反意疑问句(教师版)

反意疑问句(教师版)
反意疑问句(教师版)

反意疑问句

知识集结

知识元

反意疑问句

知识讲解

1.概念

反义疑问句(The Disjunctive Question 或 Question tags)即附加疑问句.它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方赞同.

2.结构:

反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致.

主要形式:陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式;陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式.

1)陈述部分肯定句+疑问部分否定句(可记为前肯后否).

例:They work hard, don't they?

他们努力工作,不是吗?

Let's go to the supermarket ,shall we?

让我们去超市,好吗?

2)陈述部分否定句+疑问部分肯定句(可记为前否后肯).

例:You didn't go, did you?

你没去,是吗?

3.用法:

1)反意疑问句的缩写问题

当反意疑问句的附加部分为否定式时,习惯上只用缩写形式,不能分开来写.如:

You love him very much, don't you?你很爱他,对不对?

2)反意疑问句用于there be句式

当陈述部分为there be句型时,附加部分仍用there be句式.如:

There is a garden at the back of the house, isn't there?房子背后有一座花园,对吗?

3)当 have 为助动词时,其反意疑问句沿用同样的助动词:

He has already left, hasn't he?他已经离开了,是吗?

4)当 have 为实意动词时,要分两种情况:

①若表示"所有",反意疑问句可以用have,也可以用do:

He has a lot of friends here, hasn't [doesn't] he?他在这儿有许多朋友,是吗?

但是若陈述部分用的是have的否定式,反意疑问句用have 还是用do,取决于陈述部分的动词形式:

He hasn't any money, has he?他没有钱,是吗?

He doesn't have any money, does he?他没有钱,是吗?

②若表示"吃"、"玩"等意思,反意疑问句要用do:

He has supper at 5, doesn't he?他5点吃晚餐,是吗?

He had a good time at the party, didn't he?他在晚会上玩得很开心,是吗?

4)涉及情态动词的反意疑问句

在通常情况下,当陈述部分含有情态动词时,反意疑问句会重复前面同样的情态动词.如:The boy can read and write, can't he?这男孩会读写,是吗?

We shouldn't help him, should we?我们不应该帮助他,对吗?

注意,当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,要分两种情况:若must表示"必须"或"有必要",则附加部分可用 mustn't 或needn't.如:

You must leave at once, mustn't [needn't] you?他必须(有必要)马上离开,是吗?

若must表示推测,意为"一定"时,其附加部分不能用must,而应根据must后的动词结构采用相应的动词形式.如:

He must be tired, isn't he?他一定累了,是吗?

He must have read it, hasn't [didn't] he?他一定读过它,是吗?

He must have left yesterday, didn't he?他昨天一定走了,是吗?

这三句中的must均表示推测,其意均表示"一定".第一句的must后为动词be,而句子为第三人称单数,所以附加部分用isn't he;第二句的must后为动词 read的完成式have read,表明动作已经发生过了,此时的附加部分既可与have保持一致使用hasn't he,也可与动词read何持一致使用didn't he;第三句的must后也是动词read的完成式,但由于它后面用了表示明确过去时间的状语,所以附加部分用didn't he,不用hasn't he.

5)涉及祈使句的反意疑问句

若陈述部分为祈使句,则其附加部分通常用will you, won't you, would you等.如:

Come tomorrow, will you?明天来吧,好不好?

Try it again, won't you?再试一次,好吗?

但是,如果前面为否定的祈使句,则其附加问句部分要用肯定形式will you,而不能用否定式形式的won't.如:

Don't tell him, will you?不要告诉他,好吗?

注意,当祈使句Let's…或Let us…开头时,情况比较特殊﹣﹣由于Let's…总是表示建议,所以其后的附加部分总是用shall we.如:

Let's have a break, shall we?我们休息一下吧,好不好?

Let's meet on Monday, shall we?咱们星期一碰头吧,好不好?

而祈使句以et us…时则有所不同,由于它有时表示请求,有时表示建议,所以要区别对待﹣﹣表示请求时,附加部分用will you;表示建议时,附加部分用shall we.如:

Let us know your address, will you?请把你的地址告诉我们,好吗?

Let us go swimming together, shall we?我们一起去游泳吧,好吗?

4.易混淆点:

1)反意疑问句的主语问题

反意疑问句部分的主语应与陈述部分主语一致,且只能是代词,不能是名词.如:

正:Jim likes English very much, doesn't he?吉姆很喜欢英语,对吗?

