作业习题

作业习题BOOK ONEUNIT ONE The Middle Eastern BazaarI Give brief answers to the following questions, using your own words as much as possible:1) What is a bazaar? Can you name some of the Middle Eastern countries in which such bazaars are likely to be found?2) Name all the markets of the bazaar. What kind of economy do you think they represent? Give facts to support your view.3) Could a blind man know which part of the bazaar he was in? How?4) Why is the cloth-market “muted”?5) What scene do you find most picturesque in the bazaar? Why?II Explain how the following nouns are formed . Give examples to illustrate the different ways of compounding nouns.1) gateway, courtyard 2) godsend, sunset3) scarecrow, grindstone 4) hardboard, highlight5) outcome, inflow 6) breakthrough , blackoutIII Topic for oral workThe writer of this piece tries to evoke the atmosphere of the bazaar by his choice of language. Give examples of the methods he employs to achieve this.IV Written work1) Imagine yourself to be a blind man and describe the cloth-market and thecopper-smiths‟ market.2) Describe the activities at a rural market.UNIT TWO Hiroshima ----the “Liveliest” City in JapanI Give brief answers to the following questions, using your own words as much as possible:1) Can you guess the writer‟s occupation, and perhaps, his nationality?2) What do you think was the aim of the visit?3) What was his attitude towards Hiroshima?4) Was Hiroshima in any way different from other Japanese cities?5) What thoughts were on his mind ? Were there other visitors from abroad? Didthey share his views? How do you know?6) What was his answer he read in every eye?II Explain how the meaning of the following sentences is affected when the italicized words are replaced with the words in brackets. Pay attention to the shades of meanings of the words.1) That must be what the man shouted.(was)2) Was I not at the scene of the crime? ( Was I at the scene…..?)3) Elderly ladies rubbed shoulders with teen-agers.( old)4) He grinned at me in the rear-view mirror.( smiled, laughed)5) He s ketched a little map on tatami matting.(carefully)III Topics for oral work.1) How do the Japanese themselves look at Haroshima? Why?2) Why did the writer go to Haroshima? What effect did the visit have on him?IV Write a short composition on either of the topics1) “Time Marchers on in Haroshima” --- a Chinese newsman‟s report on his recent visit to Haroshima2) My visit to….UNIT THREE Ships in the DesertI Give brief answers to the following questions , using your own words as much as possible:1) Why did the writer go to the Aral Sea? What did he see there/2) What was “ the tunnel through time” the scientist was digging?3) What were scientist doing in the Antarctic region?4) Why would the thinning of the polar rice cap be disastrous to the world?5) How will the destruction of the Amazon rain forest affect the earth‟s ecological balance?6) What does the writer call “ ghosts in the sky” ? How are they formed?II Study the formation of the following nouns in each group. Give further examples of nouns with the same suffix.1) radiation pollution 2) environment measurement3) image damage 4) coldness thickness5) emission collision 6) activity fragility7) nature temperature 8) crisis paralysisIII Replace the italicized words with simple, everyday words or expressions:1) My research for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis has led me to travel around the world to examine and study many of these images of destruction.( ) ( )2) Scientists monitor the air several times every day to chart the course of that inexorable change.( )3) I traveled by snowmobiles a few miles further north to a rendezvous point.( )4) with horizon defined by little hummocks….. where separate sheets collide( )5) Our challenge is to recognize that the startling images of environmental destruction…..awaken us.