg*14 5.6857唯他停50mg*14 4.37喜普妙20mg*1411.5714多弗20mg*7 6.2029迈克伟20mg*10 4.37来士普10mg*718.2157百忧解20mg*2811.2339开克10mg*14 2.6714兰释50mg*30 4.216750每周递增50怡诺思75mg*1410.054375备乐25mg*16 2.2644欣百达60mg*1420.714320mg*20 5.9975缓释剂75mg*14 6.0443150mg晨服1次4天后加至150mg bid速效剂75mg bid美抒玉50mg*20 3.421550每周增50mg 每素玉50mg*20 3.24330mg*12 6.7083瑞美隆30mg*1014.83515米尔宁15mg*20 5.29哌迪生30mg*1010.695黛力新20片 3.4041片 bid0.36*28 2.25390.25*1000.06440.3*1000.2973痛痉宁0.1*1000.0472100-200mg/d,分次曲莱0.3*50 4.5德巴金500mg*30 2.8733500-1000/d0.20.1429200-400mg/d0.25*30 1.85370.2*600.4155利必通50mg*30 4.066325mg/d每周增25mg 安闲25mg*48 1.1423100mg*60 5.184725mg/d每周增25mg 妥泰25mg*60 1.794佳静安定0.4mg*1000.10440.5mg*1000.0392mg*1000.15181mg*10 2.4841-4mg15mg*20 4.7815舒乐安定1mg0.05422.5mg10mg*100.5312mg*100 1.25120.5mg*200.4685奥善1mg*200.815mg*10 2.69一舒5mg*240.99465mg tid 1周后开始每2-4天加5mg律康5mg*16 1.7969思诺思10mg*7 3.5255mg*10 1.81510青尔齐7.5mg*12 2.15837.5大仑丁30mg*1000.0309专注达18mg*1521.66671810mg*200.7415mg, bid择思达10mg*7粒403天后加至80赛灵斯5mg*710.01865一般不加量哈伯因50ug*48 1.035100ug脑复康0.4*1000.8-1.6脑康酮200,tid安得静3-6mg/d都可喜1片 bid脑复新100-200mg tid二甲金刚胺5每周加5mg 2mg*1000.038910mg/ml 1.232最大剂量(mg/d)分次(次/d)备注(见sheet 2)性状600mg2~3低效价,用于止呕,一次 12.5~25mg,一日2~3次。

精神科药物说明总汇

吩噻嗪类:硫杂蒽类:泰尔登【英文名】:Chlorprothixene【别名】氯丙硫蒽【作用和用途】药理作用与氯丙嗪相似,抗精神病作用不及氯丙嗪,但镇静作用较氯丙嗪强,抗肾上腺素作用及抗胆碱作用弱,用于伴有焦虑或抑郁症的精神分裂症,更年期抑郁症、焦虑性神经官能症等。

【用法】治疗精神病,每日服200-450mg必要时可用至每日600mg对兴奋躁动,不合作者,开始可肌注,一日量为90-150mg分次给予,好转后改为口服。

治疗神经官能症每次服5-25mg一日3次【副作用】引起体位性低血压,但锥体外系反应较少见,偶有肝功能损伤、粒细胞减少及皮疹产生。

【注意事项】大剂量引起癫痫大发作。

丁酰苯类:苯酰胺类:新型抗精神病药物:三环类:四环类:单胺氧化酶抑制剂:SSRIs喜太乐 (氢溴酸西酞普兰片)【通用名】氢溴酸西酞普兰片【英文名】 Citalopram Hydrobromide Tablets【性状】本品为薄膜衣片,除去包衣后显白色。

【化学成份】本品主要成分为氢溴酸西酞普兰,其化学名称为:(±)-1-[3-(二甲氨基)丙基]-1-(4-氟苯基)-1,3-二氢-5-氰基异苯并呋喃氢溴酸盐。

【适应症】各种类型的抑郁症。

【用法用量】口服,成人:每日 20mg~60mg,一日一次。

从每日20mg开始,根据病情严重程度及患者反应可酌情增加至60mg,即每日最大剂量。

增量需间隔2-3周。

通常需要经过2-3周的治疗方可判定疗效。

为防止复发,治疗至少持续6个月。

临床试验未见戒断症状的报道,但5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRI)有可能出现戒断症状,因此需要经过1周的逐步减量方可停药。

超过65岁的老年患者和肝功能损伤的患者,剂量减半,常用量每日10-30mg,从每日10mg开始,推荐常用剂量为每日20mg,每日最大剂量为40mg。

若出现失眠或严重的静坐不能,在急性期建议辅予镇静剂治疗。

【不良反应】本品的不良反应通常短暂且轻微。

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CNS Stimulants
PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS
Drugs with depressive type of actoin
1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. Neuroleptics (antipsychotic) Tranquilizers (anxiolytics) Sedative drugs Normotymics (tymoleptics, tymoanaleptics)
SYMPTOMS
More than 50 % of patients with depressive disorders don’t realize that they have any psychological problems and complain only on certain somatic discharges
• Neurotransmitters pass along signal • Smaller amount of neurotransmitters causes depression
Function of adrenergic synapse in physiological conditions
Drug with stimulative action
Antidepressants Psychomotor stimulants Nootropic drugs Drugs which increase general tone (adaptogens)
Psychotomimetics (psychodysleptics)
Most frequent complaints of patients with depression
Feeling of hopelessness, indifference, fear, panic Tiredness, weakness, headache, dizziness, dream disorders, dyspepsia, unpleasant feelings and pain in different parts of the body Depressive conditions “mask” as vegetovascular, neurocirculative dystonia (various vegetative disorders), gastro-intestinal pathology, pathology of cardio-vascular, respiratory systems, manifest as diskinesia, functional motor disorders, insomnia, toothache, disorders of sexual activity, recidivate eczema and many other disorders
• • • •
TREATMENT FOR DEPRESSION
Psychotherapy Electroconvulsive therapy Natural alternatives Medication
• SSRIs • MAOIs • TCAs • SNRIs • NDRIs • TeCAs
NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND THE CATECHOLAMINE HYPOTHESIS
ANTIDEPRESSANTS
Drugs which inhibit neuronal uptake of monoamines
1.
2.
Nonselective action (block uptake of noradrenaline and serotonine): imisin, amitriptilin Selective action: а) heterocyclic compounds (block neuronal uptake of noradrenaline): amoxapin, maprotilin (ludiomil); б) selective blockers of neuronal uptake of serotonin: fluoxetin (prozak, framex), sertralin (zoloft), paroxetin (rexetin)
1. 2. LSD Cannabis sativa L.源自ANTIDEPRESSANTS
DEPRESSION
• • • • • Types Symptoms Diagnosis Causes Treatment
TYPES OF DEPRESSION
• Major depression • Chronic depression (Dysthymia) • Atypical depression • Bipolar disorder/Manic depression • Seasonal depression (SAD)
CAUSES OF DEPRESSION
• Genetics • Death/Abuse • Medications
• • • • • • • • • • • •
persistently sad, anxious, or empty moods loss of pleasure in usual activities (anhedonia) feelings of helplessness, guilt, or worthlessness crying, hopelessness, or persistent pessimism fatigue or decreased energy loss of memory, concentration, or decision-making capability restlessness, irritability sleep disturbances change in appetite or weight physical symptoms that defy diagnosis and do not respond to treatment (especially pain and gastrointestinal complaints) thoughts of suicide or death, or suicide attempts poor self-image or self-esteem (as illustrated, for example, by verbal self-reproach)
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