如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词或不定代词等,在附加部分应改用相应的人称代词.如:That is a wallet, isn't it?这是个钱包,是吗?

Nothing is serious, isn't it?一点也不严重,对吗?

注意,如果陈述部分的主语为somebody, someone, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody 等指人的复合不定代词时,其附加部分的主语在正式文体中用he,在口语或非正式文体中通常用they.如:

2)当陈述部分为否定式,反意疑问句为肯定式时,其回答往往与汉语不一致,需特别引起注意:

"It isn't cheap, is it?" "Yes, it is." "它不便宜吧?""不,很便宜."

"He doesn't love her, does he?" "No, he doesn't.""他不爱她,是吗?""是的,他不爱她." Nobody likes it, does he [don't they]?没有一个人喜欢它,是吗?

5.解题方法点拨:

回答反意疑问句的原则

回答反意疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定,如有人问你You are asleep, aren't you?你应回

答No, I'm not.因为既然你能回答,肯定你还没有asleep.但如果别人问你 You aren't asleep, are you?(你还没有睡着,对吗),你也只能回答No, I'm not.(是的,还没有睡着),而不能回答为Yes, I'm not.也不能回答成 Yes, I am.

6.高考命题方向:

1)考查祈使句的反意疑问句

Don't play football in the street, will you?不要在街上打篮球好吗?

2)考查let's …的反意疑问句

Let's go home together, shall we?我们一起回家好吗?

3)考查陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词的反意疑问句

He seldom takes a bus to school, does he?他很少乘公共汽车去学校,对吗?

4)考查复合句的反意疑问句

They said that you had finished your homework, didn't they?他们说你做完作业了,是吗?

例题精讲

反意疑问句

例1.

(2018?常州一模)-I don't see any reason why I sacrifice myself so much.

-Never forget why you started so that you can accomplish your mission,________?()A.will you B.won't you

C.can you D.can't you

【答案】A

【解析】

题干解析:

A 句中有never表示否定意义,排除BD.never后面是动词原形,可以推断本句是祈使句,祈使句的反义疑问句一般用will you。

例2.

(2017秋?无锡期末)The hardworking college student must have read all the books recommended by this professor last summer,______?()

A.mustn't he B.hasn't he

C.didn't he D.doesn't he

【解析】

题干解析:

答案是C.本题考查含推测的情态动词的反意疑问句;反意问句的陈述句部分出现表示推测的情态动词时,问句部分助动词的判断方法是:去掉表示推测的情态动词,将句子还原.本题中去掉must,句子还原为"The hardworking college student read all the books recommended by this professor last summer",read为过去时,其反意疑问句的问句部分是didn't he,故

例 3.

(2017秋?连云港期末)-You don't think the Belt and the Road policy put forward by China will pay off,do you?

-______.It is simply a matter of time.()

A.Yes.I do.B.No,I don't。

C.Yes,I don't D.No,I do.

【答案】A

【解析】

题干解析:

A.考查反义疑问句.反义疑问句的回答不管是前否后肯,还是前肯后否形式的反义疑问句,回答都根据事实回答,肯定的答案就用"yes+肯定结构",否定的答案就用"no+否定结构",答案要和实际情况相符.也叫实事求是,因此首先可以排除掉C和D.根据句子所要表达的意思"不,我认为会."可排除B;

例4.

(2018秋?高邮市期中)When you've finished with that book,don't forget to put it back on the shelf,_______?()

A.do you B.don't you

C.will you D.won't you

【解析】

题干解析:

答案是C.本题考查祈使句的反意问句.反义问句的基本结构是"陈述句+简略疑问句?",陈述句用肯定,则疑问句用否定;陈述句用否定,疑问句用肯定;疑问句中的主语和助动词与陈述句一致,当陈述句含主从句时,疑问句中的主语和助动词往往与主句一致(本题中don't forget to put it back on the shelf);这是一个否定祈使句,否定祈使句的反意问句用will you;

例5.

(2017秋?鼓楼区校级期中)- He is unlike his father who drinks a lot,______?

- ______.He never drinks.()

A.is he;Yes B.isn't he;No

C.is he;No D.isn't he;Yes

【答案】D

【解析】

题干解析:

D.考查反意疑问句.句意:-他不像他父亲那样爱喝酒,难道不是吗?-不,他从来不喝酒.前半句He is unlike his father who drinks a lot中的unlike并不表示否定,所以前半句是肯定,后半句用否定;再根据前半句的is,

当堂练习

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中考英语重点句法考点: ----感叹句和反意疑问句

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