( )IV Write a short composition on :We must protect our ecological system.UNIT FOUR Everyday Use for Your GrandmaI Give brief answers to the following questions , using your own words as much as possible:1) In real life what kind of woman is the mother?2) What kind of woman would Dee like her mother?3) How does the mother act when she meets a strange white man?4) What kind of girl is Maggie?5) Why did Dee want the quilt so much?6) What is implied by the subtitle … for your grandmama‟?II The following sentences all contain metaphors or similes. Explain their meaning in plain ,non-figurative language.1) I am the way my daughter would want me to be :…. my skin like an uncooked barley pancake.2) It seems to me I have talked to them always with one foot raised in flight.3) Impressed with her they worshiped her well-turned phrases ,the cute shape, t he scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye.4) He flew to marry a cheap city girl from a family of ignorant flashy people.5) And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe.III The following are rhetorical questions requiring no answers. Turn them into statement without changing the main ideas.1) A pleasant surprise , of course : What would they do if parent and child came on the show only to curse out and insult each other?2) Who ever knew Johnson with a quick tongue?3) Who can ever imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye?4) Why don‟t you do a dance around the ashes/5) “Why don‟t you take one or two of the others?” I asked.IV Topic for oral workCompare the three women in the story.UNIT FIVE Speech on Hitler‟s Invasion of the U.S.S.RI Give brief answers to the following questions , using your own words as much as possible1)When and how did the Germans attack the Soviet Union?2) What was Churchill‟s reaction to the news of Hitler‟s invasion of Russia? Why?3) Why did Churchill side with the Soviet Union since he had always been an avowed enemy of communism?4) What policy did Churchill declare Britain would pursue?5) What , according to Churchill, was Hitler‟s motive in invading Russia? Do you agree with him?II Look up the following words in the dictionary and explain the meaning of …anti-… in each case, put them into Chinese and give further examples.1) anti-imperialist, antichrist2) antibacterial, antifreeze3) antiaircraft, anti-ballistic missile4) antithesis , antiheroIII Topic for oral work1) What “crimes”, “follies” and “tragedies” was Churchill referring to?2) Comment on Churchill‟s speech?UNIT SIX BlackmailI Give brief answers to the following questions , using your own words as much as possible1) Did Ogilvie deliberately delay his call at the Croydons‟ suite? Why?2) Why did the Duchess send her maid and secretary out?3) Why do you think Ogilvie was being deliberately offensive to the Croydons in the beginning?4) How did the Duchess know where the Duke had gone the night the accident occurred?5) How did Ogilvie come to suspect the Croydons of the hit-…n-run crime?6) What is a …brush trace‟?II Make sentences with the following words, using the parts of speech indicated in the brackets:1) sound( v.) 2) figure( v.)3) go (n.) 4) try (n.)5) dust( v.) 6) square( v.)7) good( n.) 8) head( v.)9) make (n.) 10) reason( v.)III Translate the following into Chinese:1 He is never put out by unexpected questions.2 They will put out more rice next year.3 Here is a pretty go.4 He is itching to have a go at it.5 The old man is still full of go.6 This small shop sells fancy goods.7 Do you fancy anything to drink?IV Write a short summary of the story within 400 words.UNIT SEVEN The Age of Miracle ChipsI Give brief answers to the following questions , using your own words as much as possible:1) What does a miracle chip look like? What is it made of?2) What was the computer of 25 years ago like? What is the miracle chip of today like?3) Describe a day of Mr.A and his wife.4) How will a household computer work?5) How will a hospital computer work?6) How will the tiny computers help motorists of the future?7) What is the significance of the computer revolution?II Proper names and trade names are sometimes used as common nouns. Point out what the italicized words stand for.1) Ford co. now offers buyers of its Continental Mark Vs an option called “miles to empty‟.2) Drivers of General Motors‟ 1978 Cadillac Seville are also able to punch a button and find out the miles yet to go to a preset destination and the estimated arrival time.3) She drove in her Fiat to the theatre.4) Those photos were taken with a Kodak.5) Would you care for a cup of longjing?III Topics for oral work:1) Is the computer a humanizing or dehumanizing factor?2) The author tries to make his science writing interesting and popular. What are some of the methods he employs to achieve this?UNIT EIGHT An Interactive LifeIt Will put the world at your fingertips, changing the ways you shop, play and learn. But when will the future arrive?I Give brief answers to the following questions , using your own words as much as possible:1) What will an interactive life of the future be like ?Describe some of its possible features.2) Why should a person step into the past to get an idea of what the future might bring?3) How would Peter Jennings become obsolete?4) What is called “fake interactive”?5) What does “complete viewer control” mean?II The noun-forming suffixes –ism has different meanings that should not always be translated into “主义”.Put the following into Chinese, paying attention to the different meanings of –ism:1) elitism 2) populism3) terrorism 4) pauperism5) nationalism 6) alcoholism7) multi-culturalism 8) symbolismIII Topics for oral work:1) What impact will interactivity have on future leisure activities?2) What impact will interactivity have on future businesses?3) What other possible scenarios do you envisage for interactivity?UNIT NINE Mark Twain--- Mirror of AmericaI Give brief answers to the following questions , using your own words as muchas possible:1Why is Mark Twain one of America‟s best-loved authors?2 Give a brief account of Mark Twain‟s experience before he became a writer.3 Why did the writer adopt …Mark Twain‟ as his pen name?4 Why did Mark Twain leave the river country? What did he do then?5 What story did he write that made him known as …the wild humorist of the Pacific slope‟?II Give the antonyms of the words listed below:1 ) optimist 2) savage3) keen 4) to rebuff5) diligently 6) sluggish7) to acknowledge 8) colossal9) tedious 10) drearyIII Replace the italicized words and phrases with more formal words or expressions:1) Indeed, this nation‟s best-loved author was every bit as adventurous…as anyone had imagined.( )2) Broke and discouraged, he accepted a job as reporter( )3) that gave to California a name for getting up astounding enterprises( )4) and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring( )5) “Well, that is California all over” ( )IV Write a summary of the life to Mark Twain within 200 words.UNIT TEN The Trial That Rocked the WorldI Give brief answers to the following questions , using your own words as much as possible:1) How much do you know about the author from his article?2) What do you think of the struggles between fundamentalists and modernists? What did that show?3) Why was so much attention paid to this trial in an out-of-the-way small town in the U.S.?4) Try to elaborate the views of Darrow and Malone and that of Bryan‟s.5) What have you learned about the Bible?6) What do you think is the message of this article?II Explain the implied meaning or satirical meaning of the following:1) “Today it is the teachers ,”he continued , “and tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers.”2) “There is some doubt about that,” Darrow shorted.3) One shop announced: DARWIN IS RIGHT-INSIDE.4) The truth does not need Mr. Bryan.5) Of the 12 juniors , three had never read any book except the Bible. One couldn‟t read.III The following sentences contain metaphors or similes. Explain their meanings in plain, non-figurative language.1) no one, least of all I, anticipated that my case would snow-ball into one of the most famous trials in U.S.‟s history.2) By the time the trial began on July 10, our town of 1,500 people had taken on a circus atmosphere.3) he thundered in his sonorous organ tones.4) Then the court broke into a storm of applause that surpassed that for Bryan.5) But although Malone had won the oratorical duel with BryanIV Written workDescribe the climax of the trial within 250 words.UNIT ELEVEN But What‟s a Dictionary For?I Give brief answers to the following questions , using your own words as much as possible:1) What critical views did the popular press express on the publication of Webster‟s Third New International Dictionary?2) How much effort and money was spent on the making of this dictionary?3) Why are new dictionaries needed?4) What does the writer say about spelling and pronunciation?5) Has the Third New International Dictionary any faults?II Spell the following words in another accepted way:Model: 1) theatre—theater2) traveled---traveled1) anaemia 9) dialogue2) anaesthesia 10) gramme3) behaviour 11) programme4) favourite 12) modeled5) cheque 13) practice6) centre 14) manoeuvre7) metre 15) Muslim8) defence 16) fulfilIII Topic for oral workDescribe the merits and faults of a dictionary you‟re familiar with.IV Write an outline of the text.UNIT TWELVE The LoonsI Give brief answers to the following questions , using your own words as much as possible:1) Were the Tonnerres rich or poor? Substantiate your answer with facts.2) What would happen sometimes to old Jules or his son Lazarus on Sunday nights?3) Why did the doctor propose taking Piquette to Diamond Lake for the summer?4) Why did the narrator‟s mother first object and then agree to take Piquette along?5) What is the full name of the narrator?II Replace the italicized colloquial or slangy words with more formal words or expressions:1) Sometimes Old Jules, or his son Lazarus , would get mixed up in a Saturday-night brawl.( )2) I hate like the dickens to send her home again.( )3) “I‟ll bet anything she has nits in her hair.‟( )4) “So what?” Her voice was distant.5) “I bet you know a lot about the woods and all that, eh?”( )III Topics for oral work1) What kind of life did Piquette live after her summer holidays at Diamond lake?2) Did Piquette commit suicide or die an accidental death? Give your reasons.UNIT THIRTEEN Britannia Rues the WavesI Give brief answers to the following questions , using your own words as much as possible:1) Comment on the title of the article. What is the implied meaning?2) Why does the author think shipping is a major success story?What are the reasons foe the success?3) What stiff foreign competition threatens the British fleet?4) What is a conference? What role does it play?5) Why could the foreign liner services stand the slump better?II Explain how the meaning of the following sentences is affected when the italicized words are replaced by the words in brackets. Pay attention to the shades of meaning of the words.1) But today, this vital British industry is more in peril than ever before.( danger)2) In the early 1960s, the shipping companies cashed in on government grants and tax concessions.( loans)3) and price-cutting ruined many long-established companies( affected)4) so they were not so badly affected( influenced)5) Containers, for example, were an American invention.( discovery)III Write a short composition on the topic within 400 words.The Shipping Industry in ChinaUNIT FOURTEEN Argentina BayI Give brief answers to the following questions , using your own words as much as possible:1) Why was it considered a joke when the President said, “I‟ve never heard …My Country‟ Tis of Thee‟ played better?2) Why did Henry think he went from peace to war when he passed from the Augusta to the Prince of Wales?3) On the problem of aid to Russia, did Churchill and Roosevelt see eye to eye? In what way did their opinions differ?4) Who was after all Number One Man, according to the author.5) What was Britain‟s immediate need? Why did the author consider this need pathetic?II Rewrite the following sentences without using transferred epithet:Model: He threw a reassuring arm round my shoulder.--- He threw his arm round my shoulder reassuringly.1) Gray peace pervaded the wilderness-ringed Argentia Bay in Newfoundland.2) droves of bluejackets were doing an animated scrub-down.3) They prolonged the clasp for the photographer, exchanging smiling words.4) Pug observed that not one of them was shooting this crippled walk.5) The sailors swarmed into a laughing , cheering ring around the two men.III Topics for oral work1) Why did Churchill undertake such a dangerous ocean voyage? Did the result justify the risks he took?2) Comment on the different roles Britain , the United States and Soviet Union played in World War II.UNIT FIFTEEN No Signposts in the SeaI Give brief answers to the following questions , using your own words as much as possible:1) What effects does the moon and the cool water of the swimming pool have on him?2) What kind of coastline does he like? Why?3) Who is in charge of the lighthouse? Does he like the job?4) Why does he say: “God, is there no escape from suffering and sin?”5) What is the …green flash‟?II Point out the figures of speech used in the following sentences:1) in the evening she wears soft rich colors( )2) he says he used to read me ( )3) I want my fill of beauty before I go.( )4) and the cool support of the water( )5) I had no temptation to take a flying holiday to the south( )III Topics for oral work1) Who is Edmund Carr? How has he changed?2) How does the writer manage to make her description of the sea and the coastline so vivid and beautiful?IV Written workDescribe a beautiful place that you have visited.UNIT SIXTEEN 1776I Replace the following italicized words with more formal words or expressions:1) If you‟ll be wantin‟ anything at all just holler out. ( )2) Where does Georgia stand on the question of independence? ( )3) Y‟know perfectly well neither Rodney nor I can stand this little wart.( )4) You‟ve got your way at last.( )5) Let‟s get on with it.( )6) The South‟s done us in.( )II Explain the meaning of the metaphors and similes in the following sentences, using plain , non-figurative language;1) WILSON: for if we do not determine the nature of the beast before we set it free, it will end by consuming us all( Scene 3)2) JOHN: You keep to the rear of every issue so if we should go under you‟ll still remain afloat.( Scene 3)3) JOHN: Would you whip it and beat it till you break its spirit? ( Scene 6)4) FRANKLIN( angrily): but in any case, stop acting like a Boston fishwife( Scene6)5) HANCOCK: We are about to brave the storm in a skiff made of paper( Scene 7) III Topics for oral work1) Which character do you like best? Why?2) Which character do you dislike most? Why?3) What new facts have you learned about American history?IV Write a summary of Scene Three within 400 words.BOOK TWOUnit OneFace to Face with Hurricane CamilleExercisesⅠ.Questions on appreciation:1.What is the organizational pattern of this piece of narration? How would youclassify the first six paragraphs?2.What dose the writer focus chiefly on ---developing character, action (plot),or idea(theme)?3.Who is the protagonist or leading character in the story?4.What opposing forces make up the conflict?5.How does the writer give order and logical movement to the sequence of happenings?6.At what point would you have ended the story? Why?Ⅱ.Discriminate the following groups of synonyms:1.demolish, destroy, raze, annihilate2.disintegrate, decay, rot, spoil, molder, decomposeSuggested Reference Books [SRB]1.Webster’s New World Dictionary of American Language2.Webster’s New Dictionary of Synonyms3.Reader’s Digest, Use the Right WordⅢ. Topics for oral work:1.What are the strong and weak points of the narration?2.Whom do you admire most in this story? Why?3.What have you learned about people and society in the United States? Does the story give atrue and complete picture?Ⅳ. Write a short narration of around 300 words relating your experience of an earthquake, a flood, a typhoon or a hailstorm.Unit Two MarrakechExercisesⅠ.Questions on appreciation:1.The things of value, Orwell says in “Why I Write”, are always political. Isthis essay political? Has the writer said anything of value?2.Orwell describes human suffering and misery rather objectively. How then canyou tell that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery?3.Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys but conceal his feelings about thepeople? What effect does this contrast have on the reader?4.Could paras4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before? Could other groups of paragraphs berearranged? What does this indicate about the organization? What gives the essay coherence?5.Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism? Has the Writer succeeded inshowing that imperialism is an “evil thing”?ment on Orwell‟s lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details.Ⅱ.Discriminate the following groups of synonyms:1.wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan2.frenzy, mania, delirium, hysteria3.glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkleSuggested Reference Books [SRB]1.Webster’s New World Dictionary of American Language2.Webster’s New Dictionary of Synonyms3..Reader’s Digest, Use the Right WordⅢ. Topics for oral work:1.What can you infer about the author‟s political attitude from this essay?2.Do you like Orwell‟s style? Give examples to support your views.In this essay, the writer makes effective use of specific verbs. List 10specific verbs you consider used most effectively and give your reasons.IV. Write a short composition describing objectively the suffering and poverty of pre-liberation China or of any city. Try to maintain an objective tone, but your real feelings should be evident to the reader.Unit Three Pub Talk and the King‟s EnglishⅠ.Questions on appreciation:1.In what way is “pub talk” concerned with “the King‟s English” Is the title of the piece wellchosen?2.Point out the literary and historical allusions used in this piece and comment on their use.3.What is the function of para 5?Is the change from “pub talk”to “the King‟s English”tooabrupt?4.Do the simple idiomatic expressions like “to be on the rocks, out of bed on the wrong side,ect.,”go well with the copious literary and historical allusions the writer uses? Give your reasons.5.Does the writer reveal his political inclination in this piece of writing? How?Ⅱ.Discriminate the following groups of synonyms:1.ignorant, illiterate, uneducated, unlearned2.jeer, scoff, sneer, gibe, floutSuggested Reference Books [SRB]1.Webster’s New World Dictionary of American Language2.Webster’s New Dictionary of Synonyms3..Reader’s Digest, Use the Right WordⅢ. Topics for oral work:1.In your opinion, what makes or spoils a good conversation?2.Is spoken English different from written English? In what ways are they different?IV. Write a short composition describing some of the peculiarities of spoken English.Unit Four Inaugural AddressⅠ.Questions on appreciation:1.Speeches are generally highly rhetorical. Point out some of the differentrhetorical devices Kennedy employs to make his inaugural address as forceful and impressive as possible.2.Is the address well organized? Comment on the order in which he addressed the differentgroups of nations and people.3.Cite examples to show that Kennedy is very particular and careful in his choice and use ofwords.4.Is his tone and message suited to the different groups he addresses? Give your reasons.5.This inaugural address is regarded by many in the United States as a classical speech, andmany passages are often quoted. Could you pick out some passages likely to be quoted by Americans? Give reasons for your choice.6.Is Kennedy‟s argument and persuasion based mainly on facts and logic or on an appeal toemotions? Would this type of speech be successful on all occasions?II Discriminate the following groups of synonyms:1.mortal, fatal, deadly, lethal2.faithful, loyal, constant, staunch, resoluteIII topics for oral work:1.To what ,do you think ,is the United States committed at home and around the world?ment on U.S. policies as laid down by Kennedy in his inaugural address.Unit Five Love is a FallacyI Write a short note on :Ruskin.[SRB]1.Oxford Companion to English Literature2 any book on the history of English literature3 any standard encyclopediaII Questions on appreciation :1 Comment on the title of this essay. Is it humourous?2 Can you find any evidence to support the view that writer is satirizing a bright but self-satisfied young man?3 What is the purpose of this essay or story? What method does the writer employ?4 Comment on the language used by Polly. What effect does her language create?5 In what sense is the conclusion ironic.III Write a short composition on one of the following topics ,using the method of classification for developing your ideas:1.Farm Work in My Village2.Physical Training in Our School3.Some Successful Study MethodsUnite Six Disappearing Through The SkylightI Write short notes on the following :Lysenko and Leonardo(davinci)[SRB]any standard encyclopediaII Shorten the sentences ,omitting repeated words ,helping verbs, etc.1 The theories we use in meteorology are complicated and they don‟t cover all aspects of the weather.2 The raw material are weighed ,then they are mixed automatically in the correct proportions and then they are fed into the granulator.3 When they are thoroughly mixed with the suspension ,these substances separate the virus particles from the rest of the suspension.4 The plastic material is fed into a hopper and then it is heated.5 Local calls, long-distance calls and intercontinental calls are connected automatically in this exchange.6 The steel is heated . Then it is quenched rapidly in water. It is heated again and this time it is cooled slowly.III Topics for oral work:1 Is history really in the process of disappearing ?2 Is the world becoming more uniform or more diverse?Unit Seven The Libido for the UglyI Write a short note on H.L.Mencken.[SRB]1 The Author’s and Writer’s Who’s Who2 The Oxford Companion to American LiteratureII Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the italicized words:1 coming out of Pittsburgh on one of the expresses of the Pennsylvania Railroad ( para. 1)2 I rolled eastward for an hour (para. 1)3 the sheer revolting monstrousness (para 2)4 somewhere further down the line (para 3)5 they are streaked in grime(para 3)6 and it is still slightly (para 4)III Replace the italicized words with simple, everyday words or expressions:1.Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristics activity( )2. and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.(…)。